PAS consists of 45 spreadsheets for population analysis.
The PAS documentation is contained in the second volume of the manual Population Analysis with Microcomputers.
Instructions for downloading the original Lotus 1-2-3 PAS program files.
Instructions for downloading the Excel PAS program
files.
A brief explanation of the calculation performed by each of the spreadsheets is presented here, grouped by main demographic topics.
Age Structure. There are 11 spreadsheets for the analysis of the age structure of the population.
They are, in alphabetical order:
ADJAGE Adjusts any population total by sex to a given age structure.
AGEINT Interpolates between two population age structures. The user
can specify if the interpolation is to be linear or
exponential.
AGESEX Analyzes the age reporting in a population age and sex
distribution. Calculates age and sex ratio indices and the
United Nations age/sex accuracy index.
AGESMTH Smooths a population age distribution using several methods.
BASEPOP and BPSTRNG Both spreadsheets prepare the age and sex distribution
of a population for making a projection. The difference
between the two spreadsheets is the smoothing process.
GRPOP-YB Makes a graph using population age structures for two or
three dates, by year of birth of each cohort.
MOVEPOP Moves the population age distribution pertaining to a
specific date to another date.
OPAG Distributes open-ended age groups (younger than 80+) into
5-year age groups up to 80 years and over.
PYRAMID Makes an age pyramid by sex, with absolute numbers and
percentages of the population data.
SINGAGE Calculates the Whipple, Myers, and Bachi indices of age
heaping based on enumerated population by single years of age.
Mortality. There are 15 spreadsheets for analyzing the mortality of a population. Some of them were prepared for populations with acceptable data, while others assume that only limited data are available. Although the set of mortality spreadsheets is the largest, we did not include those techniques developed and published by the United Nations in the MORTPAK package. As we mention in the text of the manual, the analysis of mortality may require the use of both, the U.S. Bureau of the Census spreadsheets (PAS) and the MORTPAK package. The PAS spreadsheets related to mortality are:
ADJMX Adjusts a pattern of mortality rates by age for both sexes
combined or for each sex (age-specific death rates or central
death rates from an empirical or existing life table) for
obtaining a desired number of deaths in a population.
BTHSRV Estimates infant mortality rates based on information on the
number of children born during a year prior to the census and
the number still alive at the census date.
E0LGST Fits a logistic function to values of life expectancies at
birth for each sex simultaneously, given two or more observed
values of life expectancies and the two asymptotes of the
logistic.
GRBAL Uses the technique developed by Brass for estimating the
completeness of reporting of deaths over 5 years of age in
relation to a population (Brass, 1975).
INTPLTM and INTPLTF Interpolate male and female life tables, respectively,
between the values of two given sets of "pivotal" life tables.
LOGITQX and LOGITLX These two spreadsheets are used for smoothing
functions of a life table, using logits of the q(x) and l(x)
functions of a life table.
LTMXQXAD Constructs a life table from age-specific death rates or from
the probabilities of dying between two specific ages.
LTNTH Selects a Coale-Demeny model life table, region North, that
will reproduce a given crude death rate pertaining to a given
population age structure.
LTPOPDTH Constructs and smooths a life table for both sexes or one sex
at a time, using population and death data.
LTSTH Same as LTNTH, but using region South of the Coale-Demeny
model life tables.
LTWST Same as LTNTH, but using region West of the Coale-Demeny
model life tables.
PREBEN Estimates the level of mortality for ages 5 years and above
during an intercensal period (Preston-Bennett, 1983).
PRECOA Uses the technique developed by Preston and Coale for
evaluating an available age distribution of deaths in
relation to the population.
Fertility. There are 13 spreadsheets for analyzing the fertility of a population. Most of them are for populations whose registration of births is not complete.
ADJASFR Adjusts a given pattern of age-specific fertility rates to
reproduce a desired total number of births.
ARFE-2 and ARFE-3 Uses a technique developed by Arriaga for estimating
fertility rates based on information on the average number
of children ever born and a pattern of fertility.
ASFRPATT Provides age-specific fertility rates pertaining to a given
total fertility rate.
CBR-GFR Calculates the crude birth rate and the general fertility
rate based on a desired total fertility rate.
CBR-TFR Estimates the crude birth rate and the total fertility rate,
based on the general fertility rate.
PFRATIO Uses the P/F ratio technique, originally developed by Brass,
for adjusting reported age-specific fertility rates to the
"actual" level of fertility.
RELEFERT Uses Rele's technique for estimating the gross reproduction
rate of a population for one or two 5-year periods prior to
the census date.
REL-GMPZ Uses the technique developed by Brass and associates "for the
evaluation and adjustment of fertility estimates obtained
from retrospective reports of birth histories or features of
birth histories."
REVCBR Calculates crude birth rates during two or three 5-year
periods prior to the census date, based on the age structure
of the population.
TFR-GFR Estimates the total fertility rate and the general fertility
rate based on a crude birth rate.
TFRLGST Fits a logistic function to two or more values of total
fertility rates, and interpolates and extrapolates. It
requires asymptotic values.
TFRSINE Fits a sine function to two values of total fertility rates,
and interpolates and extrapolates.
Internal migration. There is one spreadsheet that estimates intercensal migration between two areas.
CSRMIG Provides intercensal net migration estimates between two areas.
Urbanization and distribution of the population. There is one spreadsheet providing several indices for analyzing the urbanization process in a population.
URBINDEX Calculates several urbanization and population distribution
indices.
Other spreadsheets. There are four additional spreadsheets that can be used for several purposes; they are:
CTBL32 Uses a technique for adjusting information in a table to a
set of desired marginal totals (totals of rows and/or
columns).
FITLGSTC Fits a logistic function to three (or a multiple of three)
observed equidistant values of any index. It does not need
asymptotic values.
LOGISTIC Fits a logistic function to values of any index given two or
more observed values of the index and the two asymptotes of
the logistic.
SP Constructs a stable population based on life tables by sex
and age-specific fertility rates (or the intrinsic growth
rate).
