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See the Data

This page provides current data tables for all the measures in America’s Children and the Environment, including downloadable .csv files (a universal spreadsheet format, which can be opened by most spreadsheet programs).

• Environmental Contaminants
• Body Burdens
• Childhood Illnesses
• Special Features
• Emerging Issues

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Environmental Contaminants

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Table E1: Percentage of children living in counties in which air quality standards were exceeded

1993-1998
Pollutant	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998
Ozone eight-hour standard	53%	58%	58%	56%	54%	62%
PM-10	7.3%	6.8%	12%	3.6%	6.0%	5.0%
Carbon monoxide	6.4%	11%	8.3%	7.8%	5.8%	5.3%
Lead	2.1%	1.7%	1.7%	1.6%	1.7%	1.6%
Sulfur dioxide	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Nitrogen dioxide	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Any standard	55%	59%	60%	57%	55%	63%

1999-2006
Pollution Level	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
Ozone eight-hour standard	62%	60%	60%	60%	58%	41%	55%	53%
PM-10	11%	5.8%	5.9%	9.4%	7.6%	6.7%	6.1%	8.7%
PM-2.5	24%	29%	25%	21%	19%	16%	25%	13%
Carbon monoxide	5.7%	0.72%	0.71%	4.1%	1.0%	0.071%	0.18%	0.49%
Lead	0.69%	1.0%	1.0%	0.075%	0.0095%	0.0%	0.073%	0.074%
Sulfur dioxide	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Nitrogen dioxide	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Any standard	65%	64%	63%	61%	60%	46%	60%	55%

Addendum 1 to Table E1: Percentage of children living in counties in which air quality standards were exceeded, by race/ethnicity, 2006

	All Races/ Ethnicities	White non-Hispanic	Black non-Hispanic	American Indian/Alaska Native non-Hispanic	Asian or Pacific Islander non-Hispanic	Hispanic
Ozone eight-hour standard	53%	44%	59%	34%	67%	69%
PM-10	8.7%	5.7%	7.7%	14%	8.5%	18%
PM-2.5	13%	7.2%	17%	4.4%	16%	25%
Carbon monoxide	0.49%	0.42%	0.82%	0.32%	0.47%	0.47%
Lead	0.074%	0.12%	0.0074%	0.017%	0.012%	0.0058%
Sulfur dioxide	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Nitrogen dioxide	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Any standard	55%	46%	62%	40%	68%	71%

Addendum 2 to Table E1: Percentage of children living in counties in which air quality standards were exceeded, by family income, 2006

	All Incomes	< Poverty Level	100-200% of Poverty Level	> 200% of Poverty Level	≥ Poverty Level
Ozone eight-hour standard	53%	52%	50%	53%	53%
PM-10	8.7%	11%	10%	7.7%	8.3%
PM-2.5	13%	17%	14%	11%	12%
Carbon monoxide	0.49%	0.59%	0.51%	0.46%	0.47%
Lead	0.074%	0.039%	0.064%	0.086%	0.081%
Sulfur dioxide	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Nitrogen dioxide	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Any standard	55%	55%	53%	55%	55%

Table E2: Percentage of children’s days with good, moderate, or unhealthy air quality

1993-1998
Pollution Level	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998
Good	54%	54%	55%	57%	57%	56%
Moderate	12%	12%	11%	10%	10%	12%
Unhealthy	3.6%	3.6%	4.0%	2.9%	2.6%	3.2%
No Monitoring Data	30%	30%	30%	30%	30%	30%

1996-2006
Pollution Level	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
Good	50%	48%	48%	50%	50%	53%	51%	54%
Moderate	18%	22%	22%	21%	21%	20%	22%	20%
Unhealthy	3.9%	3.4%	4.2%	4.7%	3.6%	2.6%	3.1%	2.6%
No Monitoring Data	28%	26%	26%	25%	25%	24%	24%	24%

Addendum 1 to Table E2: Percentage of children’s days with good, moderate, or unhealthy air quality, by race/ethnicity, 2006

