Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation: Approval of Analytical Method for Aeromonas; National Primary and Secondary Drinking Water Regulations: Approval of Analytical Methods for Chemical and Microbiological Contaminants
[Federal Register: October 29, 2002 (Volume 67, Number 209)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Page 65888-65902]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr29oc02-5]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 141
[FRL-7398-4]
RIN 2040-AD81
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation: Approval of
Analytical Method for Aeromonas; National Primary and Secondary
Drinking Water Regulations: Approval of Analytical Methods for Chemical
and Microbiological Contaminants
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency.
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: Today's rule approves the analytical method and an associated
Minimum Reporting Level (MRL) to support the Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Regulation's (UCMR) List 2 Aeromonas monitoring. This List 2
monitoring will be conducted at 120 large and 180 small Public Water
Systems (PWS) from January 1, 2003 through December 31, 2003.
Today's rule also approves EPA Method 515.4 to support previously
required National Primary Drinking Water Regulation (NPDWR) compliance
monitoring for 2,4-D (as acid, salts and esters), 2,4,5-TP (Silvex),
dinoseb, pentachlorophenol, picloram and dalapon. In addition, EPA
Method 531.2 is approved to support previously required NPDWR
monitoring for carbofuran and oxamyl.
Minor changes have been made in the format of the table of methods
required to be used for organic chemical NPDWR compliance monitoring to
improve clarity and to conform to the format of other methods tables.
In addition, the Presence-Absence (P-A) Coliform Test listed in the
total coliform methods table was inadvertently identified as Method
9221. This has been corrected to 9221 D. Also, detection limits for
``Cyanide'' were added in the ``Detection Limits for Inorganic
Contaminants'' table for the two cyanide methods, and minor editorial
corrections were made.
EPA is approving seven of the eight additional industry-developed
analytical methods that were proposed to support previously required
NPDWR compliance monitoring. These seven methods include: A method for
the determination of atrazine, two methods for the determination of
cyanide, two methods for the determination of total coliforms and E.
coli, a method for the determination of heterotrophic bacteria, and a
method for the determination of turbidity. With respect to the eighth
industry-developed method proposed on March 7, 2002, EPA is deferring a
decision on its approval until additional clarifying information from
the vendor is evaluated.
Finally, EPA is updating the information concerning the inspection
of materials in the Water Docket to reflect its new address.
DATES: This regulation is effective November 29, 2002. The
incorporation by reference of the methods listed in the rule is
approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of November 29,
2002. For purposes of judicial review, this final rule is promulgated
as of 1 p.m. Eastern Time on November 12, 2002, as provided in 40 CFR
23.7.
ADDRESSES: The official public docket for this rule is located at EPA
West Building, Room B102, 1301 Constitution Avenue, NW., Washington DC.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For information regarding the actions
included in this final rule contact David J. Munch, EPA, 26 West Martin
Luther King Dr. (MLK 140), Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, (513) 569-7843 or e-
mail at munch.dave@EPA.gov. General information may also be obtained
from the EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline. Callers within the United
States may reach the Hotline at (800) 426-4791. The Hotline is open
Monday through Friday, excluding Federal holidays, from 9 a.m. to 5:30
p.m. Eastern Time.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
[[Page 65889]]
A. Potentially Regulated Entities
The only regulated entities affected by today's rule are the 300
public water systems selected for Aeromonas monitoring. Use of the
remaining methods approved in this action is voluntary. If, however,
one of these methods is selected to support compliance monitoring, then
compliance with the procedures specified in the method is required. A
nationally representative sample of 120 large community and non-
transient non-community water systems serving more than 10,000 persons
is required to monitor for Aeromonas under the current UCMR. In
addition, a nationally representative sample of 180 small community and
non-transient non-community systems serving 10,000 or fewer persons is
also required to monitor for Aeromonas. States, Territories, and Tribes
with primacy to administer the regulatory program for public water
systems under the Safe Drinking Water Act, sometimes conduct analyses
to measure for contaminants in water samples and are thus affected by
this action. Categories and entities potentially regulated by this
action include the following:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category Examples of potentially regulated entities NAICSa
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
State, Local, & Tribal Governments.......... States, local and tribal governments that analyze water 924110
samples on behalf of public water systems required to
conduct such analysis; States, local and tribal
governments that themselves operate community and non-
transient non-community water systems required to
monitor.
Industry.................................... Private operators of community and non-transient non- 221310
community water systems required to monitor.
Municipalities.............................. Municipal operators of community and non-transient non- 924110
community water systems required to monitor.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a North American Industry Classification System.
This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a
guide for readers regarding entities likely to be regulated by this
action. This table lists the types of entities that EPA is now aware of
that could potentially be regulated by this action. Other types of
entities not listed in the table could also be regulated. To determine
whether your facility is potentially regulated by this action
concerning the monitoring for Aeromonas, you should carefully examine
the applicability criteria in Sec. Sec. 141.35 and 141.40 of the Code
of Federal Regulations (CFR). A listing of both the large and small
systems selected to perform Aeromonas monitoring is available at http:/
/www.epa.gov/safewater/standard/ucmr/systems.html. To determine whether
your facility is potentially regulated by this action concerning the
use of EPA Methods 515.4 or 531.2 or the additional industry-developed
methods being approved, you should carefully examine the applicability
criteria in Sec. Sec. 141.21, 141.23, 141.24 and 141.74 of the CFR. If
you have questions regarding the applicability of this action to a
particular entity, consult the person listed in the preceding FOR
FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.
B. Availability of Related Information
1. EPA has established an official public docket for this action
under Docket ID No. W-01-13. The official public docket consists of the
documents specifically referenced in this action, any public comments
received, and other information related to this action. Although a part
of the official docket, the public docket does not include Confidential
Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is
restricted by statute. The official public docket is the collection of
materials that is available for public viewing at the Water Docket,
EPA, 1301 Constitution Avenue, NW., EPA West, Room B-102, Washington,
DC. This Docket Facility is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Eastern
Time, Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The Docket
telephone number is (202) 566-2426.
2. You may access this Federal Register document electronically
through the EPA Internet under the ``Federal Register'' listings at
http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/. An electronic version of the public
docket is available through EPA's electronic public docket and comment
system, EPA Dockets. You may use EPA Dockets at http://www.epa.gov/
edocket/ to view public comments, access the index listing of the
contents of the official public docket, or access those documents in
the public docket that are available electronically. Once in the
system, select ``Quick Search,'' then key in the appropriate docket
identification number. Although not all docket materials may be
available electronically, you may still access any of the publicly
available docket materials through the docket facility identified in
section B.1.
C. Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in the Preamble and Final Rule
2,4-D--2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4,5-TP--2,4,5 trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
ADA--ampicilin-dextrin
APHA--American Public Health Association
ASTM--American Society for Testing and Materials
CAS--Chemical Abstract Service
CFR--Code of Federal Regulations
CFU/mL--colony forming units per milliliter
EPA--United States Environmental Protection Agency
et. al.--and others
et. seq.--and the following
GLI method--Great Lakes Instruments method
HCL--hydrochloric acid
HRGC--high resolution gas chromatography
HRMS--high resolution mass spectrometer
ICR--information collection request
LD--point of lowest disinfectant residual
MCL--maximum contaminant level
MD--midpoint in the distribution system
MDL--method detection limit
MI--4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside-indoxyl-beta-D-
glucuronide
mg/L--milligram per liter
MR--point of maximum retention
MRL--minimum reporting level
NAICS--North American Industry Classification System
NERL--National Environmental Research Laboratory
NPDWR--National Primary Drinking Water Regulation
NTIS--National Technical Information Service
NTTAA--National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
OMB--Office of Management and Budget
P-A--Presence-Absence
PCBs--polychlorinated biphenyls
pH--negative logarithm of the effective hydrogen-ion concentration
pKa--negative logarithm of the acidity constant
[[Page 65890]]
PT--proficiency testing
PWS--public water system
RFA--Regulatory Flexibility Act
SBA--Small Business Administration
SBREFA--Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act
SDWA--Safe Drinking Water Act
UCMR--Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation
UMRA--Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
UV--ultraviolet
Table of Contents:
I. Statutory Authority and Background
II. Explanation of Today's Action
III. Summary of Comments Resulting in Changes in the Proposed Action
IV. Laboratory Approval and Certification for Aeromonas Monitoring
V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
A. Executive Order 12866--Regulatory Planning and Review
B. Paperwork Reduction Act
C. Regulatory Flexibility Act
D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
E. Executive Order 13132--Federalism
F. Executive Order 13175--Consultation and Coordination with
Indian Tribal Governments
G. Executive Order 13045--Protection of Children From
Environmental Health Risks & Safety Risks
H. Executive Order 13211--Actions that Significantly Affect
Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
J. Executive Order 12898--Federal Actions to Address
Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income
Populations
K. Congressional Review Act
L. Administrative Procedures Act
M. Plain Language Directive
I. Statutory Authority and Background
The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) section 1445(a)(2), as amended
in 1996, requires EPA to establish criteria for a program to monitor
unregulated contaminants and to publish a list of contaminants to be
monitored. To meet these requirements, EPA published the Revisions to
the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (UCMR) for Public
Water Systems (in 64 FR 50555, September 17, 1999) which substantially
revised the previous Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Program,
codified at 40 CFR 141.40. The September 1999 UCMR requires monitoring
for three lists of contaminants. EPA subsequently published supplements
to the September 1999 rule which included approved analytical methods
for conducting analyses of List 1 and selected List 2 contaminants (65
FR 11372, March 2, 2000 and 66 FR 2273, January 11, 2001) and technical
corrections and other supplemental information (66 FR 27215, May 16,
2001 and 66 FR 46221, September 4, 2001). The January 11, 2001 rule
specified the requirements for Aeromonas monitoring in the UCMR;
however, an analytical method for the analysis of Aeromonas was not
approved as part of that final rule. Today's rule amends the UCMR to
specify a method and an associated Minimum Reporting Level (MRL) for
monitoring Aeromonas on List 2.
