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Applying the Concept of Effective Data to Environmental Analyses for Contaminated Sites
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Analytical chemistry methods can be classified as 'definitive methods' or 'screening methods.' Environmental decision-makers frequently assume that definitive analytical methods generate 'definitive data,' while screening methods generate 'screening data.' This is misleading. Adopting the concept of 'effective data' could promote cost-savings while ensuring more reliable site decisions, because it recognizes that the information value of data depends on the interaction between sampling design, analytical design, and the intended use of the data.


Bibliography for Innovative Site Clean-Up Technologies, August 1999 Update
Order EPA 542-B-99-004
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Provides information about EPA publications, programs, and resources dealing with innovative site clean-up technologies. August 1999 Update.


Brownfields Technology Primer: Vapor Intrusion Considerations for Redevelopment
Order EPA 542-R-08-001
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This primer is designed for land revitalization stakeholders concerned about vapor intrusion, including property owners, municipalities, and real estate developers. It provides an overview of the vapor intrusion issue and how it can affect redevelopment. It also summarizes techniques for quickly and cost effectively assessing the potential for vapor intrusion, as well as techniques for mitigating it. The topics covered will familiarize stakeholders with options for addressing vapor intrusion to help them communicate with their project contractors and consultants.


Case Study of the Triad Approach: Expedited Characterization of Petroleum Constituents and PCBs Using Test Kits and a Mobile Chromatography Laboratory at the Former Cos Cob Power Plant Site
Order EPA 542-R-04-008
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This case study was prepared by the Brownfields Technology Support Center (BTSC), within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation (OSRTI). The case study was developed as part of EPA's ongoing initiative to promote the use of an integrated Triad approach to limit decision uncertainty at hazardous waste sites through the use of sound science. The Triad approach, which consists of systematic planning, dynamic work strategies, and real-time measurement technologies that include field-based analyses, is being promoted by OSRTI and its partners as a viable method for streamlining site investigations.


Characterization of Mine Leachates and the Development of a Ground-Water Monitoring Strategy for Mine Sites
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The objective of this research project was to develop a better understanding of the composition of mine waste leachates and to identify cost effective ground-water monitoring parameters that could be incorporated into a monitoring strategy to reliably detect the migration of contaminants from hard rock mining operations.


Clarifying DQO Terminology Usage to Support Modernization of Site Cleanup Practice
Order EPA 542-R-01-014
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Systematic planning is critical to the successful implementation of hazardous site characterization and cleanup projects. EPA's 'DQO process' has been around for many years, and 'DQO' terminology is used extensively. Unfortunately, over the years the terminology has been used in ambiguous or contradictory ways, and this has resulted in confusion about what terms mean and how they are to be understood. This paper seeks to clarify the relationship between DQO-related terms as descriptively and concretely as possible.


Cost and Performance Report for LNAPL Characterization and Remediation: Partition Interwell Tracer Testing (PITT) and Rapid Optical Screening Tool (ROSTTM) Characterization and Evaluation of the Feasibility of Surfactant Enhanced Aquifer Remediation (SEAR) at the Chevron Cincinnati Facility, Hooven, OH
Order EPA 542-R-05-017
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This case study summarizes the characterization studies and technology evaluation of surfactant enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR) conducted for LNAPL at the Chevron Cincinnati Facility in Hooven, OH. This report summarizes the evaluation of the use of SEAR as a potential innovative and aggressive technology to treat LNAPL at this site.


Dexsil L2000 PCB/Chloride Analyzer for Drum Surfaces
Order EPA 542-R-99-003
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This case study is one of a series designed to provide cost and performance information for innovative tools that support less costly and more representative site characterization. These case studies will include reports on new technologies as well as novel applications of familiar tools or processes.


Demonstrations of Method Applicability under a Triad Approach for Site Assessment and Cleanup - Technology Bulletin
Order EPA 542-F-08-006
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Demonstrations of Method Applicability (DMA) are a key component of using real-time measurement technologies and are presented in this bulletin through: answers to frequently asked questions on key aspects of DMAs, examples of DMAs performed at hazardous waste sites, and sources of additional information for communities and project teams that desire to implement DMAs and the Triad approach.