Pollution Level	All Races/ Ethnicities	White non-Hispanic	Black non-Hispanic	American Indian/Alaska Native	Asian or Pacific Islander	Hispanic
Good	54%	52%	54%	46%	63%	55%
Moderate	20%	16%	24%	14%	25%	28%
Unhealthy	2.6%	1.6%	2.1%	2.0%	3.9%	5.4%
No Monitoring Data	24%	30%	20%	38%	8.2%	11%

Addendum 2 to Table E2: Percentage of children’s days with good, moderate, or unhealthy air quality, by family income, 2004

Pollution Level	All Incomes	< Poverty Level	100-200% of Poverty Level	> 200% of Poverty Level	≥ Poverty Level
Good	54%	51%	50%	55%	54%
Moderate	20%	22%	20%	19%	20%
Unhealthy	2.6%	3.2%	2.8%	2.3%	2.4%
No Monitoring Data	24%	24%	27%	23%	24%

Table E3a: Long-term trends in annual average concentrations of criteria pollutants

1993-1997
	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997
PM-10, percent of annual standard	56%	56%	54%	52%	53%
Nitrogen dioxide, percent of annual standard	42%	44%	42%	40%	38%
Sulfur dioxide, percent of annual standard	20%	19%	15%	15%	15%

1998-2002
	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002
PM-10, percent of annual standard	52%	54%	53%	51%	51%
PM-2.5, percent of annual standard	NA	97%	92%	90%	87%
Nitrogen dioxide, percent of annual standard	38%	39%	37%	36%	34%
Sulfur dioxide, percent of annual standard	15%	15%	13%	13%	12%

2003-2006
	2003	2004	2005	2006
PM-10, percent of annual standard	51%	48%	51%	51%
PM-2.5, percent of annual standard	85%	82%	86%	78%
Nitrogen dioxide, percent of annual standard	34%	31%	31%	29%
Sulfur dioxide, percent of annual standard	12%	12%	12%	9.3%

Addendum 1 to Table E3a: Average concentrations of criteria pollutants, by race/ethnicity, 2006

	All Races/ Ethnicities	White non-Hispanic	Black non-Hispanic	American Indian/Alaska Native	Asian or Pacific Islander	Hispanic
PM-10, percent of annual standard	51%	48%	49%	51%	50%	57%
PM-2.5, percent of annual standard	78%	76%	83%	68%	76%	79%
Nitrogen dioxide, percent of annual standard	29%	27%	29%	26%	32%	31%
Sulfur dioxide, percent of annual standard	9.3%	10%	10%	7.9%	9.1%	7.1%

Addendum 2 to Table E3a: Average concentrations of criteria pollutants, by family income, 2006

	All Incomes	< Poverty Level	100-200% of Poverty Level	> 200% of Poverty Level	≥ Poverty Level
PM-10, percent of annual standard	51%	53%	52%	49%	50%
PM-2.5, percent of annual standard	78%	80%	79%	77%	78%
Nitrogen dioxide, percent of annual standard	29%	30%	29%	28%	29%
Sulfur dioxide, percent of annual standard	9.3%	9.5%	8.9%	9.4%	9.3%

Table E3b: Number of children living in counties with high annual averages of criteria pollutants†

1993-1995
	1993	1994	1995
Pollutant	Number of children (thousands)
PM-10
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard	3,943	1,659	3,905
Exceeding the long-term standard	34	474	91
Nitrogen dioxide
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard	0	272	0
Exceeding the long-term standard	0	0	0
Sulfur dioxide
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard	0	0	45
Exceeding the long-term standard	0	0	5

1996-2001
	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Pollutant	Number of children (thousands)
PM-10
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard	2,186	2,356	1,396	2,048	1,763	1,829
Exceeding the long-term standard	57	792	35	684	1,009	211
PM-2.5
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard	NA	NA	NA	30,935	36,008	34,150
Exceeding the long-term standard	NA	NA	NA	18,312	19,680	16,984
Nitrogen dioxide
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard	0	0	0	0	0	0
Exceeding the long-term standard	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sulfur dioxide
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard	0	0	0	0	0	0
Exceeding the long-term standard	0	0	0	0	0	0