The SDWA, as amended in 1996, requires EPA to promulgate national
primary drinking water regulations (NPDWRs) which specify maximum
contaminant levels (MCLs) or treatment techniques for drinking water
contaminants (SDWA section 1412 (42 U.S.C. 300g-1)). NPDWRs apply to
public water systems pursuant to SDWA section 1401 (42 U.S.C. 300f).
According to SDWA section 1401(1)(D), NPDWRs include ``criteria and
procedures to assure a supply of drinking water which dependably
complies with such maximum contaminant levels, including acceptable
methods for quality control and testing procedures.'' In addition, SDWA
section 1445(a) authorizes the Administrator to establish regulations
for monitoring to assist in determining whether persons are acting in
compliance with the requirements of the SDWA. EPA's promulgation of
analytical methods is authorized under these sections of the SDWA, as
well as the general rulemaking authority in SDWA section 1450(a), (42
U.S.C. 300j-9(a)).
II. Explanation of Today's Action
Prior actions (66 FR 2273, January 11, 2001; and 66 FR 46221,
September 4, 2001), specify the methods to be used for analysis of List
2 chemicals. In today's action, EPA is approving the use of EPA Method
1605 for the analysis of Aeromonas as specified in List 2 of Table 1
with an MRL of 0.2 Colony Forming Units (CFU)/100 mL.
Today's action also approves EPA Method 515.4 for the determination
of 2,4-D (as acid, salts and esters), 2,4,5-TP (Silvex), dinoseb,
pentachlorophenol, picloram and dalapon; EPA Method 531.2 for the
determination of carbofuran and oxamyl; and an additional industry-
developed method for the determination of atrazine in drinking water
using an immunoassay-based technology and colorimetric determination,
in accordance with Sec. 141.24(e), to support monitoring required
under Sec. 141.24(h). Today's rule also approves six additional
industry-developed methods: a method using a micro-scale hard
distillation apparatus followed by colorimetric determination of total
cyanide and a method using an ultra-violet digester system for the
determination of total and available cyanide, to support monitoring
required under Sec. 141.23 (k)(1); a method for the determination of
the presence or absence of total coliforms and E. coli in drinking
waters using a liquid culture, and a membrane filter method for the
determination of total coliforms and E. coli using a membrane filter
enzyme-substrate procedure, for monitoring required under Sec. 141.21;
and a method for the determination of heterotrophic bacteria, and a
laser based nephelometric method for the determination of turbidity,
for monitoring required under Sec. 141.74. With respect to the eighth
industry-developed method proposed on March 7, 2002, EPA is deferring a
decision on its approval until additional clarifying information from
the vendor is evaluated.
In addition, the Presence-Absence (P-A) Coliform Test listed in the
total coliform methods table was inadvertently identified as Method
9221. As proposed on March 7, 2002, this has been corrected to 9221 D.
Also, detection limits for ``Cyanide'' were added in the ``Detection
Limits for Inorganic Contaminants'' table for the two cyanide methods,
and minor editorial corrections were made.
The actions taken in this final rule were proposed in the Federal
Register published on March 7, 2002 (67 FR 10532, March 7, 2002).
Twenty-six sets of comments were received concerning this proposal.
Those comments which have resulted in EPA modifying what was proposed
on March 7, 2002 are discussed in summary form below. More detailed
responses to these comments, and to all other comments, are contained
in ``Public Comment and Responses for the Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Regulation: Approval of Analytical Method for Aeromonas.
National Primary and Secondary Drinking Water Regulations: Approval of
Analytical Methods for Chemical and Microbiological Contaminants' which
is available in Docket ID No. W-01-13. See Section B. Availability of
Related Information for information on contacting the official public
docket.
In this final version of the rule, EPA has decided to provide the
full titles of the methods approved in this action in footnotes 17 and
18 to the table at Sec. 141.21(k)(1), the footnote in Sec.
141.24(e)(1), and footnotes 11 and 12 to the table at Sec.
141.74(a)(1). Each of these titles were included in the discussions of
each method detailed in the proposal to this regulation, published in
the Federal Register on
[[Page 65891]]
March 7, 2002 (67 FR 10532, March 7, 2002). These titles were also on
the cover of each method, all of which were available in the Water
Docket for this regulation.
Section 553 of the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C.
553(b)(B), provides that, when an agency for good cause finds that
notice and public procedure are impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary
to the public interest, the agency may issue a rule without providing
prior notice and an opportunity for public comment. EPA is publishing
several rule changes related to today's final determination. First, the
address for the Water Docket has been updated in Sec. 141.24(e)(1) and
in the text accompanying the tables at Sec. Sec. 141.21(f)(3),
141.23(k)(1), 141.40(a)(3) and 141.74(a)(1) to conform to the Water
Docket's new address. Second, the address for the Water Resource Center
has been corrected in footnote 6 to the table in Sec. 141.21(f)(3).
Finally, the address for the National Technical Information Service was
added in footnote 6 to the table at Sec. 141.23(k)(1). EPA has
determined that there is ``good cause'' for making these rule changes
final without prior proposal and opportunity for comment because these
rule changes have no substantive impact and merely correct or replace
outdated CFR text. Thus, notice and public procedure are unnecessary.
EPA finds that this constitutes ``good cause'' under 5 U.S.C.
553(b)(B). For the same reasons, EPA is making these rule changes
effective upon publication. 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3).
III. Summary of Comments Resulting in Changes in the Proposed Action
EPA has received and is reviewing clarifying information concerning
the evaluation of the Colitag[reg]
Test. Thus, EPA is not taking final
action on this method at this time. EPA will respond to all comments
regarding this method in a future action.
No comments were received that would warrant delaying final action
concerning: EPA Method 515.4 for the determination of 2,4-D (as acid,
salts and esters), 2,4,5-TP (Silvex), dinoseb, pentachlorophenol,
picloram and dalapon; EPA Method 531.2 for the determination of
carbofuran and oxamyl; Syngenta AG-625 for the determination of
atrazine; QuikChem 10-204-00-1-X or Kelada 01 for the determination of
cyanide; Readycult'' Coliforms 100 Presence/Absence Test and Membrane
Filter Technique using Chromocult'' Coliform Agar for the determination
of total coliforms and E. coli; SimPlate for the determination of
heterotrophic bacteria; or Hach FilterTrak 10133 for the determination
of turbidity. Therefore, these methods are approved for drinking water
compliance monitoring as proposed.
One commenter suggested that the entries for cyanide in both of the
tables located in Sec. 141.23 were confusing. This commenter suggested
that the tables be reordered, so that the analytical methods would be
listed in the same order in both tables. This commenter also noted that
the footnotes listing whether the method was for the determination of
free or total cyanide were in error. In addition, this commenter noted
that the detection limit listed for the Kelada 01 method was in error.
EPA agrees with the commenter. The tables in Sec. 141.23 have been
reordered, putting the analytical methods listed in the same order. The
Agency intends to propose changes to the footnotes listing whether the
method was for the determination of free or total cyanide in a future
action. The detection limit for the Kelada 01 method has been
corrected.
