EB BL 01/15/1998 Employee benefits in Medium and Large Private Establishments, 1995 Tables only Table 1. Summary: Participation(1) in selected employee benefit programs, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 (In percent) Profes- Blue sional, Clerical collar Benefit All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related workers employees Paid time off: Holidays................. 89 88 93 88 Vacations................ 96 97 99 94 Personal leave........... 22 24 34 15 Funeral leave............ 80 83 85 75 Jury duty leave.......... 85 91 89 79 Military leave........... 44 59 45 35 Family leave............. 2 3 2 1 Unpaid family leave....... 84 89 86 80 Disability benefits(2): Paid sick leave......... 58 74 78 39 Short-term disability... 53 48 52 57 Long-term disability insurance.............. 42 60 53 26 Survivor benefits: Life insurance......... 87 93 89 83 Accidental death and dismemberment......... 67 70 66 65 Survivor income benefits.............. 6 6 4 6 Health care benefits: Medical care........... 77 80 76 75 Dental care............ 57 66 57 51 Vision care............ 24 29 23 22 Outpatient prescription drug coverage......... 74 77 74 73 Retirement income benefits: All retirement(3)........ 80 87 85 73 Defined benefit........ 52 53 55 50 Defined contribution(4) 55 67 64 45 Savings and thrift... 41 50 47 32 Deferred profit sharing............. 13 14 15 10 Employee stock ownership........... 5 5 7 4 Money purchase pension............. 7 13 6 5 Stock bonus.......... 2 1 4 (5) Cash or deferred arrangements (401(k) plans): With employer contributions......... 45 55 50 37 Salary reduction..... 44 54 49 35 Savings and thrift(6)......... 37 46 41 29 Deferred profit sharing........... 5 4 6 5 Other.............. 2 3 1 2 Deferral of profit sharing allocation.. 2 1 1 2 No employer contributions......... 9 13 8 7 1 Participants are workers covered by a paid time off, insurance, or retirement plan. Employees subject to a minimum service requirement before they are eligible for benefit coverage are counted as participants even if they have not met the requirement at the time of the survey. If employees are required to pay part of the cost of a benefit, only those who elect the coverage and pay their share are counted as participants. Except for family leave, benefits for which the employee must pay the full premium are outside the scope of the survey. Only current employees are counted as participants; retirees are excluded. 2 The definitions for paid sick leave and short-term disability (previously sickness and accident insurance) were changed for the 1995 survey. Paid sick leave now only includes plans that either specify a maximum number of days per year or unlimited days. Short-term disability now includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans available on a per disability basis as well as the unfunded per disability plans previously reported as sick leave. Sickness and accident insurance, reported in years prior to this survey, only included insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans providing per disability benefits at less than full pay. 3 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. The total is less than the sum of the individual items because many employees participated in both types of plans. 4 The total is less than the sum of the individual items because some employees participated in more than one type of plan. 5 Less than 0.5 percent. 6 Participants in savings and thrift plans usually are allowed to make pretax contributions. In the 1995 survey, provisions governing pretax contributions were not determinable for about one-tenth of the employees with savings and thrift plans. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no data were reported. Table 2. Summary: Participation(1) in selected employee benefit programs, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Professional, Blue All technical, and Clerical and collar Benefit employees related sales employ- and employees ees service workers Total number of employees. 33,373,969 9,366,025 8,104,860 15,903,083 Paid time off: Holidays................. 29,780,582 8,199,894 7,543,495 14,037,193 Vacations................ 31,913,506 9,038,279 7,999,339 14,875,888 Personal leave........... 7,372,202 2,253,258 2,752,675 2,366,268 Funeral leave............ 26,715,290 7,813,598 6,927,456 11,974,236 Jury duty leave.......... 28,353,739 8,566,393 7,250,328 12,537,018 Military leave........... 14,807,099 5,543,483 3,673,529 5,590,086 Family leave............. 545,816 273,932 168,972 102,913 Unpaid family leave....... 28,033,237 8,315,225 6,954,574 12,763,438 Disability benefits(2): Paid sick leave......... 19,466,591 6,906,477 6,312,139 6,247,975 Short-term disability... 17,808,848 4,498,877 4,205,061 9,104,910 Long-term disability insurance.............. 14,143,790 5,663,673 4,306,796 4,173,320 Survivor benefits: Life insurance......... 29,078,205 8,720,570 7,227,177 13,130,457 Accidental death and dismemberment......... 22,240,709 6,549,858 5,322,154 10,368,697 Survivor income benefits.............. 1,878,078 543,578 305,654 1,028,846 Health care benefits: Medical care........... 25,545,758 7,466,514 6,157,920 11,921,324 Dental care............ 18,866,181 6,217,109 4,603,174 8,045,898 Vision care............ 8,021,332 2,687,678 1,846,239 3,487,416 Outpatient prescription drug coverage......... 24,770,279 7,199,337 6,020,336 11,550,606 Retirement income benefits: All retirement(3)........ 26,662,168 8,130,015 6,910,422 11,621,730 Defined benefit........ 17,416,552 4,986,905 4,450,283 7,979,365 Defined contribution(4) 18,486,281 6,242,248 5,156,842 7,087,190 Savings and thrift... 13,561,579 4,701,837 3,787,741 5,072,001 Deferred profit sharing............. 4,204,640 1,306,157 1,234,543 1,663,940 Employee stock ownership........... 1,706,270 498,842 551,911 655,517 Money purchase pension............. 2,474,377 1,255,413 491,500 727,465 Stock bonus.......... 504,408 128,915 311,138 64,354 Cash or deferred arrangements (401(k) plans): With employer contributions......... 15,156,177 5,186,660 4,057,042 5,912,475 Salary reduction..... 14,646,034 5,056,350 3,978,947 5,610,737 Savings and thrift(5)......... 12,267,339 4,302,794 3,359,361 4,605,184 Deferred profit sharing........... 1,605,503 394,481 493,810 717,212 Other.............. 680,198 301,621 102,314 276,262 Deferral of profit sharing allocation.. 510,143 130,310 78,095 301,738 No employer contributions......... 3,093,795 1,250,668 662,016 1,181,111 1 Participants are workers covered by a paid time off, insurance, or retirement plan. Employees subject to a minimum service requirement before they are eligible for benefit coverage are counted as participants even if they have not met the requirement at the time of the survey. If employees are required to pay part of the cost of a benefit, only those who elect the coverage and pay their share are counted as participants. Except for family leave, benefits for which the employee must pay the full premium are outside the scope of the survey. Only current employees are counted as participants; retirees are excluded. 2 The definitions for paid sick leave and short-term disability (previously sickness and accident insurance) were changed for the 1995 survey. Paid sick leave now only includes plans that either specify a maximum number of days per year or unlimited days. Short-term disability now includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans available on a per disability basis as well as the unfunded per disability plans previously reported as sick leave. Sickness and accident insurance, reported in years prior to this survey, only included insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans providing per disability benefits at less than full pay. 3 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. The total is less than the sum of the individual items because many employees participated in both types of plans. 4 The total is less than the sum of the individual items because some employees participated in more than one type of plan. 5 Participants in savings and thrift plans usually are allowed to make pretax contributions. In the 1995 survey, provisions governing pretax contributions were not determinable for about one-tenth of the employees with savings and thrift plans. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no data were reported. Table 3. Other benefits: Eligibility for specified benefits, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 (In percent) Profes- sional, Blue- All tech- Clerical collar Benefit employees nical, and sales and and re- employees service lated employees employees Income continuation plans: Severance pay..... 35 47 43 24 Supplemental unemployment benefits......... 4 1 1 6 Family benefits: Employer assistance for child care(1).... 8 15 7 3 Employer provided funds. 4 7 4 2 On-site child care........... 3 8 2 1 Off-site child care........... 1 2 1 (2) Adoption assistance....... 11 18 12 6 Long-term care insurance........ 6 8 9 4 Flexible workplace 2 5 2 1 Health promotion programs: Wellness programs. 34 47 32 27 Employee assistance programs......... 58 72 60 49 Fitness center.... 19 31 16 13 Miscellaneous benefits: Job-related travel accident insurance........ 41 58 47 28 Nonproduction bonuses.......... 39 40 37 38 Subsidized commuting........ 5 8 5 3 Education assistance: Job-related..... 65 79 65 56 Not job-related. 18 25 17 15 Section 125 cafeteria benefits(3):....... 55 77 66 37 Flexible benefit plans............ 12 20 15 7 Reimbursement plans............ 38 53 46 25 Premium conversion plans............ 5 4 5 5 1 Occupations may have access to more than one type of assistance for child care. Not all types of assistance are shown separately. Therefore, the sums of individual items may not equal the totals. 2 Less than 0.05 percent. 3 Includes all types of plans under Internal Revenue Code Section 125. Flexible benefits plans include reimbursement account features. Table 4. Other benefits: Eligibility for specified benefits, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Professional, Blue- All technical, and Clerical and collar Benefit employees related sales employ- and employees ees service employees Total number of employees....... 33,373,969 9,366,025 8,104,860 15,903,083 Income continuation plans: Severance pay..... 11,752,594 4,423,922 3,461,884 3,866,788 Supplemental unemployment benefits......... 1,175,113 101,441 104,119 969,553 Family benefits: Employer assistance for child care(1).... 2,527,212 1,398,635 593,543 535,033 Employer provided funds. 1,279,502 675,469 355,384 248,648 On-site child care........... 1,144,119 758,681 201,732 183,705 Off-site child care........... 423,804 229,519 116,388 77,896 Adoption assistance....... 3,588,606 1,650,480 988,992 949,133 Long-term care insurance........ 2,087,765 747,466 751,016 589,283 Flexible workplace 705,761 439,358 180,619 85,784 Health promotion programs: Wellness programs. 11,288,509 4,425,556 2,568,610 4,294,343 Employee assistance programs......... 19,323,683 6,769,726 4,825,605 7,728,352 Fitness center.... 6,180,117 2,871,018 1,294,394 2,014,705 Miscellaneous benefits: Job-related travel accident insurance........ 13,758,934 5,476,248 3,774,010 4,508,677 Nonproduction bonuses.......... 12,919,404 3,777,467 3,020,092 6,121,845 Subsidized commuting........ 1,547,130 749,648 393,235 404,247 Education assistance: Job-related..... 21,563,913 7,361,142 5,291,165 8,911,606 Not job-related. 6,077,329 2,317,889 1,365,224 2,394,216 Section 125 cafeteria benefits(2):....... 18,421,559 7,178,193 5,370,399 5,872,968 Flexible benefit plans............ 4,086,002 1,842,611 1,202,510 1,040,882 Reimbursement plans............ 12,686,085 4,975,847 3,738,134 3,972,104 Premium conversion plans............ 1,649,472 359,735 429,755 859,981 1 Occupations may have access to more than one type of assistance for child care. Not all types of assistance are shown separately. Therefore, the sums of individual items may not equal the totals. 2 Includes all types of plans under Internal Revenue Code Section 125. Flexible benefits plans include reimbursement account features. Table 5. Plan administration: Type of plan sponsor for selected employee benefit programs, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 (In percent) Short- Long-term Defined Savings Plan sponsor Medical Life term dis- dis- benefit and care insurance ability ability pension thrift insurance All participants Total................ 100 100 100 100 100 100 Single employer......... 95 95 82 86 90 99 Multiemployer(1)........ 5 4 6 3 9 (2) Mandated benefits(3).... - (2) 12 - (2) - Employer association(4). (2) (2) - 1 (2) 1 Not determinable........ - (2) - 10 - - Professional, technical, and related Total................ 100 100 100 100 100 100 Single employer......... 98 99 85 89 96 99 Multiemployer(1)........ 1 1 1 (2) 3 (2) Mandated benefits(3).... - (2) 14 - 1 - Employer association(4). 1 1 - 1 (2) 1 Not determinable........ - (2) - 10 - - Clerical and sales Total................ 100 100 100 100 100 100 Single employer......... 97 98 80 90 93 99 Multiemployer(1)........ 3 2 3 1 7 (2) Mandated benefits(3).... - (2) 16 - - - Employer association(4). (2) (2) - 1 (2) 1 Not determinable........ - (2) - 8 - - Blue-collar and service Total................ 100 100 100 100 100 100 Single employer......... 92 92 81 77 86 99 Multiemployer(1)........ 8 8 9 9 14 1 Mandated benefits(3).... - - 10 - - - Employer association(4). (2) - - (2) (2) (2) Not determinable........ - (2) - 13 - - 1 Individual employers in the same or in a related industry contributing a negotiated amount to a trust fund providing benefits for employees covered under a collective bargaining agreement. 2 Less than 0.05 percent. 3 The majority of the participants with mandated short-term disability benefits were covered by State temporary disability insurance plans. The remaining employees were covered by the Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act. Mandated defined benefit pension plan participants were covered by Railroad Retirement Tier 2. 4 Band of medium and large employers in a common trade or business, for example, savings and loan associations. The plan sponsored by the association is not negotiated with the employees. Table 6. Work schedule: Percent of full-time employees by hours scheduled per week and per day,(1) medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Work schedule All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with work schedule.......... 33,374 9,366 8,105 15,903 Percent Total.................. 100 100 100 100 Hours per week: Under 35.............. 2 2 1 3 35.................... 4 5 5 3 Over 35 and under 37.5 1 1 1 (2) 37.5.................. 5 6 7 3 Over 37.5 and under 40................. 2 2 3 2 40.................... 83 81 81 85 Over 40............... 3 3 1 3 Hours per day: Under 7............... 2 2 1 2 7..................... 4 5 5 3 Over 7 and under 8.... 7 8 11 4 8..................... 83 80 82 84 Over 8 and under 9.... (2) 1 (2) (2) 9..................... 1 2 (2) 1 Over 9 and under 10... (2) (2) (2) (2) 10.................... 1 1 (2) 1 Over 10............... 2 1 (2) 4 1 Work schedule data includes paid lunch and paid rest periods. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 7. Work schedule: Percent of full-time employees by type of work schedule, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Work schedule All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Participants (in thousands).......... 33,374 9,366 8,105 15,903 Percent Total............ 100 100 100 100 With fixed work schedule 95 94 96 96 With flexible work schedule............. 1 2 2 (1) With rotating work schedule............. 1 1 (1) 2 With non-fixed work schedule............. 1 2 2 1 Other................... (1) (1) - (1) Data not available...... 1 1 1 1 1 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 8. Paid holidays and vacations: Average number of days for full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Item All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Paid holidays............. 9.1 9.7 8.8 9.0 Paid vacation by minimum length of service requirement:(1) At 1 year(2)........... 9.6 12.5 9.8 7.6 At 3 years............. 11.5 13.5 11.3 10.3 At 5 years............. 13.9 16.3 14.0 12.3 At 10 years............ 16.9 19.1 17.0 15.5 At 15 years............ 18.9 21.2 19.3 17.3 At 20 years............ 20.4 22.5 20.4 19.1 At 25 years............ 21.7 23.7 22.0 20.4 At 30 years(3)......... 22.0 24.0 22.3 20.7 1 Employees are either granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service, or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number of days are assumed available for use immediately upon completion of the described length-of-service interval. 2 Employees receiving vacation days, but none at 1 year of service, were included only for the service periods for which they receive vacations. 