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Dr. Alice B. Gilliland
AMAD Staff
Education:
- Ph.D. Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology (1997)
- B.S. Applied Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology (1992)
Professional Experience:
Atmospheric Modeling & Analysis Division (AMAD), USEPA National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development
Chief, Model Evaluation and Applications Branch- Chief, Model Evaluation and Applications Research Branch 2004 – present
- Acting Chief, Model Evaluation and Applications Research Branch 2003 – 2004
- Physical Scientist 1999 – 2004
1997-1999 – Atmosheric Scientist, Science Applications International Corporation , RTP, NC
1997 – Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC
Research:
Current research includes air quality model sensitivity to global climate change, global to regional scale chemical model linkages, evaluation of the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ), and inverse modeling to evaluate emission estimates:
The Climate Impacts on Regional Air Quality (CIRAQ) project has been developed to test the sensitivity of O3 and PM2.5 predictions to potential climate change scenarios, with and without future emission forcing. As an extension of the CIRAQ project, the linkages between global chemical transport models and the CMAQ regional scale model are a key focus area. Recently published research involves working with Harvard and Carnegie Mellon global chemical transport models for ozone and aerosols driven by the NASA GISS GCM. Planned efforts include testing regional downscaling with more recent global climate modeling systems and new sensitivity studies of climate and air quality interactions under future emission scenarios.
Model evaluation topics include, but are not limited to, CMAQ comparisons against ozone, speciated aerosol, and precipitation chemistry networks, using aerosol optical depth satellite products for evaluation of CMAQ PM2.5, and refinement of fire emission estimates using satellite information to locate major events. Efforts are currently underway to incrementally test and evaluate new model changes that will go into the 2008 release of CMAQ v4.7. Additionally, release of the Atmospheric Model Evaluation Tool (AMET) provides a number of analysis tools for evaluation of CMAQ and the capability to extend AMET by addition of new analysis programs.
The value of inverse modeling as an evaluation tool for emission estimates has been demonstrated for both NH3 and NOx. Seasonal NH3 estimates based on inverse modeling are being used by the USEPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards and by colleagues in several academic and research organizations. Recent work using NO2 columns with CMAQ and the Direct Decoupled Method (DDM) demonstrate an inverse modeling methodology for NOx emissions that has promise.
Publications
R.L. Dennis, T.Fox, M. Fuentes, A.B. Gilliland, S. Hanna, C. Hogrefe, J. Irwin, S.T. Rao, R. Scheffe, K. Schere, D. Steyn, A. Venkatram, On the Evaluation of Regional-Scale Photochemical Air Quality Modeling Systems, submitted to Atm. Env.
Fairlie, T.D., J. Szykman, A.B. Gilliland, R.B. Pierce, J. Engel-Cox, S. Weber, RR Rogers, R. Hoff, C. Kittaka, R. Scheffe, F.Dimmick, J.Tikvart, 3D Air Quality and the Clean Air Interstate Rule: LaGrangian Sampling of CMAQ Model Results to Aid Regional Pollution Accountability Metrics, submitted to Atm. Env.
R.W.Pinder, R.C.Gilliam, K.W.Appel, S.L.Napelenok, A.B.Gilliland, Efficient Probabilistic Estimates of Ozone Concentration Using an Ensemble of Model Configurations and Direct Sensitivity Calculations, submitted to Environ. Sci. & Techn..
H.Wang, D.J. Jacob, P. Le Sager, D.G. Streets, R.J. Park, A.B. Gilliland, Surface ozone background in the United States: Canadian and Mexican influences, Atm. Env., in press.
S.L. Napelenok, R.W. Pinder, A.B. Gilliland, R.V. Martin, A method for evaluating spatially-resolved NOx emissions using Kalman filter inversion, direct sensitivities, and space-based NO2 observations, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), 8, 5603-5614, 2008.
Gilliland, A.B., J.M. Godowitch, C. Hogrefe, and S.T. Rao, Evaluating Regional-Scale Air Quality Models, Air Pollution Modeling and ItsAapplication XIX, Chapter 4.8, 414-421, 2008.
Nolte, C., A.B. Gilliland, and C. Hogrefe, Interactions between Air Quality and Climate Change, Air Pollution Modeling and ItsAapplication XIX, Chapter 6.1, 559-557, 2008.
S.L. Napelenok, R.W. Pinder, A.B. Gilliland, R.V. Martin, Developing a Method for Resolving NOx Emission Inventory Biases Using Discrete Kalman Filter Inversion, Direct Sensitivities, and Satellite-Based NO2 Column, Air Pollution Modeling and ItsAapplication XIX, Chapter 6.1, 322-330, 2008.
Pinder, R.W., A.B. Gilliland, and R.L. Dennis, The Environmental Impact of Atmospheric NH3 Emissions under Present and Future Conditions in the Eastern United States, Geophys. Res. Letter, 35, 1-6, 2008.