IV. Laboratory Approval and Certification for Aeromonas Monitoring
As a result of today's action, laboratories wishing to analyze
samples for Aeromonas under the UCMR must use EPA Method 1605. EPA has
previously specified, in Sec. 141.40 (a)(5)(ii)(G)(3) (66 FR 2273,
January 11, 2001), that Aeromonas analyses must be performed by
laboratories certified under Sec. 141.28 for compliance analyses of
coliform indicator bacteria using an EPA approved membrane filtration
procedure. Because of differences between EPA Method 1605 and existing
membrane filtration methods for coliform indicator bacteria,
laboratories performing EPA Method 1605 must also participate in
proficiency testing (PT) studies to be conducted by EPA. Laboratories
wishing to be approved to use Method 1605 for this monitoring should
submit a ``request to participate'' letter to EPA and will be asked to
analyze 10 samples for Aeromonas using Method 1605. Within 10 days of
this rule being signed by the EPA Administrator, EPA will notify each
large public water system selected to perform Aeromonas monitoring of
the need for their laboratory to submit this ``request to participate''
letter. EPA has established 30 days following the publication of the
final rule as the latest date by which it will be able to accept the
``request to participate'' letter due to the very short time left
before the beginning of the monitoring program (January 2003). The
``request to participate'' letter should be mailed to: Technical
Support Center Aeromonas PT Coordinator, EPA, 26 West Martin Luther
King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. Upon completion of the Aeromonas PT
Program, EPA will provide each successful laboratory with an approval
letter identifying the laboratory by name and the approval date. This
letter, and a copy of the laboratory's certification under Sec. 141.28
for compliance analysis of coliform indicator bacteria using an EPA
approved membrane filtration procedure, may then be presented to any
Public Water System (PWS) as evidence of laboratory approval for
Aeromonas analysis supporting the UCMR. Laboratory approval is
contingent upon the laboratory having and maintaining certification to
perform drinking water compliance monitoring using an approved coliform
membrane filtration method. EPA will post a list of the laboratories
that have successfully completed each PT study at http//www.epa.gov/
safewater/standard/ucmr/aprvlabs.html.
All large and small systems selected for the Screening Survey will
be notified by their State Drinking Water Authority or EPA at least 90
days before the dates established for collecting and submitting UCMR
field samples to determine the presence of Aeromonas. The PWSs selected
to conduct Aeromonas monitoring are listed at http//www.epa.gov/
safewater/standard/ucmr/systems.html. Large systems must send samples
to approved laboratories and then report the results to EPA as
specified in Sec. 141.35. All shipping and analytical costs incurred
by monitoring requirements for small systems will be paid by EPA;
however, small systems will be responsible for collecting these
samples.
V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
A. Executive Order 12866--Regulatory Planning and Review
Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), the
Agency must determine whether a regulatory action is ``significant''
and therefore subject to Office of Management and Budget (OMB) review
and the requirements of the Executive Order. The Order defines
``significant regulatory action'' as one that is likely to result in a
rule that may:
(1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more or
adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the
economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public
health or safety, or
[[Page 65892]]
State, local, or Tribal governments or communities;
(2) Create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an
action taken or planned by another agency;
(3) Materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants,
user fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of recipients
thereof; or
(4) Raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal
mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in
the Executive Order.
It has been determined that this final rule is not a ``significant
regulatory action'' under the terms of Executive Order 12866 and is
therefore not subject to OMB review.
B. Paperwork Reduction Act
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has approved the
information collection requirements in this rule under the provisions
of the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. and has assigned
OMB control number 2040-0204. An Information Collection Request (ICR)
document has been prepared by EPA (ICR No. 1896.03) and a copy may be
obtained from Susan Auby by mail at Collection Strategies Division;
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2822); 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue,
NW, Washington, DC 20460; by e-mail at: auby.susan@epa.gov; or by
calling (202) 566-1672. The information requirements are not effective
until OMB approves them.
The information to be collected pursuant to today's final rule
fulfills the statutory requirements of section 1445(a)(2) of the SDWA,
as amended in 1996. The data to be collected will describe the source
water, location, and test results for samples taken from PWSs.
Reporting is mandatory. Sec. 141.35. The data are not subject to
confidentiality protection. The cost estimates described below for
Aeromonas monitoring are attributed to laboratory fees, shipping costs,
and some minimal labor burden for reading of requirements and for
collecting samples. For large systems, labor burden estimates also
consider activities related to reporting of results to EPA's UCMR
database.
Average annual non-labor costs for each large system during the
three-year ICR period of 2002-2004 are estimated to be $197. Each large
and small system is required to collect Aeromonas samples an average of
2 times per year for the 2002-2004 period. EPA will incur no additional
labor costs for implementation of today's final rule. The Agency's
annual non-labor costs for the ICR period are estimated to be $50,310.
These non-labor costs are solely attributed to the cost of sample
testing and sample kit shipping for the 180 small systems. Annual costs
and burdens are detailed in the following tables. A detailed discussion
of these costs was presented in the Federal Register published on March
7, 2002 (67 FR 10532, March 7, 2002).
Average Annual PWS Burden and Cost Summary
[2002-2004]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cost
Annual --------------------------------------------
Activity burden Annual Annual Total Annual
hours labor Annual capital annual responses
cost O&M cost cost cost
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
180 Small PWSs (serving 10,000 or fewer)...... 253 $6,086 $0 $0 $6,086 360
120 Large PWSs (greater than 10,000).......... 100 2,403 23,640 0 26,043 240
------------
Total..................................... 353 8,489 23,640 0 32,129 600
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bottom Line Annual Burden and Cost
[2002-2004]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual number of respondents................. 300 = 180 Small PWSs (serving 10,000 or fewer).
+ 120 Large PWSs (serving greater than
10,000).
Total annual responses....................... 600 = 360 Small PWS responses.
+ 240 Large PWS responses.
Annual number of responses per respondent.... 2 = 600 Total annual responses from above.
/300 Total annual respondents from above.
Total annual respondent hours................ 353 = 253 Small PWS.
+ 100 Large PWS.
Hours per response........................... 0.59 = 353 Total annual respondent hours from
/600 above.
Total annual responses from above.
Total annual O&M and capital cost............ $23,640 = $0 180 small PWSs.
+ $23,640 120 large PWSs.
Total annual respondent cost................. $32,129 = $6,086 180 small PWSs.
+ $26,043 120 large PWSs.
Total annual hours (resp. plus Agency)....... 353 = 353 Total annual respondent hours for PWSs.
+ 0 Total annual EPA hours.
Total annual cost (resp. plus Agency)........ $82,440 = Total annual costs nationally.
$32,130 + Total annual respondent costs for PWSs.
$50,310 Total annual EPA costs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note that there is no capital cost associated with this Rule. Primacy agencies do not incur any costs associated
with this Rule.
Today's rule also approves EPA Methods 515.4 and 531.2 to support
monitoring already required under Phase II/V monitoring (Sec. 141.24),
and approves seven additional industry-developed analytical methods.
This part of today's final rule merely allows for the use of additional
standardized methods, offering systems and their laboratories further
operational flexibility. Thus, EPA believes that there is no cost or
burden to public water
[[Page 65893]]
systems associated with the addition of these additional methods. In
addition, because State adoption of analytical methods is voluntary, no
costs are estimated for States related to the additional analytical
methods that are included in today's final rule.
Burden means the total time, effort, or financial resources
expended by persons to generate, maintain, retain, disclose or provide
information to or for a Federal agency. This includes the time needed
to review instructions; develop, acquire, install, and use technology
and systems for the purposes of collecting, validating and verifying
information, processing and maintaining information, and disclosing and
providing information; adjust the existing ways to comply with any
previously applicable instructions and requirements; train personnel to
be able to respond to a collection of information; search data sources;
complete and review the collection of information; and transmit or
otherwise disclose the information.
An Agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required
to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a
currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for EPA's
regulations are listed in 40 CFR part 9 and 48 CFR chapter 15.
C. Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) generally requires an agency
to prepare a regulatory flexibility analysis of any rule subject to
notice and comment rulemaking requirements under the Administrative
Procedure Act or any other statute unless the agency certifies that the
rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities. Small entities include small businesses,
small organizations, and small governmental jurisdictions.
The RFA provides default definitions for each type of small entity.
It also authorizes an agency to use alternative definitions for each
category of small entity, ``which are appropriate to the activities of
the agency'' after proposing the alternative definition(s) in the
Federal Register and taking comment. 5 U.S.C. 601(3)-(5). In addition
to the above, to establish an alternative small business definition,
agencies must consult with the Small Business Administration's (SBA)
Chief Counsel for Advocacy.