3 The average (mean) was essentially the same for longer lengths of service. NOTE: Computation of average included partial days and excluded workers with zero holidays or vacation days. Methods used to calculate the average number of paid holidays have been revised, to count partial holidays more precisely. The average holidays in this table are not comparable to those reported in the 1991 and 1993 surveys of medium and large private establishments. Table 9. Paid holidays: Percent of full-time employees by number of paid holidays provided each year, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Number of days All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with paid holidays.......... 29,663 8,200 7,521 13,942 Percent Total with paid holidays 100 100 100 100 Less than 6 days...... 5 2 5 7 6 days................ 12 7 17 13 6.1-6.9 days.......... (1) (1) (1) (1) 7 days................ 8 5 9 9 7.1-7.9 days.......... (1) (1) 1 (1) 8 days................ 10 12 9 9 8.1-8.9 days.......... 1 1 (1) 1 9 days................ 12 13 11 11 9.1-9.9 days.......... (1) (1) (1) (1) 10 days............... 21 21 26 19 10.1-10.9 days........ (1) (1) 2 - 11 days............... 14 17 11 14 11.1-11.9 days........ 1 2 1 (1) 12 days............... 8 11 5 8 12.1-12.9 days........ (1) (1) (1) (1) 13 days............... 4 4 1 5 13.1-13.9 days........ (1) (1) - (1) 14 days............... 1 (1) (1) 1 More than 14 days..... 2 2 1 3 Number of days not available.......... (1) 1 (1) (1) 1 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 10. Paid vacations: Percent of full-time employees by number of paid vacation days provided for selected periods of service, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Vacation policy All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with paid vacations......... 31,914 9,038 7,999 14,876 Percent Total with paid vacations(1)........... 100 100 100 100 Vacation days by minimum length-of-service requirement(2) After 1 year of service: Under 5 days........ 2 1 1 3 5 days.............. 32 8 23 53 Over 5 and under 10 days............. 2 1 1 4 10 days............. 43 52 59 29 Over 10 and under 15 days............. 4 7 3 2 15 days............. 4 9 3 2 Over 15 and under 20 days............. 1 2 1 (3) 20 days............. 2 7 (3) (3) Over 20 days........ 5 10 5 3 After 3 years of service: Under 5 days........ (3) 1 (3) (3) 5 days.............. 5 1 3 9 Over 5 and under 10 days............. 3 2 1 5 10 days............. 65 52 75 68 Over 10 and under 15 days............. 7 7 5 8 15 days............. 7 15 6 3 Over 15 and under 20 days............. 1 2 1 1 20 days............. 3 8 2 1 Over 20 days........ 6 11 5 3 After 5 years of service: Under 5 days........ (3) (3) 0 (3) 5 days.............. 1 (3) 1 2 Over 5 and under 10 days............. 2 1 1 3 10 days............. 39 23 36 51 Over 10 and under 15 days............. 5 6 3 6 15 days............. 34 38 45 27 Over 15 and under 20 days............. 3 5 2 1 20 days............. 5 10 4 2 Over 20 days........ 8 15 7 3 After 10 years of service: Under 5 days........ (3) (3) 0 0 5 days.............. 1 (3) 1 2 Over 5 and under 10 days............. 1 1 (3) 2 10 days............. 8 3 5 12 Over 10 and under 15 days............. 2 1 1 3 15 days............. 50 38 59 52 Over 15 and under 20 days............. 6 5 3 8 20 days............. 19 29 20 13 Over 20 and under 25 days............. 3 8 2 1 25 days............. 2 4 1 (3) Over 25 days........ 6 10 6 3 After 15 years of service: 5 days.............. 1 (3) 1 2 Over 5 and under 10 days............. 1 (3) (3) 1 10 days............. 7 3 4 11 Over 10 and under 15 days............. 1 1 1 2 15 days............. 22 14 20 28 Over 15 and under 20 days............. 4 4 2 5 20 days............. 47 49 59 40 Over 20 and under 25 days............. 4 8 2 2 25 days............. 3 6 3 2 Over 25 and under 30 days............. 2 3 2 1 30 days............. 2 4 1 (3) Over 30 days........ 4 7 4 2 After 20 years of service: 5 days.............. 1 (3) 1 2 Over 5 and under 10 days............. (3) (3) (3) 1 10 days............. 7 3 4 11 Over 10 and under 15 days............. 1 1 (3) 2 15 days............. 12 6 14 15 Over 15 and under 20 days............. 1 1 1 2 20 days............. 45 46 55 39 Over 20 and under 25 days............. 5 9 3 4 25 days............. 14 15 12 15 Over 25 and under 30 days............. 3 5 2 2 30 days............. 2 4 1 1 Over 30 days........ 5 8 5 3 After 25 years of service: 5 days.............. 1 (3) 1 2 Over 5 and under 10 days............. (3) (3) (3) 1 10 days............. 7 3 4 11 Over 10 and under 15 days............. 1 1 (3) 2 15 days............. 12 6 14 15 Over 15 and under 20 days............. 1 1 1 1 20 days............. 30 32 33 27 Over 20 and under 25 days............. 4 7 3 3 25 days............. 28 29 32 26 Over 25 and under 30 days............. 2 3 2 1 30 days............. 6 9 4 6 Over 30 days........ 5 8 5 3 After 30 years of service(4) 5 days.............. 1 (3) 1 2 Over 5 and under 10 days............. (3) (3) (3) 1 10 days............. 7 3 4 11 Over 10 and under 15 days............. 1 1 (3) 2 15 days............. 12 6 14 15 Over 15 and under 20 days............. 1 1 1 1 20 days............. 29 31 33 26 Over 20 and under 25 days............. 4 7 2 3 25 days............. 25 25 29 22 Over 25 and under 30 days............. 2 3 2 1 30 days............. 10 14 7 9 Over 30 days........ 6 8 7 4 Vacation policy not available.............. 2 2 1 3 1 Employees receiving no paid vacations in their early years of service are included in the overall percentage of workers provided paid vacations; however, they are disregarded in computing the distributions by length-of-service up to the service period at which they become eligible for vacations. 2 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length-of-service, or accrue days during the next 12 month period. The total number of days are assumed available for use immediately upon completion of the described length-of-service interval. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. 4 Provisions were virtually the same after longer years of service. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 11. Paid vacations: Percent of full-time employees by length of service required to take vacation, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Length-of-service All techni- and sales and requirement employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with paid vacations......... 31,914 9,038 7,999 14,876 Percent Total with paid vacations. 100 100 100 100 With service requirement 88 81 91 89 1 month............... 10 18 7 6 2 months.............. 1 2 1 1 3 months.............. 7 7 11 5 4-5 months............ 1 2 1 (1) 6 months.............. 23 27 31 17 7-11 months........... 1 (1) (1) 1 1 year................ 45 26 39 59 Over 1 year........... (1) (1) 1 (1) Without service requirement.......... 12 18 8 10 Service requirement not determinable......... 1 1 1 1 1 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 12. Paid vacations: Percent of full-time employees by unused vacation policy, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- sional, Clerical Produc- Type of plan All techni- and sales tion and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with paid vacations......... 31,914 9,038 7,999 14,876 Percent Total with paid vacations. 100 100 100 100 Carryover only.......... 24 39 28 13 Cash-in only............ 11 6 6 18 Carryover and cash-in... 11 17 9 8 Unused benefit lost..... 49 35 53 56 Data not available...... 5 4 4 6 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 13. Paid vacations: Average number of days for full-time employees by carryover and cash-in provisions, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Paid vacation by minimum Carryover No length of service All plans Carryover, Carryover Cash-in and caryover requirement(1) cash-in, only only cash-in or or both cash-in All employees After 1 year(2)..... 9.6 11.2 11.4 7.2 15.0 8.2 After 3 years....... 11.5 12.8 12.6 9.9 16.3 10.4 After 5 years....... 13.9 15.5 15.4 12.4 19.1 12.5 After 10 years...... 16.9 18.6 18.5 15.7 22.1 15.4 After 15 years...... 18.9 20.8 20.7 17.9 23.9 17.3 After 20 years...... 20.4 22.1 22.0 19.6 25.3 18.9 After 25 years...... 21.7 23.3 23.3 20.6 26.1 20.4 After 30 years(3)... 22.0 23.6 23.7 20.8 26.4 20.7 1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service, or accrue days during the next 12 month period. The total number of days are assumed available for use immediately upon completion of the described length-of-service interval. 2 Employees receiving vacation days, but none at 1 year of service, were included only for the service periods for which they receive vacations. 3 The average (mean) was essentially the same for longer lengths of service. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 14. Paid personal leave: Percent of employees by number of paid personal leave days available per year, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Number of days All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employ- employees ees Number (in thousands) with paid personal leave.... 7,372 2,253 2,753 2,366 Percent Total with paid personal leave.................. 100 100 100 100 1 day................... 16 16 12 21 2 days.................. 34 22 45 33 3 days.................. 17 18 15 17 4 days.................. 11 13 10 9 5 days.................. 10 14 6 10 More than 5 days........ 8 11 7 7 No maximum specified(1). 3 4 2 3 Number of days not available............ 1 1 2 1 Average Average days per year.... 3.3 3.9 3.0 3.2 1 Personal leave provided as needed. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 15. Paid funeral leave: Percent of employees by number of paid funeral leave days available per occurrence, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Number of days All techni- and sales and ser- employees cal, and employees vice em- related ployees employees Number (in thousands) with paid funeral leave..... 26,715 7,814 6,927 11,974 Percent 100 100 100 100 Total with paid funeral leave 1 day................. 1 (1) (1) 1 2 days................ 3 1 1 5 3 days................ 71 65 71 73 4 days................ 2 2 3 2 5 days................ 15 22 16 11 More than 5 days...... (1) (1) 1 (1) No maximum specified(2)....... 5 6 6 4 Number of days not available.......... 3 3 2 3 Number of days varies by relationship to deceased(3)........ 31 33 35 29 Average Average days per occurrence............. 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.2 1 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 Funeral leave is provided as needed. 3 The maximum number of days for any occurrence was included in the distribution of funeral leave days. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 16. Paid jury-duty leave: Percent of employees by number of paid jury-duty leave days available per occurrence, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Number of days All techni- and sales and ser- employees cal, and employees vice em- related ployees employees Number (in thousands) with paid jury-duty leave... 28,354 8,566 7,250 12,537 Percent Total..................... 100 100 100 100 Under 10 days........... 2 2 1 3 10 days................. 8 6 8 9 11 - 19 days............ 2 3 1 1 20 days................. 1 1 1 1 21 days................. (1) (1) (1) - 22 - 30 days............ 4 3 3 5 More than 30 days....... 1 1 (1) 2 No maximum specified(2). 81 82 85 79 Number of days not available............ (1) 1 (1) (1) 1 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 Jury-duty leave is provided as needed. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 17. Paid military leave: Percent of employees by number of paid military leave days available per year, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Number of days All techni- and sales and ser- employees cal, and employees vice em- related ployees employees Number (in thousands) with paid military leave.... 14,807 5,543 3,674 5,590 Percent Total..................... 100 100 100 100 Under 10 days........... 2 2 2 1 10 days................. 51 50 52 51 11-14 days.............. 5 6 5 3 15 days................. 9 6 6 14 16 - 19 days............ 2 2 5 1 20 days................. 2 2 2 3 21 - 29 days............ 2 3 1 2 30 days................. 2 3 2 2 More than 30 days....... 3 6 2 1 No maximum specified(1). 21 20 23 21 Number of days not available............ 1 1 (2) 1 Average Average days per year..... 14.7 17.3 14.1 12.6 1 Military leave is provided as needed. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 18. Unpaid family leave(1): Percent of employees by duration of benefits, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Duration All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with unpaid family leave 28,033 8,315 6,955 12,763 Percent Total with unpaid family leave....... 100 100 100 100 Under 12 weeks.. 1 1 1 1 12 weeks........ 86 82 82 91 Over 12 weeks... 13 17 17 8 Average Average weeks....... 13.9 14.5 14.5 13.2 1 The maximum number of weeks available was included in the distribution of unpaid family leave weeks. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 19. Paid sick leave: Percent of full-time employees by type of provision,(1) medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Provision All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with paid sick leave........ 19,467 6,906 6,312 6,248 Percent Total with paid sick leave.............. 100 100 100 100 Sick leave provision: Annual number of days(2) 92 90 95 93 As needed(3)............ 5 7 3 3 Other basis(4).......... 2 2 1 2 Policy not available.... 1 1 (5) 2 1 Per disability sick leave plans, previously reported under paid sick leave, are now included under short-term disability coverage. 2 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by length of service. 3 Plan does not specify maximum number of days. 4 Includes formal plans that change from a specified number of days per year to a specified number of days per absence after a certain service period. 5 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 20. Paid annual sick leave: Percent of full-time employees by number of days,(1) medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Sick leave policy(2) All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with paid annual sick leave. 17,962 6,196 5,975 5,791 Percent Total with paid annual sick leave(3).......... 100 100 100 100 After 1 year of service: Total................. 95 97 96 93 Under 5 days.......... 6 2 4 12 5 and under 10 days... 41 29 49 45 10 and under 15 days.. 34 44 29 27 15 and under 30 days.. 11 15 12 7 30 and under 60 days.. 2 3 1 1 60 and under 120 days. 1 1 1 1 120 and under 180 days 1 1 (4) 1 180 days or more...... (4) (4) (4) (4) After 3 years of service: Total................. 98 99 98 97 Under 5 days.......... 6 2 4 13 5 and under 10 days... 40 27 48 45 10 and under 15 days.. 32 42 27 25 15 and under 30 days.. 10 13 8 8 30 and under 60 days.. 7 9 10 3 60 and under 120 days. 2 3 1 1 120 and under 180 days 1 3 (4) 1 180 days or more...... (4) (4) (4) (4) After 5 years of service: Total................. 98 99 98 98 Under 5 days.......... 6 2 4 13 5 and under 10 days... 40 27 47 46 10 and under 15 days.. 31 41 27 25 15 and under 30 days.. 6 7 5 5 30 and under 60 days.. 6 9 4 4 60 and under 120 days. 9 10 11 5 120 and under 180 days 1 3 (4) 1 180 days or more...... (4) (4) (4) (4) After 10 years of service: Total................. 98 99 98 98 Under 5 days.......... 5 2 3 10 5 and under 10 days... 40 27 47 48 10 and under 15 days.. 31 41 26 25 15 and under 30 days.. 5 7 4 5 30 and under 60 days.. 3 5 2 3 60 and under 120 days. 9 13 8 6 120 and under 180 days 4 5 6 1 180 days or more...... (4) (4) (4) (4) After 15 years of service: Total................. 99 100 98 98 Under 5 days.......... 5 2 3 10 5 and under 10 days... 40 27 47 48 10 and under 15 days.. 31 41 26 25 15 and under 30 days.. 5 7 4 5 30 and under 60 days.. 3 4 2 2 60 and under 120 days. 7 11 6 5 120 and under 180 days 7 8 9 3 180 days or more...... (4) (4) (4) (4) After 20 years of service: Total................. 99 100 98 98 Under 5 days.......... 5 2 3 10 5 and under 10 days... 40 27 47 48 10 and under 15 days.. 31 41 26 25 15 and under 30 days.. 5 7 4 5 30 and under 60 days.. 3 4 2 2 60 and under 120 days. 6 8 5 4 120 and under 180 days 6 9 7 3 180 days or more...... 2 2 3 2 After 25 years of service(5) Total................. 99 100 98 98 Under 5 days.......... 5 2 3 9 5 and under 10 days... 41 27 47 49 10 and under 15 days.. 31 41 26 25 15 and under 30 days.. 5 7 4 5 30 and under 60 days.. 3 4 2 2 60 and under 120 days. 4 6 4 3 120 and under 180 days 8 12 8 3 180 days or more...... 2 3 3 2 1 Although some plans also provided sick leave at partial pay, this table presents data only for days at full pay. 2 Employees receiving partial pay only or no sick leave in their early years of service are included in the overall percentages of workers provided sick leave; however, they are disregarded in computing the distributions by length of service up to the service period at which they become eligible for full sick leave pay. 3 Employees are either granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service, or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number of days are assumed available for use immediately upon completion of the described length-of-service interval. 