Demonstration of Two Long-Term Groundwater Monitoring Optimization Approaches
Order Report Without Appendices EPA 542-R-04-001a
Order Report With Appendices EPA 542-R-04-001b
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This report summarize the results of a demonstration of optimization methods to improve the design of long-term groundwater monitoring programs. The report discusses the results of application of two different long-term groundwater monitoring optimization (LTMO) methods including:

The Monitoring and Remediation Optimization System (MAROS) software tool; and
The Three-Tiered Monitoring Network Optimization (MNO) approach.

The two methods were applied at three different sites (the Fort Lewis Logistics Center, the Long Prairie Groundwater Contamination Superfund site, and Operable Unit D at McClellan Air Force Base). The primary goals of this demonstration project were to highlight current strategies for applying optimization techniques to existing long-term monitoring programs, and to assist site managers in understanding the potential benefits associated with monitoring program optimization.


Directory of Technical Assistance for Land Revitalization
Order EPA 542-B-03-001
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This directory includes information about the different types of support available to help with site assessment and cleanup, including technical support and funding sources.

Directory of Technology Support Services to Brownfields Localities
Order EPA 542-B-99-005
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This directory provides information about EPA offices, nongovernment organizations funded by EPA, and other federal agencies, that may be able to provide expertise to assist in the selection of technologies to characterize and clean up brownfields properties.

A Dynamic Site Investigation: Adaptive Sampling and Analysis Program for Operable Unit 1 at Hanscom Air Force Base, Bedford, Massachusetts.
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In this report, results of the dynamic site investigation and field method performance are presented. In this study, field analytical instrumentation and methods were used to support a risk assessment study at the airfield at Hanscom Air Force Base (HAFB, Bedford, Massachusetts).

ECO Update/Ground Water Forum Issue Paper: Evaluating Ground-Water/Surface-Water Transition Zones in Ecological Risk Assessments
Order EPA 540-R-06-072
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This document highlights the need to treat the discharge of groundwater to surface-water not as a two-dimensional area with static boundary conditions, but as three-dimensional volumes with dynamic transition zones. This ECO Update applies equally to recharge zones and can be used to evaluate advancing plumes that have not yet reached the transition zone. This document encourages project managers, ecological risk assessors, and hydrogeologists to expand their focus beyond shoreline wells and surface sediments and define and characterize the actual fate of contaminants as they move from a strictly ground-water environment (i.e., the commonly used 'upland monitoring well nearest the shoreline') through the transition zone and into a wholly surface-water environment. The approach is presented to help users identify and evaluate potential exposures and effects to relevant ecological receptors within the zone where ground-water and surface-water mix. The transition zone data collected for the ERA may also supplement data collected for the evaluation of potential human health risks associated with the discharge of contaminated ground-water. Should ground-water remediation be warranted (as a result of the risk assessment), the locational, geochemical, and biological aspects of the transition zone can be considered when identifying and evaluating remedial options.

Emerging Contaminant Fact Sheets
An "emerging contaminant" is a chemical or material that is characterized by a perceived, potential, or real threat to human health or the environment or a lack of published health standards. A contaminant may also be "emerging" because a new source or a new pathway to humans has been discovered or a new detection method or treatment technology has been developed. These fact sheets, developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Office (FFRRO), provides brief summaries for emerging contaminants.


Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Program: Site Characterization and Monitoring Technologies Center
Order EPA 542-F-00-018
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The ETV Site Characterization and Monitoring Technology Pilot is composed of EPA, DoD, DOE, other Federal agencies, state regulators, technology evaluation and verification entities, and potential end users of these technologies to facilitate independent and expert verification of site characterization technology performance. The Pilot was created to increase the use of new site characterization, monitoring, and measuring technologies at clean-up sites.


EPA REACH IT
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EPA created the REACH IT System to compile and share information on treatment and characterization technologies for a range of contaminant types and media. Over time, this system was populated with information on over 500 remediation technologies and 260 characterization technologies. With the evolution of on-line search services and engines and the development of a range of other resources on technologies and vendors coupled with resource limitations, EPA discontinued the on-line REACH IT System in 2006. Upon discontinuation of the EPA REACH IT System, a fully searchable database is no longer available. However, limited technology vendor information is preserved through this website in the form of two vendor summary lists. For information on adding, updating, or removing a vendor listing, please contact Jean Balent, balent.jean@epa.gov or 703-603-9924.

Technology Vendors are encouraged to use the CLU-IN Vendor and Developer Support area as a resource for other methods to promote their tools.