For purposes of assessing the impacts of today's rule on small
entities, EPA considered small entities to be public water systems
serving 10,000 persons or fewer. This is the cut-off level specified by
Congress in the 1996 Amendments to the SDWA for small system
flexibility provisions. In accordance with the RFA requirements, EPA
proposed using this alternative definition in the Federal Register, (63
FR 7620, February 13, 1998) requested comment, consulted with SBA, and
expressed its intention to use the alternative definition for all
future drinking water regulations in the Consumer Confidence Reports
regulation (63 FR 44511, August 19, 1998). As stated in that final
rule, the alternative definition would be applied to this regulation as
well.
After considering the economic impacts of today's final rule on
small entities, I certify that this action will not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
As for the UCMR, published on September 17, 1999 (64 FR 50555), EPA
analyzed separately the impact on small privately and publicly owned
water systems because of the different economic characteristics of
these ownership types. For publicly owned systems, EPA used the
``revenue test,'' which compares a system's annual costs attributed to
the rule with the system's annual revenues. EPA used a ``sales test''
for privately owned systems, which involves the analogous comparison of
UCMR-related costs to a privately owned system's sales. Because EPA
does not know the ownership types of the systems selected for Aeromonas
monitoring, the Agency assumes that the distribution of the national
representative sample of small systems will reflect the proportions of
publicly and privately owned systems in the national inventory (as
estimated by EPA's 1995 Community Water System Survey, http://
www.epa.gov/safewater/cwssvr.html). The estimated distribution of the
sample for today's final rule, categorized by ownership type, source
water, and system size, is presented in the following table.
Number of Publicly and Privately Owned Small Systems to Participate in
Screening Survey 2 for Aeromonas
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Publicly Privately
Size category owned owned Total--All
systems systems Systems
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ground Water Systems
500 and under.................... 8 29 37
501 to 3,300..................... 35 16 51
3,301 to 10,000.................. 27 7 34
--------------
Subtotal Ground.............. 70 52 122
--------------
Surface Water Systems
500 and under.................... 5 13 18
501 to 3,300..................... 10 4 14
3,301 to 10,000.................. 20 6 26
--------------
Subtotal Surface............. 35 23 58
==============
Total........................ 105 75 180
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The basis for the UCMR RFA certification for today's final rule,
which approves Method 1605 for the analysis of Aeromonas, was
determined by evaluating the total cost as a percentage of system
revenues/sales. In the worst-case-scenario, the smallest system size
category (i.e., 500 and under) is estimated to have revenues/sales of
approximately $80,000. The total cost attributable to Aeromonas
monitoring for these 55 systems represents less than 0.2 percent of
their annual revenue/sales. The impact for larger systems will be even
less significant. EPA specifically structured the rule to avoid
significantly affecting small entities by assuming all costs for
laboratory
[[Page 65894]]
analyses, shipping, and quality control for small entities. EPA incurs
the entirety of the non-labor costs associated with Aeromonas
monitoring, or 89 percent of all costs. Small systems only incur labor
costs associated with the collection of Aeromonas samples and for
reading about their sampling requirements, with an total labor cost per
system of UCMR implementation of $101.50.
D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), Public
Law 104-4, establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess the
effects of their regulatory actions on State, local, and Tribal
governments and the private sector. Under UMRA section 202, EPA
generally must prepare a written statement, including a cost-benefit
analysis, for proposed and final rules with ``Federal mandates'' that
may result in expenditures to State, local, and Tribal governments, in
the aggregate, or to the private sector, of $100 million or more in any
one year. Before promulgating an EPA rule for which a written statement
is needed, UMRA section 205 generally requires EPA to identify and
consider a reasonable number of regulatory alternatives and adopt the
least costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative that
achieves the objectives of the rule. The provisions of section 205 do
not apply when they are inconsistent with applicable law. Moreover,
section 205 allows EPA to adopt an alternative other than the least
costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative, if the
Administrator publishes with the final rule an explanation of why that
alternative was not adopted.
Before EPA establishes any regulatory requirements that may
significantly or uniquely affect small governments, including Tribal
governments, it must have developed under UMRA section 203 a small
government agency plan. The plan must provide for notifying potentially
affected small governments, enabling officials of affected small
governments to have meaningful and timely input in the development of
EPA regulatory proposals with significant Federal intergovernmental
mandates, and informing, educating, and advising small governments on
compliance with the regulatory requirements.
EPA has determined that today's final rule does not contain a
Federal mandate that may result in expenditures of $100 million or more
for State, local, and Tribal governments, in the aggregate, or for the
private sector in any one year. The only costs resulting from today's
rule are those associated with the Aeromonas screening survey. EPA
estimates that the total cost for State, local, and Tribal governments,
and the private sector for one year of List 2 Screening Survey
monitoring for Aeromonas (in 2003) is approximately $247,320, of which
EPA will pay $150,930 or approximately 61 percent. The total costs not
payed by EPA are $96,390 for the one year of Aeromonas monitoring
(2003). State drinking water programs are assumed to incur no
additional costs associated with the Aeromonas Screening Survey
component of the UCMR. No costs are estimated/incurred for the other
methods included in this final rule since they represent additional
methods that public water systems may elect to use but that are not
required. This rule does not withdraw earlier versions of methods, and
there is no corresponding increase in expenditure or burden. Thus,
today's final rule is not subject to the requirements of UMRA sections
202 and 205.
EPA has determined that this final rule contains no regulatory
requirements that might significantly or uniquely affect small
governments because EPA will pay for the reasonable costs of testing
for the small PWSs required to sample and test for Aeromonas under this
final rule, including those owned and operated by small governments.
The only costs that small systems will incur are those attributed to
collecting the Aeromonas samples and packing them for shipping to the
laboratory (EPA will also pay for shipping). These costs are minimal,
and are neither significant nor unique. For the reasons stated above,
no costs are estimated/incurred for the other methods. Thus, today's
rule is not subject to the requirements of UMRA section 203.
E. Executive Order 13132--Federalism
Executive Order 13132, entitled ``Federalism'' (64 FR 43255, August
10, 1999), requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure
``meaningful and timely input by State and local officials in the
development of regulatory policies that have federalism implications.''
``Policies that have federalism implications'' is defined in the
Executive Order to include regulations that have ``substantial direct
effects on the States, on the relationship between the national
government and the States, or on the distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various levels of government.''
This final rule does not have federalism implications. It will not
have substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship
between the national government and the States, or on the distribution
of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government,
as specified in Executive Order 13132. The objective of this final rule
is to specify approved analytical methods, thereby allowing Aeromonas
to be included in the UCMR Screening Survey program and approving EPA
Methods 515.4 and 531.2 and seven additional industry-developed methods
that public water systems may use to conduct analyses previously
required. The cost to State and local governments is minimal, and the
rule does not preempt State law. Thus, Executive Order 13132 does not
apply to this rule. In the spirit of Executive Order 13132, and
consistent with EPA policy to promote communications between EPA and
State and local governments, EPA specifically solicited comment on the
proposed rule from State and local officials. No comments were received
that concerned issues covered by Executive Order 13132.
F. Executive Order 13175--Consultation and Coordination With Indian
Tribal Governments
Executive Order 13175, titled ``Consultation and Coordination with
Indian Tribal Governments'' (59 FR 22951, November 9, 2000), requires
EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure ``meaningful and timely
input by tribal officials in the development of regulatory policies
that have tribal implications.'' ``Policies that have tribal
implications'' is defined in the Executive Order to include regulations
that have ``substantial direct effects on one or more Indian tribes, on
the relationship between the Federal government and the Indian tribes,
or on the distribution of power and responsiblitities between the
Federal government and Indian tribes.''
This final rule does not have Tribal implications. It will not have
substantial direct effects on Tribal governments, on the relationship
between the Federal government and Indian tribes, or on the
distribution of power and responsibilities between the Federal
government and Indian tribes, as specified in Executive Order 13175.
The objective of this final rule is to specify approved analytical
methods, thereby allowing Aeromonas to be included in the UCMR
Screening Survey program and approving EPA Methods 515.4, 531.2 and
seven additional industry-developed methods that public water systems
may use to conduct analyses previously required. Only one small Indian
Tribal system was selected for
[[Page 65895]]
Aeromonas monitoring. Since this utility will be receiving sampling
assistance from the State of Montana and EPA will pay for all shipping
and analysis costs, the cost to the Tribal government will be minimal.
The rule does not preempt Tribal law. Thus, Executive Order 13175 does
not apply to this rule. Moreover, in the spirit of Executive Order
13175, and consistent with EPA policy to promote communications between
EPA and Tribal governments, EPA specifically solicited comment on the
proposed rule from tribal officials. No comments concerning Tribal
issues were received.