4 Less than 0.5 percent. 5 Provisions were virtually the same after longer periods of service. Table 21: Paid annual sick leave: Average number of days at full pay for full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Sick leave policy All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Paid annual sick leave days(1) by minimum length-of-service: After 1 year........... 11.5 14.7 9.9 9.6 After 3 years.......... 14.3 18.6 13.1 10.8 After 5 years.......... 17.6 22.3 17.3 12.8 After 10 years......... 21.2 26.6 22.3 14.3 After 15 years......... 23.6 29.9 24.3 16.2 After 20 years......... 26.3 33.1 27.2 17.8 After 25 years(2)...... 27.7 34.9 28.6 19.0 1 Employees are either granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service, or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number of days are assumed available for use immediately upon completion of the described length-of-service interval. 2 The average (mean) was virtually the same after longer years of service. NOTE: Computation of average excluded days at partial pay and workers with only partial pay days or zero days of sick leave. Table 22: Paid annual sick leave:(1) Percent of full-time employees by unused sick leave policy and carryover provisions, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Unused sick leave and All techni- and sales and carryover provisions employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with paid annual sick leave. 17,962 6,196 5,975 5,791 Percent Total with paid annual sick leave......... 100 100 100 100 Carryover only............ 42 47 41 37 Cash-in only.............. 7 2 6 13 Carryover and cash-in..... 9 10 7 11 Unused benefit lost....... 39 37 44 37 Data not available........ 3 3 1 3 Total with carryover provisions........ 100 100 100 100 Unlimited accumulation.... 19 27 16 14 Limit on total number of days accumulated Total................... 80 73 83 85 Under 10 days........... 3 1 4 3 10 days................. 4 2 4 7 11-19 days.............. 5 3 5 8 20 days................. 2 1 1 5 21-24 days.............. 8 7 13 4 25 days................. 2 1 4 2 26-29 days.............. (2) (2) (2) 1 30-39 days.............. 14 11 14 17 40-49 days.............. 4 4 3 4 50 days................. (2) 1 (2) (2) 51-64 days.............. 7 7 6 8 65 days................. 2 3 2 3 66-79 days.............. 5 4 6 4 80-89 days.............. 1 1 1 1 90-99 days.............. 6 6 5 6 100-109 days............ 1 (2) 1 2 110-119 days............ 1 1 1 1 120-129 days............ 4 5 4 2 130 days................ 6 7 6 3 Over 130 days........... 5 7 4 4 Other(3).................. 1 1 1 1 1 Paid sick leave plans with a specified number of days available each year. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. 3 Carryover provisions vary by length of service. Table 23: Paid annual sick leave(1): Average number of days at full pay for full-time employees by accumulation policy, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Sick leave policy All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Sick leave days by minimum length-of-service requirement:(2) After 1 year of service: Cumulative plan....... 9.1 10.4 8.4 8.2 Noncumulative plan.... 14.2 21.3 11.4 10.9 After 3 years of service: Cumulative plan....... 9.6 11.1 8.8 8.3 Noncumulative plan.... 19.6 29.8 17.4 13.0 After 5 years of service: Cumulative plan....... 10.0 11.8 9.1 8.5 Noncumulative plan.... 26.3 38.4 25.4 16.9 After 10 years of service: Cumulative plan....... 10.7 12.9 9.8 8.8 Noncumulative plan.... 33.5 47.7 35.0 19.6 After 15 years of service: Cumulative plan....... 10.9 13.1 9.9 8.9 Noncumulative plan.... 38.4 55.4 38.8 23.3 After 20 years of service: Cumulative plan....... 11.7 14.3 10.8 9.2 Noncumulative plan.... 43.2 62.0 43.7 26.4 After 25 years of service:(3) Cumulative plan....... 11.7 14.3 10.8 9.2 Noncumulative plan.... 46.3 66.3 46.5 28.8 Data not available........ (4) (4) (4) (4) 1 Paid sick leave plans with a specified number of days available each year. 2 Employees are either granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service, or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number of days are assumed available for use immediately upon completion of the described length-of-service interval. 3 The average (mean) was virtually the same at longer years of service. 4 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Computation of average excluded days paid at partial pay and workers with only partial pay days or zero days of sick leave. Table 24: Paid annual sick leave: Percent of full-time employees by length of service requirement for participation, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Length of service All techni- and sales and requirement employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with paid annual sick leave. 17,962 6,196 5,975 5,791 Percent Total with paid annual sick leave.......... 100 100 100 100 With service requirement.. 65 53 73 70 1 month................. 16 20 15 11 2 months................ 3 2 2 3 3 months................ 20 14 28 18 4-5 months.............. 1 (1) 1 1 6 months................ 15 13 18 13 7-11 months............. 2 - (1) 6 1 year.................. 9 3 8 16 Over 1 year............. 1 (1) (1) 2 Without service requirement............ 35 47 27 30 Data not available........ (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 25: Paid annual sick leave: Percent of full-time employees in plans allowing use of sick leave for other purposes, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Other purposes All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with paid annual sick leave. 17,962 6,196 5,975 5,791 Percent Total with paid annual sick leave......... 100 100 100 100 Other purposes allowed(1). 68 74 73 57 Funeral................. 9 11 6 9 Doctors' appointments... 57 61 62 48 Personal business....... 13 12 12 14 Care of sick child...... 45 46 53 36 Other................... 12 14 11 11 Other purposes not allowed 26 21 20 36 Data not available........ 6 5 6 8 1 This total is smaller than the sum of the components because some employees could use sick leave for more than one other purpose. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 26. Short-term disability coverage: Method of funding, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Type of funding All techni- and and employees cal, and sales service related employees employees employees Number (in thousands) with short-term disability coverage............... 17,809 4,499 4,205 9,105 Percent Total with short-term disability coverage.... 100 100 100 100 Unfunded(1)............. 14 23 21 7 Insured................. 20 15 16 25 Self-insured............ 44 44 40 45 Legally required........ 13 14 15 11 Unknown................. 7 3 5 10 Other................... 2 1 3 2 1 Includes per disability sick leave plans, formerly reported under sick leave. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 27. Short-term disability coverage: Method of payment, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Method of payment All techni- and and employees cal, and sales service related employees employees employees Number (in thousands) with funded short-term disability coverage.... 15,308 3,483 3,312 8,512 Percent Total with funded short-term disability coverage............... 100 100 100 100 Flat dollar amount...... 27 10 12 41 Flat percent of earnings 54 73 66 41 Percent varies(1)....... 13 14 18 10 Dollar amount varies(1). 5 1 2 7 Other................... 1 1 1 1 Not determinable........ (2) (2) 1 (2) 1 Benefits may vary by earnings, length of service, or length of disability. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 28. Short-term disability coverage: Flat dollar amounts, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Flat dollar amount per All techni- and and week employees cal, and sales service related employees employees employees Number (in thousands) with flat dollar amount..... 4,195 354 383 3,458 Percent Total with flat dollar amount benefit......... 100 100 100 100 Less than $100.......... 12 5 17 13 $100 - $149............. 23 17 34 22 $150 - $199............. 31 52 27 29 $200 - $249............. 21 11 6 23 $250 - $299............. 10 11 10 9 $300 or more............ 4 3 7 3 Average(1) Average flat dollar amount per week............... $170 $171 $153 $171 1 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 29. Short-term disability coverage: Fixed percent of earnings amounts, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Fixed percent of earnings All techni- and and employees cal, and sales service related employees employees employees Number (in thousands) with fixed percent of earnings benefit....... 8,247 2,552 2,200 3,495 Percent Total with flat percent of earnings benefit....... 100 100 100 100 Less than 50 percent ... 1 1 1 2 50 percent.............. 27 19 28 31 51 - 59 percent......... (1) (1) (1) 1 60 percent.............. 22 15 20 27 61 - 69 percent......... 34 39 35 29 70 percent.............. 7 12 7 4 71 - 79 percent......... 3 (1) 5 3 80 percent or more...... 6 12 5 4 Average(2) Average fixed percent of earnings benefit....... 63 66 62 61 1 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 30. Short-term disability coverage: Maximum benefits placed on percent of earnings formulas, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes Blue- sional, Clerical collar Maximum benefit per week All techni- and and employees cal, and sales service related employees employees employees Number (in thousands) with percent of earnings benefit................ 10,244 3,049 2,809 4,386 Percent Number with percent of earnings benefit....... 100 100 100 100 With maximum............ 55 53 53 57 Less than $200........ 16 13 17 17 $200 - $299........... 8 4 5 14 $300 - $399........... 15 12 17 15 $400 - $499........... 3 7 (1) 1 $500 - $599........... 4 4 2 4 $600 or more.......... 9 13 12 6 No maximum.............. 38 41 37 36 Not determinable........ 7 6 9 7 Average(2) Average maximum benefit per week............... $470 $594 $531 $354 1 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 31. Short-term disability coverage: Minimum benefits placed on percent of earnings formulas, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Minimum benefit per week All techni- and and employees cal, and sales service related employees employees employees Number (in thousands) with percent of earnings benefit................ 10,244 3,049 2,809 4,386 Percent Total with percent of earnings benefit....... 100 100 100 100 With minimum............ 7 7 5 8 Less than $50......... 3 2 3 3 $50 - $99............. 1 (1) (1) 2 $100 - $149........... (1) (1) (1) (1) $150 or more.......... 3 5 1 2 No minimum.............. 84 87 82 84 Not determinable........ 9 6 14 8 Average(2) Average minimum benefit per week............... $89 $109 $52 $91 1 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 32. Short-term disability coverage: Type of waiting period, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Waiting period All techni- and and provision employees cal, and sales service related employees employees employees Number (in thousands) with funded short-term disability coverage.... 15,308 3,483 3,312 8,512 Percent Total with funded short-term disability coverage............. 100 100 100 100 Waiting period not dependent on sick leave.............. 83 78 80 86 Waiting period begins after sick leave... 7 11 10 5 Later of waiting period or sick leave(1)........... 3 3 5 2 Earlier of waiting period or sick leave(2)........... 2 5 1 (3) Not determinable...... 5 3 4 7 1 Benefits begin when sick leave is exhausted or the waiting period is completed, whichever is later. 2 Benefits begin when sick leave is exhausted or the waiting period is completed, whichever is earlier. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 33. Short-term disability coverage: Length of waiting period, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Length of waiting period All techni- and and employees cal, and sales service related employees employees employees Number (in thousands) with funded short-term disability coverage.... 15,308 3,483 3,312 8,512 Percent Total with funded short-term disability coverage............... 100 100 100 100 Immediate............... 4 7 5 3 1 day................... 6 6 4 7 2 days.................. 1 1 1 1 3 days.................. 4 2 3 5 4 days.................. 1 1 1 2 5 days.................. 4 5 7 3 6 days.................. 2 3 3 2 7 days.................. 51 49 47 54 Greater than 7 days..... 20 24 26 17 Not determinable........ 5 3 4 7 Average(1) Average waiting period (in days).................. 8.3 9.8 9.5 7.3 1 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without plan provisions. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 34. Short-term disability coverage: Duration of benefits, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Duration of benefits All techni- and and employees cal, and sales service related employees employees employees Number (in thousands) with funded short-term disability coverage.... 15,308 3,483 3,312 8,512 Percent Total with funded short-term disability coverage............... 100 100 100 100 Fixed duration.......... 92 95 89 92 Less than 13 weeks.... 3 4 5 1 13 weeks.............. 12 9 9 14 14 - 25 weeks......... 6 6 7 6 26 weeks.............. 62 66 61 61 27 - 51 weeks......... 3 3 4 3 52 weeks.............. 5 4 2 6 Greater than 52 weeks. 2 3 1 1 Duration varies......... 7 5 10 8 Not determinable........ (1) (1) 1 (1) Average(2) Average benefit duration (in weeks)............. 26 27 25 26 1 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 35. Short-term disability coverage: Eligibility requirements, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Eligibility requirement All techni- and and employees cal, and sales service related employees employees employees Number (in thousands) with funded short-term disability coverage.... 15,308 3,483 3,312 8,512 Percent Total with funded short-term disability coverage............... 100 100 100 100 With a service requirement.......... 57 45 58 61 1 month............... 14 14 14 14 2 months.............. 5 2 3 8 3 months.............. 21 13 22 23 4 -5 months........... 2 1 2 2 6 months.............. 7 6 7 8 7 - 11 months......... 1 2 - 1 12 months............. 6 6 10 4 Greater than 12 months 2 1 1 2 Without a service requirement.......... 36 51 34 30 Not determinable........ 7 4 8 9 Average(1) Average service requirement (in months) 4.6 5.1 5.1 4.2 1 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 36. Long-term disability insurance: Benefit waiting period,(1) full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Length of waiting period All techni- and and employees cal, and sales service related employees employees employees Number (in thousands) with long-term disability insurance.............. 14,144 5,664 4,307 4,173 Percent Total with long-term disability insurance... 100 100 100 100 Fixed duration.......... 75 78 79 68 Less than 3 months.... 1 1 2 1 3 months.............. 24 25 22 25 4 - 5 months.......... 2 2 2 3 6 months.............. 42 43 49 33 Greater than 6 months. 6 8 3 7 Expiration of short-term disability benefits.. 20 17 18 24 Other................... 2 2 1 4 Not determinable........ 2 3 2 3 Average(2) Average fixed duration (in months)................ 5.4 5.5 5.3 5.4 1 Length of time between onset of disability and beginning of long-term disability insurance payments. 2 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 37. Long-term disability insurance: Method of payment, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Method of payment All techni- and and employees cal, and sales service related employees employees employees Number (in thousands) with long-term disability insurance.............. 14,144 5,664 4,307 4,173 Percent Total with long-term disability insurance... 100 100 100 100 Fixed percent of earnings............. 91 93 94 84 Less than 50 percent.. 3 4 1 3 50 percent............ 18 14 22 20 51 - 59 percent....... (1) (1) (1) 1 60 percent............ 50 52 51 45 61 - 66 percent....... 2 2 3 2 67 percent............ 11 13 13 8 70 percent............ 4 6 2 2 Greater than 70 percent............ 2 3 1 3 Percent varies by earnings............. 4 4 3 5 Percent varies by service.............. 1 1 2 1 Flat dollar amount...... (1) (1) (1) (1) Dollar amount varies.... (1) - - (1) Other................... 3 1 (1) 8 Not determinable........ (1) (1) 1 (1) Average(2) Average fixed percent of earnings............... 59.1 59.7 58.8 58.4 1 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 38. Long-term disability insurance: Maximum benefits(1) based on percent of earnings formulas, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Maximum benefit All techni- and and employees cal, and sales service related employees employees employees Number (in thousands) with percent of earnings benefit................ 