BTS | TABLE 2 Estimated Poisson Models for Number of Walking Trips and Estimated Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Model for Share of Walking Trips

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BTS Home > Publications > Journal of Transportation and Statistics > Volume 8 Number 3 > Paper 4

TABLE 2 Estimated Poisson Models for Number of Walking Trips and Estimated Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Model for Share of Walking Trips

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Variable name	Poisson models (number of trips) Model 1		Poisson models (number of trips) Model 2		Poisson models (number of trips) Model 3		OLS (share of trips) Model 4
Variable name	Coeff.	t-value	Coeff.	t-value	Coeff.	t-value	Coeff.	t-value
Household (HH) characteristics
Vehicles in HH	−0.313***	−4.88	−0.240***	−3.77	−0.297***	−4.39	−0.078***	−4.45
Bikes in HH	0.362***	8.19	0.320***	7.11	0.285***	6.16	0.061***	3.85
Type housing unit
Apart/condo	0.052	1.00	0.022	0.41	0.116**	2.01	0.034**	1.97
Dorm	1.200***	3.66	0.897***	2.61	1.641***	4.62	0.563**	2.47
Income HH	0.086*	1.74	0.095*	1.90	0.143***	2.80	0.032**	2.24
Individual characteristics
Age	−0.002*	−1.87	−0.005***	−3.73	−0.004***	−3.56	−0.001***	−3.55
Female	−0.052	−1.18	−0.072	−1.61	−0.072	−1.62	−0.017	−1.30
Driver	−0.216***	−3.42	−0.188***	−2.97	−0.280***	−4.38	−0.060***	−3.34
Status
Absent	0.287**	2.26	0.278**	2.18	0.324**	2.53	0.077*	1.92
Looking	0.351***	2.82	0.274**	2.20	0.225*	1.80	0.070	1.61
Full-time	−0.256***	−3.73	−0.308***	−4.44	−0.311***	−4.41	−0.037*	−1.90
Occupation
Sales/service	−0.028	−0.32	−0.089	−1.03	−0.114	−1.30	−0.027	−1.20
Manuf/const/maint	−0.069	−0.54	−0.144	−1.12	−0.261**	−1.98	−0.046	−1.42
Prof/manag/tech	0.500***	6.37	0.464***	5.90	0.349***	4.39	0.040*	1.72
Licensed	−0.539***	−4.48	−0.507***	−4.20	−0.443***	−3.66	−0.053**	−2.07
Distance-to-work	−0.016***	−4.85	−0.016***	−5.04	−0.016***	−5.02	−0.003***	−4.28
Walk-exercising	0.406***	20.63	0.398***	19.77	0.359***	17.44	0.083***	8.49
Med condition	−0.584***	−5.91	−0.617***	−6.19	−0.662***	−6.63	−0.098***	−4.38
Graduate	0.300***	4.63	0.263***	4.02	0.185***	2.82	0.014	0.71
Attitudes/perceptions
Traffic accidents (TA)
TA-No			−0.345***	−2.66	−0.341***	−2.62	−0.036	−1.21
Highway congestion (HC)
HC-Very			0.186**	2.26	0.168**	2.03	−0.001	−0.05
HC-Severe			0.392***	5.25	0.389***	5.19	0.051**	2.29
Drunk drivers (DD)
DD-Severe			0.275***	2.99	0.268***	2.91	0.008	0.26
Price of gasoline (PG)
PG-No			0.348***	6.03	0.389***	6.73	0.053***	2.90
PG-Severe			−0.295***	−3.36	−0.204**	−2.31	−0.020	−0.97
Walkways/sidewalks (WS)
WS-Little			0.255*	1.91	0.230*	1.70	0.041	0.98
WS-Somewhat			0.432***	2.56	0.549***	3.23	0.039	0.70
Urban form, neighborhood design, and land-use attributes
Ln(density)					0.041	1.32	0.011	1.25
Connectivity					−0.934***	−5.62	−0.089***	−2.78
Diversity					0.439***	4.07	0.063**	1.97
Accessibility					−1.030***	−2.64	−0.117	−1.15
Neighborhood sociodemographics
Age in N					−0.005**	−1.99	−0.001	−1.33
Race in N					0.731***	11.01	0.092***	5.17

Constant	−0.075	−1.26	−0.067	−1.12	−0.260	−0.79	0.224**	2.51
Valid N =	2,630		2,630		2,630		2,630
Log-likelihood intercept only:	−3,974.97		−3,974.97		−3,974.97
Log-likelihood full model:	−3,564.04		−3,510.16		−3,381.89
McFadden's R²: (R² for OLS)	0.103		0.117		0.149		0.146
McFadden's adjusted R²: (Adjusted R² for OLS)	0.098		0.110		0.141		0.135
Likelihood-ratio (LR) test with respect to model 1 (p-value):			0.001		0.001
Likelihood-ratio (LR) test with respect to model 2 (p-value):					0.001

KEY: ***, **, and * denote coefficient significantly different from zero at the 1%, 5%, and 10% level of significance (two-tail test), respectively.