Evaluation of Selected Environmental Decision Support Software
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The objective of this project is to evaluate different DSS in terms of their capabilities and limitations. The first phase of this project was the subject of a previous report which identified existing DSS developed by DOE, other government agencies, and private industry, collected information on their capabilities, identified issues in the implementation of DSS packages, and recommended more detailed evaluation of DSS code packages that might be useful to the DOE.


ETV Site Characterization and Monitoring Technology Pilot: Technology Verification Statements
View, download, or order from the Index of Verification Statements.
The ETV Site Characterization and Monitoring Technology Pilot releases signed verification statements and verification reports summarizing the performance of technologies.

Field Analytical and Site Characterization Technologies - Summary of Applications
Order EPA 542-R-97-011
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This report provides information about experiences in the use of field analytical and site characterization technologies at contaminated sites drawn from 204 technology applications. For each technology, information is presented on the reported uses of the technology; including the types of pollutants and media for which the technology was used; reported advantages and limitations of the technology; and cost data for the technology, when available. Information was obtained from federal and state site managers and from the Vendor Field Analytical and Characterization Technologies System (Vendor FACTS) database.


Field Sampling and Analysis Technologies Matrix and Reference Guide
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This document was prepared for the U.S. Navy and the U.S. EPA. It is intended to provide comparative screening information on analytical and sampling technologies. The goal of the matrix is to ensure that project managers and site stakeholders are aware of the full range of technology options available to them to assess and characterize contamination at their sites.


Ground-Water Sampling Guidelines for Superfund and RCRA Project Managers
Order EPA 542-S-02-001
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This document provides sampling guidelines primarily for ground-water monitoring wells that have a screen or open interval with a length of ten feet or less and which can accept a sampling device. Procedures that minimize disturbance to the aquifer will yield the most representative ground-water samples. This document provides a summary of current and/or recommended ground-water sampling procedures. These guidelines are intended to assist in developing sampling plans using the project-specific goals and objectives. However, unusual and/or site-specific circumstances may require approaches other than those specified in this document. In these instances, the appropriate Regional hydrologists/geologists should be contacted to establish alternative protocols


Geophysical Techniques to Locate DNAPLs: Profiles of Federally Funded Projects
Order EPA 542-R-98-020
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This report is intended to provide a status report for researchers and practitioners on federal projects that are using noninvasive geophysical techniques to locate DNAPLs in the subsurface.

Groundwater Monitoring Network Optimization, Frontier Hard Chrome Superfund Site, Vancouver, Washington
Order EPA 542-R-07-021
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This report reviews and provides recommendations for instituting a long-term groundwater monitoring network for Frontier Hard Chrome (FHC) Superfund Site in Vancouver, Washington. The FHC Site is a former chrome plating facility in the floodplain of the Colombia River. The current FHC groundwater monitoring network has been evaluated using a formal qualitative approach as well as statistical tools found in the Monitoring and Remediation Optimization System software (MAROS). Recommendations are made for groundwater sampling frequency and location based on current hydrogeologic conditions and long-term monitoring goals for the system. The primary goal of developing an optimized groundwater monitoring strategy at the FHC Site is to create a dataset that fully supports site management decisions while minimizing time and expense associated with collecting and interpreting data.

Guidance for Monitoring at Hazardous Waste Sites: Framework for Monitoring Plan Development and Implementation
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More Information on the One Cleanup Program
This guidance document presents a framework for developing and implementing technically defensible Monitoring Plans for hazardous waste sites. In support of the One Hazardous Waste Cleanup Program, this document was written in direct response to, and for, site managers who are legally responsible for managing removal and remedial site activities. It is intended for use at hazardous waste sites that have completed site characterization, risk assessment, and remedy selection and are in the process of implementing a removal action or site mitigation.

Guidance for Obtaining Representative Laboratory Analytical Subsamples from Particulate Laboratory Samples
Order EPA 600-R-03-027
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This guidance provides education and instruction for managing a potential weakness in environmental data quality for solid materials. Representative data are the foundation of correct decisions and effective remedial designs. This document shows how analytical subsampling is a crucial link for representative samples. It defines 'sample representativeness' in terms of the population of interest to the decision, which may or may not be based on a bulk average. Examples show how careless subsampling can severely bias analytical results.