2002-2006
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
Pollutant	Number of children (thousands)
PM-10
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard	1,944	1,938	758	1,179	2,179
Exceeding the long-term standard	227	102	46	14	14
PM-2.5
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard	32,446	31,496	27,734	33,384	25,121
Exceeding the long-term standard	12,631	10,911	7,307	14,977	2,534
Nitrogen dioxide
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard	0	0	0	0	0
Exceeding the long-term standard	0	0	0	0	0
Sulfur dioxide
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard	0	0	0	0	0
Exceeding the long-term standard	0	0	0	0	0

Addendum 1 to Table E3b: Number of children living in counties with high annual averages of criteria pollutants, by race/ethnicity, 2006

	All Races/ Ethnicities	White non-Hispanic	Black non-Hispanic	American Indian/Alaska Native	Asian or Pacific Islander	Hispanic
Pollutant	Number of children (thousands)
PM-10
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard	2,179	850	117	33	69	1,110
Exceeding the long-term standard	14	1.3	0.032	0.042	0.047	12
PM-2.5
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard	25,121	11,763	5,713	95	1,286	6,264
Exceeding the long-term standard	2,534	1,037	594	11	113	779
Nitrogen dioxide
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard	0	0	0	0	0	0
Exceeding the long-term standard	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sulfur dioxide
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard	0	0	0	0	0	0
Exceeding the long-term standard	0	0	0	0	0	0

Addendum 2 to Table E3b: Number of children living in counties with high annual averages of criteria pollutants, by family income, 2006

	All Incomes	< Poverty Level	100-200% of Poverty Level	> 200% of Poverty Level	≥ Poverty Level
Pollutant	Number of children (thousands)
PM-10
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard	2,179	445	545	1,189	1,734
Exceeding the long-term standard	14	4.1	4.6	5.0	10
PM-2.5
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard	25,121	4,796	5,330	14,995	20,325
Exceeding the long-term standard	2,534	505	571	1,458	2,029
Nitrogen dioxide
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard	0	0	0	0	0
Exceeding the long-term standard	0	0	0	0	0
Sulfur dioxide
Exceeding 80% of the long-term standard	0	0	0	0	0
Exceeding the long-term standard	0	0	0	0	0

Table E4: Percentage of children living in counties where estimated hazardous air pollutant concentrations were greater than health benchmarks in 1999

Health Benchmark
Cancer, one in 100,000	100%
Cancer, one in 10,000	7.8%
Other health effects	89%

Table E5: Percentage of children ages 6 and under regularly exposed to secondhand smoke in the home

1994	1998	2003
27%	20%	11%

Table E6: Percentage of children served by community water systems that did not meet all applicable health-based drinking water standards

1993-1997
Type of standard violated	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997
Lead and copper†	2.8%	1.8%	2.1%	1.8%	1.9%
Coliforms	8.6%	7.2%	4.1%	4.4%	3.6%
Chemical and radionuclide	1.8%	1.3%	1.8%	1.1%	1.5%
Nitrate/nitrite	0.25%	0.10%	0.23%	0.18%	0.32%
Surface water treatment and filtration	8.0%	6.3%	4.8%	4.3%	4.1%
All health-based violations	20%	15%	12%	11%	10%

1998-2002
Type of standard violated	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002
Lead and copper†	1.7%	1.6%	1.2%	1.1%	0.85%
Coliforms	3.0%	3.2%	3.0%	2.2%	2.6%
Chemical and radionuclide	1.7%	1.2%	1.5%	1.0%	2.0%
Nitrate/nitrite	0.58%	0.24%	0.48%	0.14%	0.53%
Surface water treatment and filtration	3.1%	2.7%	3.5%	1.7%	5.3%
Disinfection byproducts	NA	NA	NA	NA	1.4%
All health-based violations	8.8%	8.2%	8.8%	5.7%	11%

