The pre-restored channel at the Glade Bekken restoration site.

An image of the culvert that was removed and replaced. This old culvert blocked upstream migration of coho and chum salmon.

An image of the culvert that was removed and replaced.

The old roadfill at the Glad Bekken restoration site. the Glade Bekken restoration site. The spyder was used at the restoration site to prevent and minimize disturbance to the habitat. The machine crawls and walks over the surface as opposed to rolling and flattening surfaces.

The first in a series of images that show the specialized "spyder" at work at the Glade Bekken restoration site. The spyder was used at the restoration site to prevent and minimize disturbance to the habitat. The machine crawls and walks over the surface as opposed to rolling over and flattening sensitive habitats.

The second in a series of images that show the specialized "spyder" at work at the Glade Bekken restoration site. The spyder was used at the restoration site to prevent and minimize disturbance to the habitat. The machine crawls and walks over the surface as opposed to rolling over and flattening sensitive habitats. This image shows the spyder crawling.

The third in a series of images that show the specialized "spyder" at work at the Glade Bekken restoration site. The spyder was used at the restoration site to prevent and minimize disturbance to the habitat. The machine crawls and walks over the surface as opposed to rolling over and flattening sensitive habitats.

The fourth in a series of images that show the specialized "spyder" at work at the Glade Bekken restoration site. The spyder was used at the restoration site to prevent and minimize disturbance to the habitat. The machine crawls and walks over the surface as opposed to rolling over and flattening sensitive habitats.

The fifth in a series of images that show the specialized "spyder" at work at the Glade Bekken restoration site. The spyder was used at the restoration site to prevent and minimize disturbance to the habitat. The machine crawls and walks over the surface as opposed to rolling over and flattening sensitive habitats.

The sixth in a series of images that show the specialized "spyder" at work at the Glade Bekken restoration site. The spyder was used at the restoration site to prevent and minimize disturbance to the habitat. The machine crawls and walks over the surface as opposed to rolling over and flattening sensitive habitats.

The seventh in a series of images that show the specialized "spyder" at work at the Glade Bekken restoration site. The spyder was used at the restoration site to prevent and minimize disturbance to the habitat. The machine crawls and walks over the surface as opposed to rolling over and flattening sensitive habitats.

Gentle draft horses were used to transport wood to the sensitive regions of the upper river where heavy machinery would have been inappropriate. The horses were less expensive and worked in conjunction with the spyder to minimize disturbance to the stream bed and riparian buffer areas.

Draft horses bring woody debris to add complexity to the stream to improve spawning habitat at the Glade Bekken restoration site.

A driver prepares the draft horses to haul a load of woody debris to the upper stream bed.

The draft horses used to haul woody debris at the restoration site were gentle and beautiful as well as less costly than heavy machinery.

A single draft horse pulls wood to the restoration site at the Glade Bekken watershed.

Two men drive their horses into the stream to drop wood off at the restoration staging site.

Cabling weir log

excavation of the stream bed at the Glade Bekken restoration site.

Men and draft horses place woody debris in the stream.

The new pipes that were used to replace the old culvert that inhibited coho and chum salmon from migrating to their spawning grounds.

The spyder brings logs to the staging area at the Glade Bekken restoration site.

The staging area at the Glade Bekken restoration site.

Spill control at the pipe.

A woman volunteer cuts air potato from a tree during a restoration project at Indian River Lagoon to remove Brazilian Peppers from native mangrove habitat.

Volunteers from a local high school cut Brazilian Pepper bushes at their bases and then spray a spot application of herbicide. Brazilian Pepper is an introduced species that outcompetes the native mangroves.

Volunteers remove Brazilian Pepper bushes from native mangrove habitat.

A local school group poses after the removal effort. Volunteers cut Brazilian Pepper bushes from native mangrove habitat and then the County Roadworks uses a chipper to chip the bushes and dispose of the brush.

Volunteers at Indian River Lagoon. The lagoon is in the background and the image shows how the mangrove canopy is being choked out by Brazilian Pepper.

A volunteer removes Brazilian Pepper growth from mangrove habitat along the Indian River Lagoon.

Indian River Lagoon is in the background of this image. The lagoon is one of the largest lagoons on the east coast of Florida and is prime habitat for Snook and Tarpon. The lagoon waters are estuarine. This image shows Brazilian Pepper stumps to the right of the volunteer's feet. Once the pepper bushes have been cut an herbicide will be applied to kill the bush.

A rest area set up with snacks for the volunteers.

Student volunteers cut Brazilian Pepper growth from native mangrove habitat along Indian River Lagoon.

Student volunteers cut Brazilian Pepper growth from native mangrove habitat along Indian River Lagoon.

Student volunteers cut Brazilian Pepper growth from native mangrove habitat along Indian River Lagoon.

The Indian River Lagoon provides prime estuarine habitat for native mangrove species.

Mangroves unimpeded by Brazilian Pepper bushes.

Brazilian Pepper bushes are an ornamental from Brazil that looks like Holly. They produce red berries that birds eat. The birds carry their seeds spreading the plant throughout mangrove habitat where the Pepper bush outcompetes the mangroves. The red berries are beautiful but toxic; direct contact with them causes a poison ivy-like rash.

This area has been cleared of Brazilian Pepper to help the mangroves recolonize at the waterline.

This image shows the big stumps of the Brazilian Peppers that have been cut to make way for mangroves. Brazilian Pepper bushes can reach twenty feet in height. During the restoration, bushes as big as 9" in diameter were cleared to provide habitat for mangroves to recolonize. Without restoration efforts to clear Brazilian Pepper, the bush could take over mangrove habitat in two years time.

A school teacher shows her students mangrove propagules. The students collected propagules and replanted them at the water's edge after the Brazilian Peppers had been removed.

The shoreline at Indian River Lagoon.

Volunteers collect mangrove propagules to replant after clearing Brazilian Peppers from mangrove habitats.

Volunteers plant mangrove propagules at the shoreline of Indian River Lagoon.

Planting mangrove propagules at Indian River Lagoon.

Planting mangrove propagules at Indian River Lagoon.

Volunteers haul away Brazilian Pepper brush. This part of the restoration is extremely labor intensive. The brush must be cut by hand, chipped and then burned. The pepper brush must be burned before the berries turn red or the seeds will be distributed and begin new growth.

Volunteers cut Brazilian Pepper.

Volunteers cut Brazilian Pepper.

A group of volunteers haul away Brazilian Pepper refuse before burning.