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Table 4-42 . Estimated National Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (Million short tons)

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  1970 1975 1980 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Transportation                                  
On-Road vehicles 12.97 10.55 8.98 9.38 8.87 8.48 8.29 7.19 6.31 6.50 6.07 6.10 6.40 5.70 5.49 R5.33 5.33
Off-Road                                  
Aircraft 0.10 0.12 0.15 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 R0.18 0.18
Railroads 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
Marine vessels 0.01 0.01 R0.02 R0.02 R0.02 0.03 R0.03 R0.03 R0.03 R0.03 R0.03 R0.03 R0.04 R0.03 R0.03 R0.03 0.04
Other off-roada R0.87 R0.93 R0.98 R1.03 R1.02 R1.01 R1.01 R0.96 R0.92 R0.92 R0.91 R0.91 0.92 R0.93 R0.92 R0.92 0.92
Total transportation R13.97 R11.64 R10.16 R10.64 R10.12 R9.74 R9.56 R8.41 R7.49 R7.68 R7.24 R7.27 7.59 R6.89 R6.67 R6.51 6.52
Nontransportation                                  
Fuel combustion 0.72 0.66 1.05 1.57 1.40 1.28 1.36 1.37 1.01 1.08 1.12 0.99 0.99 1.07 R1.04 R0.90 0.89
Industrial processesb 12.33 11.10 12.10 9.50 9.35 R9.58 9.90 9.81 9.01 9.18 9.37 9.53 9.69 9.71 R8.17 R8.39 8.02
Waste disposal and recycling 1.98 0.98 0.76 0.98 0.97 0.95 0.96 0.94 0.99 1.00 1.01 1.05 1.05 1.07 R0.42 R0.43 0.43
Miscellaneousc, R R1.98 R1.71 R2.22 R1.75 R1.78 R1.92 R2.54 R1.97 R2.42 R2.15 R1.91 R2.01 R2.21 R2.07 R2.43 R2.64 2.05
Total nontransportation R17.02 R14.45 R16.13 R13.80 R13.50 R13.73 R14.76 R14.09 R13.44 R13.43 R13.42 R13.59 R13.95 R13.93 R12.07 R12.37 11.40
TOTAL all sourcesR R30.98 R26.08 R26.34 R24.43 R23.62 R23.47 R24.31 R22.51 20.94 R21.10 R20.66 R20.87 R21.54 R20.82 R18.74 R18.88 17.92

a Other off-road comprises nonroad gasoline- and diesel-powered recreational, airport service and railway maintenance vehicles, and recreational marine vessels.
b Industrial processes comprises chemical and allied product manufacturing, metals processing, petroleum and related industries, and other industrial processes; and solvent  utilization, storage, and transport.
c Miscellaneous comprises nonroad gasoline- and diesel-powered construction, industrial, lawn and garden, farm, light-commercial, logging vehicles, and other non-road sources;  geogenic sources, catastrophic and accidental releases, health services, cooling towers, nontransportation-related fugitive dust, agriculture and forestry,  structural fires, agriculture fires, slash/prescribed burning, forest wildfires, and other combustion sources that could not be accurately allocated to specific source categories.

KEY: R = revised.

NOTES: The methodologies used to estimate emissions constantly evolve and undergo major changes. These improved methods are often used to revise estimates for previous years. Therefore, some estimates in this table may not match estimates produced in previous reports, and some trends may not be consistent across years in which major methodology changes have occurred. Numbers may not add to totals due to rounding.

SOURCES: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Air Pollutant Emission Trends: 1900-1998 (EPA-454/R-00-002) (Research Triangle Park, NC: March 2000), table A-3; also available at Internet website www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/trends98/emtrnd.html, as of Aug. 8, 2000.