|
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|
|
1995
Survey
SE
(N)
|
2000
Survey
SE
(N) |
|
Number of employees taking leave (for a
covered
reason) in the previous 18 months |
657,248.17
(1,172) |
876,388.45
(1,229) |
|
Percent of employee population |
0.75
(1,172) |
0.63
(1,229) |
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 2.2SE. Standard Errors for Table 2.2: Length of
Second Longest Leave:
2000 Survey
|
Length of Second Longest Leave |
Those Taking More
Than One Leave
SE
(N) |
|
1 – 3 days |
4.81
(101) |
|
4 – 5 days |
3.35
(76) |
|
6 – 10 days |
2.07
(48) |
|
11 – 20 days |
1.12
(23) |
|
More than 20 days |
1.63
(31) |
|
Number of Leave-Takers Taking
More Than One
Leave |
525,052.51
(288) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 2.3SE. Standard Errors for Table 2.3: Reasons
for Taking Leave
Across All Leaves Taken in Previous 18 Months: 2000
Survey
|
Reason for Leave |
Leave-Takers
SE
(N) |
|
Own health |
2.40
(630) |
|
Maternity-disability |
1.10
(98) |
|
Care for a newborn, newly adopted, or
newly
placed foster child |
1.99
(203) |
|
Care for ill child |
1.35
(135) |
|
Care for ill spouse |
0.61
(93) |
|
Care for ill parent |
1.33
(172) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 2.4SE. Standard Errors for Table 2.4: Reasons
for Taking Leave
Across All Leaves Taken, Based on Total Employee
Population:
2000 Survey
|
Reason for Leave |
All Employees
SE (N)
|
|
Own health |
0.52(630)
|
|
Maternity-disability |
0.18
(98) |
|
Care for a newborn, newly adopted, or newly placed
foster child |
0.37
(203) |
|
Care for ill child |
0.24
(135) |
|
Care for ill spouse |
0.10
(93) |
|
Care for ill parent |
0.22
(172) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 2.5SE. Standard Errors for Table 2.5:
Employees’ Reasons for Taking
Longest Leave: 1995 and 2000
Surveys
|
|
Leave-Takers |
|
Reason for Longest Leave |
1995
Survey
SE
(N) |
2000
Survey
SE
(N) |
|
Own health |
1.92
(704) |
1.88
(582) |
|
Maternity-disability |
0.61
(62) |
1.10
(95) |
|
Care for a newborn, newly adopted, or newly placed
foster child |
1.26
(176) |
2.04
(194) |
|
Care for ill child |
1.15
(95) |
1.30
(112) |
|
Care for ill spouse |
0.45
(46) |
0.56
(84) |
|
Care for ill parent |
0.94
(89) |
1.19
(152) |
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 2.6SE. Standard Errors for Table 2.6:
Employees’ Reasons for Second
Longest Leave: 2000 Survey
|
Reason for Second Longest Leave |
Persons Taking More
Than One Leave
SE
(N) |
|
Own health |
4.82
(140) |
|
Maternity-disability |
0.73
(6) |
|
Care for a newborn, newly adopted,
or newly
placed foster child |
1.43
(13) |
|
Care for ill child |
4.18
(48) |
|
Care for ill spouse |
1.20
(15) |
|
Care for ill parent |
2.29
(45) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 2.7SE. Standard Errors for Table 2.7: Length of
Longest Leave by Reason for Leave: 2000 Survey
|
|
Leave-Takers for Each Reason |
|
Length of
Longest Leave
(in work
days) |
Own
Health
SE
(N) |
Maternity-
Disability
SE
(N) |
Care for
Newborn,
Newly
Adopted
or
Foster Child
SE
(N) |
Care for
Ill Child
SE
(N)
|
Care for
Ill Spouse
SE
(N) |
Care for
Ill Parent
SE
(N)
|
|
1 – 3 days |
1.58
(44) |
1.10
(1) |
2.53
(22) |
3.69
(37) |
5.28
(19) |
3.52
(26) |
|
4 – 5 days |
1.55
(83) |
2.50
(5) |
6.16
(34) |
5.09
(32) |
6.28
(30) |
4.51
(51) |
|
6 – 10 days |
2.26
(103) |
2.42
(8) |
4.27
(29) |
8.41
(24) |
4.31
(17) |
5.22
(42) |
|
11 – 30 days |
2.08
(159) |
4.39
(20) |
2.70
(31) |
6.40
(11) |
3.30
(8) |
2.91
(19) |
|
31 – 60 days |
2.34
(108) |
6.20
(40) |
3.42
(54) |
1.72
(6) |
2.11
(2) |
1.65
(7) |
|
More than 60 days |
1.20
(72) |
9.22
(20) |
1.51
(23) |
0.33
(1) |
2.35
(5) |
1.47
(4) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 2.8SE. Standard Errors for Table 2.8: Use of
Intermittent
Leave: 2000 Survey
|
Leave-Takers Who: |
Leave-Takers
SE
(N) |
|
Took intermittent leave at least once in previous
18 months |
1.72
(329) |
|
Did not take intermittent leave |
1.72
(898) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 2.9SE. Standard Errors for Table 2.9: Percent of
Leave that
was Intermittent: 2000 Survey
|
|
Leave-Takers Taking Intermittent Leave
SE
(N) |
|
Less than half |
3.99
(164) |
|
About half |
3.37
(62) |
|
More than half |
2.84
(96) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 2.10SE. Standard Errors for Table 2.10:
Intermittent Use of
Longest Leave: 2000 Survey
|
Leave-Takers’ Longest Leave Was:
|
Leave-Takers
SE
(N) |
|
Intermittent |
1.63
(254) |
|
Not intermittent |
1.63
(970) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 2.11SE. Standard Errors for Table 2.11: Use of
Longest
Intermittent Leave on a Routine or As-Needed Basis: 2000
Survey
|
Intermittent Leave was Taken as: |
Those Whose (Longest)
Leave was
Intermittent
SE
(N) |
|
Regular routine |
5.20
(15) |
|
As-needed |
5.20
(155) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 2.12SE. Standard Errors for Table 2.12:
Intermittent Use of Longest Leave by Reason
for Leave: 2000 Survey
|
Reason for Longest Leave |
Leave-Takers
Whose Leave
was
Intermittent
SE
(N) |
Leave-Takers
Whose Leave
was Not
Intermittent
SE
(N) |
|
Own health |
3.81
(94) |
2.13
(486) |
|
Maternity-disability |
1.46
(13) |
1.25
(82) |
|
Care for a newborn, newly adopted, or newly placed
foster child |
3.73
(25) |
2.20
(168) |
|
Care for ill child |
3.87
(40) |
1.33
(71) |
|
Care for ill spouse |
1.91
(25) |
0.53
(58) |
|
Care for ill parent |
2.71
(53) |
1.24
(99) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 2.13SE. Standard Errors for Table 2.13:
Intermittent Use of Longest
Leave by Reason for Leave: 2000 Survey
|
|
Leave-Takers Within Each Reason
Whose
Longest Leave Was: |
|
Reason for Longest Leave |
Intermittent
SE
(N) |
Not Intermittent
SE
(N)
|
|
Own health |
1.80
(94) |
1.80
(486) |
|
Maternity-disability |
3.56
(13) |
3.56
(82) |
|
Care for a newborn, newly adopted,
or newly
placed foster child |
3.87
(25) |
3.87
(168) |
|
Care for ill child |
7.56
(40) |
7.56
(71) |