13,635 5,582 4,257 3,795 Percent Total with percent of earnings benefit....... 100 100 100 100 With maximum............ 69 72 70 64 Flat maximum per month 69 72 68 64 $2,000 or less...... 6 5 6 9 $2,001 - $3,000..... 7 5 8 10 $3,001 - $4,000..... 3 3 4 3 $4,001 - $5,000..... 14 13 12 18 $5,001 - $7,500..... 11 14 9 9 $7,501 - $10,000.... 16 18 19 9 $10,001 or more..... 11 14 10 7 Other maximum(2)...... 1 (3) 1 (3) No maximum.............. 31 28 30 36 Average(4) Average flat maximum benefit (per month).... $7,277 $7,823 $7,724 $5,841 1 Excludes limits on all disability income, which restrict long-term disability insurance payments if income from all sources exceeds a specified amount. 2 Includes maximums that vary by length of service. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. 4 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 39. Long-term disability insurance: Duration of payments, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Duration All techni- and and employees cal, and sales service related employees employees employees Number (in thousands) with long-term disability insurance.............. 14,144 5,664 4,307 4,173 Percent Total with long-term disability insurance... 100 100 100 100 For life................ 3 3 3 3 Until a specified age... 21 17 17 30 Until retirement........ 18 15 20 20 Varies by age,(1) one change............... 6 5 8 4 Varies by age,(1) gradual change....... 36 44 37 25 Varies by other than age 2 1 1 6 Other................... 2 2 2 1 Not determinable........ 12 14 12 10 1 The duration of benefits may be reduced gradually according to a schedule or once at a specified age. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 40. Long-term disability insurance: Eligibility requirements, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Length of service All techni- and and requirement employees cal, and sales service related employees employees employees Number (in thousands) with long-term disability insurance.............. 14,144 5,664 4,307 4,173 Percent Total with long-term disability insurance... 100 100 100 100 With a service requirement.......... 66 59 71 71 1 month............... 17 18 21 11 2 months.............. 3 2 3 4 3 months.............. 16 12 21 15 4 -5 months........... 1 (1) 1 1 6 months.............. 14 12 11 20 7 - 11 months......... 3 (1) (1) 9 12 months............. 10 12 9 9 Greater than 12 months 3 2 5 3 Without a service requirement.......... 28 36 22 22 Average(2) Average service requirement (in months) 6.1 5.7 6.1 6.6 1 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 41. Medical care benefits: Summary of selected features, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Item All techni- and and employees cal, and sales service related employees employees employees Number (in thousands) with medical care(1)........ 25,546 7,467 6,158 11,921 Percent Total with medical care... 100 100 100 100 Traditional fee-for-service(2)... 37 29 30 45 Preferred provider organization(3)...... 34 36 36 33 Prepaid health maintenance organization(4)...... 27 33 32 21 Retiree coverage available(5)......... 46 51 50 41 With a service requirement.......... 64 51 67 71 1 Plans providing services or payments for services rendered in the hospital or by a physician. Excludes plans that provided only dental, vision or prescription drug coverage. 2 The plan pays for specific medical procedures as expenses are incurred. 3 A preferred provider organization (PPO) is a group of hospitals and physicians that contracts to provide comprehensive medical services. To encourage use of organization members, the health care plan limits reimbursement rates when participants use nonmembers' services. 4 Includes federally qualified (those meeting standards of the Health Maintenance Act of 1973, as amended) and other HMO's delivering comprehensive health care on a prepayment rather than fee-for-service basis. 5 Tabulations cover plans in which insurance was continued for longer than 1 month after retirement. It excludes plans that provide only the retiree's share of premiums for medical insurance under Medicare (Part B). NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 42. Medical care benefits: Coverage for selected services, by type of plan, full- time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Professional, Blue- All techni- Clerical collar employees cal, and and sales and related employees service Categories of care employees employees All plans Non-HMO HMO plans All plans Non-HMO HMO plans All plans Non-HMO HMO plans All plans Non-HMO HMO plans plans plans plans plans Number of employees (in thousands)............. 25,546 18,558 6,988 7,467 4,968 2,499 6,158 4,170 1,988 11,921 9,419 2,502 Percent Hospital room and board... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Inpatient surgery......... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Outpatient surgery(1)..... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Inpatient physician visits 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Office physician visits... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Diagnostic X-ray and laboratory............. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Extended care(2).......... 73 71 80 77 75 80 71 70 74 72 69 83 Home health care(2)....... 78 73 91 81 76 92 79 73 91 75 71 91 Hospice care.............. 56 61 44 60 65 49 54 61 37 56 59 44 Inpatient mental health... 97 98 94 97 99 94 97 98 94 97 98 92 Outpatient mental health.. 91 90 95 92 90 96 94 93 96 90 89 94 Inpatient alcohol detoxification(3)...... 98 97 100 99 99 99 98 97 100 98 97 100 Inpatient alcohol rehabilitation(4)...... 77 81 66 77 81 69 76 83 61 77 80 66 Outpatient alcohol rehabilitation(4)...... 81 81 80 82 81 83 81 84 77 80 80 80 Inpatient drug detoxification......... 97 97 98 98 98 99 96 96 96 97 96 100 Inpatient drug rehabitation........... 76 80 65 77 81 69 75 83 60 76 79 65 Outpatient drug rehabilitation......... 80 81 80 81 80 83 81 83 77 79 79 80 Hearing care(5)........... 33 12 87 39 14 89 35 10 88 28 13 85 Physical exam............. 56 40 98 63 45 99 57 38 96 50 37 99 Well-baby care............ 60 46 97 65 49 99 62 46 94 56 44 98 Immunization and inoculation............ 47 31 91 53 33 93 46 25 90 44 32 91 1 Charges incurred in the outpatient department of a hospital and outside the hospital. 2 Some plans provide this care only to a patient who was previously hospitalized and is recovering without need of the extensive care provided by a general hospital. 3 Detoxification is the systematic use of medication and other methods under medical supervision to reduce or eliminate the effects of substance abuse. 4 Rehabilitation is designed to alter abusive behavior in patients once they are free of acute physical and mental complications. 5 Plans provide, as a minimum, coverage for hearing examination expenses. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 43. Non-health maintenance organizations: Coverage for selected services, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Category of care and All techni- and sales and extent of coverage employees cal,and employees service related employees employees Percent Hospital room and board Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 6 6 7 5 Subject to separate limits only(1)....... 3 1 3 4 Subject to separate limits plus major medical.............. 22 27 21 20 Major medical only(2)... 69 65 69 70 Inpatient surgery Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 11 13 10 11 Subject to separate limits only(1)....... 1 (3) 1 2 Subject to separate limits plus major medical.............. 6 5 6 6 Major medical only(2)... 82 81 83 81 Outpatient surgery(4) Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 12 13 12 12 Subject to separate limits only(1)....... 2 1 2 3 Subject to separate limits plus major medical.............. 6 6 7 6 Major medical only(2)... 80 80 80 79 Inpatient physician visits Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 10 10 9 9 Subject to separate limits only(1)....... 1 1 (3) 2 Subject to separate limits plus major medical.............. 8 10 8 7 Major medical only(2)... 81 80 83 82 Office physician visits Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 2 1 1 3 Subject to separate limits only(1)....... 16 17 18 13 Subject to separate limits plus major medical.............. 16 21 18 13 Major medical only(2)... 66 61 62 71 Diagnostic x-ray and laboratory Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 13 14 13 12 Subject to separate limits only(1)....... 1 1 1 2 Subject to separate limits plus major medical.............. 9 10 7 10 Major medical only(2)... 77 76 79 76 1 Separate limits apply to individual categories of care; e.g., separate limits on benefits for hospitalization. Limits may be set in terms of dollar or day ceilings on benefits, a requirement that the participant pay a percentage of costs (coinsurance), or a requirement that the participant pay a specific amount (deductible or copayment) before reimbursement begins or services are rendered. 2 Major medical limits are expressed only in terms of total benefits payable under the plan, rather than for individual categories of care. Limits are set as deductibles, coinsurance percentages, and overall dollar limits on plan benefits. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. 4 Charges incurred in the outpatient department of a hospital and outside of the hospital. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 44. Non-health maintenance organizations: Coverage for alternatives to hospital care, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Category of care and All techni- and sales and extent of coverage employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Percent Extended care(1) Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 2 2 2 2 Subject to separate limits only(2)....... 9 10 9 9 Subject to separate limits plus major medical.............. 70 65 70 72 Major medical only(3)... 19 23 19 17 Home health care(1) Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 6 9 6 5 Subject to separate limits only(2)....... 9 9 7 8 Subject to separate limits plus major medical.............. 54 52 57 53 Major medical only(3)... 31 30 30 33 Hospice care Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 9 11 8 7 Subject to separate limits only(2)....... 7 9 5 8 Subject to separate limits plus major medical.............. 42 37 51 40 Major medical only(3)... 42 43 36 45 1 Some plans provide this care only to a patient who was previously hospitalized and is recovering without need of the extensive care provided by a general hospital. 2 Separate limits apply to individual categories of care; e.g., separate limits or benefits for extended care. Limits may be set in terms of dollar or day ceilings on benefits, a requirement that the participant pay a percentage of costs (coinsurance), or a requirement that the participant pay a specific amount (deductible or copayment) before reimbursement begins or services are rendered. 3 Major medical limits are expressed in terms of total benefits payable under the plan, rather than for individual categories of care. Limits are set as deductibles, coinsurance percentages, and overall dollar limits on plan benefits. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 45. Non-health maintenance organizations: Coverage for mental health and substance abuse treatment, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Category of care and All techni- and sales and extent of coverage employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Percent Inpatient mental health Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 2 2 2 3 Subject to separate limits only(1)....... 16 13 13 19 Subject to separate limits plus major medical.............. 66 66 73 63 Major medical only(2)... 15 19 12 15 Outpatient mental health Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 1 1 1 1 Subject to separate limits only(1)....... 19 17 15 21 Subject to separate limits plus major medical.............. 78 79 81 75 Major medical only(2)... 3 3 3 3 Inpatient alcohol detoxification(3) Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 3 3 3 3 Subject to separate limits only(1)....... 17 15 15 19 Subject to separate limits plus major medical.............. 65 66 71 63 Major medical only(2)... 15 16 12 15 Inpatient alcohol rehabilitation(4) Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 2 2 2 2 Subject to separate limits only(1)....... 21 21 18 22 Subject to separate limits plus major medical.............. 73 72 77 71 Major medical only(2)... 4 5 3 5 Outpatient alcohol rehabilitation(4) Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 1 2 1 1 Subject to separate limits only(1)....... 22 20 18 24 Subject to separate limits plus major medical.............. 75 76 78 72 Major medical only(2)... 3 2 3 3 Inpatient drug detoxification(3) Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 3 3 3 3 Subject to separate limits only(1)....... 17 15 14 19 Subject to separate limits plus major medical.............. 66 66 71 63 Major medical only(2)... 15 16 12 15 Inpatient drug rehabilitation(4) Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 2 2 2 2 Subject to separate limits only(1)....... 20 19 17 22 Subject to separate limits plus major medical.............. 73 73 77 71 Major medical only(2)... 5 5 4 4 Outpatient drug rehabilitation(4) Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 1 1 1 1 Subject to separate limits only(1)....... 21 20 18 24 Subject to separate limits plus major medical.............. 75 77 79 73 Major medical only(2)... 2 2 2 3 1 Separate limits apply to individual categories of care; e.g., separate limits or benefits for inpatient mental health. Limits may be set in terms of dollar or day ceilings on benefits, a requirement that the participant pay a percentage of costs (coinsurance), or a requirement that the participant pay a specific amount (deductible or copayment) before reimbursement begins or services are rendered. 2 Major medical limits are expressed only in terms of total benefits payable under the plan, rather than for individual categories of care. Limits are set as deductibles, coinsurance percentages, and overall dollar limits on plan benefits. 3 Detoxification is the systematic use of medication and other methods under medical supervision to reduce or eliminate the effects of substance abuse. 4 Rehabilitation is designed to alter abusive behavior in patients once they are free of acute physical and mental complications NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 46. Health maintenance organizations: Coverage for selected services, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Category of care and All techni- and sales and extent of coverage employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Percent Hospital room and board Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 77 81 78 73 Subject to limits(1).... 23 19 22 27 Inpatient surgery Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 92 92 94 91 Subject to limits(1).... 8 8 6 9 Outpatient surgery(2) Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 80 84 77 79 Subject to limits(1).... 20 16 23 21 Inpatient physician visits Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 94 94 96 94 Subject to limits(1).... 6 6 4 6 Office physician visits Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 13 13 14 11 Subject to limits(1).... 87 87 86 89 Diagnostic x-ray and laboratory services Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 94 95 95 93 Subject to limits(1).... 6 5 5 7 1 Limits may be set in terms of dollar or day ceilings on benefits, a requirement that the participant pay a percentage of costs (coinsurance), or a requirement that the participant pay a specific amount (deductible or copayment) before reimbursement begins or services are rendered. 2 Charges incurred in the outpatient department of a hospital and outside of the hospital NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 47. Health maintenance organizations: Coverage for alternatives to hospital care, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Category of care and All techni- and sales and extent of coverage employees cal, and service related employees employees employees Percent Extended care(1) Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 14 16 13 13 Subject to limits(2).... 86 84 87 87 Home health care(1) Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 76 78 78 73 Subject to limits(2).... 24 22 22 27 Hospice care Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 61 68 55 57 Subject to limits(2).... 39 32 45 43 1 Some plans provide this care only to a patient who was previously hospitalized and is recovering without need of the extensive care provided by a general hospital. 2 Limits may be set in terms of dollar or day ceilings on benefits, a requirement that the participant pay a percentage of cost (coinsurance), or a requirement that the participant pay a specific amount (deductible or copayment) before reimbursement begins or services are rendered. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 48. Health maintenance organizations: Coverage for mental health and substance abuse treatment, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Category of care and All techni- and sales and extent of coverage employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Percent Inpatient mental health Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 8 11 6 5 Subject to limits(1).... 92 89 94 95 Outpatient mental health Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 1 1 3 (2) Subject to limits(1).... 99 99 97 100 Inpatient alcohol detoxification(3) Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 35 38 39 29 Subject to limits(1).... 65 62 61 71 Inpatient alcohol rehabilitation(4) Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 10 11 10 8 Subject to limits(1).... 90 89 90 92 Outpatient alcohol rehabilitation(4) Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 5 5 7 2 Subject to limits(1).... 95 95 93 98 Inpatient drug detoxification(3) Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 36 38 40 29 Subject to limits(1).... 64 62 60 71 Inpatient drug rehabilitation(4) Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 9 11 9 7 Subject to limits(1).... 91 89 91 93 Outpatient drug rehabilitation(4) Total with coverage....... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 4 4 7 2 Subject to limits(1).... 96 96 93 98 1 Limits may be set in terms of dollar or day ceilings on benefits, a requirement that the participant pay a percentage of cost (coinsurance), or a requirement that the participant pay a specific amount (deductible or copayment) before reimbursement begins or services are rendered. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. 3 Detoxification is the systematic use of medication and other methods under medical supervision to reduce or eliminate the effects of substance abuse. 4 Rehabilitation is designed to alter abusive behavior in patients once they are free of acute physical and mental complications. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 49. Medical care benefits:(1) Fee arrangement and financial intermediary, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Fee arrangement All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employ- service related ees employees employees Number (in thousands) with medical care........... 25,546 7,467 6,158 11,921 Percent Total with medical care... 100 100 100 100 Traditional fee-for-service(2)... 37 29 30 45 Self insured(3)....... 26 20 20 33 With administrative services only contract(4)...... 15 13 11 19 Without administrative services only contract......... 11 7 9 14 Commercial insurance company............ 6 5 6 6 Blue Cross/Blue Shield 5 5 5 6 Combined financed(5).. (6) (6) (6) (6) Preferred provider organization(7)...... 34 36 36 33 Self insured(3)....... 21 24 25 18 With administrative services only contract(4)...... 14 15 19 11 Without administrative services only contract......... 7 9 6 7 Commercial insurance company............ 9 7 6 11 Blue Cross/Blue Shield 4 4 4 4 Combined financed(5).. (6) (6) (6) (6) Health maintenance organization(8)...... 27 33 32 21 Commercial insurance company............ 6 6 7 4 Blue Cross/Blue Shield 3 4 3 3 Independent organization(9).... 18 24 23 13 Combined financed(5).. (6) - (6) (6) Other(10)............... 1 1 2 1 1 Plans providing services or payments for services rendered in the hospital or by a physician. Excludes plans that provided only dental, vision, or prescription drug coverage. 2 These plans pay for specific medical procedures as expenses are incurred. 3 Includes plans that are financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, plans financed through contributions to a trust fund established to pay benefits, and plans operating their own facilities if at least partially financed by employer contributions. Includes plans that are administered by a commercial carrier through Administrative Services Only (ASO) contracts. 4 An arrangement where an establishment pays the cost of benefits, but hires another establishment to handle administrative services. 5 These are plans where the financing comes from two different kinds of financial intermediaries. For example, an establishment contracts with Blue Cross/Blue Shield to pay part of the benefits and a commercial company to pay the other benefits. 6 Less than 0.5 percent. 7 A preferred provider organization (PPO) is a group of hospitals and physicians that contracts to provide comprehensive medical services. To encourage use of organization members, the health care plan limits reimbursement rates when participants use nonmember services. 8 Includes federally qualified (those meeting standards of the Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973, as amended) and other HMO's delivering comprehensive health care on a prepayment rather than fee-for-service basis. 9 These organizations provide and finance all benefits, but are not affiliated with an insurance company or Blue Cross/Blue Shield. 10 Includes exclusive provider organizations, which are groups of hospitals and physicians that contract to provide comprehensive medical services. Participants are required to obtain services from members of the organization in order to receive plan benefits. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 50. Health maintenance organizations: Summary of selected features, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Feature All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) in HMO plans.............. 6,988 2,499 1,988 2,502 Percent Total in HMO plans........ 100 100 100 100 Model type: Group/staff(1)........ 31 32 26 34 Individual practice association(2)..... 43 45 44 42 Mixed model(3)........ 23 21 28 20 Not determinable...... 3 2 2 4 Point of service feature(4)........... 15 16 13 15 Federally qualified..... 65 66 69 61 Limit on copayments(5).. 29 27 24 33 Preventive dental care(6).............. 11 13 8 10 Vision screening or examinations......... 87 87 87 88 1 Care is provided at centralized locations. 2 Care is provided by doctors working out of their offices. 3 When an HMO uses a combination of models--group, staff, and individual association--it is referred to as a mixed model. 4 Enrollees may obtain care from non-HMO providers, with limited reimbursement. 5 In these plans, HMO's limit the dollar amount the individual pays after which coverage is in full. For example, there is a copayment limit of $1,000 after which the HMO covers all services at 100 percent. 6 Includes dental examinations and/or x-rays only. NOTE: Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 51. Non-health maintenance organizations: Amount of individual deductible,(1) full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 All employees Professional, technical, and Clerical and sales employees Blue-collar and service related employees employees Deductible(2) Pre- Pre- Pre- Pre- All Fee- ferred All Fee- ferred All Fee- ferred All Fee- ferred non-HMO for- pro- non-HMO for- pro- non-HMO for- pro- non-HMO for- pro- plans(3) service vider plans(3) service vider plans(3) service vider plans(3) service vider plans organi- plans organi- plans organi- plans organi- zations zations zations zations Number (in thousands) in non-HMO plans.......... 18,558 9,430 8,770 4,968 2,187 2,676 4,170 1,858 2,218 9,419 5,385 3,876 Percent Total in non-HMO plans.... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Deductible specified.... 77 91 63 74 92 61 73 91 60 80 91 67 Deductible on an annual basis(4).... 76 91 63 73 92 60 73 91 60 80 91 67 Based on earnings(5) 8 10 6 8 12 6 7 10 4 9 10 9 Flat dollar amount.. 68 81 57 65 80 55 66 81 56 70 80 59 Less than $100.... 2 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 $100.............. 17 20 14 12 15 10 14 18 11 20 23 18 $101 - $149....... (6) (6) (6) (6) 1 - (6) - (6) (6) (6) - $150.............. 9 11 7 9 11 7 7 6 7 10 12 6 $151 - $199....... (6) (6) 1 (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) 1 1 (6) 1 $200.............. 18 19 17 17 19 16 18 20 16 18 19 17 $201 - $249....... (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) - (6) (6) 1 (6) (6) (6) $250.............. 8 11 5 9 14 4 10 15 7 6 9 4 $251 - $299....... (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) - $300.............. 5 5 6 6 6 6 5 6 4 5 4 7 Over $300......... 9 12 6 10 13 7 11 15 8 7 10 4 Other................. (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) 1 (6) (6) - (6) 1 - No deductible........... 23 8 36 26 7 39 26 7 40 20 9 33 Not determinable........ (6) 1 (6) (6) (6) (6) 1 1 1 (6) (6) (6) Average(7) Average annual deductible. $247 $264 $222 $264 $285 $239 $273 $295 $247 $229 $245 $199 1 The deductible is the amount of covered expenses that an individual must pay before any charges are paid by the medical care plan. Deductibles that apply separately to a specific category of expense, such as a deductible for each hospital admission, were excluded from this tabulation. 2 Amount of deductible described is for each insured person. However, many plans contain a maximum family deductible. In some plans, the individual and the family deductibles are identical. If the deductible applied only to dependents' coverage, it was not tabulated. 3 These plans include fee-for-service, preferred provider organizations, and exclusive provider organizations. 4 Deductibles are calculated on an annual basis, with the enrollee responsible for satisfying a new deductible requirement each plan year. 5 These plans have deductibles that vary by the amount of the participant's earnings. A typical provision is 1 percent of annual earnings with a maximum deductible of $150. 6 Less than 0.5 percent. 7 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 52. Non-health maintenance organizations: Relationship of individual and family deductibles,(1) full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 All employees Professional, technical, and Clerical and sales employees Blue-collar and service related employees employees Relationship of individual and family Pre- Pre- Pre- Pre- deductibles All Fee- ferred All Fee- ferred All Fee- ferred All Fee- ferred non-HMO for- pro- non-HMO for- pro- non-HMO for- pro- non-HMO for- pro- plans(2) service vider plans(2) service vider plans(2) service vider plans(2) service vider plans organi- plans organi- plans organi- plans organi- zations zations zations zations Number (in thousands) in non-HMO plans.......... 18,558 9,430 8,770 4,968 2,187 2,676 4,170 1,858 2,218 9,419 5,385 3,876 Percent Total with non-HMO plans.. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Individual and family deductibles specified 61 70 53 60 72 53 60 72 51 62 68 55 Family deductible is multiple of individual deductible(3)...... 52 62 43 53 63 46 50 64 39 53 61 43 1 times............. (4) 1 (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) 1 1 (4) 1.1 to 1.9 times.... (4) (4) (4) 1 1 1 (4) 1 (4) (4) (4) (4) 2 times............. 22 27 18 24 29 21 21 28 16 22 26 17 2.1 to 2.4 times.... 1 2 - 1 2 - 2 3 - 1 1 - 2.5 times........... 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 4 2.6 to 2.9 times.... 1 1 1 1 1 1 (4) (4) 1 1 2 (4) 3 times............. 24 27 21 23 26 21 24 28 20 24 27 22 Greater than 3 times 1 1 - (4) (4) - (4) 1 - 1 2 - Specified number of individual deductibles must be met to satisfy family deductible(5)...... 9 8 10 8 9 6 10 8 12 9 7 12 Less than 3 individual deductibles...... 4 4 4 3 4 2 4 4 5 4 3 5 3 individual deductibles...... 5 4 6 5 6 4 6 4 8 5 3 7 More than 3 individual deductibles...... (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) - (4) (4) (4) (4) No individual and/or family deductible.... 39 30 46 39 28 47 39 26 48 38 32 45 Not determinable........ (4) 1 (4) (4) (4) (4) 1 1 1 (4) (4) (4) 1 Deductibles are calculated on an annual basis with the enrollee responsible for satisfying a new deductible requirement each plan year. 2 These plans include fee-for-service, preferred provider organizations, and exclusive provider organizations. 3 For example, the individual deductible requirement is $100 while the family deductible requirement is $300. 4 Less than 0.5 percent. 5 For example, the individual requirement is $100 and three individual deductibles must be met to satisfy the family requirement. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 53. Non-health maintenance organizations: Coinsurance rates, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 All employees Professional, technical, and Clerical and sales employees Blue-collar and service related employees employees Coinsurance Pre- Pre- Pre- Pre- All Fee- ferred All Fee- ferred All Fee- ferred All Fee- ferred non- for- pro- non- for- pro- non- for- pro- non- for- pro- HMO service vider HMO service vider HMO service vider HMO service vider plans(1) plans organi- plans(1) plans organi- plans(1) plans organi- plans(1) plans organi- zations zations zations zations Number (in thousands) in non-HMO plans.......... 18,558 9,430 8,770 4,968 2,187 2,676 4,170 1,858 2,218 9,419 5,385 3,876 Percent Total with non-HMO plans.. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 With coinsurance(2)..... 84 95 75 80 95 69 85 96 79 85 94 76 Coinsurance rate(3) 80 percent.......... 60 82 38 54 81 35 55 81 35 65 83 43 85 percent.......... 4 4 4 3 4 2 5 5 6 4 4 5 90 percent.......... 16 4 30 19 6 31 21 5 36 13 3 27 Other percent....... 3 5 2 3 5 2 4 5 2 3 4 1 Varies(4)........... (5) (5) - - - - (5) 1 - (5) (5) - Without coinsurance(6).. 16 5 25 20 5 31 15 4 21 15 6 24 1 These plans include fee-for-service, preferred provider organizations, and exclusive provider organizations. 2 Represents the initial coinsurance in plans that have 100 percent coverage after the individual pays a specified dollar amount toward expenses. For example, the plan pays 80 percent until the individual's out-of- pocket expenses reach $1,000, and then coverage is at 100 percent. 3 A few plans have more than one coinsurance rate. In those cases, the coinsurance rate shown is that which applies to the majority of benefits under the plan. 4 The overall coinsurance rate varies by specified dollar amount of expenses. For example, 80 percent coverage up to $5,000 and 90 percent thereafter. 5 Less than 0.5 percent. 6 Includes plans with overall benefit limitations, such as maximum dollar amounts and deductibles, where the coinsurance rate is 100 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 54. Non-health maintenance organizations: Maximum out-of-pocket expense provisions, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 All employees Professional, technical, and Clerical and sales employees Blue-collar and service related employees employees Item Pre- Pre- Pre- Pre- All Fee- ferred All Fee- ferred All Fee- ferred All Fee- ferred non-HMO for- pro- non-HMO for- pro- non-HMO for- pro- non-HMO for- pro- plans(1) service vider plans(1) service vider plans(1) service vider plans(1) service vider plans organi- plans organi- plans organi- plans organi- zations zations zations zations Number (in thousands) with non-HMO plans.......... 18,558 9,430 8,770 4,968 2,187 2,676 4,170 1,858 2,218 9,419 5,385 3,876 Percent Total with non-HMO plans.. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 With limit on out-of-pocket expense 83 88 79 81 90 74 85 90 81 83 86 80 With an annual dollar maximum on out-of-pocket expense(2)......... 71 77 66 71 80 64 71 79 65 72 75 69 Per individual: $1 - $299......... 1 1 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 $300.............. 1 (3) 1 (3) 1 (3) 1 1 1 1 (3) 2 $301 - $399....... (3) - (3) (3) - (3) (3) - (3) (3) - (3) $400.............. 4 4 3 3 4 2 3 4 3 4 4 4 $401 - $499....... (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) - (3) (3) (3) (3) $500.............. 6 5 7 6 5 6 6 5 8 6 6 6 $501 - $749....... 3 5 2 2 3 2 4 7 1 4 6 2 $750 - $999....... 6 5 7 8 9 8 6 4 8 4 4 5 $1,000............ 18 15 21 16 16 16 16 16 17 19 13 27 $1,001 - $1,499... 7 9 6 7 9 6 9 12 7 6 7 5 $1,500 - $1,999... 11 15 8 11 14 8 9 10 8 13 17 7 $2,000............ 8 8 7 7 5 8 8 9 7 8 9 6 $2,000 or greater. 7 9 5 8 13 5 8 11 5 6 7 5 Per family: $1 - $499......... 1 1 - (3) 1 - (3) 1 - 1 1 - $500 - $749....... 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 4 1 1 1 1 $750 - $999....... 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 3 (3) 1 1 1 $1,000............ 4 3 4 3 2 4 4 3 5 4 3 5 $1,001 - $1,249... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 $1,250 - $1,499... (3) 1 (3) (3) 1 (3) 1 1 (3) (3) (3) (3) $1,500............ 2 3 1 3 4 2 1 2 1 2 3 1 $1,501 - $1,999... 2 2 3 3 2 4 3 2 4 2 1 2 $2,000............ 6 5 7 8 7 8 6 5 6 6 4 7 $2,001 - $2,999... 7 8 6 9 8 11 7 11 3 6 7 4 $3,000............ 11 11 10 8 9 7 7 6 7 14 14 14 $3,001 or greater. 12 13 10 13 16 10 13 16 10 11 12 9 No family maximum. 15 17 13 13 19 9 15 16 15 16 17 15 Family maximum cannot be computed(4).... 8 8 8 6 6 5 10 8 12 8 8 8 Annual maximum on out-of-pocket expense based on earnings........... 