Herbicide Resistant Weeds

GROUP D/22 RESISTANT PHILADELPHIA FLEABANE (Erigeron philadelphicus)
Japan

Friday, January 16, 2009

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Philadelphia Fleabane

1.	Introduction
2.	Level of Infestation
3.	Quick Statistics
4.	Notes about this biotype
5.	Academic Aspects
6.	R Philadelphia Fleabane Globally
7.	Fact Sheets and Literature
8.	Contributing Weed Scientists
9.	Acknowledgements
10.	Where to now?

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Introduction

Level of Infestation

Philadelphia Fleabane (Erigeron philadelphicus) is a dicot weed in the Asteraceae family. In Japan this weed first evolved resistance to Group D/22 herbicides in 1989 and infests cropland, orchards, railways, and roadsides. Group D/22 herbicides are known as Bipyridiliums (Photosystem-I-electron diversion). Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to paraquat and they may be cross-resistant to other Group D/22 herbicides.

Local weed scientists estimate that Group D/22 resistant Philadelphia Fleabane in Japan infests 501-1000 sites. They also estimate that there are 1001-10000 acres infested with Group D/22 resistant Philadelphia Fleabane.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their mode of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS
Common Name	Philadelphia Fleabane
Species	Erigeron philadelphicus
Group	Bipyridiliums (D/22)
Herbicides	paraquat
Location	Japan
Year	1989
Situation(s)	cropland, orchards, railways, and roadsides
Sites	501-1000
Acres Infested	1001-10000
Contributors	Yasutumi Imai, and Kazuyuki Itoh
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

AREAS FOUND

Yasutumi Imai

Fruits and Mulberry. Found in orchards and on riverbanks.

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GENERAL

Yasutumi Imai

Protoplast resistance determined in the lab.

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Field, Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Philadelphia Fleabane biotype with this Philadelphia Fleabane biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.

Genetics

The genetic basis of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database. If you know anything about the genetic inheritance of this biotype please update the database.

Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database. If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.

Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes. If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group D/22 resistant Philadelphia Fleabane from Japan please update the database.

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HERBICIDE RESISTANT PHILADELPHIA FLEABANE GLOBALLY
#	Country	Year	Sites	Acres	Mode of Action
1.	Japan	1989	501-1000	1001-10000	Bipyridiliums (D/22)

FACT SHEETS AND OTHER LITERATURE	Format
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Scientific Abstracts on Herbicide Resistant Erigeron philadelphicus
Diffusion of paraquat resistant gene by pollen flow in the natural and designed populations of Erigeron philadelphicus L.
Yamaguchi, H., S. Nakai, and H. Watanabe. 1996. Diffusion of paraquat resistant gene by pollen flow in the natural and designed populations of Erigeron philadelphicus L. Weed Research Tokyo. 41: 189-196.
Distribution and control of paraquat-resistant biotypes of Erigeron philadelphicus L. in konnyaku fields in Gunma.
Uchida, S., T. Gunji, J. Shimoyama, Y. Obuchi, K. Fujii, and S. I. Goto. 1990. Distribution and control of paraquat-resistant biotypes of Erigeron philadelphicus L. in konnyaku fields in Gunma. Gunma Journal of Agricultural Research, A, General. 7: 53-58.
Paraquat-resistant biotype of Erigeron sumatrensis RETZ. in mulberry fields in Saitama Prefecture.
Hanioka, Y. 1989. Paraquat-resistant biotype of Erigeron sumatrensis RETZ. in mulberry fields in Saitama Prefecture. Weed Research Tokyo. 34: 210-214.
Studies on the distribution and characteristics of Erigeron philadelphicus L. resistant to paraquat in mulberry fields in Saitama Prefecture.
Hanioka, Y. 1989. Studies on the distribution and characteristics of Erigeron philadelphicus L. resistant to paraquat in mulberry fields in Saitama Prefecture. Weed Research Tokyo. 34: 215-221.
Paraquat-resistant biotype of Youngia japonica (L.) DC. in mulberry fields in Saitama Prefecture.
Hanioka, Y. 1989. Paraquat-resistant biotype of Youngia japonica (L.) DC. in mulberry fields in Saitama Prefecture. Weed Research Tokyo. 34: 163-168.
Distribution of Erigeron philadelphicus L. resistant to paraquat in Ibaraki Prefecture.
Usami, Y., H. Koizumi, H. Saka, and M. Satoh. 1989. Distribution of Erigeron philadelphicus L. resistant to paraquat in Ibaraki Prefecture. Weed Research Tokyo. 34: 57-61.
Paraquat resistance in Erigeron philadephicus L.
Hoh, K. 1988. Paraquat resistance in Erigeron philadephicus L. JARQ Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly. 22: 85-90.
Movement of paraquat in resistant and susceptible biotypes of Erigeron philadelphicus and E. canadensis.
Tanaka, Y., H. Chisaka, and H. Saka. 1986. Movement of paraquat in resistant and susceptible biotypes of Erigeron philadelphicus and E. canadensis. Physiologia Plantarum. 66: 605-608.
Movement of paraquat in resistant and susceptible biotypes of Erigeron philadelphicus and Erigeron canadensis.
Tanaka, Y., H. Chisaka, and H. Saka. 1986. Movement of paraquat in resistant and susceptible biotypes of Erigeron philadelphicus and Erigeron canadensis. Physiol Plant. Copenhagen : Scandinavian Society for Plant Physiology. Apr 1986. 66: 605-608.

CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

YASUTUMI IMAI	Edit
Dow AgroSciences Japan Dow AgroSciences Tokyo Japan

KAZUYUKI ITOH	Edit
National Insti. of Agro-Environmental Sciences (NIAES) Chief, Lab. of Plant Ecology Kannondai, 305 - 8604, Tsukuba Japan Email Kazuyuki Itoh

Acknowledgements

Where to now?

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, the Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Japan have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Yasutumi Imai, and Kazuyuki Itoh for providing detailed information.

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