|
Care for ill spouse |
5.19
(25) |
5.19
(58) |
|
Care for ill parent |
4.34
(53) |
4.34
(99) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 2.14SE. Standard Errors for Table 2.14:
Employees Needing But Not
Taking Leave: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
|
Not Taking Leave |
|
|
1995
Survey
SE
(N) |
2000
Survey
SE
(N) |
|
Number of employees needing but not taking leave
(for a covered reason) in the previous 18 months |
294,462.50
(187) |
279,270.38
(203) |
|
Percent of employee population |
0.24
(187) |
0.20
(203) |
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 2.15SE. Standard Errors for Table 2.15: Number
of Leaves
Needed But Not Taken: 2000 Survey
|
|
Leave-Needers
SE
(N) |
|
1 leave |
4.18
(77) |
|
2 leaves |
3.24
(45) |
|
3 – 4 leaves |
3.09
(31) |
|
5 or more leaves |
2.22
(22) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 2.16SE. Standard Errors for Table 2.16: Reasons
for Needing Leave:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
|
Leave-Needers |
|
Reason for Needing Leave |
1995
Survey
SE
(N) |
2000
Survey
SE
(N) |
|
Own health |
4.28
(92) |
3.92
(96) |
|
Maternity-disability |
0.51
(1) |
0.89
(3) |
|
Care for a newborn, newly adopted, or newly placed
foster child |
2.65
(17) |
2.52
(19) |
|
Care for ill child |
3.32
(37) |
3.24
(40) |
|
Care for ill spouse |
1.86
(19) |
1.71
(19) |
|
Care for ill parent |
4.09
(33) |
3.19
(47) |
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 2.17SE. Standard Errors for Table 2.17: Reasons
for Not Taking Leave:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
|
Leave-Needers |
|
Reason for Not Taking Leave |
1995
Survey
SE
(N)
|
2000
Survey
SE
(N) |
|
Thought job might be lost |
3.35
(58) |
3.38
(62) |
|
Thought job advancement might be hurt |
3.71
(44) |
3.27
(83) |
|
Did not want to lose seniority |
2.60
(30) |
3.52
(56) |
|
Not eligible—worked part-time |
2.54
(28) |
2.24
(22) |
|
Not eligible—had not worked long enough for
employer (1) |
|
2.87
(33) |
|
Employer denied request |
2.23
(18) |
2.94
(39) |
|
Could not afford to take leave |
4.13
(123) |
3.35
(155) |
|
Wanted to save leave time |
3.44
(55) |
3.41
(71) |
|
Work is too important |
3.68
(78) |
4.07
(104) |
|
Some other reason |
NA |
2.33
(28) |
NA Indicates reason not asked about in 1995 survey.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 2.18SE. Standard Errors for Table 2.18:
Perceived Impact of Pay on
Leave-Needers: 2000 Survey
|
Perceived Impact of Pay |
Leave-Needers Who Could
Not Afford to
Take Leave
SE
(N) |
|
Would have taken leave if some/additional
pay
had been received |
2.84
(132) |
|
Would not have taken leave if
some/additional
pay had been received |
2.84
(19) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 2.19SE. Standard Errors for Table 2.19: How
Leave-Needers Took
Care of Their Situation: 2000 Survey
|
|
Leave-Needers
SE
(N) |
|
Just lived with it/Suffered through
it |
3.2
(92) |
|
Got help from others (family, friends) |
2.8
(62) |
|
Altered Work (schedule, duties,
etc.) |
2.6
(24) |
|
Took some time off |
2.3
(28) |
|
Did something else |
1.6
(10) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
STANDARD ERRORS
FOR CHAPTER 3 TABLES
DISPLAYED IN TEXT
Table 3.1SE. Standard Errors for Table 3.1: Coverage
of Establishments and Employees
Under the Family and Medical Leave Act:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
|
Establishments |
Employees |
|
|
1995
Survey
SE
(N) |
2000
Survey
SE
(N) |
1995
Survey
SE
(N) |
2000
Survey
SE
(N) |
|
FMLA-covered establishments |
1.18
(736) |
1.30
(1070) |
1.6
(736) |
1.51
(1070) |
|
Non-covered establishments |
1.18
(470) |
1.30
(731) |
1.6
(470) |
1.51
(731) |
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table 3.2SE. Standard Error for Table 3.2:
Characteristics of FMLA-Covered Establishments:
1995 and 2000
Surveys
|
|
Covered
Establishments |
Employees in Covered Establishments
|
|
|
1995
Survey
SE
(N) |
2000
Survey
SE
(N) |
1995
Survey
SE
(N) |
2000
Survey
SE
(N) |
|
Eligibility Criteria |
|
|
|
|
|
At least 50 employees at sampled location
|
4.45
(645) |
5.64
(901) |
1.40
(645) |
1.03
(901) |
|
At least 50 employees within 75 miles
of
sampled location |
4.45
(91) |
5.64
(169) |
1.40
(91) |
1.03
(169) |
|
Number of Employees at Worksites |
|
|
|
|
|
Up to 250 employees |
0.53
(447) |
0.69
(757) |
2.2
(447) |
1.60
(757) |
|
More than 250 employees |
0.53
(289) |
0.69
(313) |
2.2
(289) |
1.60
(313) |
|
Standard Industrial Classification |
|
|
|
|
|
Manufacturing |
1.35
(200) |
3.46
(241) |
1.35
(200) |
1.32
(241) |
|
Retail |
4.91
(130) |
3.15
(202) |
4.91
(130) |
0.91
(202) |
|
Services |
5.11
(233) |
3.59
(377) |
5.11
(233) |
1.67
(377) |
|
All other industries |
7.11
(173) |
5.28
(250) |
7.11
(173) |
1.10
(250) |
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table 3.3SE. Standard Errors for Table 3.3:
Demographic Characteristics
of Leave-Takers by Eligibility Status: 2000
Survey
|
|
Covered and Eligible
Leave-Takers
SE
(N) |
All Other
Leave-Takers
SE
(N)
|
|
Gender |
|
|
|
Male |
2.44 |
3.98 |
|
|
(316) |
(145) |
|
Female |
2.44 |
3.98 |
|
|
(489) |
(279) |
|
Age |
|
|
|
18 – 24 |
1.46 |
3.29 |
|
|
(46) |
(41) |
|
25 – 34 |
1.78 |
4.11 |
|
|
(199) |
(127) |
|
35 – 49 |
2.33 |
3.34 |
|
|
(334) |
(167) |
|
50 – 64 |
1.61 |
1.48 |
|
|
(201) |
(74) |
|
65 or over |
0.40 |
0.69 |
|
|
(17) |
(12) |
|
Race/Ethnicity |
|
|
|
White non-Hispanic |
2.37 |
2.59 |
|
|
(595) |
(344) |
|
Black non-Hispanic |
2.20 |
0.94 |
|
|
(97) |
(27) |
|
Hispanic |
1.35 |
2.54 |
|
|
(58) |
(27) |
|
Asian |
0.54 |
0.62 |
|
|
(22) |
(8) |
|
All others |
0.62 |
0.95 |
|
|
(23) |
(15) |
|
Marital Status |
|
|
|
Married/Living with partner
|
2.18 |
2.87 |
|
|
(602) |
(317) |
|
Separated/Divorced/Widowed
|
1.43 |
1.70 |
|
|
(113) |
(58) |
|
Never been married |
1.80 |
2.59 |
|
|
(85) |
(47) |
|
Children Under 18 in Household |
|
|
|
None |
2.05 |
2.77 |
|
|
(339) |
(179) |
|
One or more |
2.05 |
2.77 |
|
|
(465) |
(245) |