Levy II, H., D. Shindell, A.B. Gilliland, M.D Schwarzkopf, L.W. Horowitz, T.Wigley, R. Stouffer, and A. Waple, Climate Projections Based on Emission Scenarios for Long-lived and Short-lived Radiatively Active Gases and Aerosols, U.S. Climate Change Science Program Synthesis and Assessment Product (SAP) 3.2, 2008.
Appel, Keith W, Prakash V Bhave, Alice B Gilliland, Golam Sarwar, Shawn J Roselle, Evaluation of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model version 4.5: Sensitivities impacting model performance; Part II - particulate matter, Atmos. Env, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.03.036, 2008.
Edith Gégo, P. Steven Porter, A.B. Gilliland, Christian Hogrefe, James Godowitch, and S. Trivikrama Rao, Modeling analyses of the effects of changes in nitrogen oxides emissions from the electric power sector on ozone air quality in the eastern United States, Journal of Air and Waste Management, 580-588, 2008.
Gilliland, A.B., C. Hogrefe, R.W. Pinder, J.M. Godowitch, K.L. Foley, and S.T. Rao, Dynamic Evaluation of Regional Air Quality Models: Assessing Changes in O3 Stemming from Changes in Emissions and Meteorology, Atmospheric Environment,doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.02.018, 2008.
Nolte, C., A.B. Gilliland, C. Hogrefe, Linking global to regional models to investigate future climate impacts on U.S. regional air quality 1.Surface ozone concentrations, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 10.1029/2007JD008497, 2008Godowitch, J.L., A.B. Gilliland, R. Draxler, S.T. Rao, Modeling Assessment of Point Source NOx Emission Reductions on Ozone Air Quality in the Eastern United States, Atmospheric Environment, 42, 87-100, 2008.
Appel, K.W., A.B. Gilliland, G. Sarwar, and R.Gilliam, Evaluation of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model version 4.5, Atmospheric Environment, 41, 9603-9615, 2007.
Cooter, E., R. Gilliam, W. Benjey, C. Nolte, J. Swall, and A. Gilliland, 2007: Examining the impact of changing climate on regional air quality over the U.S. Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XVIII First ed. C. Borrego and E. Renner, Eds., Elsevier, 633-647.
Roy, B. , R. Mathur, A.B. Gilliland, and S.Howard comparison of CMAQ-based aerosol properties with IMPROVE, MODIS and AERONET data, JGR, 10.1029/2006JD008085, 2007.
Gégo, E., P.S. Porter, A. Gilliland and, S.T. Rao, Observation-based assessment of the impact of nitrogen oxides emissions reductions on ozone air quality over the eastern United States, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 46(7):994-1008, 2007.
Hudman, R.C., D. J. Jacob, S. Turquety, E. M. Leibensperger, L. T. Murray, S. Wu, A. B. Gilliland, M. Avery, T. H. Bertram, W. Brune, R. C. Cohen, J. E. Dibb, F. M. Flocke, A. Fried, J. Holloway, J. A. Neuman, R. Orville, A. Perring, X. Ren, G. W. Sachse, H. B. Singh, A. Swanson, P. J. Wooldridge, Surface and lightning sources of nitrogen oxides over the United States: magnitudes, chemical evolution, and outflow, J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 112, No. D12, D12S05, 10.1029/2006JD007912, 2007.
Roy, B., G. Pouliot, A.B. Gilliland, T.E. Pierce, and W. Benjey, Using the MODIS rapid response fire product to refine wildland fire emission estimates, Atmospheric Environment, 655-665, 2007.
Hogrefe, C., W. Hao, K. Civerolo, J.-Y. Ku, G. Sistla, R.S. Gaza, L. Sedefian, K. Schere, A. Gilliland, and R. Mathur, Daily Simulation of Ozone and Fine Particulates Over New York State: Findings and Challenges, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climate, 2007.
Pinder, R.W., P.J. Adams, S.N. Pandis, A.B. Gilliland, Temporally resolved ammonia emission inventories: Current estimates, evaluation tools, and measurement needs, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 111, doi:10.1029/2005JD006603, 2006.
Gilliland, A.B., K.W.Appel, R.Pinder, S.J.Roselle, and R.L.Dennis, Seasonal NH3 emissions for an annual 2001 CMAQ simulation: inverse model estimation and evaluation, Atmospheric Environment, 4986-4998. 2006.
Hogrefe, C., P.S. Porter, E. Gego, A.Gilliland, R. Gilliam, J. Swall, J. Irwin, and S.T. Rao, Temporal features in observed and predicted PM2.5 concentrations over the Eastern U.S., Atmospheric Environment, 5041-5055, 2006.
Watkins, T., F. Dimmick, D.Holland, T.Conner, A. Gilliland, V. Boothe, C. Paulu, and A. Smith, Air Quality Characterization for Environmental Public Health Tracking, Proceedings of the 28th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Applications, May 15-19, Leipzig, Germany, 2006.
