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General Approach to Care for Children with Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors
Important concepts that should be understood by those treating and caring for a
child who has a brain or spinal cord tumor include the following:
- The cause of most childhood brain tumors remains unknown.[1-3]
- Selection of an appropriate therapy can only occur if the correct
diagnosis is made and the stage of the disease is accurately determined.
- Children with primary brain or spinal cord tumors represent a major therapy challenge that,
for optimal results, requires the coordinated efforts of pediatric specialists
in fields such as neurosurgery, neuropathology,
radiation oncology, pediatric oncology, neuro-oncology, neurology, rehabilitation, neuroradiology, endocrinology, and
psychology, who have special expertise in the care of patients with these
diseases.[4-6] For example, radiation therapy of pediatric brain tumors is technically very demanding and should be carried out in centers that have experience in this area.
- For most childhood brain and spinal cord tumors, the optimal treatment regimen
has not been determined. Children who have brain and spinal cord tumors should be
considered for enrollment in a clinical trial when an appropriate study
is available. Such clinical trials are being carried out by institutions
and cooperative groups.
Many of the improvements in survival in childhood cancer have been made as a result of clinical trials that have attempted to improve on the best accepted therapy available. Information about ongoing clinical trials is available from the NCI
Web site.
- While more than 50% of children diagnosed with brain tumors will survive more than 5
years from diagnosis, survival rates are wide-ranging depending on tumor type and stage. Long-term sequelae related to the initial presence of the tumor and subsequent treatment are common.[7-9] For more information about possible long-term or late effects, refer to the PDQ summary on Late Effects of Treatment for Childhood Cancer.
- Guidelines for pediatric cancer centers and their role in the treatment
of pediatric patients with cancer have been outlined by the American
Academy of Pediatrics.[10]
References
-
Kuijten RR, Bunin GR: Risk factors for childhood brain tumors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 (3): 277-88, 1993 May-Jun.
[PUBMED Abstract]
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Kuijten RR, Strom SS, Rorke LB, et al.: Family history of cancer and seizures in young children with brain tumors: a report from the Childrens Cancer Group (United States and Canada). Cancer Causes Control 4 (5): 455-64, 1993.
[PUBMED Abstract]
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Fisher JL, Schwartzbaum JA, Wrensch M, et al.: Epidemiology of brain tumors. Neurol Clin 25 (4): 867-90, vii, 2007.
[PUBMED Abstract]
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Strother DR, Poplack IF, Fisher PG, et al.: Tumors of the central nervous system. In: Pizzo PA, Poplack DG, eds.: Principles and Practice of Pediatric Oncology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 2002, pp 751-824.
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Pollack IF: Brain tumors in children. N Engl J Med 331 (22): 1500-7, 1994.
[PUBMED Abstract]
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Cohen ME, Duffner PK, eds.: Brain Tumors in Children: Principles of Diagnosis and Treatment. 2nd ed. New York: Raven Press, 1994.
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Ris MD, Packer R, Goldwein J, et al.: Intellectual outcome after reduced-dose radiation therapy plus adjuvant chemotherapy for medulloblastoma: a Children's Cancer Group study. J Clin Oncol 19 (15): 3470-6, 2001.
[PUBMED Abstract]
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Johnson DL, McCabe MA, Nicholson HS, et al.: Quality of long-term survival in young children with medulloblastoma. J Neurosurg 80 (6): 1004-10, 1994.
[PUBMED Abstract]
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Packer RJ, Sutton LN, Goldwein JW, et al.: Improved survival with the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of medulloblastoma. J Neurosurg 74 (3): 433-40, 1991.
[PUBMED Abstract]
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Guidelines for the pediatric cancer center and role of such centers in diagnosis and treatment. American Academy of Pediatrics Section Statement Section on Hematology/Oncology. Pediatrics 99 (1): 139-41, 1997.
[PUBMED Abstract]
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