Table 3.3SE. Standard Errors for Table 3.3:
Demographic Characteristics
of Leave-Takers by Eligibility Status: 2000
Survey (continued)
|
|
Covered and Eligible
Leave-Takers
SE
(N) |
All Other Employees
SE
(N)
|
|
Education |
|
|
|
Less than high school
|
1.01 |
2.56 |
|
|
(38) |
(24) |
|
High school graduate |
2.19 |
2.57 |
|
|
(228) |
(116) |
|
Some college |
2.59 |
2.83 |
|
|
(247) |
(137) |
|
College graduate |
1.53 |
3.48 |
|
|
(190) |
(104) |
|
Graduate school |
1.39 |
3.05 |
|
|
(100) |
(43) |
|
Annual Family
Income |
|
|
|
Less than $20,000 |
1.51 |
3.55 |
|
|
(74) |
(74) |
|
$20,000 to less than $30,000
|
1.67 |
2.23 |
|
|
(86) |
(49) |
|
$30,000 to less than $50,000
|
2.37 |
2.70 |
|
|
(180) |
(91) |
|
$50,000 to less than $75,000
|
2.20 |
2.40 |
|
|
(206) |
(87) |
|
$75,000 to less than $100,000 |
1.74 |
1.14 |
|
|
(106) |
(30) |
|
$100,000 or more |
1.38 |
4.19 |
|
|
(72) |
(41) |
|
Compensation
Type |
|
|
|
Salaried |
2.16 |
3.79 |
|
|
(318) |
(128) |
|
Hourly |
2.42 |
3.54 |
|
|
(437) |
(220) |
|
Other |
1.00 |
1.95 |
|
|
(49) |
(73) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 3.4SE. Standard Errors for Table 3.4: Awareness
of FMLA Among Covered and Non-covered Employees: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
|
Employees |
|
|
Covered |
Non-covered |
All Employees |
|
|
1995
Survey
SE
(N)
|
2000
Survey
SE
(N)
|
1995
Survey
SE
(N)
|
2000
Survey
SE
(N)
|
1995
Survey
SE
(N)
|
2000
Survey
SE
(N)
|
|
Employees who have heard about
FMLA |
1.91 |
1.72 |
3.04 |
2.85 |
1.60 |
1.43 |
|
(875) |
(1244) |
(327) |
(328) |
(1202) |
(1572) |
|
Employees who have not heard about
FMLA |
1.91 |
1.72 |
3.04 |
2.85 |
1.60 |
1.43 |
|
(663) |
(713) |
(346) |
(255) |
(1009) |
(968) |
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 3.5SE. Standard Errors for Table 3.5: Employees
Taking Their Longest Leave Under FMLA(1): 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
Taking Longest Leave Under FMLA |
1995
Survey
SE
(N)
|
2000
Survey
SE
(N) |
|
Percent of all employees |
0.16
(85) |
0.19
(153) |
|
Percent of all leave-takers |
0.94
(85) |
1.02
(153) |
|
Percent of all covered and eligible
leave-takers |
1.49
(85) |
1.53
(153) |
(1) Estimate derived from employees who were covered and
eligible at time of longest leave.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 3.6SE. Standard Errors for Table 3.6:
Establishment Size and Industry Differences in Ratio of FMLA
Leave-Takers:(1) 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
|
Ratio of Employees Taking Leave Under FMLA per
100 Employees |
|
|
1995
Survey
SE
(N) |
2000
Survey
SE
(N) |
|
Establishment Size |
|
|
|
Up to 250 employees |
0.30 |
0.55 |
|
|
(359) |
(573) |
|
More than 250 employees
|
0.50 |
0.68 |
|
|
(229) |
(249) |
|
Industry |
|
|
|
Manufacturing |
0.90 |
1.39 |
|
|
(170) |
(211) |
|
Retail |
0.40 |
0.82 |
|
|
(92) |
(136) |
|
Services |
0.50 |
0.52 |
|
|
(194) |
(292) |
|
All other industries |
0.50 |
0.99 |
|
|
(132) |
(183) |
|
All Covered Establishments |
0.30 |
0.44 |
|
|
(588) |
(1015) |
(1) Per 100 employees.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table 3.7SE. Standard Errors for Table 3.7:
Intermittent Use of Longest Leave Taken Under FMLA:(1) 2000 Survey
|
Longest Leave Was: |
Leave-Takers
Under FMLA |
|
SE
(N) |
|
Intermittent |
5.39 |
|
|
(25) |
|
Not intermittent |
5.39 |
|
|
(128) |
(1) Estimate derived from employees who were covered and
eligible at time of longest leave.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 3.8SE. Standard Errors for Table 3.8: Reasons
for Longest Leave Taken Under FMLA:(1) 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
Reason for Longest Leave |
Leave-Takers
Under FMLA |
|
1995
Survey
SE
(N)
|
2000
Survey
SE
(N)
|
|
Own health |
7.62 |
4.64 |
|
|
(36) |
(57) |
|
Maternity-disability |
3.46 |
2.76 |
|
|
(11) |
(19) |
|
Care for a newborn, newly adopted,
or
newly placed foster child |
4.59 |
3.86 |
|
(20) |
(37) |
|
Care for ill child |
2.75 |
4.86 |
|
|
(7) |
(14) |
|
Care for ill spouse |
2.36 |
1.17 |
|
|
(4) |
(7) |
|
Care for ill parent |
2.74 |
2.91 |
|
|
(7) |
(19) |
(1) Estimate derived from employees who were covered and
eligible at time of longest leave.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 3.9SE. Standard Errors for Table 3.9: Employees
Choosing Not to Return to Work After Taking Longest Leave Under FMLA: 1995 and
2000 Surveys
| |
Leave-Takers
Under FMLA |
|
1995
Survey
SE
(N)
|
2000
Survey
SE
(N)
|
|
Returned to work for the same employer |
1.49 |
1.22 |
|
|
(72) |
(124) |
|
Chose not to return after their leave(1) |
1.49 |
1.22 |
|
|
(2) |
(4) |
(1) Estimate derived from employees who were covered and
eligible at time of longest leave. Includes employees who went to work for
another employer as well as those who chose to not return to work at all.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
STANDARD ERRORS
FOR CHAPTER 4 TABLES
DISPLAYED IN TEXT
Table 4.1SE. Standard Errors for Table 4.1:
Leave-Taker Worries About Taking Leave: 2000 Survey
|
Worries About Taking Leave: |
Leave-Takers
SE
(N) |
|
Worried job might be lost |
1.85 |
|
|
(324) |
|
Worried leave might hurt job
advancement |
1.62 |
|
|
(328) |
|
Worried seniority would be lost
|
0.97 |
|
|
(167) |
|
Worried about not having enough money for
bills |
2.04 |
|
|
(655) |
|
Worried for some other reason
|
0.91 |
|
|
(192) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 4.2SE. Standard Errors for Table 4.2: Ease of
Getting Time Off:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
How easy or difficult was it for you to get your
employer to let you take time off? |
Leave-Takers |
|
1995
Survey
SE
(N)
|
2000
Survey
SE
(N)
|
|
Very easy |
1.55 |
2.12 |
|
|
(742) |
(752) |
|
Somewhat easy |
1.16 |
1.51 |
|
|
(192) |
(218) |
|
Neither easy nor difficult
|
0.68 |
1.12 |
|
|
(84) |
(94) |
|
Somewhat difficult |
0.93 |
1.52 |
|
|
(78) |
(95) |
|
Very difficult |
0.92 |
0.72 |
|
|
(58) |
(62) |
Source: 1995 and 2000 Surveys of Employees.