9 8 10 8 8 8 11 8 15 8 7 9 Annual maximum on out-of-pocket expense varies by coinsurance rate(5) 3 4 2 2 3 1 2 4 1 3 4 2 Other................. (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) - No out-of-pocket expense required(6).......... 6 3 9 5 2 8 5 2 8 7 5 11 No limit on out-of-pocket expense 11 9 11 14 8 17 9 8 9 10 9 9 Not determinable........ (3) (3) 1 (3) (3) 1 1 (3) 2 (3) (3) (3) Average(7) Average annual dollar maximum on individual out-of-pocket expense.. $1,358 $1,450 $1,229 $1,419 $1,542 $1,293 $1,354 $1,439 $1,247 $1,328 $1,414 $1,179 Average annual dollar maximum on family out-of-pocket expense.. 2,858 2,923 2,738 2,894 3,135 2,654 2,948 2,980 2,878 2,801 2,807 2,736 1 These plans include fee-for-service, preferred provider organizations, and exclusive provider organizations. 2 Deductible amounts were excluded from computation of the out-of-pocket dollar limits. With rare exceptions, an out-of-pocket limit was specified on an annual basis. Few workers were in plans where the expense limit applied to a disability or a period other than a year. Charges for certain services, such as mental health care, may not be counted toward the out-of- pocket maximum. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. 4 These are plans where a family maximum is stated in such a way that it cannot be computed. For example, the individual out-of-pocket expense is limited to $1,000 per year and the family out-of-pocket expense is limited to three individuals. The family out-of-pocket expense cannot be computed because each of the three individuals must separately reach an out-of- pocket limit of $1,000. Thus, if two individuals each reach $1,000 in their out-of-pocket expenses, and two other family members reach $900 and $800 respectively in out-of-pocket expenses, the family out-of-pocket limit would not have been met. A family dollar maximum cannot be computed in this example. 5 Some plans reimburse medical expenses at more than one coinsurance rate. They impose a limit on out-of-pocket expenses by specifying a maximum on covered medical expenses beyond which all expenses are paid at 100 percent. 6 All covered expenses are paid at 100 percent. 7 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 55. Non-health maintenance organizations: Maximum benefit provisions, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Maximum(1) All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with non-HMO plans.......... 18,558 4,968 4,170 9,419 Percent Total with non-HMO plans.. 100 100 100 100 With maximum limits..... 72 68 68 76 Lifetime maximum only. 70 68 67 72 Less than $250,000.. 2 (2) 1 3 $250,000............ 4 1 3 6 $250,001 - $499,999. 1 1 (2) 1 $500,000............ 6 5 5 7 $500,001 - $999,999. 1 (2) 1 2 $1,000,000.......... 47 48 50 45 More than $1,000,000 9 13 7 8 Annual or disability maximum only....... (2) (2) 1 (2) Both lifetime and annual or disability maximums 1 1 (2) 2 Other maximum......... (2) - - (2) Without maximum limits.. 27 31 31 24 Not determinable........ 1 1 1 (2) Average(3) Average lifetime maximum.. 1026396 1174864 1040008 $949,870 1 Maximum described is for each insured person. Where the maximum differed for employees and dependents, the employee maximum was tabulated. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. 3 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 56. Medical care benefits: Average major medical provisions, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- sional, Clerical Blue- Average(1) All technical, and sales collar and employees and employees service related employees employees Annual deductible(2) Individual.............. $247 $264 $273 $229 Family.................. 618 635 709 572 Annual out-of-pocket expense maximum(3) Individual.............. 1,358 1,419 1,354 1,328 Family.................. 2,858 2,894 2,948 2,801 Lifetime maximum(4)....... 1,026,396 1,174,864 1,040,008 949,870 1 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. 2 The deductible is the amount of covered expenses that an individual or family must pay before any charges are paid by the medical care plan. Deductibles that apply separately to a specific category of expense, such as a deductible for each hospital admission, were excluded from this tabulation. 3 The out-of-pocket expense maximum is the amount an individual or family must pay before the plan will pay 100 percent of additional charges. Deductible amounts were excluded from computation of the out-of-pocket dollar limits. Usually, out-of-pocket limits were specified on an annual basis. Charges for certain services, such as mental health care, may not be counted toward the out-of-pocket maximum. 4 The maximum is the total amount of expenses that the plan will pay. Maximum described is for each insured person. Where the maximum differed for employees and dependents, the employee maximum was tabulated. Table 57. Preferred provider organizations:(1) Summary of selected features, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Item All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) in PPO plans.............. 8,770 2,676 2,218 3,876 Percent Total with PPO plans...... 100 100 100 100 Services subject to PPO incentive: Hospital room and board.............. 94 96 97 91 Surgery............... 92 90 94 92 Physician's in-hospital visits. 92 90 93 92 Office visits......... 83 83 87 80 Outpatient prescription drugs. 39 38 41 39 Type of PPO incentives:(2) Coinsurance rate differs............ 92 94 88 93 Lower annual deductible......... 49 46 51 49 Higher lifetime maximum benefit limit.............. 8 8 9 9 Lower catastrophic maximum limit...... 54 54 52 55 Lower hospital deductible......... 18 21 16 17 Office visits copayment.......... 40 45 44 35 Outpatient prescription drugs copayment.......... 20 22 22 19 Discounted for PPO(3)... 7 5 11 6 Not determinable........ 1 1 1 2 1 A preferred provider organization (PPO) is a group of hospitals and physicians that contract to provide comprehensive medical services. To encourage use of organization members, the health care plan limits reimbursement rates when participants use nonmember services. 2 Sum of individual items is greater than the total because many plan participants were in plans with more than one incentive. 3 The amount of total expenses incurred by the individual is discounted under the PPO. For example, under the non-PPO, total expenses are $10,000; under the PPO, total expenses are discounted by 10 percent. NOTE: Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 58. Preferred provider organizations:(1) Coinsurance rate comparison with traditional fee-for-service plans, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Item All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) in PPO plans.............. 8,770 2,676 2,218 3,876 Percent Total with PPO plans...... 100 100 100 100 Overall coinsurance rate differs based on PPO(2)............... 92 94 88 93 100 vs 80............. 17 15 13 22 90 vs 80.............. 9 8 13 8 100 vs 70............. 8 12 7 6 90 vs 70.............. 22 18 22 25 80 vs 70.............. 8 8 6 8 80 vs 60.............. 8 10 8 6 Other coinsurance rate 20 23 19 17 Overall coinsurance rate does not differ based on PPO............... 7 5 12 5 Not determinable........ 1 1 1 2 1 A preferred provider organization (PPO) is a group of hospitals and physicians that contract to provide comprehensive medical services. To encourage use of organization members, the health care plan limits reimbursement rates when participants use nonmember services. 2 The first figure is the percentage of covered expenses paid by the plan when a preferred provider is used; the second figure is the percentage of expenses paid by the plan when a non-preferred provider is used. NOTE: Because of rounding sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 59. Medical care benefits: Availability of managed care benefits, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Managed care plan All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with medical care........... 25,546 7,467 6,158 11,921 Percent Total with medical care... 100 100 100 100 With managed care benefits............. 91 92 92 90 Traditional fee-for-service with managed care features(1)........ 28 21 22 35 Preferred provider organization(2).... 34 36 36 33 Exclusive provider organization(3).... 1 1 2 1 Prepaid health maintenance organization(4).... 27 33 32 21 Without managed care.... 9 8 8 10 1 Fee-for-service plans with preadmission certification or mandatory second surgical opinion features. 2 A preferred provider organization (PPO) is a group of hospitals and physicians that contract to provide comprehensive medical services. To encourage use of organization members, the health care plan limits reimbursement rates when participants use nonmember services. 3 An exclusive provider organization is a group of hospitals and physicians that contract to provide comprehensive medical services. Participants are required to obtain services from members of the organization to receive plan benefits. 4 A health maintenance organization provides a prescribed set of benefits to enrollees for a fixed payment. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 60. Non-health maintenance organizations: Availability of selected cost containment features, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Cost containment feature All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) in non-HMO plans.......... 18,558 4,968 4,170 9,419 Percent Total with non-HMO plans.. 100 100 100 100 With cost containment features............. 77 74 75 79 Preadmission certification requirement........ 65 64 64 67 Utilization or concurrent review.. 38 35 39 39 Preadmission testing.. 42 40 37 45 Nonemergency weekend admission restriction........ 10 10 9 10 Hospital audit program 7 7 8 6 Other feature......... (1) (1) - (1) 1 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Sum of individual items may be greater than the total because many participants were in plans with more than one type of cost containment feature. Table 61. Non-health maintenance organizations: Prehospitalization certification requirements, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Managed care plan All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with preadmission certification.......... 12,119 3,165 2,690 6,264 Percent Total with preadmission certification.......... 100 100 100 100 Plan does not impose penalty.............. 4 6 5 2 Plan does impose penalty 96 94 95 98 No benefit............ 4 4 4 5 Deductible on hospital admission.......... 34 32 39 33 Less than $100...... 1 - (1) 1 $100 - $199......... 5 5 6 4 $200 - $299......... 12 7 15 13 $300 - $399......... 6 10 5 4 $400 - $499......... 2 3 1 2 $500 or greater..... 9 7 12 9 Reduced coinsurance paid by plan....... 19 18 14 21 40 percent.......... (1) - (1) (1) 50 percent.......... 11 13 6 12 60 percent.......... 2 2 2 1 80 percent.......... 1 1 2 1 Other percent....... 5 3 5 6 Reduced coinsurance by 11 13 9 11 20 percent.......... 4 6 4 3 25 percent.......... 1 1 1 1 50 percent.......... 5 6 4 5 Other percent....... 1 1 1 2 Reduced coinsurance paid by plan up to maximum deductible on hospital admission.......... 7 6 5 8 Reduced coinsurance and separate deductible per admission.......... 2 2 1 2 Other................. 4 3 4 5 Penalty not determinable....... 14 15 18 12 1 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 62. Non-health maintenance organizations: Second surgical opinion provisions, full-time employees, medium and large establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Second surgical opinion All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) in non-HMO plans.......... 18,558 4,968 4,170 9,419 Percent Total with non-HMO plans.. 100 100 100 100 With second surgical opinion program...... 53 55 51 54 With no penalties for non-compliance..... 31 33 31 30 With penalties for non-compliance..... 22 21 20 23 Coinsurance reduced to: 60 percent........ 1 1 2 1 50 percent........ 9 10 8 9 40 percent........ 1 2 1 1 Other............. 4 3 4 4 Lower schedule of payments....... (1) (1) (1) (1) No coverage......... (1) (1) (1) (1) Deductible imposed.. 3 3 2 4 Other penalties..... (1) (1) (1) 1 Penalty not determinable..... 2 1 2 3 No second surgical opinion program(2)... 47 45 49 46 1 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 Includes plans in which documentation does not detail a second surgical opinion program. By definition, managed care plans, such as preferred provider organizations integrate second surgical opinion programs as part of their structure. These managed care plans are quite often responsible for initiating the second surgical opinion program. When this occurs, that program was not tabulated. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 63. Non-health maintenance organizations: Extent of coverage for hospital room and board, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Extent of coverage All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) in non-HMO plans with hospital room and board coverage............... 18,558 4,968 4,170 9,419 Percent Total in non-HMO plans with hospital room and board coverage......... 100 100 100 100 First dollar coverage only(1)................ 9 8 10 9 First dollar coverage then major medical.......... 22 27 21 20 Major medical only(2)..... 69 65 69 70 1 Includes plans in which all expenses were reimbursed for the full semiprivate room rate, for a specified dollar amount, or for a limited or unlimited number of days. 2 Major medical limits are expressed only in terms of total benefits payable under the plan rather than for individual categories of care. Limits are set as deductibles, coinsurance percentages, and overall dollar limits on plan benefits. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 64. Non-health maintenance organizations: Types of limitations on hospital room and board coverage, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Type of coverage All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) in non-HMO plans with hospital room and board coverage............... 18,558 4,968 4,170 9,419 Percent Total in non-HMO plans with hospital room and board coverage......... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 6 6 7 5 Subject to limits other than major medical... 26 29 24 25 Separate copayment.... 10 14 12 8 Separate coinsurance.. 3 5 2 3 Limits on days........ 13 13 11 15 Per confinement..... 13 13 10 13 Per year............ 1 (1) 1 1 Limit on dollars...... 3 1 1 4 Other................. (1) 1 (1) (1) Major medical limits only(2).............. 69 65 69 70 1 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 Major medical limits are expressed only in terms of total benefits payable under the plan rather than for individual categories of care. Limits are set as deductibles, coinsurance percentages, and overall dollar limits on plan benefits. NOTE: Sum of individual items may be greater than the total because some participants were in plans with more than one type of limit. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 65. Hospital room and board coverage: Copayment provisions,(1) by type of plan, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 All employees Professional, technical, and Clerical and sales employees Blue-collar and service related employees employees Non-HMO plans Non-HMO plans Non-HMO plans Non-HMO plans Type of copayment provision HMO Pre- HMO Pre- HMO Pre- HMO Pre- plans(2) Fee- ferred plans(2) Fee- ferred plans(2) Fee- ferred plans(2) Fee- ferred for- pro- for- pro- for- pro- for- pro- service vider service vider service vider service vider plans(3) organi- plans(3) organi- plans(3) organi- plans(3) organi- zation(4) zation(4) zation(4) zation(4) Number (in thousands) with separate copayment..... 1,200 534 1,220 318 174 466 365 128 336 518 232 417 Percent Total with separate copayment.............. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Per confinement......... 83 84 79 85 85 71 90 83 87 76 83 80 $100.................. 18 30 28 22 19 28 10 19 38 21 43 21 $200.................. 24 18 17 18 13 18 42 17 17 15 23 15 $250.................. 13 2 4 13 3 (5) 11 2 7 14 (5) 6 $300.................. 1 25 11 1 37 10 1 36 4 2 10 18 $400.................. 1 3 - (5) 2 - 1 - - 1 5 - $500.................. 8 - - 3 - - 9 - - 9 - - Greater than $500..... 2 2 - 2 (5) - 4 7 - 1 (5) - Other................. 16 4 18 26 10 15 10 2 21 13 1 20 Limited to maximum amount per year(6)... 10 2 8 9 3 11 6 1 2 13 1 10 Copayment per year...... 2 6 4 1 5 2 2 10 4 2 5 6 Copayment per day....... 17 9 21 16 14 31 10 6 17 24 6 14 Copayment limited to a specified number of days................. - 6 (5) - 5 (5) - 3 (5) - 10 - 1 A copayment is the amount of covered expenses that an individual must pay before any charges are paid by the medical care plan. 2 Includes federally qualified (those meeting standards of the Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973, as amended) and other HMO's delivering comprehensive health care on a prepayment rather than fee-for-service basis. 