A Guideline for Dynamic Workplans and Field Analytics: The Keys to Cost-Effective Site Characterization and Cleanup.
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A number of governmental, academic, and private sector organizations have articulated innovative strategies for performing hazardous site characterization and remediation in a more efficient and cost-effective manner. Certain basic elements are common to all these strategies, and the cost-effectiveness and practicality of this approach has been demonstrated in a number of settings. This document was prepared by Tufts University in cooperation with U.S. EPA Region 1, and funded under President Clinton's Environmental Technology Initiative.


Improving Decision Quality: Making the Case for Adopting Next-Generation Site Characterization Practices
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For the site cleanup industry to continue technical advancement, over-simplified paradigms must give way to next-generation models that are built on current scientific understanding. If reuse programs such as Brownfields are to thrive, the scientific defensibility of individual projects must be maintained at the same time as characterization and cleanup costs are lowered. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) offers the Triad Approach as an alternative paradigm to foster highly defensible, yet extremely cost-effective reuse decisions.


Improving Sampling, Analysis, and Data Management for Site Investigation and Cleanup
Order EPA 542-F-04-001a
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The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) supports the adoption of streamlined approaches to sampling, analysis, and data management activities conducted during site assessment, characterization, and cleanup. This position reflects the growing trend towards using smarter, faster, and better technologies and work strategies. EPA is coordinating with other Federal and State agencies to educate regulators, practitioners, site owners, and others involved in site cleanup decisions about the benefits of a streamlined approach. Ultimately, EPA expects to institutionalize these newer approaches and anticipates that the principles will guide the way data are collected and analyzed for future site cleanup decisions.


Initiatives to Develop Web Sites Including Information about Brownfields Properties
Order EPA 542-R-01-017
View Report and Web Site Exit disclaimer
Download Full Report (44K/13pp/PDF)
Download Appendix A: Approach to the Study (8K/3pp/PDF)
Download Appendix B: Report on State Initiatives to Develop Site Exchange Web Sites (32K/6pp/PDF)
Download Appendix C: Comparison of Items of Information from Current Web Sites (as of December 2000) (76K/8pp/PDF)
Download Appendix E: Sample Functional Requirements Document for Web Sites Including Information about Brownfields Properties (360K/15pp/PDF)
This web site was created to assist in planning, designing, and operating web sites that include information about individual brownfields properties. The report is of value to parties designing or managing such sites. Their target audiences could include owners of brownfields properties, purchasers, and non-profit organizations, as well as cleanup technology vendors, and other service providers. The 'Initiatives' web site is based on a study conducted by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2000.


Innovations in Site Characterization Case Study: Hanscom Air Force Base, Operable Unit 1
Order EPA 542-R-98-006
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This document is a condensation of the information provided in the much more detailed Hanscom AFB Report entitled A Dynamic Site Investigation: Adaptive Sampling and Analysis Program for Operable Unit 1 at Hanscom Air Force Base, Bedford, Massachusetts.


Innovations in Site Characterization Case Study: The Role of a Conceptual Site Model for Expedited Site Characterization Using the Triad Approach at the Poudre River Site, Fort Collins, Colorado
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This case study examines how systematic planning, an evolving conceptual site model (CSM), dynamic work strategies, and real time measurement technologies can be used to unravel complex contaminant distribution patterns and design a remedy at the Cache La Poudre (Poudre) River site. The investigation and design of the remedy involved a former burn landfill, hydrocarbon fuel contamination, and mobile manufactured gas plant (MGP) coal tar waste. The remedy was driven by recreational reuse and proximity to the Poudre River. The remedy involved pathway elimination and stream restoration in a location central to the City of Fort Collins, Colorado.


Innovations in Site Characterization Case Study: Site Cleanup of the Wenatchee Tree Fruit Test Plot Site Using a Dynamic Work Plan
Order EPA 542-R-00-009
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The Wenatchee Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center site contained soils contaminated with organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides, and other pesticides due to agriculture-related research activities conducted from 1966 until the mid-1980s. The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers used a dynamic work plan guided by field analyses to seamlessly integrate the site characterization and cleanup portions of the project. Characterization, excavation, and segregation of contaminated soil was based on the results of immunoassay (IA) test kits for DDT and cyclodiene pesticides. An initial pilot test and then continuing evaluation of data comparability between the IA methods and fixed laboratory pesticide results allowed the USACE team to develop site-specific IA kit action levels that guided on-site decision-making. Characterization, cleanup, and closure was accomplished within a single 4-month field mobilization, and the entire project cost ($589K) was about half the cost ($1.2 million) estimated according to a more traditional site characterization and remediation scenario relying on multiple rounds of field mobilization, sampling, sample shipment, laboratory analysis, and data assessment