Table 4.3SE. Standard Errors for Table 4.3: Benefits
Lost During Longest Leave: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
|
Leave-Takers |
|
|
1995
Survey
SE
(N)
|
2000
Survey
SE
(N)
|
|
Health Insurance |
0.53 |
0.39 |
|
|
(37) |
(27) |
|
Life insurance |
0.28 |
0.21 |
|
|
(12) |
(9) |
|
Disability insurance |
0.26 |
0.15 |
|
|
(10) |
(5) |
|
Pension contributions |
0.33 |
0.24 |
|
|
(14) |
(13) |
|
Other |
0.80 |
0.83 |
|
|
(76) |
(63) |
Source: 1995 and 2000 Surveys of Employees.
Table 4.4SE. Standard Errors for Table 4.4: Receipt of
Pay During Longest Leave:(1) 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
|
Leave-Takers |
|
|
1995
Survey
SE
(N)
|
2000
Survey
SE
(N)
|
|
Received at least some pay during their
longest leave |
1.91 |
1.73 |
|
(776) |
(803) |
|
Received no pay during longest
leave |
1.91 |
1.73 |
|
|
(387) |
(421) |
(1) The data in this table is based on
different question wordings used in the 1995 and 2000 surveys. In 1995, the
question asked was: "Was the leave fully paid, unpaid, or partially paid?" In
2000, the question was: "Did you receive pay for any part of your (longest)
leave?".
Source: 1995 and 2000 Surveys of Employees.
Table 4.5SE. Standard Errors for Table 4.5: Source of
Pay During Longest Leave: 2000 Survey
|
|
Leave-Takers
Receiving Pay During Longest
Leave
SE
(N) |
|
Sick leave |
2.82 |
|
|
(505) |
|
Vacation leave |
2.78 |
|
|
(314) |
|
Personal leave |
1.75 |
|
|
(223) |
|
Parental leave |
1.63 |
|
|
(59) |
|
Temporary disability insurance
|
1.55 |
|
|
(151) |
|
Other benefits |
1.56 |
|
|
(89) |
|
Number of Leave-Takers Receiving
Pay |
679,728.46 |
|
|
(803) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 4.6SE. Standard Errors for Table 4.6: Full
versus Partial Pay Across the Leave Period: 2000 Survey
|
|
Leave-Takers
Receiving Pay During Longest
Leave
SE
(N) |
|
Paid for entire leave period at full pay |
2.46 |
|
|
(560) |
|
Paid for entire leave period at partial pay
|
2.24 |
|
|
(172) |
|
Paid for part of the leave period at full pay
|
0.45 |
|
|
(24) |
|
Paid for part of the leave period at partial
pay |
0.58 |
|
|
(33) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 4.7SE. Standard Errors for Table 4.7: Proportion
of Usual Pay Received by Leave-Takers Receiving Only Partial Pay: 2000
Survey
|
Proportion of Usual Pay Received
While on
Leave |
Leave-Takers
Receiving Partial Pay
During Longest Leave
SE
(N) |
|
Less than half |
3.55 |
|
|
(78) |
|
About half |
2.99 |
|
|
(60) |
|
More than half |
4.12 |
|
|
(97) |
|
Number of Leave-Takers Receiving Partial
Pay |
374,492.53 |
|
|
(237) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 4.8SE. Standard Errors for Table 4.8: How Lost
Wages were Covered During Leave: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
|
Leave-Takers Receiving Less
Than Full
Pay |
|
|
1995
Survey
SE
(N)
|
2000
Survey
SE
(N)
|
|
Use savings earmarked for this situation |
2.48 |
2.74 |
|
|
(279) |
(304) |
|
Use savings earmarked for something else |
2.16 |
2.24 |
|
|
(259) |
(251) |
|
Borrow money |
1.87 |
2.10 |
|
|
(161) |
(187) |
|
Go on public assistance |
1.08 |
1.39 |
|
|
(62) |
(61) |
|
Limit extras |
2.19 |
2.27 |
|
|
(471) |
(487) |
|
Put off paying bills |
2.31 |
2.26 |
|
|
(233) |
(240) |
|
Cut leave time short |
2.76 |
2.61 |
|
|
(224) |
(241) |
|
Did something else |
1.52 |
1.44 |
|
|
(80) |
(63) |
Source: 1995 and 2000 Surveys of Employees.
Table 4.9SE. Standard Errors for Table 4.9: Perceived
Impact of Pay on Length of Leave: 2000 Survey
|
Perceived Impact of Pay |
Leave-Takers Receiving Less Than Full
Pay
During Longest Leave
SE
(N) |
|
Would have taken leave for a longer period if
some/additional pay had been received |
2.26 |
|
(312) |
|
Would not have taken leave for a
longer period if some/additional pay had been received |
2.26 |
|
(326) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 4.10SE. Standard Errors for Table 4.10: Effects of
Using Family and Medical Leave: 2000 Survey
| |
Leave-Takers
SE
(N) |
|
Ability to Care for Family Members(1) |
|
|
Positive effect |
2.46 |
| |
(456) |
|
No effect |
2.46 |
| |
(119) |
|
Ability to Select a Satisfactory Childcare
Provider(2) |
|
|
Positive effect |
4.47 |
| |
(101) |
|
No effect |
4.47 |
| |
(119) |
|
Ability to Select a Satisfactory Caretaker for
Sick Family Member(3) |
|
|
Positive effect |
3.29 |
| |
(167) |
|
No effect |
3.29 |
| |
(170) |
|
Leave-Taker’s or Family Member’s
Physical Health |
|
|
Positive effect |
2.10 |
| |
(774) |
|
No effect |
2.10 |
| |
(420) |
|
Leave-Taker’s or Family Member’s
Emotional Well-Being |
|
|
Positive effect |
1.59 |
| |
(832) |
|
No effect |
1.59 |
| |
(354) |
(1) Percentages based on persons taking leave to care
for newborn, newly adopted or new foster child, or an ill family member (either
a child, spouse, or parent).
(2) Percentages based on persons taking leave
for a newborn, or a newly adopted or new foster child.
(3) Percentages based on persons taking leave
to care for an ill family member (either child, spouse, or parent).
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 4.11SE. Standard Errors for Table 4.11: Positive
Outcomes of Effects of Using Family and Medical Leave: 2000 Survey
|
Effect on Employee’s or Family
Member’s Physical Health |
Leave-Takers Stating that Leave had a
Positive Effect on Physical Health
SE
(N) |
|
Quicker recovery time |
1.24 |
|
|
(604) |
|
Easier to comply with doctor’s
instructions |
1.49 |
|
|
(723) |
|
Delayed/avoided need to enter nursing home or
other long-term care facility |
2.20 |
|
|
(246) |
|
Other effects |
2.27 |
|
|
(126) |
|
Number of Leave-Takers Stating that
Leave
Had a Positive Effect on Physical Health
|
632,521.10
|
|
|
(774) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 4.12SE. Standard Errors for Table 4.12:
Returning to Work after Longest
Leave: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
|
Leave-Takers |
|
|
1995
Survey
SE
(N)
|
2000
Survey
SE
(N)
|
|
Returned to work for the same
employer |
0.78 |
0.73 |
|
|
(967) |
(1006) |
|
Went to work for a new employer |
0.48 |
0.41 |
|
|
(37) |
(23) |
|
Did not return to work at all |
0.52 |
0.60 |
|
|
(36) |
(46) |
|
Number of Leave-Takers
|
634,960.82 |
836,863.59 |
|
|
(1,040) |
(1,075) |
Source: 1995 and 2000 Surveys of Employees.