3 These plans pay for specific medical procedures as expenses are incurred. 4 A preferred provider organization (PPO) is a group of hospitals and physicians that contracts to provide comprehensive medical services. To encourage use of organization members, the health care plan limits reimbursement rates when participants use nonmember services. 5 Less than 0.5 percent. 6 These are plans where a limit is placed on the maximum copayment an individual is responsible for during the year. For example, an individual is subject to a copayment of $100 per confinement with a limit of $300 per year. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 66. Non-health maintenance organizations: Extent of coverage for extended care facilities, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Extent of coverage All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) in non-HMO plans with extended care benefits. 13,116 3,716 2,917 6,483 Percent Total in non-HMO plans with extended care benefits............... 100 100 100 100 First dollar coverage only(1).............. 11 12 11 11 First dollar coverage then major medical... 70 65 70 72 Major medical only(2)... 19 23 19 17 1 Includes plans in which all expenses were reimbursed for the full semiprivate room rate, for a specified dollar amount, or for a limited or unlimited number of days. 2 Major medical limits are expressed only in terms of total benefits payable under the plan, rather than for individual categories of care. Limits are set as deductibles, coinsurance percentages, and overall dollar limits on plan benefits. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 67. Non-health maintenance organizations: Types of limitations on extended care facilities, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Type of coverage All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) in non-HMO plans with extended care benefits. 13,116 3,716 2,917 6,483 Percent Total in non-HMO plans with extended care benefits............... 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 2 2 2 2 Subject to limits other than major medical... 79 75 79 81 Limit on days......... 71 66 72 74 Limit on dollars...... 3 4 3 2 Separate coinsurance.. 6 8 6 5 Limited to maximum percentage rate of prior hospital confinement........ 15 11 17 15 Other limits.......... 4 6 4 2 Limits not determinable....... 1 1 (1) 1 Major medical limits only(2).............. 19 23 19 17 1 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 Major medical limits are expressed only in terms of total benefits payable under the plan, rather than for individual categories of care. Limits are set as deductibles, coinsurance percentages, and overall dollar limits on plan benefits. NOTE: Sum of individual items may be greater than the total because some participants were in plans with more than one type of limit. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 68. Non-health maintenance organizations: Limitations on days of extended care facility coverage, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Day limits All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) in non-HMO plans with day limits on extended care 8,822 2,270 2,012 4,540 Percent Total in non-HMO plans with day limits on extended care.......... 100 100 100 100 First dollar coverage(1) for a limited number of days per confinement.......... 11 9 7 14 30 days............... (2) 1 (2) (2) 60 days............... 3 1 2 4 90 days............... (2) (2) (2) (2) 120 days.............. 1 2 2 1 180 days.............. (2) (2) (2) (2) Other................. 6 4 3 9 Major medical coverage(3) for a limited number of days per confinement. 41 45 41 38 30 days............... 1 1 (2) 1 60 days............... 13 14 14 12 90 days............... 3 7 2 2 100 days.............. 5 7 6 3 120 days.............. 10 10 13 9 180 days.............. 2 5 1 2 Other................. 6 2 5 10 First dollar coverage(1) for a limited number of days per year..... 5 6 6 5 60 days............... 1 2 1 1 100 days.............. 3 2 4 3 120 days.............. 1 1 1 1 180 days.............. (2) (2) (2) (2) Other................. (2) (2) (2) (2) Major medical coverage(3) for a limited number of days per year........ 43 40 46 43 60 days............... 17 12 13 21 90 days............... 2 2 4 2 100 days.............. 7 8 6 8 120 days.............. 11 12 17 9 180 days.............. (2) (2) (2) (2) Other................. 5 7 6 4 First dollar coverage(1) for a limited number of days per lifetime. (2) 1 (2) (2) Major medical coverage(3) for a limited number of days per lifetime.... 2 3 3 2 Days not determinable... (2) 1 (2) (2) 1 Includes plans in which all expenses were reimbursed for the full semiprivate room rate, for a specified dollar amount, or for a limited or unlimited number of days. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. 3 Major medical limits are expressed only in terms of total benefits payable under the plan, rather than for individual categories of care. Limits are set as deductibles, coinsurance percentages, and overall dollar limits on plan benefits. NOTE: Sum of individual items may be greater than the total because some participants were in plans with more than one type of day limit. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 69. Health maintenance organizations: Extent of coverage for extended care facilities, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Type of coverage All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) in HMO plans with extended care benefits.......... 5,563 2,002 1,481 2,080 Percent Total in HMO plans with extended care benefits. 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 14 16 13 13 Day limit............... 81 81 77 84 Per year.............. 60 60 58 60 30 days............. 4 3 3 5 60 days............. 7 6 7 8 90 days............. 2 2 2 3 100 days............ 35 41 39 26 Other............... 12 8 8 19 Per confinement....... 20 20 19 21 30 days............. 1 1 (1) (1) 60 days............. 4 5 3 3 90 days............. (1) (1) (1) 1 100 days............ 10 12 10 9 Other............... 6 3 5 9 Per lifetime.......... 1 1 1 1 Not determinable...... 1 (1) 1 2 Other limits (only)..... 5 2 10 3 1 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 70. Non-health maintenance organizations: Extent of coverage for surgical services, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Type of surgery and All techni- and sales and extent of coverage employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) in non-HMO plans with inpatient surgery...... 18,558 4,968 4,170 9,419 Number (in thousands) in non-HMO plans with outpatient surgery..... 18,558 4,968 4,170 9,419 Percent Inpatient surgery Total in non-HMO plans with inpatient surgery.............. 100 100 100 100 Covered in full....... 11 13 10 11 Subject to limits other than major medical............ 7 6 7 8 Dollar limit........ 3 1 2 4 Separate coinsurance 3 4 3 3 Separate deductible. 1 1 2 1 Other limit......... (1) (1) (1) (1) Major medical limits only(2)............ 82 81 83 81 Outpatient surgery(3) Total in non-HMO plans with outpatient surgery.............. 100 100 100 100 Covered in full....... 12 13 12 12 Subject to limits other than major medical............ 8 6 8 9 Dollar limit........ 3 1 2 4 Separate coinsurance 2 2 2 2 Separate deductible. 1 1 1 1 Other limit......... 2 3 3 2 Major medical limits only(2)............ 80 80 80 79 1 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 Major medical limits are expressed only in terms of total benefits payable under the plan, rather than for individual categories of care. Limits are set as deductibles, coinsurance percentages, and overall dollar limits on plan benefits. 3 Charges incurred in the outpatient department of a hospital and outside of the hospital. NOTE: Sum of individual items may be greater than the total because some participants were in plans with more than one type of limit. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 71. Health maintenance organizations: Extent of coverage for physicians' office visits, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Item All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) in HMO plans with physicians' office visits coverage........ 6,988 2,499 1,988 2,502 Percent Total in HMO plans with physicians' office visits coverage........ 100 100 100 100 Covered in full......... 13 13 14 11 Subject to a copayment.. 86 86 85 87 $1 per visit.......... (1) - (1) - $2 per visit.......... 1 1 2 1 $3 per visit.......... 1 1 2 1 $4 per visit.......... (1) (1) 1 - $5 per visit.......... 34 33 34 35 $6 - 9 per visit..... (1) (1) 1 (1) $10 per visit......... 42 43 39 43 More than $10 per visit.............. 6 6 7 6 Unspecified copayment. 1 1 1 2 Subject to other limits only................. 1 1 1 1 1 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 72. Outpatient prescription drug benefits: Summary of coverage, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Provision All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number of employees (in thousands) with outpatient prescription drug coverage.......... 24,770 7,199 6,020 11,551 Percent Total with outpatient prescription drug coverage............ 100 100 100 100 Coverage for brand name drugs.................. 99 99 99 99 Higher reimbursement for generic drugs.......... 41 43 43 38 Coverage for mail order drugs(1)............... 32 33 33 32 Higher reimbursement for prescriptions filled at selected pharmacies.... 27 30 26 26 1 Programs that provide drugs for maintenance purposes, that is, drugs required on a continuous basis. NOTE: Sum of individual items may be greater than the total because some participants were in plans with more than one type of coverage. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 73. Outpatient prescription drug benefits: Brand name drug provisions in non-health maintenance organization plans, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Type of coverage All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number of employees (in thousands) in non-HMO plans with outpatient brand name drug coverage............... 17,495 4,699 3,925 8,871 Percent Total in non-HMO plans with outpatient brand name drug coverage............ 100 100 100 100 Covered in full........... (1) (1) 1 1 Subject to the major medical limits of plan. 58 58 53 61 Subject to copayment per prescription........... 45 46 48 44 Less than $5.00......... 5 5 4 5 $5.00................... 11 10 11 12 $5.01-$6.99............. 2 3 1 1 $7.00................... 2 1 3 2 $7.01-$9.99............. 7 5 10 6 $10.00.................. 12 13 15 11 Greater than $10.00..... 4 6 4 4 Unspecified copayment... 2 2 1 2 Subject to a separate yearly deductible...... 6 4 8 6 Subject to a separate coinsurance rate....... 8 11 8 7 Subject to a separate yearly maximum......... 1 (1) 1 2 Difference in cost between generic and brand name drugs(2)............... 4 6 5 3 Other..................... 1 2 3 1 1 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 These are plans where the individual participant is required to use a generic equivalent when available; if a generic equivalent is not chosen, the individual must pay the difference in total cost between the brand name and generic drug plus the cost to the individual. For example, if an individual is subject to a $5 copayment for generic drugs and the brand name equivalent is purchased, the individual must pay the difference in total cost between the brand name and generic drug, plus the $5 copayment. NOTE: Sum of individual items may be greater than the total because some participants were in plans with more than one type of coverage. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 74. Outpatient prescription drug benefits: Brand name drug provisions in health maintenance organization plans, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Type of coverage All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number of employees (in thousands) in HMO plans with outpatient brand name drug coverage..... 6,508 2,319 1,884 2,304 Percent Total in HMO plans with outpatient brand name drug coverage.. 100 100 100 100 Covered in full........... 3 3 2 4 Subject to copayment per prescription........... 89 90 88 89 Less than $5.00......... 9 12 10 7 $5.00................... 40 38 42 41 $5.01-$6.99............. 2 2 2 2 $7.00................... 5 5 2 7 $7.01-$9.99............. 6 5 6 6 $10.00.................. 17 19 18 15 Greater than $10.00..... 6 9 3 5 Unspecified copayment... 4 3 3 6 Subject to a separate yearly deductible...... 2 1 2 4 Subject to a separate yearly maximum......... 3 3 2 3 Difference in cost between generic and brand name drugs(1)............... 5 4 7 3 Other..................... 4 5 4 4 1 These are plans where the individual participant is required to use a generic equivalent when available; if a generic equivalent is not chosen, the individual must pay the difference in total cost between the brand name and generic drug plus the cost to the individual. For example, if an individual is subject to a $5 copayment for generic drugs and the brand name equivalent is purchased, the individual must pay the difference in total cost between the brand name and generic drug, plus the $5 copayment. NOTE: Sum of individual items may be greater than the total because some participants were in plans with more than one type of coverage. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 75. Mental health care benefits: Relationship to other coverage,(1) full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Type of coverage All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Percent Inpatient(2) Total covered.......... 100 100 100 100 Covered the same.......... 18 22 12 17 Covered differently....... 82 78 88 83 Outpatient(3) Total covered.......... 100 100 100 100 Covered the same.......... 2 3 3 2 Covered differently....... 98 97 97 98 1 Relationship to other coverage is a comparison to similar non-mental health treatment. For example, if inpatient mental health care is limited to 30 days per year, but inpatient care for any other type of illness is not limited in terms of days, the plan contains mental health provisions that are covered differently. 2 Excludes doctor's charges in the hospital. 3 Includes treatment in one or more of the following: outpatient department of a hospital, residential treatment center, organized outpatient clinic, day-night treatment center, or doctor's office. If benefits differed by location of treatment, the location offering the most beneficial coverage was tabulated. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 76. Mental health care benefits: Limits on coverage full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Coverage limitation All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with mental health care benefits............... 24,764 7,251 5,968 11,545 Number (in thousands) with outpatient mental health care benefits... 23,368 6,866 5,799 10,703 Percent Inpatient(1) Total with mental health care benefits........ 100 100 100 100 No separate limits(2). 19 23 14 20 Subject to separate limits(3).......... 81 77 86 80 Days................ 57 56 61 55 Dollars............. 42 37 42 44 Coinsurance......... 14 14 15 14 Copayment........... 7 7 10 5 Other............... 2 2 1 2 Outpatient(4) Total with mental health care benefits........ 100 100 100 100 No separate limits(2). 4 3 4 3 Subject to separate limits(3).......... 96 97 96 97 Days................ 51 57 54 46 Dollars............. 59 55 57 62 Coinsurance......... 40 37 39 43 Copayment........... 28 30 34 24 Other............... 2 3 2 2 1 Excludes doctor's charges in the hospital. 2 These include plans covered without any limits; they also include plans subject to only the major medical limits of the plan. 3 Separate limitations indicate that mental health care benefits are more restrictive than benefits for other treatments. For example, if a plan limits inpatient mental health care to 30 days per year, that plan contains separate limits. The total is less than the sum of the individual items because many plans had more than one type of limitation. 4 Includes treatment in one or more of the following: outpatient department of a hospital, residential treatment center, organized outpatient clinic, day-night treatment center, or doctor's office. If benefits differed by location of treatment, doctor's office care was tabulated. NOTE: Sum of individual items is greater than total because some participants were in plans with more than one type of limit. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 77. Mental health care benefits: Limits on coverage in health maintenance organizations, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Coverage limitation All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with mental health care benefits............... 6,543 2,356 1,873 2,313 Number (in thousands) with outpatient mental health care benefits... 