Jacob, D.J. and A.B. Gilliland, Modeling the impact of air pollution on global climate change, EM, 24-26, 2005.
Hogrefe, C., J.M. Jones, and A. Gilliland, ., P.S. Porter, E. Gego, R. Gilliam, J. Swall, J. Irwin, and S.T. Rao, Evaluation of an Annual Simulation of Particulate Matter Over the Continental U.S. – Which Spatio-Temporal Features can be Captured?, Proceedings of the 27th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Applications, October 25 - 29, Banff, Canada, 2004.
Porter, P.S., J. Swall, R. Gilliam, E. Gego, C. Hogrefe, A.Gilliland, J.S. Irwin, and S.T. Rao, Temporal signatures of observations and model outputs: do time series decomposition methods capture relevant time scales?, Proceedings of the 27th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Applications, October 25 - 29, Banff, Canada, 2004.
Lintner, B.R., A.B. Gilliland, I.Y. Fung, Mechanisms of convection-induced modulation of passive tracer interhemispheric transport interannual variability, Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres, 10.1029/2003JD004306, 2004.
Gilliland, A.B., R.L. Dennis, S.J. Roselle, T.E. Pierce, Seasonal NH3 emission estimates for the Eastern Unites States using ammonium wet concentrations and an inverse modeling method, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 108, NO. D15, 4477, 10.1029/2002JD003063, 2003.
Gilliland, A.B., T.J. Butler, G.E. Likens, Monthly and annual bias in weekly (NADP/NTN) versus daily (AIRMoN) precipitation chemistry data in the Eastern U.S.A., Atmospheric Environment, 36, 5197‑5206, 2002.
Gilliland, A.B. and P.J. Abbitt, A sensitivity study of the discrete Kalman filter (DKF) to initial condition discrepancies, Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres, 106, 17,939-17,952, 2001.
Gilliland, A.B., R.L. Dennis, S.J. Roselle, T.E. Pierce, and L.E. Bender, Developing seasonal ammonia emission estimates with an inverse modeling technique, Proceedings of the 2nd International Nitrogen Conference on Science and Policy, TheScientificWorld, 256-262, 2001.
Walsh, K.J. and A.B. Gilliland, Regional variations in sulfate and nitrate aerosols on annual, seasonal, and synoptic time scales, Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 51, 1339-1345, 2001.
Vukovich, F.M., A.B. Gilliland, A. Venkatram, and J. Sherwell, On performing long-term predictions of ozone using the SOMS model, Atmospheric Environment, 35, 569-578, 2001.
Gilliland, A.B. and D.E. Hartley, Interhemispheric transport and the role of convective parameterizations, Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres, 103, 22,039‑22,045, 1998.
Gilliland, A.B., The potential influences of ENSO on interhemispheric transport, Thesis (Ph.D.), School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997.
Awards
- 2008 NOAA Administrator’s Award - For outstanding dedication to developing U.S. CCSP Synthesis & Assessment Products integrating climate research for decision support.
- 2008 EPA Silver Medal Award – Public Health Air Surveillance Evaluation (PHASE) Team
- 2008 EPA ORD Bronze Medal – Accountability: Evaluating the Effectiveness of the NOx SIP Call Program in Improving Ozone Air Quality over the Eastern U.S.
- 2007 NERL Special Achievement Award – Future Issues: In recognition for contributions to the Climate Impacts on Regional Air Quality study.
- 2007 Department of Commerce Administrator’s and Technology Transfer Awards - For visionary leadership in the development of cross-agency partnerships to apply a “one atmosphere” air quality model which promotes meaningful and cost-effective national policies to protect human health and the environment.
- 2006 NERL Special Achievement Award – Future Issues: In recognition for contributions to the CDC PHASE project
- 005 EPA Bronze Medal – The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Modeling Team
Narrative:
My area of expertise is the evaluation and application of regional-scale photochemical air quality models, such as the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. For the past five years, I have led AMAD’s evaluation program, where we have extended evaluation efforts to assess air quality model responses to emission changes, to evaluate emissions via inverse modeling methods, to develop ensemble modeling approaches to address model uncertainty, and to perform other tasks that further the use of model evaluation to improve the model and model inputs. During this time, I have also led a new research application on climate impacts on regional air quality. This project involved collaboration across ORD (National Center for Environmental Assessment, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, and National Exposure Research Laboratory) as well as with universities (Harvard University, Carnegie Mellon University). This project resulted in an ORD interim assessment report on climate impacts on air quality, and also contributed to the NOAA-led Climate Change Science Program’s Synthesis and Assessment Product 3.2. Emerging needs now require expansion of this project into a larger program to consider both regional-scale climate and air quality interactions and potential impacts of future climate on ecosystems and water resources.