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BTS Home
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Journal of Transportation and Statistics
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Volume 7 Number 1
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Paper 5
Table 2: Some of the Principal Models in the Structural Framework
Excel
|
CSV
Type of model
σ
2
ε
σ
2
η
σ
2
ξ
σ
2
ω
Level only
Constant mean
yes
0
0
0
Local level
yes
yes
0
0
Random walk
0
yes
0
0
Trend only
Deterministic
yes
0
0
0
Local level with fixed slope
yes
yes
0
0
Random walk with fixed drift
0
yes
0
0
Local linear trend (Holt)
yes
yes
yes
0
Smooth trend
yes
0
yes
0
Second difference
0
0
yes
0
Seasonal (with selected trend)
Fixed seasonals
(yes or 0)
(yes or 0)
(yes or 0)
0
Varying seasonals
(yes or 0)
(yes or 0)
(yes or 0)
yes
Basic Structural Model
yes
yes
yes
yes
Source: Based on Koopman et al. (2000), p. 141.
