Specifications
for Paper Enclosures for the Storage of 4x5, 5x7, and 8x10" Photographic
Negatives
Specification Number 100-131-6/27/02
This specification is provided as a public service by the Preservation
Directorate of the Library of Congress. Any commercial reproduction
that implies endorsement of a product, service or materials, in any
publication, is strictly prohibited by law. This Specification is written
for L.C. purchasing purposes and is subject to change when necessary.
I. General Specifications - II.
Product Requirements - III. Inspection
A. Stock Composition
- Pulp:
- Fiber: The paper stock should be made from
rag or other high alpha-cellulose content pulp. It must not contain
any post consumer waste recycled pulp.
- Lignin: The stock must give a negative reading
for lignin as determined by the phloroglucinol test when tested
according to ASTM D 1030, X5 spot stains and shall have a Kappa
number of 5 or less when tested according to TAPPI T 236 cm-85.
- Impurities: The stock must be free of metal
particles, waxes, plasticizers, residual bleach, peroxide, sulfur
(which will be less than 0.0008% reducible sulfur as determined
by TAPPI T 406 om-88), and other components that could lead to
the degradation of the paper and artifacts stored therein.
- Metallic Impurities: Iron must not exceed
150 ppm and copper shall not exceed 6 ppm when tested according
to TAPPI T 266.
- Optical Brighteners: The stock must be free
of optical brightening agents.
- pH:
The paper stock should have a pH of value of 8.0 - 9.5 as determined
by TAPPI T 509 om-88, cold extraction (modified by slurrying sample
pulp before measurement).
- Alkaline Reserve:
The alkaline reserve should be a minimum of 2% and a maximum of 5%
calculated as a CaCO3 when tested according to ASTM 4988-89.
- Sizing:
Only neutral or alkaline sizing shall be used. No alum rosin or rosin
sizing should be used as determined by ASTM D 549-88.
- Photographic Activity Test:
The paper stock must pass the Photographic Activity Test (P.A.T.).
Tests to be conducted and results reported as described in ISO 14523-1999
or latest version. Tests should be performed by Image Permanence Institute
(c/o Rochester Institute of Technology, Frank E. Gannett Memorial
Building, P.O. Box 9887, Rochester, NY 14623-0887. Tel.: 716-475-5199,
FAX: 716-475-7230) or other pre-approved laboratory.
- Folding Endurance:
The paper stock must meet the minimum requirement of 75 double folds
in the machine direction using a 1 kg load. Tests to be conducted
according to the MIT Fold Endurance Test as described by TAPPI T 511
om-88, after conditioning according to TAPPI T 402 om-88.
- Color:
- White, off white or as specified on the purchase order.
- Bleeding: The color must show no bleeding
when soaked in distilled water for 48 hours while held under suitable
weight in contact with white bond paper.
- Retention: The color of the stock on both
sides must not change more than 5 points of brightness as measured
by directional reflectance at 457 nm (TAPPI T 452 om-92), when
exposed 24 hours to a Xenon arc lamp in an Atlas Weatherometer
under the following conditions: Irradiance Level: 1.0 watts/m2
at 420 nm. Inner filter: Borosilicate glass. Outer filter: Clear
soda lime glass. Black panel temperature: 50°C. Wet bulb depression:
8.5°C
- Surface Smoothness
The stock should be smooth, e.g., calendered, hot-rolled, and water
polished so that surface fibers do not offset onto photographic material.
the stock should be free of knots, shives, and other abrasive particles.
The stock should show a smoothness within the range of 175 to 210
Sheffield units, when tested according to TAPPI 538 om-88.
- Thickness
Typical thickness will be 0.006 ± 0.001" unless otherwise specified
on the purchase order.
- Adhesives
The adhesive must not cause the stock to become transparent or alter
the color of the stock. The adhesive must not yellow, discolor, or
fail (causing delamination) over time. The adhesive should have no
harmful effects on the photographic silver image or cause staining
of the photographic emulsion. The adhesive should not contain sulfur,
iron, copper or other ingredients that may be detrimental. Pressure
sensitive, rubber-based, or either linked adhesives are unacceptable.
The adhesives should not contain or generate oxidants. Adhesives should
pass the Photographic Activity Test and meet the requirements of ISO
14523-1999, or latest revision. The adhesive should not extend
past the seam on either the inside or outside of the enclosure.
B. Workmanship
All enclosures must show good workmanship, edges must be straight,
side edges must meet exactly, and corners must be 90 degrees. The enclosures
must be clean and free of dirt, marks, stains, surface or edge damage,
or other imperfections or contaminants which would affect its utility
or appearance.
C. Identification
- Information
Each enclosure must be individually stamped on the outside, on a seam
flap, with the name of the supplier or manufacturer, year of manufacturer,
the actual pH and "P.A.T." using a 10 point type size.
- Ink
The inked areas of the enclosure should pass the Photographic Activity
Test as described in ISO 14523-1999 or latest revision. The ink must
not smear, bleed, fade, or rub off after drying. The inked stamp impression
must be neat without excess ink and there must be no penetration to
the interior of the envelope. There must be no ink on the inside
of the envelopes from any source.
D. Packaging
- Inner Wrapper:
I.D.: Each package must be plainly identify the type,
size and number of items within, the name of the supplier or manufacturer,
year of manufacture, manufacturing run or batch number, actual pH
(± 0.2 pH) and "P.A.T.".