Table 4.13SE. Standard Errors for Table 4.13: Position
Returned to After Leave: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
|
Leave-Takers Returning to
Same
Employer |
|
|
1995
Survey
SE
(N)
|
2000
Survey
SE
(N)
|
|
Same or equal position |
0.51 |
0.50 |
|
|
(931) |
(971) |
|
Higher position |
0.30 |
0.30 |
|
|
(15) |
(14) |
|
Lower position |
0.48 |
0.39 |
|
|
(20) |
(20) |
|
Number of Leave-Takers Returning to
Same Employer |
631,924.63
|
804,220.02
|
|
|
(967) |
(1,006) |
Source: 1995 and 2000 Surveys of Employees.
Table 4.14SE. Standard Errors for Table 4.14: Reasons
for Leave-Takers’ Return to Work: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
|
Leave-Takers Returning to
Same
Employer |
|
|
1995
Survey
SE
(N)
|
2000
Survey
SE
(N)
|
|
No longer needed to be on leave
|
2.13 |
1.75 |
|
|
(728) |
(759) |
|
Could not afford to take more time
off |
2.12 |
2.37 |
|
|
(440) |
(496) |
|
Just wanted to get back to work
|
1.94 |
1.92 |
|
|
(535) |
(683) |
|
Used up all the leave time
allowed |
1.31 |
2.28 |
|
|
(224) |
(334) |
|
Felt pressure by boss/co-workers to
return |
2.05 |
2.12 |
|
|
(208) |
(226) |
|
Had too much work to do |
1.72 |
2.02 |
|
|
(309) |
(304) |
|
Someone else took over care
|
NA |
1.97 |
|
|
|
(230) |
NA Indicates item not asked in 1995 survey.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Surveys of Employees.
Table 4.15SE. Standard Errors for Table 4.15:
Leave-Takers Denied Leave: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
|
Leave-Takers |
|
|
1995
Survey
SE
(N)
|
2000
Survey
SE
(N)
|
|
Denied leave |
0.98 |
0.76 |
|
|
(78) |
(77) |
|
Not denied leave |
0.98 |
0.76 |
|
|
(1093) |
(1147) |
|
Number of Leave-Takers
|
657,248.17 |
876,388.45 |
|
|
(1,172) |
(1,229) |
Source: 1995 and 2000 Surveys of Employees.
Table 4.16SE. Standard Errors for Table 4.16: Coverage
and Eligibility Among Female and Male
Employees with Young Children: 2000
Survey
|
|
Females
SE
(N)
|
Males
SE
(N)
|
All
Employees
with Children
SE
(N) |
|
Number of Employees with Young Children
|
446,658.91
(193)
|
706,619.86
(139)
|
844,594.86
(332)
|
|
Employees at FMLA-covered
worksites |
5.57 |
7.28 |
3.93 |
|
|
(149) |
(105) |
(254) |
|
Eligible employees at FMLA-covered worksites
|
5.18 |
7.71 |
3.93 |
|
|
(113) |
(93) |
(206) |
|
Employees at worksites not covered by
FMLA |
5.57 |
7.28 |
3.93 |
|
|
(44) |
(34) |
(78) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 4.17SE. Standard Errors for Table 4.17: Leaves
Taken and Needed Among Female and Male Employees with Young Children: 2000
Survey
|
|
Females
SE
(N)
|
Males
SE
(N)
|
All
Employees
with Children
SE
(N) |
|
Percent taking leave (for a covered reason)
since January 1, 1999 |
6.12 |
6.28 |
3.89 |
|
(173) |
(99) |
(272) |
|
Percent needing, but not taking, leave (for a
covered reason) since January 1, 1999 |
0.75 |
1.22 |
0.72 |
|
(5) |
(12) |
(17) |
|
Percent not taking or needing
leave |
6.12 |
6.28 |
4.01 |
|
|
(15) |
(28) |
(43) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 4.18SE. Standard Errors for Table 4.18: Reasons
for Taking Leave, Across All Leaves Taken, by Females and Males with Young
Children: 2000 Survey
|
|
Leave-Takers with Young Children |
|
Reason for Leave |
Females
SE
(N) |
Males
SE
(N) |
All
SE
(N) |
|
Own health |
5.96 |
7.19 |
4.94 |
|
|
(28) |
(19) |
(47) |
|
Maternity-disability |
5.81 |
. |
4.43 |
|
|
(66) |
(0) |
(66) |
|
Care for a newborn, newly adopted or newly placed
foster child |
5.73
(87) |
7.50
(75) |
5.53
(162) |
|
Care for ill child |
1.21 |
1.84 |
1.01 |
|
|
(6) |
(5) |
(11) |
|
Care for ill spouse |
. |
2.33 |
0.97 |
|
|
(0) |
(7) |
(7) |
|
Care for ill parent |
0.72 |
1.06 |
0.61 |
|
|
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 4.19SE. Standard Errors for Table 4.19: Reasons
for Taking Leave, Across All Leaves Taken, Based on Total Population of Female
and Male Employees with Young Children: 2000 Survey
|
|
All Employees with Young Children
|
|
Reason for Leave
|
Females
SE
(N) |
Males
SE
(N) |
All
SE
(N) |
|
Own health |
4.79 |
3.31 |
2.87 |
|
|
(28) |
(19) |
(47) |
|
Maternity-disability |
5.20 |
. |
2.41 |
|
|
(66) |
(0) |
(66) |
|
Care for a newborn, newly adopted, or newly placed
foster child |
5.17
(87) |
6.26
(75) |
4.59
(162) |
|
Care for ill child |
0.92 |
0.83 |
0.60 |
|
|
(6) |
(5) |
(11) |
|
Care for ill spouse |
. |
1.04 |
0.57 |
|
|
(0) |
(7) |
(7) |
|
Care for ill parent |
0.55 |
0.47 |
0.34 |
|
|
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 4.20SE. Standard Errors for Table 4.20:
Employees’ Opinions Toward FMLA:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
Opinion Measure |
1995
Survey
SE
(N)
|
2000
Survey
SE
(N)
|
|
Every person should be able to have up to 12 weeks
of unpaid leave in a year from work for family and medical problems. |
|
|
|
Agree |
1.15 |
1.06 |
|
|
(1684) |
(2052) |
|
Disagree |
1.15 |
1.06 |
|
|
(519) |
(423) |
|
Having to provide employees with up to 12 weeks of
unpaid leave in a year for family and medical problems is an unfair burden to
employees’ co-workers. |
|
|
|
Agree |
1.57 |
1.24 |
|
|
(848) |
(859) |
|
Disagree |
1.57 |
1.24 |
|
|
(1321) |
(1542) |
Source: 1995 and 2000 Surveys of Employees.