2003-2006
Type of standard violated	2003	2004	2005	2006
Lead and copper†	0.61%	0.88%	0.82%	0.45%
Coliforms	2.9%	3.5%	3.2%	2.7%
Chemical and radionuclide	1.9%	2.2%	2.8%	2.4%
Nitrate/nitrite	0.29%	0.086%	0.10%	0.45%
Surface water treatment and filtration	1.8%	3.8%	4.2%	3.9%
Disinfection byproducts	2.8%	2.4%	2.6%	1.4%
All health-based violations	8.5%	11%	12%	9.7%

Table E7: Percentage of children living in areas served by community water systems with violations of drinking water monitoring and reporting requirements

1993-1997
Type of standard violated	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997
Lead and copper	7.5%	4.2%	3.4%	3.8%	4.3%
Coliforms	2.2%	2.7%	2.3%	1.9%	1.8%
Chemical and radionuclide	7.8%	6.0%	6.4%	4.8%	4.3%
Surface water treatment and filtration	1.9%	1.2%	1.0%	0.68%	0.39%
Any violation	18%	13%	12%	10%	10%

1998-2002
Type of standard violated	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002
Lead and copper	6.2%	6.2%	6.8%	5.8%	5.4%
Coliforms	2.7%	1.8%	2.0%	2.6%	1.6%
Chemical and radionuclide	6.4%	5.9%	5.0%	6.3%	8.9%
Surface water treatment and filtration	0.60%	1.5%	0.81%	0.64%	4.1%
Disinfection byproducts	NA	NA	NA	NA	1.9%
Any violation	15%	14%	13%	14%	20%

2003-2006
Type of standard violated	2003	2004	2005	2006
Lead and copper	5.3%	6.4%	7.1%	6.9%
Coliforms	1.9%	2.9%	2.2%	2.6%
Chemical and radionuclide	8.4%	8.2%	5.6%	5.8%
Surface water treatment and filtration	2.9%	3.1%	4.2%	2.5%
Disinfection byproducts	1.6%	5.2%	5.5%	3.9%
Any violation	17%	17%	19%	16%

Table E8: Percentage of fruits, vegetables and grains, and other food and drink products with detectable residues of organophosphate pesticides

1994-2001
1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
21%	24%	29%	29%	22%	24%	23%	19%

2002-2006
2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
13%	12%	19%	15%	8.3%

Table E9: Percentage of children residing within one mile of a Superfund site

	1990	1992	1994	1996	1998	2000	2002	2004	2006
All Superfund sites not yet cleaned up	1.2%	1.2%	1.3%	1.3%	1.3%	1.3%	1.3%	1.3%	1.8%
All Superfund sites not yet cleaned up or controlled	1.2%	1.1%	1.1%	1.0%	1.0%	0.82%	0.79%	0.76%	0.94%

 

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Body Burdens

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Table B1: Concentrations of lead in blood of children ages 5 and under

	Blood lead concentrations (µg/dL)
	1976-1980	1988-1991	1992-1994	1999-2000	2001-2002	2003-2004
50th percentile	15	3.5	2.6	2.2	1.6	1.6
90th percentile	25	9.4	7.1	4.8	4.2	3.9

Table B2. Median concentrations of lead in blood of children ages 1-5, by race/ethnicity and family income, 2001-2004

	Blood lead concentrations (µg/dL)
Race / Ethnicity	All Incomes	< Poverty Level	100-200% of Poverty Level	> 200% of Poverty Level	≥ Poverty Level	Unknown Income
All Races/Ethnicities	1.6	2.3	1.7	1.3	1.4	1.8
White Non-Hispanic	1.5	2.1	1.6	1.3	1.3	1.5
Black Non-Hispanic	2.5	2.9	2.2	1.9	2.0	2.3
Mexican-American	1.6	2.0	1.6	1.2	1.5	1.9
Other†	1.7	2.3	1.7	1.4	1.4	2.6

Addendum 1 to Table B2. . 90th Percentile concentrations of lead in blood of children ages 1-5, by race/ethnicity and family income, 2001-2004