Innovations In Site Characterization: Geophysical Investigation at Hazardous Waste Sites
Order EPA 542-R-00-003
Download Part 1 (3.0MB/164pp/PDF)
Download Part 2 (2.2MB/28pp/PDF)
This compendium describes a number of geophysical technologies and methods that were used at 11 sites with significantly different geological settings and types of subsurface contamination, ranging from relatively homogeneous stratigraphy to the highly heterogeneous mix of sand and clay layers. The types of contamination fell primarily into three broad groups: chlorinated solvents, petroleum-related compounds, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons.


Innovations in Site Characterization: Interim Guide to Preparing Case Studies
Order EPA 542-B-98-009
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Cost-effective cleanup (remediation) of hazardous waste sites cannot occur unless the type, quantities, and locations of chemical contaminants present at the site are adequately determined by a process called characterization. This guide is intended to assist in the preparation of Site Characterization Case Study Reports.


Innovations in Site Characterization Technology Evaluation: Real-time VOC Analysis Using a Field Portable GC/MS
Order EPA 542-R-01-011
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This technology evaluation report describes deployment of the HAPSITE GC/MS by an analytical service provider to produce low-cost, real-time VOC data in the field using EPA Method 8260. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) used the data to make real-time decisions concerning borings placement and long-term monitoring wells installation within a single field mobilization of 3 weeks. The USACE estimated they saved $27,000 (26% of total projected costs) and 4 days of field time over project costs that would have been incurred if fixed laboratory analyses had been used. The report includes a summary of the QA/QC protocol used and project-specific analytical performance.


Innovative Technology Evaluation Report: Clor-N-Soil PCB Test Kit, Dexsil Corp.
Order EPA 540-R-95-518
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(Please note that figures are missing from the electronic version of this document)
This report presents the evaluation of two field screening technologies for determining polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination in soil.


Innovative Technology Evaluation Report: EnviroGard PCB Test Kit, Millipore, Inc.
Order EPA 540-R-95-517
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(Please note that figures are missing from the electronic version of this document)
This report describes the demonstration and evaluation of an immunoassay field screening technology designed to determine polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination in soil.


Innovative Technology Evaluation Report: Field Analytical Screening Program: PCP Method.
Order EPA 540-R-95-528
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(Please note that figures are missing from the electronic version of this document)
This report presents information on the demonstration of the U.S. EPA Region 7 Superfund Field Analytical Screening Program (FASP) method for determining pentachlorophenol (PCP) contamination in soil and water.


Innovative Technology Evaluation Report: PCP Immunoassay Technologies.
Order EPA 540-R-95-514
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(Please note that figures are missing from the electronic version of this document)
This report describes the demonstration and evaluation of three immunoassay field screening technologies designed to determine pentachlrophenol (PCP) contamination in soil and water.


Long-Term Groundwater Monitoring Optimization, Clare Water Supply Superfund Site, Permeable Reactive Barrier and Soil Remedy Areas, Clare, Michigan
Order EPA 542-R-07-010
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This report contains a review of the long-term groundwater monitoring network for the Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) and Soil Remedy Areas at the Clare Water Supply Superfund Site in Clare, Michigan. The current monitoring network in each area was evaluated using a formal qualitative approach and statistical tools found in the Monitoring and Remediation Optimization System software (MAROS). The report also contains recommendations for the groundwater monitoring networks based the results of these qualitative and quantitative evaluations.


Long-Term Groundwater Monitoring Optimization, Clare Water Supply Superfund Site, StageRight Area, Clare, Michigan
Order EPA 542-R-07-009
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This report contains a review of the long-term groundwater monitoring network for the StageRight (former Welltronics) Facility area near the Clare Public Water Supply, Clare Michigan. The current monitoring network was evaluated in September 2006 prior to activation of a new municipal well using a formal qualitative approach and statistical tools found in the Monitoring and Remediation Optimization System software (MAROS). The goal of the groundwater monitoring program is to track changes in concentrations of priority chlorinated constituents that may affect the drinking water remediation system used to treat the public water supply. The report includes recommendations for groundwater sample frequency and location based on current hydrogeologic, pumping, and contaminant conditions.