Table 4.21SE. Standard Errors for Table 4.21:
Co-workers Taking Leave for Family or Medical Reasons: 2000 Survey
|
|
Employees
SE
(N) |
|
Co-workers had taken leave for family or
medical reasons since January 1, 1999 |
1.34 |
|
(1670) |
|
Did not have co-workers take leave for family
or medical reasons since January 1, 1999 |
1.34 |
|
(705) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 4.22SE. Standard Errors for Table 4.22: Effects
of Co-workers Taking Leave on Employees: 2000 Survey
|
Effect: |
Employees Having Co-workers Take Leave
SE
(N) |
|
Worked more hours than usual |
1.53 |
|
|
(601) |
|
Worked a shift not normally worked |
1.70 |
|
|
(410) |
|
Took on additional duties |
1.68 |
|
|
(854) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 4.23SE. Standard Errors for Table 4.23:
Perceived Impact of Co-workers Taking Leave on Employees: 2000 Survey
|
Perceived Impact |
Employees Reporting that Co-workers’
Leave Had an Effect
SE
(N) |
|
Employees who felt that co-workers taking
leave
had a positive impact on them |
2.08 |
|
(179) |
|
Employees who felt that co-workers taking
leave
had a negative impact on them |
2.08 |
|
(149) |
|
Employees who felt that co-workers taking
leave
had neither a positive or negative impact on them |
2.54 |
|
(677) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
STANDARD ERRORS
FOR CHAPTER 5 TABLES
DISPLAYED IN TEXT
Table 5.1SE. Standard Errors for Table 5.1: Family and
Medical Leave Policies by FMLA Coverage Status: Reasons for Which Up to 12
Weeks of Leave is Provided: 2000 Survey
|
|
Covered Establishments
SE
(N) |
Non-covered Establishments
SE
(N) |
All
Establishments
SE
(N) |
|
Employee’s Own Serious Health
Condition |
|
|
|
|
Yes |
3.38 |
3.62 |
3.33 |
|
|
(1016) |
(521) |
(1537) |
|
No |
1.15 |
2.94 |
2.62 |
|
|
(17) |
(116) |
(133) |
|
Depends on circumstances
|
3.26 |
2.44 |
2.23 |
|
|
(31) |
(85) |
(116) |
|
Mother’s Maternity-Related
Reasons |
|
|
|
|
Yes |
1.49 |
3.39 |
3.07 |
|
|
(1011) |
(513) |
(1524) |
|
No |
1.30 |
3.27 |
2.92 |
|
|
(23) |
(130) |
(153) |
|
Depends on circumstances
|
0.73 |
2.17 |
1.97 |
|
|
(32) |
(76) |
(108) |
|
Parents to Care for
Newborn |
|
|
|
|
Yes |
3.76 |
3.48 |
3.36 |
|
|
(973) |
(414) |
(1387) |
|
No |
1.65 |
3.07 |
2.78 |
|
|
(39) |
(197) |
(236) |
|
Depends on circumstances
|
3.29 |
2.59 |
2.32 |
|
|
(50) |
(107) |
(157) |
|
Parents for Adoption or Foster
Care
Placement |
|
|
|
|
Yes |
4.03 |
3.69 |
3.55 |
|
|
(937) |
(357) |
(1294) |
|
No |
2.00 |
3.62 |
3.28 |
|
|
(57) |
(216) |
(273) |
|
Depends on circumstances
|
3.32 |
2.33 |
2.14 |
|
|
(51) |
(128) |
(179) |
|
Care of Child, Spouse, or Parent
for
Serious Health Condition |
|
|
|
|
Yes |
3.72 |
3.62 |
3.37 |
|
|
(977) |
(436) |
(1413) |
|
No |
1.50 |
3.29 |
2.99 |
|
|
(35) |
(166) |
(201) |
|
Depends on circumstances
|
3.33 |
2.51 |
2.26 |
|
|
(47) |
(113) |
(160) |
|
All FMLA Reasons |
|
|
|
|
Yes |
4.16 |
3.27 |
3.25 |
|
|
(889) |
(285) |
(1174) |
|
No or Depends on Circumstances |
4.16 |
3.27 |
3.25 |
|
|
(146) |
(395) |
(541) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table 5.2SE. Standard Errors for Table 5.2: FMLA
Coverage Status Differences in Family
and Medical Leave Policies:
Continuation of Health Benefits: 2000 Survey
|
|
Covered Establishments
SE
(N) |
Non-covered Establishments
SE
(N) |
All
Establishments
SE
(N) |
|
Employee’s Own Serious Health
Condition |
|
|
|
|
Yes |
4.12 |
3.32 |
2.82 |
|
|
(955) |
(416) |
(1371) |
|
No |
0.27 |
1.86 |
1.56 |
|
|
(12) |
(27) |
(39) |
|
Depends on circumstances
|
4.22 |
3.02 |
2.60 |
|
|
(68) |
(68) |
(136) |
|
Mother’s Maternity-Related
Reasons |
|
|
|
|
Yes |
3.11 |
2.47 |
2.19 |
|
|
(969) |
(430) |
(1399) |
|
No |
0.24 |
1.02 |
0.85 |
|
|
(9) |
(23) |
(32) |
|
Depends on circumstances
|
3.17 |
2.32 |
2.12 |
|
|
(55) |
(51) |
(106) |
|
Parents to Care for
Newborn |
|
|
|
|
Yes |
3.18 |
4.14 |
3.35 |
|
|
(933) |
(352) |
(1285) |
|
No |
0.42 |
2.42 |
1.98 |
|
|
(18) |
(33) |
(51) |
|
Depends on circumstances
|
3.31 |
3.67 |
3.05 |
|
|
(61) |
(60) |
(121) |
|
Parents for Adoption or Foster
Care
Placement |
|
|
|
|
Yes |
3.76 |
3.44 |
2.83 |
|
|
(909) |
(332) |
(1241) |
|
No |
0.43 |
2.56 |
2.09 |
|
|
(16) |
(26) |
(42) |
|
Depends on circumstances
|
3.74 |
3.11 |
2.56 |
|
|
(66) |
(65) |
(131) |
|
Care of Child, Spouse, or Parent
for
Serious Health Condition |
|
|
|
|
Yes |
4.10 |
3.94 |
3.27 |
|
|
(926) |
(356) |
(1282) |
|
No |
0.66 |
1.80 |
1.51 |
|
|
(12) |
(23) |
(35) |
|
Depends on circumstances
|
4.23 |
3.54 |
2.97 |
|
|
(73) |
(81) |
(154) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table 5.3SE. Standard Errors for Table 5.3: Family and
Medical Leave Policies by FMLA Coverage
Status: Reasons for Which Job
Return is Guaranteed: 2000 Survey
|
|
Covered Establishments
SE
(N) |
Non-covered Establishments
SE
(N) |
All
Establishments
SE
(N) |
|
Employee’s Own Serious Health
Condition |
|
|
|
|
Yes |
3.33 |
2.78 |
2.42 |
|
|
(1005) |
(528) |
(1533) |
|
No |
0.17 |
1.00 |
0.87 |
|
|
(6) |
(19) |
(25) |
|
Depends on circumstances
|
3.34 |
2.64 |
2.31 |
|
|
(39) |
(63) |
(102) |
|
Mother’s Maternity-Related
Reasons |
|
|
|
|
Yes |
0.34 |
1.96 |
1.70 |
|
|
(1012) |
(549) |
(1561) |
|
No |
0.12 |
1.01 |
0.88 |
|
|
(5) |
(12) |
(17) |
|
Depends on circumstances
|
0.32 |
1.77 |
1.53 |
|
|
(28) |
(36) |
(64) |
|
Parents to Care for
Newborn |
|
|
|
|
Yes |
0.97 |
2.13 |
1.82 |
|
|
(988) |
(479) |
(1467) |
|
No |
0.22 |
1.24 |
1.06 |
|
|
(7) |
(13) |
(20) |
|
Depends on circumstances
|
0.84 |
1.66 |
1.42 |
|
|
(33) |
(36) |
(69) |
|
Parents for Adoption or Foster
Care
Placement |
|
|
|
|
Yes |
3.44 |
2.67 |
2.29 |
|
|
(967) |
(450) |
(1417) |
|
No |
0.27 |
1.16 |
0.98 |
|
|
(7) |
(8) |
(15) |
|
Depends on circumstances
|
3.45 |
2.49 |
2.14 |
|
|
(34) |
(47) |
(81) |
|
Care of Child, Spouse, or Parent