G. Executive Order 13045--Protection of Children From Environmental
Health Risks & Safety Risks
Executive Order 13045, ``Protection of Children from Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks'' (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997), applies
to any rule that: (1) Is determined to be ``economically significant''
as defined under Executive Order 12866, and (2) concerns an
environmental health or safety risk that EPA has reason to believe may
have a disproportionate effect on children. If the regulatory action
meets both criteria, the Agency must evaluate the environmental health
or safety effects of the planned rule on children, and explain why the
planned regulation is preferable to other potentially effective and
reasonably feasible alternatives considered by the Agency.
This final rule is not subject to Executive Order 13045 because it
is not ``economically significant'' as defined under Executive Order
12866. Further, this final rule does not concern an environmental
health or safety risk that EPA has reason to believe may have a
disproportionate effect on children.
H. Executive Order 13211--Actions That Significantly Affect Energy
Supply, Distribution, or Use
This rule is not subject to Executive Order 13211, ``Actions
Concerning Regulations That Significantly Effect Energy Supply,
Distribution, or Use'' (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001) because it is not a
significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866.
I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
As noted in the proposed rule, section 12(d) of the National
Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law
104-113, section12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272 note) directs EPA to use voluntary
consensus standards in its regulatory activities unless to do so would
be inconsistent with applicable law or otherwise impractical. Voluntary
consensus standards are technical standards (e.g., materials
specifications, test methods, sampling procedures, and business
practices) that are developed or adopted by voluntary consensus
standards bodies. The NTTAA directs EPA to provide Congress, through
OMB, explanations when the Agency decides not to use available and
applicable voluntary consensus standards.
This rulemaking involves technical standards. Therefore, the Agency
conducted a search to identify potentially applicable voluntary
consensus standards. EPA identified no voluntary consensus standards
for Aeromonas. Therefore, EPA has approved only EPA Method 1605 for
Aeromonas monitoring.
Concerning the approval of EPA Method 515.4, while the Agency
identified two new voluntary consensus methods (American Society for
Testing and Materials (ASTM) D5317-98, and SM 6640 B) for the
chlorinated acids as being potentially applicable, they are not
included in this rule. EPA has decided not to approve SM 6640 B because
the use of this voluntary consensus standard would have been
impractical due to significant shortcomings in the sample preparation
and quality control sections of the method instructions. Section 1b of
Method SM 6640 B states that the alkaline wash detailed in section 4b2
is optional. The hydrolysis that occurs during this step is essential
to the analysis of the esters of many of the analytes. Therefore, this
step is necessary and cannot be optional. In addition, the method
specifies that the quality control limits for laboratory fortified
blanks are to be based upon plus or minus three times the standard
deviation of the mean recovery of the analytes, as determined in each
laboratory. Therefore, this method permits unacceptably large control
limits which may include 0 percent recovery. ASTM D5317-98 specifies
acceptance windows for the initial demonstration of proficiency for
laboratory fortified blank samples that are as small as 0 percent to as
large as 223 percent recovery for picloram, with tighter criteria for
other regulated contaminants. Therefore, this method permits
unacceptably large control limits which include 0 percent recovery.
Since SM 6640 B has significant shortcomings in the sample preparation
and quality control sections and D5317-98 has unacceptably large
quality control limits use of these methods for drinking water analysis
is impractical. Therefore, EPA is approving only EPA Method 515.4 for
the chlorinated acids at this time.
Concerning the approval of EPA Method 531.2, while the Agency
identified two new voluntary consensus methods (Standard Method 6610,
20th Edition, and Standard Method 6610, 20th Supplemental Edition) as
being potentially applicable for the analysis of carbamates, the Agency
is not approving them in this rulemaking. Standard Method 6610, 20th
Edition has recently been approved for compliance monitoring. Standard
Method 6610, 20th Supplemental Edition permits the use of a strong
acid, hydrochloric acid (HCL), as a preservative. The preservatives in
all of the other approved EPA and Standard Methods procedures for these
analytes are weak acids that adjust the pH to a specific value based
upon the pKa of the preservative. The use of HCL would require accurate
determinations of the pH of the sample in the field and could be
subject to considerable error and possible changes in pH upon storage.
Although not specifically observed for oxamyl or carbofuran during the
development of similar methods, structurally similar pesticides have
been shown to degrade over time when kept at pH 3. Therefore, approval
of this method is impractical because it specifies the use of a strong
acid (HCL) when positive control of the pH is critical. Therefore, EPA
is approving only EPA Method 531.2 for determining oxamyl and
carbofuran.
The seven other analytical methods being approved in this
regulation are additional analytical methods for use in drinking water
compliance monitoring, submitted to EPA by industry. These industry-
developed methods will supplement existing approved methods, some of
which are voluntary consensus standards.
J. Executive Order 12898--Federal Actions to Address Environmental
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations
Executive Order 12898, ``Federal Actions to Address Environmental
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations'' (February
11, 1994), focuses Federal attention on the environmental and human
health conditions of minority and low-income populations with the goal
of achieving environmental protection for all communities. This
regulation adds new analytic methods to part 141. It does not withdraw
any currently approved methods nor does it add or alter any current
monitoring requirement. The purpose of this regulation is to provide
additional analytical methods for
[[Page 65896]]
drinking water utilities to use to meet the currently existing
monitoring requirements. EPA has determined that there are no
environmental justice issues in this rulemaking.
K. Congressional Review Act
The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the
Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA),
generally provides that before a rule may take effect, the Agency
promulgating the rule must submit a rule report, which includes a copy
of the rule, to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller
General of the United States. EPA will submit a report containing this
rule and other required information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House
of Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the United States
prior to publication of the rule in the Federal Register. A major rule
cannot take effect until 60 days after it is published in the Federal
Register. This action is not a ``major rule'' as defined by 5 U.S.C.
804(2). This rule will be effective on November 29, 2002.
L. Administrative Procedures Act
Section 553 of the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C.
553(b)(B), provides that, when an agency for good cause finds that
notice and public procedure are impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary
to the public interest, the agency may issue a rule without providing
prior notice and an opportunity for public comment. EPA is publishing
several rule changes related to today's action that were not included
in the proposal. First, the address for the Water Docket has been
corrected in Sec. 141.24(e)(1) and in the text accompanying the tables
at Sec. Sec. 141.21(f)(3), 141.23(k)(1), 141.40(a)(3) and
141.74(a)(1). Second, the address for the Water Resource Center has
been corrected in footnote 6 to the table in Sec. 141.21(f)(3).
Finally, the address for the National Technical Information Service was
added in footnote 6 to the table at Sec. 141.23(k)(1). EPA has
determined that there is ``good cause'' for making these rule changes
final without prior proposal and opportunity for comment because these
rule changes have no substantive impact and merely correct or replace
outdated CFR text. Thus, notice and public procedure are unnecessary.
EPA finds that this constitutes ``good cause'' under 5 U.S.C.
553(b)(B). For the same reasons, EPA is making these rule changes
effective upon publication. 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3).
M. Plain Language Directive
Executive Order 12866 calls for each agency to write its rules in
plain language. Readable regulations help the public find requirements
quickly and understand them easily. They increase compliance,
strengthen enforcement, and decrease mistakes, frustration, phone
calls, appeals, and distrust of government. EPA made every effort to
write this preamble to the final rule in as clear, concise, and
unambiguous manner as possible. Today's final rule language is largely
in a table format consistent with the format of the CFR sections being
amended.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 141
Environmental protection, Chemicals, Indians-lands, Incorporation
by reference, Intergovernmental relations, Radiation protection,
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Water supply.
Dated: October 18, 2002.
Christine Todd Whitman,
Administrator.
For the reasons set out in the preamble, title 40, chapter I of the
Code of Federal Regulations is amended as follows:
PART 141--NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS
1. The authority citation for part 141 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 300f, 300g-1, 300g-2, 300g-3, 300g-4, 300g-
5, 300g-6, 300j-4, 300j-9, and 300j-11.
2. Section 141.21 is amended:
a. By revising the Table in paragraph (f)(3);
b. By adding paragraphs (f)(6) (viii) and (ix).
The revision and additions read as follows:
Sec. 141.21 Coliform sampling.
* * * * *
(f) * * *
(3) * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Organism Methodology \12\ Citation \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Coliforms \2\................... Total Coliform Fermentation Technique 9221A, B
3,4,5.
Total Coliform Membrane Filter Technique 9222 A, B, C
\6\.