	Blood lead concentrations (µg/dL)
Race / Ethnicity	All Incomes	< Poverty Level	100-200% of Poverty Level	> 200% of Poverty Level	≥ Poverty Level	Unknown Income
All Races/Ethnicities	4.0	5.4	4.1	2.6	3.2	4.2
White Non-Hispanic	3.5	4.4	4.0	2.4	3.0	NA**
Black Non-Hispanic	6.4	7.5	5.1	4.3	4.8	10.2
Mexican-American	3.5	4.0	3.6	2.7	3.2	2.8
Other†	4.2	6.2	4.3	2.2	2.8	NA**

Table B3: Distribution of concentrations of lead in blood of children ages 1-5, 2001-2004

Blood lead concentrations (µg/dL)
< 1	1-2	2-3	3-4	4-5	5-6	6-7	> 7
17%	44%	21%	8.0%	4.0%	2.0%	2.0%	3.0%

Table B4: Distribution of concentrations of mercury in blood of women of child-bearing age (16-49), 2001-2004

Blood mercury concentrations (parts per billion)
< 1	1-2	2-3	3-4	4-5	5-6	6-7	> 7
56%	25%	9.0%	5.0%	2.0%	1.0%	1.0%	2.0%

Addendum 1 to Table B4. Median concentrations of mercury in blood (ppb) of women of child-bearing age (16-49), by race/ethnicity and family income, 2001-2004

	Median blood mercury concentrations (parts per billion )
Race / Ethnicity	All Incomes	< Poverty Level	100-200% of Poverty Level	> 200% of Poverty Level	≥ Poverty Level	Unknown Income
All Races/Ethnicities	0.8	0.7	0.7	1.0	0.9	0.8
White Non-Hispanic	0.8	0.6	0.5	0.9	0.8	0.9
Black Non-Hispanic	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.3	1.1	1.5
Mexican-American	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.7
Other†	1.1	0.8	0.9	1.5	1.3	0.6*

Addendum 2 to Table B4. 90th percentile concentrations of mercury in blood (ppb) of women of child-bearing age (16-49), by race/ethnicity and family income, 2001-2004

	90th percentile blood mercury concentrations (parts per billion )
Race / Ethnicity	All Incomes	< Poverty Level	100-200% of Poverty Level	> 200% of Poverty Level	≥ Poverty Level	Unknown Income
All Races/Ethnicities	3.1	2.2	2.4	3.6	3.3	3.0
White Non-Hispanic	3.0	1.7	1.9	3.4	3.2	2.8
Black Non-Hispanic	3.2	2.0	3.0	3.5	3.3	NA**
Mexican-American	2.0	1.6	1.8	3.2	2.2	2.3*
Other†	4.4	3.6	4.7	5.7	5.0	NA**

Table B5: Concentrations of cotinine in blood of children

	Serum cotinine concentrations (ng/mL)
	1988-1991	1999-2000	2001-2002	2003-2004	2005-2006
90th percentile	2.2	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.2
50th percentile	0.25	0.11	0.059	0.096	0.047

Addendum 1 to Table B5. Median concentrations of cotinine in blood of children ages 3 to 17, by race/ethnicity and family income, 2003-2006

	Median serum cotinine concentrations (ng/mL)
Race / Ethnicity	All Incomes	< Poverty Level	100-200% of Poverty Level	> 200% of Poverty Level	≥ Poverty Level	Unknown Income
All Races/Ethnicities	0.065	0.24	0.12	0.038	0.052	0.075*
White Non-Hispanic	0.069	0.61	NA**	0.042	0.055	0.087*
Black Non-Hispanic	0.22	0.51	0.21	0.057	0.10	0.15
Mexican-American	0.030	0.039	0.027	0.023	0.025	0.023
Other†	0.046	NA**	NA**	0.030	0.039	NA**

Addendum 2 to Table B5. 90th percentile concentrations of cotinine in blood of children ages 3 to 17, by race/ethnicity and family income, 2003-2006