for
Serious Health Condition |
|
|
|
|
Yes |
3.47 |
2.45 |
2.11 |
|
|
(987) |
(474) |
(1461) |
|
No |
0.62 |
1.08 |
0.93 |
|
|
(5) |
(12) |
(17) |
|
Depends on circumstances
|
3.45 |
2.35 |
2.01 |
|
|
(37) |
(68) |
(105) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table 5.4SE. Standard Errors for Table 5.4: Provision
of Leave Beyond that Guaranteed by
FMLA by Coverage Status: 2000
Survey
|
|
Covered Establishments
SE
(N) |
Non-covered Establishments
SE
(N) |
All
Establishments
SE
(N) |
|
More Than 12 Weeks Per Year |
|
|
|
|
Yes |
6.37 |
3.37 |
3.02 |
|
|
(248) |
(101) |
(349) |
|
No |
5.45 |
4.23 |
3.62 |
|
|
(471) |
(311) |
(782) |
|
Depends on circumstances |
5.56 |
3.34 |
2.89 |
|
|
(287) |
(162) |
(449) |
|
Employees Who Have Worked for
Establishment Less Than 12 Months |
|
|
|
|
Yes |
6.51 |
3.71 |
3.50 |
|
|
(256) |
(142) |
(398) |
|
No |
5.45 |
4.31 |
3.75 |
|
|
(508) |
(290) |
(798) |
|
Depends on circumstances |
6.86 |
3.30 |
2.96 |
|
|
(230) |
(147) |
(377) |
|
Employees Who Have Worked for Less
Than 1,250 Hours in the Past Year |
|
|
|
|
Yes |
6.79 |
3.44 |
3.06 |
|
|
(250) |
(143) |
(393) |
|
No |
6.33 |
4.00 |
3.38 |
|
|
(495) |
(277) |
(772) |
|
Depends on circumstances |
6.25 |
3.50 |
3.18 |
|
|
(236) |
(146) |
(382) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table 5.5SE. Standard Errors for Table 5.5:
Continuation of Pay During Leave by FMLA Coverage Status: 2000 Survey
|
Establishment Provides: |
Covered Establishments
SE
(N) |
Non-covered Establishments
SE
(N) |
All
Establishments
SE
(N) |
|
Paid Sick Leave |
|
|
|
|
Yes |
4.60 |
3.79 |
3.35 |
|
|
(795) |
(470) |
(1265) |
|
No |
3.91 |
3.19 |
2.80 |
|
|
(178) |
(199) |
(377) |
|
Depends on circumstances
|
1.65 |
2.28 |
2.04 |
|
|
(95) |
(56) |
(151) |
|
Paid Disability Leave
|
|
|
|
|
Yes |
4.05 |
3.79 |
3.40 |
|
|
(723) |
(318) |
(1041) |
|
No |
4.18 |
4.20 |
3.77 |
|
|
(202) |
(313) |
(515) |
|
Depends on circumstances
|
2.14 |
2.44 |
2.11 |
|
|
(136) |
(81) |
(217) |
|
Paid Vacation |
|
|
|
|
Yes |
1.12 |
3.26 |
2.92 |
|
|
(996) |
(633) |
(1629) |
|
No |
0.39 |
2.89 |
2.58 |
|
|
(12) |
(58) |
(70) |
|
Depends on circumstances
|
1.03 |
1.67 |
1.48 |
|
|
(61) |
(35) |
(96) |
|
Other Paid Time Off |
|
|
|
|
Yes |
4.50 |
3.26 |
2.94 |
|
|
(423) |
(173) |
(596) |
|
No |
4.42 |
3.33 |
3.00 |
|
|
(616) |
(529) |
(1145) |
|
Depends on circumstances
|
0.37 |
1.05 |
0.95 |
|
|
(30) |
(23) |
(53) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table 5.6SE. Standard Errors for Table 5.6:
Continuation of Pay During Leave by FMLA Coverage Status: Reasons for Which Pay
is Continued: 2000 Survey
|
Establishment Continues Pay During Leave
For: |
Covered Establishments
SE
(N) |
Non-covered Establishments
SE
(N) |
All
Establishments
SE
(N) |
|
Parents to Care for
Newborn |
|
|
|
|
Full pay |
4.01 |
2.78 |
2.53 |
|
|
(216) |
(173) |
(389) |
|
Partial pay |
1.46 |
1.68 |
1.44 |
|
|
(86) |
(44) |
(130) |
|
Depends on circumstances
|
5.29 |
2.88 |
2.51 |
|
|
(230) |
(107) |
(337) |
|
No pay |
4.91 |
3.78 |
3.22 |
|
|
(529) |
(390) |
(919) |
|
Parents for Adoption or Foster
Care
Placement |
|
|
|
|
Full pay |
4.01 |
2.77 |
2.48 |
|
|
(187) |
(132) |
(319) |
|
Partial pay |
0.57 |
1.15 |
1.02 |
|
|
(48) |
(29) |
(77) |
|
Depends on circumstances
|
6.26 |
3.04 |
2.69 |
|
|
(196) |
(110) |
(306) |
|
No pay |
6.01 |
3.93 |
3.43 |
|
|
(617) |
(441) |
(1058) |
|
Employee’s Own Serious Health
Condition |
|
|
|
|
Full pay |
6.35 |
3.72 |
3.39 |
|
|
(396) |
(242) |
(638) |
|
Partial pay |
5.07 |
1.66 |
1.80 |
|
|
(149) |
(60) |
(209) |
|
Depends on circumstances
|
3.54 |
2.15 |
1.97 |
|
|
(244) |
(145) |
(389) |
|
No pay |
4.00 |
3.67 |
3.28 |
|
|
(278) |
(274) |
(552) |
|
Mother’s Maternity-Related
Reasons |
|
|
|
|
Full pay |
6.31 |
4.00 |
3.54 |
|
|
(379) |
(228) |
(607) |
|
Partial pay |
4.93 |
1.97 |
1.91 |
|
|
(154) |
(46) |
(200) |
|
Depends on circumstances
|
2.94 |
2.24 |
1.96 |
|
|
(209) |
(115) |
(324) |
|
No pay |
3.98 |
3.39 |
3.03 |
|
|
(322) |
(326) |
(648) |
Table 5.6SE. Standard Errors for Table 5.6:
Continuation of Pay During Leave by FMLA Coverage Status: Reasons for Which Pay
is Continued: 2000 Survey (continued)
|
Establishment Continues Pay During Leave
For: |
Covered Establishments
SE
(N) |
Non-covered Establishments
SE
(N) |
All
Establishments
SE
(N) |
|
Care of Child, Spouse, or
for Serious
Health Condition |
|
|
|
|
Full pay |
4.08 |
3.65 |
3.29 |
|
|
(188) |
(161) |
(349) |
|
Partial pay |
0.87 |
2.00 |
1.75 |
|
|
(48) |
(33) |
(81) |
|
Depends on circumstances
|
5.44 |
3.12 |
2.83 |
|
|
(222) |
(149) |
(371) |
|
No pay |
5.19 |
3.43 |
3.03 |
|
|
(604) |
(373) |
(977) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
STANDARD ERRORS
FOR CHAPTER 6 TABLES
DISPLAYED IN TEXT
Table 6.1SE. Standard Errors for Table 6.1: Covered
Establishments’ Initial Source of Information About FMLA: 1995 and 2000
Surveys
|
|
Covered Establishments |
|
|
1995
Survey
SE
(N)
|
2000
Survey
SE
(N)
|
|
U.S. Department of Labor |
5.50 |
3.38 |
|
|
(355) |
(754) |
|
The media |
8.10 |
8.25 |
|
|
(462) |
(452) |
|
A trade or business group |
5.02 |
5.68 |
|
|
(426) |
(670) |
|
An attorney or consultant |
4.92 |
3.31 |
|
|
(385) |
(748) |
|
A union |
1.36 |
1.28 |
|
|
(26) |
(48) |
|
Employees |
1.16 |
4.27 |
|
|
(38) |
(89) |
|
The Internet |
NA |
5.50 |
|
|
|
(490) |
|
Existing company policies or
practices |
NA |
2.83 |
|
|
|
(849) |
|
Some other source |
5.11 |
2.21 |
|
|
(128) |
(177) |
NA Indicates item not asked in 1995 survey.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table 6.2SE. Standard Errors for Table 6.2: How
Employees First Learned About the Family and Medical Leave Act: 2000
Survey
|
|
Employees Aware
of FMLA
SE
(N) |
|
Media (TV, newspapers, etc.) |
1.82 |
|
|
(601) |
|
Co-workers |
0.84 |
|
|
(71) |
|