Presence-Absence (P-A) Coliform Test 5,7 9221 D
ONPG-MUG Test \8\....................... 9223
Colisure Test \9\
E*Colite[reg]
Test \10\
m-ColiBlue24[reg]
Test \11\
Readycult[reg]
Coliforms 100 Presence/
Absence Test \13\
Membrane Filter Technique using
Chromocult[reg]
Coliform Agar \14\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The procedures shall be done in accordance with the documents listed below. The incorporation by reference of
the following documents listed in footnotes 1, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13 and 14 was approved by the Director of the
Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51. Copies of the documents may be obtained
from the sources listed below. Information regarding obtaining these documents can be obtained from the Safe
Drinking Water Hotline at 800-426-4791. Documents may be inspected at EPA's Drinking Water Docket, EPA West,
1301 Constitution Avenue, NW, EPA West, Room B102, Washington DC 20460 (Telephone: 202-566-2426); or at the
Office of Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 700, Washington, D.C. 20408.
\1\ Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 18th edition (1992), 19th edition (1995), or
20th edition (1998). American Public Health Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. The
cited methods published in any of these three editions may be used.
\2\ The time from sample collection to initiation of analysis may not exceed 30 hours. Systems are encouraged
but not required to hold samples below 10 deg. C during transit.
\3\ Lactose broth, as commercially available, may be used in lieu of lauryl tryptose broth, if the system
conducts at least 25 parallel tests between this medium and lauryl tryptose broth using the water normally
tested, and this comparison demonstrates that the false-positive rate and false-negative rate for total
coliform, using lactose broth, is less than 10 percent.
\4\ If inverted tubes are used to detect gas production, the media should cover these tubes at least one-half to
two-thirds after the sample is added.
\5\ No requirement exists to run the completed phase on 10 percent of all total coliform-positive confirmed
tubes.
\6\ MI agar also may be used. Preparation and use of MI agar is set forth in the article, ``New medium for the
simultaneous detection of total coliform and Escherichia coli in water'' by Brenner, K.P., et. al., 1993,
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:3534-3544. Also available from the Office of Water Resource Center (RC-4100T),
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington DC, 20460, EPA/600/J-99/225. Verification of colonies is not
required.
[[Page 65897]]
\7\ Six-times formulation strength may be used if the medium is filter-sterilized rather than autoclaved.
\8\ The ONPG-MUG Test is also known as the Autoanalysis Colilert System.
\9\ A description of the Colisure Test, Feb 28, 1994, may be obtained from IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., One IDEXX
Drive, Westbrook, Maine 04092. The Colisure Test may be read after an incubation time of 24 hours.
\10\ A description of the E*Colite[reg]
Test, ``Presence/Absence for Coliforms and E. Coli in Water,'' Dec 21,
1997, is available from Charm Sciences, Inc., 36 Franklin Street, Malden, MA 02148-4120.
\11\ A description of the m-ColiBlue24[reg]
Test, Aug 17, 1999, is available from the Hach Company, 100 Dayton
Avenue, Ames, IA 50010.
\12\ EPA strongly recommends that laboratories evaluate the false-positive and negative rates for the method(s)
they use for monitoring total coliforms. EPA also encourages laboratories to establish false-positive and
false-negative rates within their own laboratory and sample matrix (drinking water or source water) with the
intent that if the method they choose has an unacceptable false-positive or negative rate, another method can
be used. The Agency suggests that laboratories perform these studies on a minimum of 5% of all total coliform-
positive samples, except for those methods where verification/confirmation is already required, e.g., the M-
Endo and LES Endo Membrane Filter Tests, Standard Total Coliform Fermentation Technique, and Presence-Absence
Coliform Test. Methods for establishing false-positive and negative-rates may be based on lactose
fermentation, the rapid test for [beta]-galactosidase and cytochrome oxidase, multi-test identification
systems, or equivalent confirmation tests. False-positive and false-negative information is often available in
published studies and/or from the manufacturer(s).
\13\ The Readycult[reg]
Coliforms 100 Presence/Absence Test is described in the document, ``Readycult[reg]
Coliforms 100 Presence/Absence Test for Detection and Identification of Coliform Bacteria and Escherichla coli
in Finished Waters'', November 2000, Version 1.0, available from EM Science (an affiliate of Merck KGgA,
Darmstadt Germany), 480 S. Democrat Road, Gibbstown, NJ 08027-1297. Telephone number is (800) 222-0342, e-mail
address is: adellenbusch@emscience.com.
\14\ Membrane Filter Technique using Chromocult[reg]
Coliform Agar is described in the document,
``Chromocult[reg]
Coliform Agar Presence/Absence Membrane Filter Test Method for Detection and Identification
of Coliform Bacteria and Escherichla coli in Finished Waters'', November 2000, Version 1.0, available from EM
Science (an affiliate of Merck KGgA, Darmstadt Germany), 480 S. Democrat Road, Gibbstown, NJ 08027-1297.
Telephone number is (800) 222-0342, e-mail address is: adellenbusch@emscience.com.
* * * * *
(6) * * *
(viii) Readycult[reg]
Coliforms 100 Presence/Absence Test, a
description of which is cited in footnote 13 to the table at paragraph
(f)(3) of this section.
(ix) Membrane Filter Technique using Chromocult[reg]
Coliform Agar,
a description of which is cited in footnote 14 to the table at
paragraph (f)(3) of this section.
* * * * *
3. Section 141.23 is amended by revising the entry for ``Cyanide''
in the table in paragraph (a)(4)(i) and in the table in paragraph
(k)(1) to read as follows:
Sec. 141.23 Inorganic chemical sampling and analytical requirements.
* * * * *
(a) * * *
(4) * * *
(i) * * *
Detection Limits for Inorganic Contaminants
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MCL (mg/
Contaminant L) Methodology Detection limit (mg/L)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
Cyanide........................ 0.2 Distillation, Spectrophotometric \3\....... 0.02
......... Distillation, Automated, Spectrophotometric 0.005
\3\.
......... Distillation, Amenable, Spectrophotometric 0.02
\4\.
......... Distillation, Selective Electrode \3\...... 0.05
......... UV, Distillation, Spectrophotometric....... 0.0005
......... istillation, Spectrophotometric............ 0.0006
* * * * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ Screening method for total cyanides.
\4\ Measures ``free'' cyanides.
* * * * *
(k) * * *
(1) * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Contaminant and methodology \13\ EPA ASTM \3\ SM \4\ (18th, 19th ed.) SM \4\ (20th ed.) Other
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
12. Cyanide:
Manual Distillation followed D2036-98A..................... 4500-CN- C.................... 4500-CN- C....................
by.
----------------------------------
Spectrophotometric Manual D2036-98A..................... 4500-CN- E.................... 4500-CN- E.................... I-3300-85 \5\
Spectrophotometric Semi- 335.4 \6\
automated.
Spectrophotometric, D2036-98B..................... 4500-CN- G.................... 4500-CN- G....................
Amenable.
Selective Electrode.......... 4500-CN- F.................... 4500-CN- F....................
UV/Distillation/ Kelada 01 \17\
Spectrophotometric.
Distillation/ QuikChem 10-204-00-1-X \18\
Spectrophotometric.
[[Page 65898]]
* * * * * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The procedures shall be done in accordance with the documents listed below. The incorporation by reference of the following documents listed in footnotes 1-11,16 and 17-18 was approved by the
Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies of the documents may be obtained from the sources listed below. Information regarding obtaining
these documents can be obtained from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 800-426-4791. Documents may be inspected at EPA's Drinking Water Docket, 1301 Constitution Avenue, NW., EPA West, Room
B102, Washington, DC 20460 (Telephone: 202-566-2426); or at the Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., Suite 700, Washington, DC.
3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1994, 1996, or 1999, Vols. 11.01 and 11.02, ASTM International; any year containing the cited version of the method may be used. The previous versions of D1688-
95A, D1688-95C (copper), D3559-95D (lead), D1293-95 (pH), D1125-91A (conductivity) and D859-94 (silica) are also approved. These previous versions D1688-90A, C; D3559-90D, D1293-84, D1125-
91A and D859-88, respectively are located in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1994, Vol. 11.01. Copies may be obtained from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA
19428.
4 Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 18th edition (1992), 19th edition (1995), or 20th edition (1998). American Public Health Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street,
NW., Washington, DC 20005. The cited methods published in any of these three editions may be used, except that the versions of 3111B, 3111D, 3113B and 3114B in the 20th edition may not be
used.
5 Method I-2601-90, Methods for Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of Inorganic and Organic Constituents in Water and Fluvial Sediments,
Open File Report 93-125, 1993; For Methods I-1030-85; I-1601-85; I-1700-85; I-2598-85; I-2700-85; and I-3300-85 See Techniques of Water Resources Investigation of the U.S. Geological Survey,
Book 5, Chapter A-1, 3rd ed.,1989; Available from Information Services, U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center, Box 25286, Denver, CO 80225-0425.
