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Modeling intervention efficacy for high-risk women: The
WINGS Project.
Evaluation & The Health Professions 2000;23(2):123-148.
Greenberg J, Hennessy M, MacGowan R, Celentano D, Gonzales V, van Devanter
N, Lifshay J.
Abstract
This study evaluates the effectiveness of two strategies–communication
and condom skills training–for increasing condom-protected sex in a sample
of 510 high-risk women ages 17 to 61. Baseline and 3- and 6-month postintervention
interview data were gathered in three cities participating in a randomized
trial of a six-session, group skill-building intervention. This analysis was
conducted for the entire sample and for six subgroups categorized by age, single
or multiple partners, and history of childhood sexual abuse. The dependent
variable was the odds ratio of protected sex acts at each follow-up. Structural
equation modeling was used to estimate effects for two intervention pathways.
The pathway through condom skills increased the odds of protected sex for the
intervention group (Χ2 difference = 35, df = 2, p < .05)
as well as for all subgroups. The pathways through communication were significant
for the intervention group (Χ2 difference = 35, df = 2, p < .05)
but fully effective only for participants under 30 and participants who reported
childhood sexual abuse. The effectiveness of both pathways diminished at 6
months. WINGS demonstrates that condom skills training can increase protected
sex for a heterogeneous group of women. Further research needs to examine how
such skill training translates into use of condoms by male partners. To increase
the duration of intervention effects, booster sessions may need to be incorporated.