	90th percentile serum cotinine concentrations (ng/mL)
Race / Ethnicity	All Incomes	< Poverty Level	100-200% of Poverty Level	> 200% of Poverty Level	≥ Poverty Level	Unknown Income
All Races/Ethnicities	1.6	2.8	2.1	0.76	1.2	NA**
White Non-Hispanic	1.8	4.2	2.7	0.88	1.3	NA**
Black Non-Hispanic	2.1	2.7	1.9	0.97	1.4	2.6
Mexican-American	0.35	0.49	0.27*	0.29	0.28	NA**
Other†	1.3	3.2	1.1	NA**	0.61*	NA**

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Childhood Illnesses

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Table D2a: Percentage of children reported to have ever been diagnosed with asthma and having an asthma attack in the past 12 months, by race/ethnicity and family income, 2003 -2006

Race / Ethnicity	All Incomes	< Poverty Level	100-200% of Poverty Level	> 200% of Poverty Level	≥ Poverty Level
All Races/Ethnicities	5.4	6.6	5.4	5.0	5.1
White Non-Hispanic	5.1	6.3	5.4	4.8	4.9
Black or African-American, Non-Hispanic	7.4	9.1	6.7	6.5	6.6
Asian Non-Hispanic	3.7	NA**	NA**	4.3	3.8
Hispanic	4.8	5.0	4.3	5.0	4.7
Other†	8.2	9.3	9.6	7.3	8.0

Table D2b: Percentage of children reported to have current asthma, by race/ethnicity and family income, 2003-2006

Race / Ethnicity	All Incomes	< Poverty Level	100-200% of Poverty Level	> 200% of Poverty Level	≥ Poverty Level
All Races/Ethnicities	8.8	11	8.9	8.1	8.3
White Non-Hispanic	8.1	10	8.6	7.6	7.8
Black or African-American, Non-Hispanic	13	15	12	12	12
Asian Non-Hispanic	5.1	NA**	NA**	5.7	5.1
Hispanic	8.0	8.4	7.3	8.3	7.8
Other†	13	16	14	11	12

Table D3: Children's emergency room visits for asthma and other respiratory causes

1992-1997   Rate per 10,000 children   1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 All asthma and other respiratory causes 369 407 392 357 356 375 Acute upper respiratory infections 222 249 247 227 206 214 Asthma 98 107 105 93 114 112 Acute bronchitis 50 51 41 37 36 49 1998-2005   Rate per 10,000 children   1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 All asthma and other respiratory causes 389 379 399 379 405 433 328 415  Acute upper respiratory infections 219 239 245 234 252 282 182 265  Asthma 124 105 101 92 100 96 103 102  Acute bronchitis 46 35 53 53 53 56 43 48

Table D4: Children's hospital admissions for asthma and other respiratory causes

1980-1985   Rate per 10,000 children   1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 All asthma and other respiratory causes 55 56 55 61 50 57 Acute upper respiratory infections 18 18 13 19 11 14 Acute bronchitis 16 16 17 18 14 17 Asthma 21 22 26 24 26 25 1986-1991   Rate per 10,000 children   1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 All asthma and other respiratory causes 50 52 53 59 55 63 Acute upper respiratory infections 10 13 10 12 8.3 11 Acute bronchitis 13 14 15 19 18 21 Asthma 27 25 29 28 28 31 1992-1997   Rate per 10,000 children   1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 All asthma and other respiratory causes 61 56 54 66 57 67 Acute upper respiratory infections 7.2 9.0 7.1 8.2 5.8 7.6 Acute bronchitis 23 22 20 25 21 27 Asthma 31 26 27 33 30 32 1998-2005   Rate per 10,000 children   1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005  All asthma and other respiratory causes 49 65 63 61 61 62 59 49  Acute upper respiratory infections 5.8 8.2 6.0 6.7 5.7 7.2 5.0 5.9  Acute bronchitis 19 28 28 29 29 24 27 21  Asthma 24 28 30 26 27 31 27 22

Addendum to Table D4: Children's hospital admissions for asthma and other respiratory causes, by race, 2003-2005†