6 ``Methods for the Determination of Inorganic Substances in Environmental Samples'', EPA/600/R-93/100, August 1993. Available at NTIS, PB94-120821. Available at NTIS, PB94-120821, 5285 Port
Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. The toll free telephone number is 800-553-6847.
* * * * *
13 Because MDLs reported in EPA Methods 200.7 and 200.9 were determined using a 2X preconcentration step during sample digestion, MDLs determined when samples are analyzed by direct analysis
(i.e., no sample digestion) will be higher. For direct analysis of cadmium and arsenic by Method 200.7, and arsenic by Method 3120 B sample preconcentration using pneumatic nebulization may
be required to achieve lower detection limits. Preconcentration may also be required for direct analysis of antimony, lead, and thallium by Method 200.9; antimony and lead by Method 3113 B;
and lead by Method D3559-90D unless multiple in-furnace depositions are made.
* * * * *
17 The description for the Kelada 01 Method, ``Kelada Automated Test Methods for Total Cyanide, Acid Dissociable Cyanide, And Thiocyanate'', Revision 1.2, August 2001, EPA # 821-B-01-
009 for cyanide is available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), PB 2001-108275, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. The toll free telephone number is 800-553-
6847.
18 The description for the QuikChem Method 10-204-00-1-X, ``Digestion and distillation of total cyanide in drinking and wastewaters using MICRO DIST and determination of cyanide by flow
injection analysis'', Revision 2.1, November 30, 2000 for cyanide is available from Lachat Instruments, 6645 W. Mill Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53218, USA. Phone: 414-358-4200.
* * * * *
4. Section 141.24 is amended by revising paragraph (e)(1),
introductory text and the table in paragraph (e)(1) to read as follows:
Sec. 141.24 Organic chemical, sampling and analytical requirements.
* * * * *
(e) * * *
(1) The following documents are incorporated by reference. This
incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal
Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies
may be inspected at EPA's Drinking Water Docket, 1301 Constitution
Avenue, NW., EPA West, Room B102, Washington DC 20460 (Telephone: 202-
566-2426); or at the Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol
Street, NW., Suite 700, Washington, DC. Method 508A and 515.1 are in
Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water,
EPA/600/4-88-039, December 1988, Revised, July 1991. Methods 547, 550
and 550.1 are in Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in
Drinking Water--Supplement I, EPA/600-4-90-020, July 1990. Methods
548.1, 549.1, 552.1 and 555 are in Methods for the Determination of
Organic Compounds in Drinking Water--Supplement II, EPA/600/R-92-129,
August 1992. Methods 502.2, 504.1, 505, 506, 507, 508, 508.1, 515.2,
524.2, 525.2, 531.1, 551.1 and 552.2 are in Methods for the
Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water--Supplement III,
EPA/600/R-95-131, August 1995. Method 1613 is titled ``Tetra-through
Octa-Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans by Isotope-Dilution HRGC/HRMS'',
EPA/821-B-94-005, October 1994. These documents are available from the
National Technical Information Service, NTIS PB91-231480, PB91-146027,
PB92-207703, PB95-261616 and PB95-104774, U.S. Department of Commerce,
5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161. The toll-free number
is 800-553-6847. Method 6651 shall be followed in accordance with
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 18th
edition (1992), 19th edition (1995), or 20th edition (1998), American
Public Health Association (APHA); any of these three editions may be
used. Method 6610 shall be followed in accordance with Standard Methods
for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, (18th Edition Supplement)
(1994), or with the 19th edition (1995) or 20th edition (1998) of
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater; any of
these three editions may be used. The APHA documents are available from
APHA, 1015 Fifteenth Street NW., Washington, D.C. 20005. Other required
analytical test procedures germane to the conduct of these analyses are
contained in Technical Notes on Drinking Water Methods, EPA/600/R-94-
173, October 1994, NTIS PB95-104766. EPA Methods 515.3 and 549.2 are
available from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure
Research Laboratory (NERL)-Cincinnati, 26 West Martin Luther King
Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268. ASTM Method D 5317-93 is available in the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, (1999), Vol. 11.02, ASTM International,
100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, or in any edition
published after 1993. EPA Method 515.4, ``Determination of Chlorinated
Acids in Drinking Water by Liquid-Liquid Microextraction,
Derivatization and Fast Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture
Detection,'' Revision 1.0, April 2000, EPA /815/B-00/001 can be
accessed and downloaded directly on-line at www.epa.gov/safewater/
methods/sourcalt.html. The Syngenta AG-625, ``Atrazine in Drinking
Water by Immunoassay'', February 2001 is available from Syngenta Crop
Protection, Inc., 410 Swing Road, Post Office Box 18300, Greensboro, NC
[[Page 65899]]
27419, Phone number (336) 632-6000. Method 531.2 ``Measurement of N-
methylcarbamoyloximes and N-methylcarbamates in Water by Direct Aqueous
Injection HPLC with Postcolumn Derivatization,'' Revision 1.0,
September 2001, EPA 815/B/01/002 can be accessed and downloaded
directly on-line at www.epa.gov/safewater/methods/sourcalt.html.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Contaminant EPA method 1 Standard methods ASTM Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Benzene.......................... 502.2, 524.2...............
2. Carbon tetrachloride............. 502.2, 524.2, 551.1........
3. Chlorobenzene.................... 502.2, 524.2...............
4. 1,2-Dichlorobenzene.............. 502.2, 524.2...............
5. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene.............. 502.2, 524.2...............
6. 1,2-Dichloroethane............... 502.2, 524.2...............
7. cis-Dichloroethylene............. 502.2, 524.2...............
8. trans-Dichloroethylene........... 502.2, 524.2...............
9. Dichloromethane.................. 502.2, 524.2...............
10. 1,2-Dichloropropane............. 502.2, 524.2...............
11. Ethylbenzene.................... 502.2, 524.2...............
12. Styrene......................... 502.2, 524.2...............
13. Tetrachloroethylene............. 502.2, 524.2, 551.1........
14. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane........... 502.2, 524.2, 551.1........
15. Trichloroethylene............... 502.2, 524.2, 551.1........
16. Toluene......................... 502.2, 524.2...............
17. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene.......... 502.2, 524.2...............
18. 1,1-Dichloroethylene............ 502.2, 524.2...............
19. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane........... 502.2, 524.2, 551.1........
20. Vinyl chloride.................. 502.2, 524.2...............
21. Xylenes (total)................. 502.2, 524.2...............
22. 2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin)........... 1613.......................
23. 2,4-D 4 (as acid, salts and 515.2, 555, 515.1, 515.3, ........................... D5317-93...................
esters). 515.4.
24. 2,4,5-TP 4 (Silvex)............. 515.2, 555, 515.1, 515.3, ........................... D5317-93...................
515.4.
25. Alachlor 2...................... 507, 525.2, 508.1, 505,
551.1.
26. Atrazine 2...................... 507, 525.2, 508.1, 505, ........................... ........................... Syngenta AG-625.
551.1.
27. Benzo(a)pyrene.................. 525.2, 550, 550.1..........
28. Carbofuran...................... 531.1, 531.2............... 6610.......................
29. Chlordane....................... 508, 525.2, 508.1, 505.....
30. Dalapon......................... 552.1, 515.1, 552.2, 515.3,
515.4.
31. Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate......... 506, 525.2.................
32. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate....... 506, 525.2.................
33. Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)..... 504.1, 551.1...............
34. Dinoseb 4....................... 515.2, 555, 515.1, 515.3,
515.4.
35. Diquat.......................... 549.2......................
36. Endothall....................... 548.1......................
37. Endrin.......................... 508, 525.2, 508.1, 505,
551.1.
38. Ethylene dibromide (EDB)........ 504.1, 551.1...............
39. Glyphosate...................... 547........................ 6651.......................
40. Heptachlor...................... 508, 525.2, 508.1, 505,
551.1.
41. Heptachlor Epoxide.............. 508, 525.2, 508.1, 505,
551.1.
[[Page 65900]]
42. Hexachlorobenzene............... 508, 525.2, 508.1, 505,
551.1.
43. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene....... 508, 525.2, 508.1, 505,
551.1.
44. Lindane......................... 508, 525.2, 508.1, 505,
551.1.
45. Methoxychlor.................... 508, 525.2, 508.1, 505,
551.1.
46. Oxamyl.......................... 531.1, 531.2............... 6610.......................
47. PCBs 3 (as decachlorobiphenyl).. 508A.......................
48. PCBs 3 (as Aroclors)............ 508.1, 508, 525.2, 505.....
49. Pentachlorophenol............... 515.2, 525.2, 555, 515.1, ........................... D5317-93...................
515.3, 515.4.