Employer gave out information
|
1.77 |
|
|
(613) |
|
Posters |
0.70 |
|
|
(67) |
|
Internet |
0.16 |
|
|
(5) |
|
Family member |
0.60 |
|
|
(56) |
|
Union gave out information |
0.41 |
|
|
(27) |
|
Other way |
0.82 |
|
|
(97) |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table 6.3SE. Standard Errors for Table 6.3: Methods
Used to Cover Work When an Employee Takes Leave for a Week or Longer: 2000
Survey
|
|
Covered Establishments |
|
Establishment Covers Leave By: |
1995
Survey
SE
(N)
|
2000
Survey
SE
(N)
|
|
Assigning work temporarily to other
employees |
1.13 |
0.47 |
|
|
(712) |
(1024) |
|
Hiring an outside temporary replacement |
4.70 |
6.22 |
|
|
(462) |
(559) |
|
Hiring a permanent replacement |
4.00 |
0.97 |
|
|
(101) |
(71) |
|
Putting work on hold until the employee
returns from leave |
5.28 |
3.60 |
|
|
(108) |
(196) |
|
Having the employee perform some work while on
leave |
2.78 |
1.22 |
|
|
(158) |
(143) |
|
Some other method |
0.77 |
5.86 |
|
|
(30) |
(60) |
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table 6.4SE. Standard Errors for Table 6.4: Effects of
FMLA-Related Administrative Activities: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
|
Covered Establishments |
|
|
1995
Survey
SE
(N)
|
2000
Survey
SE
(N)
|
|
Maintaining Additional
Record-Keeping |
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
4.07 |
6.81 |
|
|
(365) |
(483) |
|
Very/Somewhat difficult
|
4.07 |
6.81 |
|
|
(297) |
(439) |
|
Determining Whether the Act Applies to the
Organization |
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
4.32 |
4.59 |
|
|
(615) |
(827) |
|
Very/Somewhat difficult
|
4.32 |
4.59 |
|
|
(59) |
(107) |
|
Determining Whether Certain Employees are
Eligible |
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
2.05 |
2.90 |
|
|
(531) |
(740) |
|
Very/Somewhat difficult
|
2.05 |
2.90 |
|
|
(138) |
(198) |
|
Coordinating State and Federal Leave
Policies |
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
4.31 |
8.33 |
|
|
(468) |
(553) |
|
Very/Somewhat difficult
|
4.31 |
8.33 |
|
|
(150) |
(345) |
|
Coordinating the Act with Other Federal
Laws (1) |
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
4.60 |
6.06 |
|
|
(399) |
(454) |
|
Very/Somewhat difficult
|
4.60 |
6.06 |
|
|
(236) |
(463) |
|
Coordinating the Act with Other Leave
Policies |
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
5.99 |
5.48 |
|
|
(488) |
(569) |
|
Very/Somewhat difficult
|
5.99 |
5.48 |
|
|
(177) |
(355) |
|
Coordinating the Act with Employee
Attendance Policies |
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
NA |
7.07 |
|
|
|
(573) |
|
Very/Somewhat difficult
|
NA |
7.07 |
|
|
|
(356) |
Table 6.4SE. Standard Errors for Table 6.4: Effects of
FMLA-Related Administrative Activities: 1995 and 2000 Surveys (continued)
|
|
Covered Establishments |
|
|
1995
Survey
SE
(N)
|
2000
Survey
SE
(N)
|
|
Administering FMLA’s Notification,
Designation,
and Certification Requirements |
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
NA |
5.58 |
|
|
|
(471) |
|
Very/Somewhat difficult
|
NA |
5.58 |
|
|
|
(452) |
|
Determining if a Health Condition is a
Serious
Health Condition Under FMLA |
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
NA |
5.27 |
|
|
|
(517) |
|
Very/Somewhat difficult
|
NA |
5.27 |
|
|
|
(404) |
|
Overall Ease of Complying with
FMLA |
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
2.75 |
5.95 |
|
|
(459) |
(584) |
|
Very/Somewhat difficult
|
2.75 |
5.95 |
|
|
(215) |
(357) |
(1) In the 1995 survey, the wording was slightly
different. "Pre-existing" was used instead of "Other."
NA Indicates item not asked in 1995 survey.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table 6.5SE. Standard Errors for Table 6.5: Effects of
Complying with FMLA on Business and Employee Performance: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
|
Covered Establishments |
|
|
1995
Survey
SE
(N)
|
2000
Survey
SE
(N)
|
|
Business Effects |
|
|
|
Productivity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Positive effect |
3.08 |
1.45 |
|
|
(47) |
(109) |
|
Negative effect |
1.71 |
6.62 |
|
|
(107) |
(155) |
|
No noticeable effect |
3.42 |
6.67 |
|
|
(509) |
(657) |
|
Profitability |
|
|
|
Positive effect |
0.53 |
0.56 |
|
|
(19) |
(44) |
|
Negative effect |
1.51 |
1.72 |
|
|
(87) |
(156) |
|
No noticeable effect |
1.67 |
1.97 |
|
|
(523) |
(690) |
|
Growth |
|
|
|
Positive effect |
0.55 |
0.89 |
|
|
(16) |
(32) |
|
Negative effect |
1.41 |
7.20 |
|
|
(20) |
(46) |
|
No noticeable effect |
1.53 |
7.28 |
|
|
(607) |
(817) |
|
Employee Effects |
|
|
|
Productivity |
|
|
|
Positive effect |
3.84 |
6.31 |
|
|
(90) |
(124) |
|
Negative effect |
1.17 |
6.51 |
|
|
(82) |
(169) |
|
No noticeable effect |
4.17 |
7.14 |
|
|
(483) |
(617) |
|
Absences |
|
|
|
Positive effect |
1.90 |
1.30 |
|
|
(46) |
(82) |
|
Negative effect |
1.01 |
6.78 |
|
|
(105) |
(192) |
|
No noticeable effect |
2.33 |
6.67 |
|
|
(504) |
(640) |
Table 6.5SE. Standard Errors for Table 6.5: Effects of
Complying with FMLA on Business and Employee Performance: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
(continued)
|
|
Covered Establishments |
|
|
1995
Survey
SE
(N) |
2000
Survey
SE
(N) |
|
Turnover |
|
|
|
Positive effect |
1.65 |
1.66 |
|
|
(42) |
(92) |
|
Negative effect |
0.26 |
7.21 |
|
|
(9) |
(28) |
|
No noticeable effect |
1.68 |
6.88 |
|
|
(612) |
(798) |
|
Career Advancement |
|
|
|
Positive effect |
4.22 |
1.06 |
|
|
(33) |
(58) |
|
Negative effect |
0.39 |
0.21 |
|
|
(7) |
(8) |
|
No noticeable effect |
4.21 |
1.08 |
|
|
(629) |
(856) |
|
Morale |
|
|
|
Positive effect |
NA |
2.98 |
|
|
|
(292) |
|
Negative effect |
NA |
6.90 |
|
|
|
(87) |
|
No noticeable effect |
NA |
5.40 |
|
|
|
(541) |
NA Indicates item not asked in 1995 survey.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
|