	Rate per 10,000 children
	2003	2004	2005	2003-2005
All	62	59	49	57
White	44	41	36	41
Black	89	84	63	79
American Indian/Alaska Native	NA**	NA**	NA**	23
Asian and Pacific Islander	NA**	29	NA**	19

Table D5: Cancer incidence and mortality for children under 20

1975-1980   Rate per million children   1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Incidence 129 142 142 145 147 143 Mortality 51 51 50 46 46 46 1981-1986   Rate per million children   1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Incidence 140 146 146 156 159 159 Mortality 44 45 43 39 38 38 1987-1992   Rate per million children   1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 Incidence 154 151 166 156 164 160 Mortality 37 36 35 34 34 33 1993-1998   Rate per million children   1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Incidence 161 155 157 161 156 163 Mortality 33 31 30 29 29 27 1999-2005   Rate per million children   1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005  Incidence 156 168 169 172 156  162 172  Mortality 28 28 28 28 27 27 27  Addendum 1 to Table D5: Cancer incidence for children 0-19 by race/ethnicity and gender, 2001-2005   Rate per million children   Male Female All All Races/Ethnicities 178 156 167 White, non-Hispanic 194 169 182 Black, non-Hispanic 125 120 123 American Indian/Alaska Native, non-Hispanic 133 116 124 Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic 144 127 138 Hispanic 174 149 162 Addendum 2 to Table D5. Cancer mortality for children 0-19 by race/ethnicity and gender, 2001-2005.   Rate per million children   Male Female All All Races/Ethnicities 30 24 27 White, non-Hispanic 30 24 27 Black, non-Hispanic 31 24 28 American Indian/Alaska Native, non-Hispanic 30 14 22 Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic 28 20 24 Hispanic 33 26 30 Table D6: Cancer incidence for children under 20 by type   Rate per million children   1976-1980 1981-1985 1986-1990 1991-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 Acute lymphoblastic leukemia 25 28 29 27 30 31 Acute myeloid leukemia 5.5 5.3 5.2 6.6 7.1 7.4 Central nervous system tumors 24 23 30 29 28 29 Hodgkin's lymphoma 14 14 14 13 13 11 Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 6.0 6.7 7.7 7.6 7.6 9.1 Burkitt's lymphoma 1.6 2.5 1.7 2.3 2.5 2.3 Thyroid carcinoma 4.9 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.8 6.1 Malignant melanoma 4.6 3.7 5.3 5.0 5.1 6.6 Other and unspecified carcinomas† 3.9 3.4 3.3 3.8 3.8 3.7 Germ cell tumors 8.7 9.9 9.8 12 10 12 Soft tissue sarcomas 11 11 12 11 13 13 Osteosarcoma 4.0 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.8 4.7 Ewing's sarcoma 2.8 3.6 2.7 3.2 2.7 2.9 Neuroblastoma 7.6 7.8 7.4 8.3 7.8 8.8 Wilms' tumor 6.2 6.5 6.4 6.3 6.7 5.6 Hepatoblastoma 0.73 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.8 1.6 Addendum to Table D6: Cancer incidence rates per million children for malignant cancers by age and type, 2001-2005   Rate per million children   Ages 0-4 Ages 5-9 Ages 10-14 Ages 15-19 Ages 0-19 Acute lymphoblastic leukemia 62 29 19 15 31 Acute myeloid leukemia 9.7 4.3 6.1 9.7 7.4 Central nervous system tumors 40 32 26 20 29 Hodgkin's lymphoma NA** 3.9 9.4 28 11 Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 4.1 6.5 11 15 9.1 Burkitt's lymphoma 0.84* 3.4 2.5 2.5 2.3 Thyroid carcinoma NA** NA** 5.7 18 6.1 Malignant melanoma NA** 1.8 4.6 19 6.6 Other and unspecified carcinomas† NA** NA** 3.1 11 3.7 Germ cell tumors 7.8 1.5 7.5 30 12 Soft-tissue sarcomas 12 6.9 13 19 13 Osteosarcoma NA** 2.4 7.2 8.8 4.7 Ewing's sarcoma NA** 2.1 3.4 5.4 2.9 Neuroblastoma 31 3.7 1.2 NA** 8.8 Wilms' tumor 17 5.0 NA** NA** 5.6 Hepatoblastoma 5.8 NA** NA** NA** 1.6 Table D7: Children reported to have mental retardation by race/ethnicity and family income, 2002-2005 Race / Ethnicity All Incomes < Poverty Level 100- 200% of Poverty Level > 200% of Poverty Level ≥ Poverty Level All Races/ Ethnicities 0.67 1.1 0.68 0.52 0.56 White Non-Hispanic 0.57 1.1 0.67 0.47 0.51 Black or African- American, Non- Hispanic 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.90* 0.99 Asian Non- Hispanic NA** NA** NA** NA** NA** Hispanic 0.67 0.99 0.47 0.55 0.51 Other† 1.0* NA** NA** NA** NA**