- Outer Wrapper:
The items must be packed in standard commercial containers constructed
to ensure that the paper arrives at the Library of Congress in dry,
undamaged condition.
I.D.: The outside of each container must be identified
by type, size and number of items within, manufacturing run or batch
number, Purchase Order or Contract number and "P.A.T.".
E. Testing
- Responsibility:
The supplier is responsible for meeting all the requirements specified
herein. The Library of Congress has the right to perform any of the
tests set forth in the specification where such tests are deemed necessary
to ensure that supplies conform to prescribed requirements.
- Sampling: To sample for testing, shipments will
be sampled according to MIL-STD-105E at inspection level S-2 with
an acceptable quality level of 2.5 percent defective from each lot
offered. Copies of MIL-STD-105E are available from Naval Publications
and Forms Center; Standardization Document Order Department, Building
4, Section D; 700 Robbins Avenue; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111-5094.
- Methods: Tests will be conducted in accordance
with specified test methods of the American National Standards Institute
(ANSI), the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), and
the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI).
Publications describing these tests may be ordered directly from the
technical associations at the following addresses:
- ANSI, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018
- ASTM, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103
- TAPPI, One Dunwoody Park, Atlanta, GA 30348
- Tests:
Requirements
|
Test Method |
Lignin |
negative/Kappa 5 |
ASTM D 1030, X5 or TAPPI 236 cm-85 |
Reducible Sulfur |
< 0.0008% |
TAPPI T 406 om-88 |
Iron |
< 150 ppm |
TAPPI T-266 |
Copper |
< 6 ppm |
TAPPI T-266 |
pH |
8.0 - 9.5 pH |
TAPPI T 509 om-88, cold extraction, slurried pulp |
Alkaline Reserve |
2 - 5% |
ASTM D 4988-89 |
Alum Rosin Sizing |
negative |
ASTM D 549-88 |
Photographic Activity Test |
pass |
ISO 14523-1999 or latest version |
Folding Endurance |
75 MD |
TAPPI T 511 om-88, and TAPPI T 402 om-88 |
Color Bleeding |
none |
See above, "I. 7. Color" |
Color Retention |
< 5 points |
TAPPI T 452 om-92 |
Smoothness |
175-220, Sheffield |
TAPPI 6538 om-88 |
Thickness |
0.006 ± 0.001 inches |
F. Quality Assurance Inspection
- Sampling: To evaluate non-tested requirements,
shipments will be sampled according to MIL-STD-105E at inspection
level S-2 with an acceptable quality level of 4.0 percent defective
from each lot offered.
A. Construction for all enclosures, illustrated below
- The enclosures are constructed from a single piece of paper with
side seams of folded flaps of paper adhered to the outside.
- The full drop between the front and back sheets of envelopes should
be between 1/4 to 3/8".
- The seams should be on the sides only. Center seams are not acceptable.
- The seams should be sealed along the complete length of the seam
by an adhesive which is at least 1/8" away from the fold edge.
- The width of the adhesive should be as narrow as is still functional.
- The seams should be smooth and flat with no puckering.
- There must be no adhesive which extends beyond the flap on the inside
or the outside of the enclosure.
- The gap between the fold of the seam flaps and the back sheet of
the envelope should not be more than 1/32-1/16" on the inside.
- There should be no thumb cuts.
- The enclosuress must lie flat and not be curled.
B. Dimensions
- The size of enclosure will be specified on the purchase order.
- The enclosure must allow the insertion of the photographic negatives
without binding and fit into standard sized containers for storage.
An examination will be made to determine whether the items comply
with the Requirements Sections. The qualities and characteristics which
will be examined include the following.
Testing Inspection
- Materials must pass all composition and performance specifications
stated in "I. General Specifications."
Visual Inspection
- Color must be white, off white or otherwise specified.
- Edges must be straight, side edges meet exactly and corners 90
degrees.
- Sizes should be accurate.
- Identifying information should be stamped, without smearing, on
a seam flap and include the name of the supplier or manufacturer,
year of manufacturer, actual pH and "P.A.T." using a 10 point type
size.
- The ink should not smear, bleed, fade or rub off after drying
- The enclusures must allow the insertion of the photographic negatives
without binding and fit into standard sized containers for storage.
- Construction for all enclusures:
- The enclosures are constructed from a single piece of paper
with side seams of folded flaps of paper adhered to the outside.
- The full drop between the front aand back sheets of the envelopes
should be between 1/4 to 3/8."
- The seams should be on the sides only. Center seams are not
acceptable.
- The seams should be sealed along the complete length of the
seam by an adhesive which is at least 1/8" away from the fold
edge.
- The width of the adhesive should be as narrow as is still functional.
- The seams should be smooth and flat with no puckering.
- There must be no adhesive which extends beyond the flap on the
inside or the outside of the enclosure.
- The gap between the fold of the seam flaps and the back sheet
of the envelope should not be more than 1/32 - 1/16" on the inside.
- There should be no thumb cuts.
- The enclosure must lie flat and not curl.
- The Inner Wrapper must be according to the size and identified as
specified.
- The Outer Wrapper must ensure arrival in dry, undamaged condition.
FAILURE TO MEET ANY OF THE SPECIFICATIONS WILL BE CAUSE FOR REJECTION.