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Residential Lead Hazard Standards - TSCA Section 403
As part of EPA's ongoing efforts to protect children from lead poisoning, the Agency announces new standards to identify dangerous levels of lead in paint, dust and soil. These new national standards are more protective than previous EPA guidance and will, for the first time, provide home owners, school and playground administrators, childcare providers and others with standards to protect children from hazards posed by lead, including children in federally-owned housing.
Under these new standards, federal agencies, including the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, as well as state, local and tribal governments, will have new uniform benchmarks on which to base remedial actions taken to safeguard children and the public from the dangers of lead. These standards will also apply to other federal lead provisions, such as EPA's real estate disclosure requirements currently in place for persons selling or renting a home or apartment. These hazard standards will also serve as general guidance for other EPA programs engaged in toxic waste cleanups. In addition, these standards will provide landlords, parents, and childcare providers with specific levels on which to make informed decisions regarding lead found in their homes, yards, or play areas.
Health problems from exposure to lead can include profound developmental and neurological impairment in children. Lead poisoning has been linked to mental retardation, poor academic performance and juvenile delinquency. Nearly one million children in America today have dangerously elevated levels of lead in their blood. Because of the potential dangers, any exposure to deteriorated lead-based paint presents a hazard.
Under the new standards, lead is considered a hazard when equal to or exceeding 40 micrograms of lead in dust per square foot on floors, 250 micrograms of lead in dust per square foot on interior window sills, and 400 parts per million (ppm) of lead in bare soil in children's play areas or 1200 ppm average for bare soil in the rest of the yard.
Identifying lead hazards through these standards will allow inspectors and risk assessors to assist property owners in deciding how to address problems which may include lead paint abatement, covering or removing soil or professional cleaning of lead dust.
This action appears in the January 5, 2001 Federal Register (PDF) (36 pp, 357K).
Contact the National Lead Information Center (NLIC) to speak with an information specialist.
Final Rules and Policy in Effect
- 40 CFR Part 745, Lead; Identification of Dangerous Levels of Lead; Final Rule - 1/5/2001 (PDF) (36 pp, 357K)
- Authorization Status of States and Tribes (PDF) (1 pg, 67K)
- Interpretive Guidance for the Federal Program, TSCA Sections 402/403
- Economic Analysis of Toxic Substances Control Act Section 403: Hazard Standards (PDF) (207 pp, 1MB)
- Risk Analysis to Support Standards for Lead in Paint, Dust, and Soil, June 1998 (EPA 747-R-97-006)
- Risk Analysis to Support Standards for Lead in Paint, Dust, and Soil: Supplemental Report, December 2000 (EPA 747-R-00-004)
- Response to Comments (PDF) (188 pp, 373K)
- Fact Sheet: Identifying Lead Hazards in Residential Properties - April 2001 (PDF) (2 pp, 221K)
Proposed Rules and Other Notices