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Special Features

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Table S1: Percentage of California public elementary schools with lead paint and some deterioration of paint, 1994-1997

	Schools Built Before 1940	Schools Built 1940-1959	Schools Built 1960-1979	Schools Built 1980-1995	All Schools
Any detectable lead	72.2%	46.3%	20.5%	3.1%	37.4%
≥ 600 ppm	72.2%	46.3%	18.2%	3.1%	36.9%
≥ 5,000 ppm	63.9%	41.8%	13.6%	0%	31.8%

Table S2: Percentage of California public elementary schools with lead in drinking water, 1994-1997

	Schools Built Before 1940	Schools Built 1940-1979	Schools Built 1980-1995	All Schools
Schools with detectable lead in soil	100.0%	94.4%	60.5%	89.0%
Schools with soil lead > 400 ppm	29.7%	2.4%	0.0%	7.0%

Table S3: Percentage of California public elementary schools with lead in drinking water, 1994-1997

	Schools Built Before 1940	Schools Built 1940-1979	Schools Built 1980-1995	All Schools
Schools with detectable lead in drinking water	68.6%	52.4%	42.1%	53.3%
Schools with > 15ppb lead in drinking water	31.4%	16.1%	13.2%	18.3%
Schools with > 15 ppb lead in drinking water at first draw*				15.5%
Schools with > 15 ppb lead in drinking water at second draw*				6.5%

Table S3: Percentage of California public elementary schools with lead in drinking water, 1994-1997

	Schools Built Before 1940	Schools Built 1940-1979	Schools Built 1980-1995	All Schools
Schools with detectable lead in drinking water	68.6%	52.4%	42.1%	53.3%
Schools with > 15ppb lead in drinking water	31.4%	16.1%	13.2%	18.3%
Schools with > 15 ppb lead in drinking water at first draw*				15.5%
Schools with > 15 ppb lead in drinking water at second draw*				6.5%

Table S5: Number of birth defects in California per 1,000 live births and fetal deaths

	1991-1993	1994-1996	1997-1999
Heart defects	1.80	1.98	1.79
Oral cleft defects	1.60	1.67	1.50
Down Syndrome	1.34	1.28	1.28
Intestinal defects	0.73	0.73	0.56
Limb defects	0.46	0.46	0.36

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Emerging Issues

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Table EI1: Number of states with advisories for methylmercury in non-commercial fish

	1995	2000	2004
Freshwater advisories	32	37	44
Coastal and estuarine advisories	7	13	13
Statewide advisories	5	12	21

Table EI2: Percentage of children ages 5-17 reported to have been diagnosed with Attention-Deficit Disorder or Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, by race/ethnicity and family income, 2003-2006

	All Incomes	< Poverty Level	100-200% of Poverty Level	> 200% of Poverty Level	Unknown Income
All races/ethnicities	7.8	8.9	8.1	7.4	7.6
White non-Hispanic	9.0	12	10	8.3	8.7
Black or African-American, non-Hispanic	7.7	10	8.2	5.3	6.5
Asian, non-Hispanic	1.6	NA**	NA**	2.2	1.7
Hispanic	4.9	5.1	4.0	5.4	4.7
Other †	10	13	13	7.8	9.3

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