Long-Term Groundwater Monitoring Optimization, Newark, Muscoy, and Source Operable Units, Newmark Superfund Sites, San Bernardino, California
Order EPA 542-R-07-015
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This report contains a review of the groundwater monitoring network for Newmark Superfund Site in San Bernardino, California (Newmark Site). The Site consists of the Source, Newmark and Muscoy operable units (OUs). The current groundwater monitoring network has been evaluated using a formal qualitative approach as well as statistical tools found in the Monitoring and Remediation Optimization System software (MAROS). Recommendations are made for groundwater sampling frequency and location based on current hydrogeologic conditions and long-term monitoring goals for the system. The report evaluates the monitoring system using analytical and hydrogeologic data from sampling events conducted between May 1987 and January 2007.


Long-Term Groundwater Monitoring Optimization, Taylor Road Landfill Superfund Site, Seffner, Hillsborough County, Florida
Order EPA 542-R-07-016
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This report reviews and provides recommendations for improving the groundwater monitoring network for Taylor Road Landfill Superfund Site in Seffner, Hillsborough County, Florida (Taylor Road Site). The current groundwater monitoring network has been evaluated using a formal qualitative approach as well as using statistical tools found in the Monitoring and Remediation Optimization System software (MAROS). Recommendations are made for groundwater sampling frequency and location based on current hydrogeologic conditions and long-term monitoring (LTM) goals for the system. The recommendations presented below are based on a technical review; balancing both the statistical results with goals of the monitoring system and site management decisions. The recommendations may not reflect the current regulatory requirements. The following report evaluates the monitoring system using analytical and hydrogeologic data from sampling events conducted between January 1995 and April 2007.


Management and Interpretation of Data Under a Triad Approach - Technology Bulletin
Order EPA 542-F-07-001
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The Brownfields and Land Revitalization Technology Support Center (BTSC) created this bulletin to focus on implementing a data management program for a Triad project. It includes a brief introduction to the Triad approach, answers to frequently asked questions about data management on Triad projects, three examples of data management with state agencies as the primary regulatory body, and sources of additional information for project teams and stakeholders who develop or provide input on a data management.


Monitoring Arsenic in the Environment: A Review of Science and Technologies for Field Measurements and Sensors
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This report from EPA's Technology Innovation Program reviews field assays and other technologies with the potential to measure and monitor arsenic in the environment. The strengths and weaknesses of the various assays are discussed with respect to their sensitivity, ability to detect the chemical states of arsenic, performance in various media, potential interferences, and ease of operation. The report relies mainly on government documents and the published literature.


The Relationship between SW-846, PBMS, and Innovative Analytical Technologies
Order EPA 542-R-01-015
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This paper explains EPA's position regarding testing methods used within waste programs, documentation of EPA's position, the reasoning behind EPA's position, and the relationship between analytical method regulatory flexibility and the use of on-site measurements (also termed 'field analytical methods') to improve the cost-effectiveness of contaminated site cleanups.


Roadmap to Long-Term Monitoring Optimization
Order EPA 542-R-05-003
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The primary goals of this Roadmap are to assist site managers in: understanding the steps involved in conducting a long-term monitoring optimization (LTMO), determining whether a monitoring program could benefit from a LTMO assessment, identifying potential strategies for applying optimization techniques and evaluating which are appropriate for a program, and accessing more information and resources about LTMO tools, methods, and approaches. This roadmap focuses on optimization of established long-term monitoring programs for groundwater. Tools and techniques discussed concentrate on methods for optimizing the monitoring frequency and spatial (three-dimensional) distribution of wells (i.e., physical program optimization). The LTMO techniques discussed here can be described as qualitative or quantitative or some combination of these techniques.


Resources for Strategic Site Investigation and Monitoring
Order EPA 542-F-01-030b
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The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in concert with other federal agencies and state organizations, is accelerating the development of policies and information to support Strategic Investigation and Monitoring activities at hazardous waste sites. These efforts are meant to assist site decision makers as they transition to newer, streamlined approaches. The educational, training, and guidance resources described in this fact sheet either already exist or are under development to support project managers seeking to apply these approaches.