50. Picloram 4...................... 515.2, 555, 515.1, 515.3, ........................... D5317-93...................
515.4.
51. Simazine 2...................... 507, 525.2, 508.1, 505,
551.1.
52. Toxaphene....................... 508, 508.1, 525.2, 505.....
53. Total Trihalomethanes........... 502.2, 524.2, 551.1........
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ For previously approved EPA methods which remain available for compliance monitoring until June 1, 2001, see paragraph (e)(2) of this section.
\2\ Substitution of the detector specified in Method 505, 507, 508 or 508.1 for the purpose of achieving lower detection limits is allowed as follows.
Either an electron capture or nitrogen phosphorous detector may be used provided all regulatory requirements and quality control criteria are met.
\3\ PCBs are qualitatively identified as Aroclors and measured for compliance purposes as decachlorobiphenyl. Users of Method 505 may have more
difficulty in achieving the required detection limits than users of Methods 508.1, 525.2 or 508.
\4\ Accurate determination of the chlorinated esters requires hydrolysis of the sample as described in EPA Methods 515.1, 515.2, 515.3, 515.4 and 555
and ASTM Method D5317-93.
* * * * *
5. Section 141.40 is amended by revising in Table 1, the second
``List 2--Screening Survey Microbiological Contaminants to be sampled
after notice of analytical methods availability'' under paragraph
(a)(3), and revising footnote h, to read as follows:
Sec. 141.40 Monitoring requirements for unregulated contaminants.
(a) * * *
(3) * * *
Table 1. Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (1999) List
* * * * * * *
List 2--Screening Survey Microbiological Contaminants to be sampled
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6--period during which
1--contaminant 2--identification number 3--analytical methods 4--minimum reporting level 5--sampling location monitoring to be completed
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aeromonas....................... NA............................ EPA Method 1605 h............. 0.2--CFU/100mL f.............. Distribution Systemg.......... 2003
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Column headings are:
1--Chemical or microbiological contaminant: the name of the contaminants to be analyzed.
2--CAS (Chemical Abstract Service Number) Registry No. or Identification Number: a unique number identifying the chemical contaminants.
3--Analytical Methods: method numbers identifying the methods that must be used to test the contaminants.
4--Minimum Reporting Level: the value and unit of measure at or above which the concentration or density of the contaminant must be measured using the Approved Analytical Methods.
5--Sampling Location: the locations within a PWS at which samples must be collected.
6--Years During Which Monitoring to be Completed: the years during which the sampling and testing are to occur for the indicated contaminant.
[[Page 65901]]
The procedures shall be done in accordance with the documents listed next in these footnotes. The incorporation by reference of the following documents listed in footnotes a-c and h was
approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies of the documents may be obtained from the following sources. Information
regarding obtaining these documents can be obtained from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 800-426-4791. Copies of the documents may be obtained from the sources listed in these footnotes.
Information regarding obtaining these documents can be obtained from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 800-476-4791. Documents may be inspected at EPA's Drinking Water Docket, 1301
Constitution Avenue, NW., EPA West, Room B102, Washington DC 20460 (Telephone: 202-566-2426); or at the Office of Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., Suite 700, Washington, DC.
\f\ Minimum Reporting Level represents the value of the lowest concentration precision and accuracy determination made during methods development and documented in the method. If method
options are permitted, the concentration used was for the least sensitive option.
\g\ Three samples must be taken from the distribution system, which is owned or controlled by the selected PWS. The sample locations must include one sample from a point (MD from Sec.
141.35(d)(3), Table 1) where the disinfectant residual is representative of the distribution system. This sample location may be selected from sample locations which have been previously
identified for samples to be analyzed for coliform indicator bacteria. Coliform sample locations encompass a variety of sites including midpoint samples which may contain a disinfectant
residual that is typical of the system. Coliform sample locations are described in 40 CFR 141.21. This same approach must be used for the Aeromonas midpoint sample where the disinfectant
residual would not have declined and would be typical for the distribution system. Additionally, two samples must be taken from two different locations: The distal or dead-end location in
the distribution system (MR from Sec. 141.35(d)(3), Table 1), avoiding disinfectant booster stations, and from a location where previous determinations have indicated the lowest
disinfectant residual in the distribution system (LD from Sec. 141.35(d)(3), Table 1). If these two locations of distal and low disinfectant residual sites coincide, then the second sample
must be taken at a location between the MD and MR sites. Locations in the distribution system where the disinfectant residual is expected to be low are similar to TTHM sampling points.
Sampling locations for TTHMs are described in 63 FR 69468.
\h\ EPA Method 1605 ``Aeromonas in Finished Water by Membrane Filtration using Ampicillin-Dextrin Agar with Vancomycin (ADA-V)'', October 2001, EPA # 821-R-01-034. The method can be
accessed and downloaded directly on-line at www.epa.gov/microbes.
* * * * *
6. Section 141.74 is amended by revising the table in paragraph
(a)(1) to read as follows:
Sec. 141.74 Analytical and monitoring requirements.
(a) * * *
(1) * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Organism Methodology Citation \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Coliform \2\.................... Total Coliform Fermentation Technique 3 9221 A, B, C
4 5.
Total Coliform Membrane Filter Technique 9222 A, B, C
\6\.
ONPG-MUG Test \7\....................... 9223
Fecal Coliforms \2\................... Fecal Coliform Procedure \8\............ 9221 E
Fecal Coliform Filter Procedure......... 9222 D
Heterotrophic bacteria \2\............ Pour Plate Method....................... 9215 B
SimPlate \11\...........................
Turbidity............................. Nephelometric Method.................... 2130 B
Nephelometric Method.................... 180.1 \9\
Great Lakes Instruments................. Method 2 \10\
Hach FilterTrak......................... 10133 \12\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The procedures shall be done in accordance with the documents listed below. The incorporation by reference of
the following documents listed in footnotes 1, 6, 7 and 9-12 was approved by the Director of the Federal
Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies of the documents may be obtained from
the sources listed below. Information regarding obtaining these documents can be obtained from the Safe
Drinking Water Hotline at 800-426-4791. Documents may be inspected at EPA's Drinking Water Docket, 1301
Constitution Avenue, NW., EPA West, Room B102, Washington DC 20460 (Telephone: 202-566-2426); or at the Office
of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., Suite 700, Washington, DC 20408.
\1\ Except where noted, all methods refer to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 18th
edition (1992), 19th edition (1995), or 20th edition (1998), American Public Health Association, 1015
Fifteenth Street, NW., Washington, DC 20005. The cited methods published in any of these three editions may be
used.
\2\ The time from sample collection to initiation of analysis may not exceed 8 hours. Systems must hold samples
below 10 deg. C during transit.
\3\ Lactose broth, as commercially available, may be used in lieu of lauryl tryptose broth, if the system
conducts at least 25 parallel tests between this medium and lauryl tryptose broth using the water normally
tested, and this comparison demonstrates that the false-positive rate and false-negative rate for total
coliform, using lactose broth, is less than 10 percent.
\4\ Media should cover inverted tubes at least one-half to two-thirds after the sample is added.
\5\ No requirement exists to run the completed phase on 10 percent of all total coliform-positive confirmed
tubes.
\6\ MI agar also may be used. Preparation and use of MI agar is set forth in the article, ``New medium for the
simultaneous detection of total coliform and Escherichia coli in water'' by Brenner, K.P., et. al., 1993,
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:3534-3544. Also available from the Office of Water Resource Center (RC-4100T),
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington DC 20460, EPA/600/J-99/225. Verification of colonies is not
required.
\7\ The ONPG-MUG Test is also known as the Autoanalysis Colilert System.
\8\ A-1 Broth may be held up to three months in a tightly closed screw cap tube at 4 deg. C.
\9\ ``Methods for the Determination of Inorganic Substances in Environmental Samples'', EPA/600/R-93/100, August
1993. Available at NTIS, PB94-121811.
\10\ GLI Method 2, ``Turbidity'', November 2, 1992, Great Lakes Instruments, Inc., 8855 North 55th Street,
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53223.
\11\ A description of the SimPlate method, ``IDEXX SimPlate TM HPC Test Method for Heterotrophs in Water'',
November 2000, can be obtained from IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., One IDEXX Drive, Westbrook, Maine 04092,
telephone (800) 321-0207.
\12\ A description of the Hach FilterTrak Method 10133, ``Determination of Turbidity by Laser Nephelometry'',
January 2000, Revision 2.0, can be obtained from; Hach Co., P.O. Box 389, Loveland, Colorado 80539-0389.
Phone: 800-227-4224.
[[Page 65902]]
* * * * *
[FR Doc. 02-27133 Filed 10-28-02; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
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