A Review of Emerging Sensor Technologies for Facilitating Long-Term Ground Water Monitoring of Volatile Organic Compounds
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This report summarizes the status of emerging sensor technologies for facilitating long-term ground water monitoring for a class of contaminants called volatile organic compounds (VOCs). It also describes a number of factors, including regulatory acceptance and cost-effectiveness, that influence the applicability of these technologies. The focus is on long-term ground water monitoring that is generally associated with a selected remedy, such as monitored natural attenuation or pump and treat.


Road Map to Understanding Innovative Technology Options for Brownfields Investigation and Cleanup, Fourth Edition
Order EPA 542-B-05-001
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The Road Map provides a general outline of the steps in the investigation and cleanup of a site slated for redevelopment and introduces brownfields stakeholders to the range of innovative technology options and resources available to them. The Road Map provides valuable information for a wide range of stakeholders involved in or affected by redevelopment of brownfields sites, whether through public projects, private developments, or public-private partnerships. The Fourth Edition has been expanded significantly to include new and updated resources and supplemental information.

Rutas a Tecnologías para Investigación y Limpieza de Terrenos Contaminados
Order EPA 542-B-02-001
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Rutas fue creado para una amplia gama de usuarios como ayuda a partes interesadas en recuperar terrenos contaminados para facilitar su reutilización. Rutas ayuda a identificar y seleccionar tecnologías innovadoras en cada uno de los pasos de la recuperación de terrenos contaminados -- evaluación, investigación, estudio de opciones de recuperación y su diseño e implementación. Cada una de sus secciones identifica qué preguntas sueln surgir y qué información existe para ayudar a contestarlas y tomar la mejor decisión para cada sitio. Los apéndices incluyen, entre otras cosas, una lista de los contaminantes más comunes encontrados en terrenos contaminados típicos y las tecnologías cuyo uso puede resultar más apropiado, una guía detallada de los términos y un glosario de términos técnicos en español e inglés

Quality Assurance Guidance for Conducting Brownfields Site Assessments
Order EPA 540-R-98-038
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This guidance document servers to inform Brownfields site managers of important quality assurance concepts and issues, and provides a road map for identifying the typoe and quality environment data needed to present a clear picture of the site's environmental conditions.

A Resource for MGP Site Characterization and Remediation: Expedited Site Characterization and Source Remediation at Former Manufactured Gas Plant Sites
Order EPA 542-R-00-005
Download Part 1 (4.1MB/103pp/PDF)
Download Part 2 (3.6MB/44pp/PDF)
Download Part 3 (2.2MB/74pp/PDF)
This document was prepared by the USEPA to provide current information on useful approaches and tools being applied at former MGP sites to the regulators and utilities characterizing and remediating these sites. The document outlines site management strategies and field tools for expediting site characterization at MGP sites; presents a summary of existing technologies for remediating MGP wastes in soils; provides sufficient information on the benefits, limitations, and costs of each technology, tool, or strategy for comparison and evaluation; and provides, by way of case studies, examples of the ways these tools and strategies can be implemented at MGP sites.

Site Characterization Technologies for DNAPL Investigations
Order EPA 542-R-04-017
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The U.S. EPA has compiled this summary of information on the current state of technologies available for locating and characterizing dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contaminated sites. This document is intended to help managers at sites with potential or confirmed DNAPL contamination identify suitable characterization technologies, screen the technologies for potential application, learn about applications at similar sites, and locate additional information on these technologies.

The State-of-the Practice of Characterization and Remediation of Contaminated Ground Water at Fractured Rock Sites
Order EPA 542-R-01-010
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This report provides an analysis of the information provided during a workshop at Providence, RI, on November 8-9, 2000 and the Fractured Rock 2001 International Conference at Toronto on March 26-28, 2001. It is intended to provide: 1) a base line of the state-of-the-practice to help measure trends and directions, 2) a comprehensive view of remediation efforts to local, state and regional practitioners, and 3) suggestions of high priority needs of characterization and remediation to research and development laboratories.

Subsurface Remediation: Improving Long-Term Monitoring and Remedial Systems Performance Conference Proceedings
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This document summarizes the presentations and workshops of a conference on improving long-term monitoring (LTM) and remedial systems performance that was held in St. Louis, Missouri between June 8th to 11th, 1999. The conference was sponsored and developed by the Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable. The conference was designed to provide up-to-date information on LTM and systems optimization through presentations and topical workshops.

Summary of Recent Improvements in Methods for the Study of Contaminated and Potentially Contaminated Sites
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The Triad approach is built from the experiences and successes of seasoned field practitioners. Since the 1980s, there have been on-going experimentation with various strategies to speed up site characterization and remediation processes. A review of these strategies was prepared for EPA in 1997. The Triad approach embraces and builds upon these efforts.

Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Technology Profiles - Ninth Edition.
Order EPA 540-R-97-502
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(SITE Home Page)
This document, prepared between August 1996 and December 1996, is intended as a reference guide for those interested in technologies participating in the SITE Demonstration, Emerging Technology, and Characterization and Monitoring Programs. The two-page profiles are organized into two sections for each program, completed and ongoing projects, and are presented in alphabetical order by developer name.

Survey of Technologies for Monitoring Containment Liners and Covers
Order EPA 542-R-04-013
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The report provides information on innovative long-term monitoring technologies to detect contaminant releases beneath a liner containment system and identify potential problems with the integrity of final containment covers. Several of the technologies were specifically intended for vadose zone containment monitoring, while others were designed for leak detection or moisture measurements in other industries (petroleum, chemical, agricultural, geological exploration). The report summarizes available information on these technologies and provides examples of where the technology has been used. Information in the report can be used to provide some preliminary assessment on the applicability of these technologies.

Understanding Procurement for Sampling and Analytical Services Under a Triad Approach
Order EPA 542-R-05-022
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The EPA Brownfields and Land Revitalization Technology Support Center (BTSC) has prepared this document to highlight methods and strategies that have been successfully used to procure services under a Triad framework. The document includes examples and lessons learned from actual Triad projects implemented in the federal, state, local, and private sector arenas.

Use of Dynamic Work Strategies Under a Triad Approach for Site Assessment and Cleanup - Technology Bulletin
Order EPA 542-F-05-008
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The EPA Brownfields and Land Revitalization Technology Support Center (BTSC) is preparing a series of technical bulletins to provide additional information about how to implement specific aspects of the Triad approach. This bulletin focuses on planning and implementation of DWSs, presenting: answers to frequently asked questions on implementing a DWS; summaries of the application of DWS at two redevelopment sites, including: Former Cos Cob Power Plant, Greenwich, CT and Assunpink Creek Greenway, Trenton, NJ; and sources of additional information for communities and project teams desiring to implement a DWS and the Triad approach.

Using the Triad Approach to Improve the Cost-effectiveness of Hazardous Waste Site Cleanups
Order EPA 542-R-01-016
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U.S. EPA's Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response is promoting more effective strategies for characterizing, monitoring, and cleaning up hazardous waste sites. In particular, a paradigm based on using an integrated triad of systematic planning, dynamic work plans, and real-time measurement technologies is encouraged. A central theme of the triad approach is a clear focus on overall decision quality as the overarching goal of project quality assurance, requiring careful identification and management of potential causes for errors in decision-making (i.e., sources of uncertainty).

Using the Triad Approach to Streamline Brownfields Site Assessment and Cleanup
Order EPA 542-B-03-002
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EPA's Brownfields Technology Support Center (BTSC) has prepared this document to provide an educational tool for site owners, project managers, and regulators to help streamline assessment and cleanup activities at brownfields sites. Strategies that reduce costs, decrease time frames, and positively affect regulatory and community acceptance also can improve the economics of redevelopment at brownfields sites. Increased attention to brownfields sites and the manner in which they are redeveloped places greater importance on the approach to site cleanup. This primer is one in a series that will address specific cleanup issues.

Vapor Intrusion and Ambient Air Study Final Results Report: Armen Cleaners, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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This report summarizes data collection and results from an investigation at the Armen Cleaners site in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The primary focus of the investigation was to identify issues related to vapor intrusion. This report further provides suggestions and information on data utility, additional data needs, risk assessment, and remedial action for the site. The evaluations and suggestions presented in this report have been developed in accordance with the Triad approach to site characterization and remediation that EPA is promoting. The Triad approach stresses the use of systematic planning, real-time measurement technologies, and dynamic work strategies in the field to expedite environmental data collection and increase the weight of evidence generated to support environmental decision-making throughout the project or site life cycle.

Site maintained by: Technology Innovation Program, Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response

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