6,667 2,407 1,912 2,348 Percent Inpatient(1) Total with mental health care benefits........ 100 100 100 100 No separate limits(2). 11 16 8 8 Subject to separate limits(3).......... 89 84 92 92 Days................ 84 80 87 86 Dollars............. 10 10 12 10 Coinsurance......... 13 8 9 21 Copayment........... 15 15 18 13 Other............... 1 (4) 1 1 Outpatient(5) Total with mental health care benefits........ 100 100 100 100 No separate limits(2). 2 1 4 2 Subject to separate limits(3).......... 98 99 96 98 Days................ 88 88 86 89 Dollars............. 16 17 16 14 Coinsurance......... 20 19 14 26 Copayment........... 56 57 63 49 Other............... 3 3 1 4 1 Excludes doctor's charges in the hospital. 2 These include plans covered without any limits; they also include plans subject to overall plan limits such as plan maximums. 3 Separate limitations indicate that mental health care benefits are more restrictive than benefits for other treatments. For example, if a plan limits inpatient mental health care to 30 days per year, that plan contains separate limits. The total is less than the sum of the individual items because many plans had more than one type of limitation. 4 Less than 0.5 percent. 5 Includes treatment in one or more of the following: outpatient department of a hospital, residential treatment center, organized outpatient clinic, day-night treatment center, or doctor's office. If benefits differed by location of treatment, doctor's office care was tabulated. NOTE: Sum of individual items is greater than total because some participants were in plans with more than one type of limit. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 78. Mental health care benefits: Limits on coverage in non-health maintenance organizations, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Coverage limitation All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with mental health care benefits............... 18,221 4,895 4,094 9,232 Number (in thousands) with outpatient mental health care benefits... 16,701 4,460 3,887 8,355 Percent Inpatient(1) Total with mental health care benefits........ 100 100 100 100 No separate limits(2). 22 26 17 22 Subject to separate limits(3).......... 78 74 83 78 Days................ 47 45 50 47 Dollars............. 53 50 56 53 Coinsurance......... 15 16 18 13 Copayment........... 4 3 6 3 Other............... 2 2 2 2 Outpatient(4) Total with mental health care benefits........ 100 100 100 100 No separate limits(2). 4 4 4 4 Subject to separate limits(3).......... 96 96 96 96 Days................ 36 40 38 34 Dollars............. 76 75 76 76 Coinsurance......... 48 47 51 47 Copayment........... 17 16 20 16 Other............... 2 3 2 2 1 Excludes doctor's charges in the hospital. 2 These include plans covered without any limits; they also include plans subject to only the major medical limits of the plan. 3 Separate limitations indicate that mental health care benefits are more restrictive than benefits for other treatments. For example, if a plan limits inpatient mental health care to 30 days per year, that plan contains separate limits. The total is less than the sum of the individual items because many plans had more than one type of limitation. 4 Includes treatment in one or more of the following: outpatient department of a hospital, residential treatment center, organized outpatient clinic, day-night treatment center, or doctor's office. If benefits differed by location of treatment, doctor's office care was tabulated. NOTE: Sum of individual items is greater than total because some participants were in plans with more than one type of limit. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 79. Alcohol and drug abuse: Relationship between provisions, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Type of coverage All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with medical care........... 25,546 7,467 6,158 11,921 Percent Total..................... 100 100 100 100 Covered together(1)..... 76 77 76 76 Covered separately but with the same limits(2)............ 2 2 2 2 Other(3)................ 22 22 22 23 1 These are plans where all limits that apply to alcohol abuse treatment also apply to drug abuse treatment. When care is received for one of these types of treatment, it reduces the availability of care from the other. For example, if alcohol and drug abuse are limited to 30 days per year and 20 days are used for alcohol abuse, then there are 10 days left for drug abuse. 2 These are plans where alcohol and drug abuse are subject to separate and identical limits. For example, alcohol abuse treatment is limited to 30 days per year and drug abuse treatment is limited to a separate 30 days per year. 3 Includes plans where alcoholism coverage differs from drug coverage; and where some limits for alcohol and drug abuse treatment are separate and identical and different limits reduce the availability of care from the other; and where there is no coverage for alcohol and drug abuse treatment. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in the category. Table 80. Substance abuse treatment benefits: Relationship to other coverage,(1) full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Type of coverage All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Percent Alcohol abuse Total with inpatient detoxification(2).... 100 100 100 100 Covered the same.......... 28 31 28 26 Covered differently....... 72 69 72 74 Total with inpatient rehabilitation(3)... 100 100 100 100 Covered the same.......... 6 8 6 6 Covered differently....... 94 92 94 94 Total with outpatient rehabilitation(4)... 100 100 100 100 Covered the same.......... 6 8 6 4 Covered differently....... 94 92 94 96 Drug abuse Total with inpatient detoxification(2).... 100 100 100 100 Covered the same.......... 28 31 29 26 Covered differently....... 72 69 71 74 Total with inpatient rehabilitation(3)... 100 100 100 100 Covered the same.......... 6 8 6 5 Covered differently....... 94 92 94 95 Total with outpatient rehabilitation(4)... 100 100 100 100 Covered the same.......... 6 8 6 4 Covered differently....... 94 92 94 96 1 Relationship to other coverage is a comparison to similar non-substance abuse treatment. For example, if alcohol rehabilitation is limited to 30 days per year, but inpatient care for any other type of illness is not limited in terms of days, the plan contains inpatient alcohol rehabilitation provisions that are covered differently. 2 Detoxification is the systematic use of medication and other methods under medical supervision to reduce or eliminate the effects of substance abuse. 3 Rehabilitation is designed to alter the abusive behavior in patients once they are free of acute physical and mental complications. 4 Includes treatment in one or more of the following: outpatient department of a hospital, residential treatment center, organized outpatient clinic, day-night treatment center, or doctor's office. If benefits differed by location of treatment, the location offering the most beneficial coverage was tabulated. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 81. Alcohol abuse treatment benefits: Limits on coverage, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Coverage limitation All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with inpatient detoxification benefits 25,039 7,384 6,024 11,631 Number (in thousands) with inpatient rehabilitation benefits 19,579 5,760 4,659 9,160 Number (in thousands) with outpatient rehabilitation benefits 20,642 6,108 5,017 9,516 Percent Inpatient detoxification(1) Total with inpatient detoxification benefits............. 100 100 100 100 No separate limits(2). 29 31 30 28 Subject to separate limits(3).......... 71 69 70 72 Days................ 50 48 49 52 Dollars............. 36 33 36 39 Coinsurance......... 13 13 14 12 Copayment........... 5 6 6 4 Other............... 3 4 2 2 Inpatient rehabilitation(4) Total with inpatient rehabilitation benefits............. 100 100 100 100 No separate limits(2). 8 9 7 8 Subject to separate limits(3).......... 92 91 93 92 Days................ 67 66 69 67 Dollars............. 45 42 46 46 Coinsurance......... 17 17 19 16 Copayment........... 6 7 8 5 Other............... 3 5 2 2 Outpatient rehabilitation(5) Total with outpatient rehabilitation benefits............. 100 100 100 100 No separate limits(2). 7 10 8 5 Subject to separate limits(3).......... 93 90 92 95 Days................ 49 49 51 47 Dollars............. 53 50 54 55 Coinsurance......... 28 25 29 30 Copayment........... 22 23 25 20 Other............... 3 4 2 3 1 Detoxification is the systematic use of medication and other methods under medical supervision to reduce or eliminate the effects of substance abuse. 2 These include plans covered without any limits; they also include plans subject to only the major medical limits of the plan. 3 Separate limitations indicate that alcohol abuse treatment benefits are more restrictive than benefits for other treatments. For example, if a plan limits inpatient rehabilitation care to 30 days per year, but the limit on inpatient care for any other type of illness is greater than 30 days per year, the plan contains separate limits. The total is less than the sum of the individual items because many plans had more than one type of limitation. 4 Rehabilitation is designed to alter the abusive behavior in patients once they are free of acute physical and mental complications. 5 Includes treatment in one or more of the following: outpatient department of a hospital, residential treatment center, organized outpatient clinic, day-night treatment center, or doctor's office. If benefits differed by location of treatment, the location offering the most beneficial coverage was tabulated. NOTE: Sum of individual items is greater than total because some participants were in plans with more than one type of limit. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 82. Drug abuse treatment benefits: Limits on coverage, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Coverage limitation All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with inpatient detoxification benefits 24,856 7,343 5,931 11,582 Number (in thousands) with inpatient rehabilitation benefits 19,433 5,718 4,649 9,066 Number (in thousands) with outpatient rehabilitation benefits 20,529 6,058 4,999 9,471 Percent Inpatient detoxification(1) Total with inpatient detoxification benefits............. 100 100 100 100 No separate limits(2). 30 32 30 28 Subject to separate limits(3).......... 70 68 70 72 Days................ 50 47 48 52 Dollars............. 36 33 36 38 Coinsurance......... 13 13 15 12 Copayment........... 5 6 6 4 Other............... 3 4 2 2 Inpatient rehabilitation(4) Total with inpatient rehabilitation benefits............. 100 100 100 100 No separate limits(2). 8 9 8 7 Subject to separate limits(3).......... 92 91 92 93 Days................ 67 65 69 67 Dollars............. 45 42 46 46 Coinsurance......... 17 17 19 16 Copayment........... 6 7 8 5 Other............... 3 5 2 2 Outpatient rehabilitation(5) Total with outpatient rehabilitation benefits............. 100 100 100 100 No separate limits(2). 7 10 8 5 Subject to separate limits(3).......... 93 90 92 95 Days................ 49 49 51 47 Dollars............. 53 50 54 55 Coinsurance......... 29 26 29 30 Copayment........... 22 23 25 20 Other............... 3 4 2 3 1 Detoxification is the systematic use of medication and other methods under medical supervision to reduce or eliminate the effects of substance abuse. 2 These include plans covered without any limits; they also include plans subject to only the major medical limits of the plan. 3 Separate limitations indicate that drug abuse treatment benefits are more restrictive than benefits for other treatments. For example, if a plan limits inpatient rehabilitation care to 30 days per year, but the limit on inpatient care for any other type of illness is greater than 30 days per year, the plan contains separate limits. The total is less than the sum of the individual items because many plans had more than one type of limitation. 4 Rehabilitation is designed to alter the abusive behavior in patients once they are free of acute physical and mental complications. 5 Includes treatment in one or more of the following: outpatient department of a hospital, residential treatment center, organized outpatient clinic, day-night treatment center, or doctor's office. If benefits differed by location of treatment, the location offering the most beneficial coverage was tabulated. NOTE: Sum of individual items is greater than total because some participants were in plans with more than one type of limit. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 83. Alcohol abuse treatment benefits: Limits on coverage in health maintenance organizations, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Coverage limitation All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with inpatient detoxification benefits 6,961 2,483 1,982 2,496 Number (in thousands) with inpatient rehabilitation benefits 4,595 1,734 1,208 1,653 Number (in thousands) with outpatient rehabilitation benefits 5,623 2,078 1,533 2,012 Percent Inpatient detoxification(1) Total with inpatient detoxification benefits............. 100 100 100 100 No separate limits(2). 44 43 48 41 Subject to separate limits(3).......... 56 57 52 59 Days................ 44 44 42 45 Dollars............. 12 12 12 12 Coinsurance......... 10 5 9 16 Copayment........... 9 10 9 8 Other............... 2 3 1 3 Inpatient rehabilitation(4) Total with inpatient rehabilitation benefits............. 100 100 100 100 No separate limits(2). 11 12 12 9 Subject to separate limits(3).......... 89 88 88 91 Days................ 76 73 79 77 Dollars............. 18 18 18 18 Coinsurance......... 17 10 15 26 Copayment........... 14 13 18 14 Other............... 4 4 2 4 Outpatient rehabilitation(5) Total with outpatient rehabilitation benefits............. 100 100 100 100 No separate limits(2). 14 18 16 9 Subject to separate limits(3).......... 86 82 84 91 Days................ 67 64 70 66 Dollars............. 19 21 18 18 Coinsurance......... 13 8 12 19 Copayment........... 36 35 40 35 Other............... 4 4 2 6 1 Detoxification is the systematic use of medication and other methods under medical supervision to reduce or eliminate the effects of substance abuse. 2 These include plans covered without any limits; they also include plans subject to overall plan limits such as plan maximums. 3 Separate limitations indicate that alcohol abuse treatment benefits are more restrictive than benefits for other treatments. For example, if a plan limits inpatient rehabilitation care to 30 days per year, but the limit on inpatient care for any other type of illness is greater than 30 days per year, the plan contains separate limits. The total is less than the sum of the individual items because many plans had more than one type of limitation. 4 Rehabilitation is designed to alter the abusive behavior in patients once they are free of acute physical and mental complications. 5 Includes treatment in one or more of the following: outpatient department of a hospital, residential treatment center, organized outpatient clinic, day-night treatment center, or doctor's office. If benefits differed by location of treatment, the location offering the most beneficial coverage was tabulated. NOTE: Sum of individual items is greater than total because some participants were in plans with more than one type of limit. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 84. Drug abuse treatment benefits: Limits on coverage in health maintenance organizations, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Coverage limitation All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with inpatient detoxification benefits 6,866 2,464 1,908 2,494 Number (in thousands) with inpatient rehabilitation benefits 4,530 1,717 1,185 1,629 Number (in thousands) with outpatient rehabilitation benefits 5,588 2,070 1,523 1,994 Percent Inpatient detoxification(1) Total with inpatient detoxification benefits............. 100 100 100 100 No separate limits(2). 45 44 51 41 Subject to separate limits(3).......... 55 56 49 59 Days................ 43 44 40 45 Dollars............. 12 12 12 12 Coinsurance......... 10 5 9 16 Copayment........... 9 10 8 8 Other............... 2 3 1 3 Inpatient rehabilitation(4) Total with inpatient rehabilitation benefits............. 100 100 100 100 No separate limits(2). 11 12 12 8 Subject to separate limits(3).......... 89 88 88 92 Days................ 77 73 81 78 Dollars............. 18 18 17 18 Coinsurance......... 17 10 15 26 Copayment........... 14 13 17 14 Other............... 4 4 2 4 Outpatient rehabilitation(5) Total with outpatient rehabilitation benefits............. 100 100 100 100 No separate limits(2). 14 18 16 9 Subject to separate limits(3).......... 86 82 84 91 Days................ 67 65 71 66 Dollars............. 19 21 18 18 Coinsurance......... 13 8 12 19 Copayment........... 36 35 40 35 Other............... 4 4 2 6 1 Detoxification is the systematic use of medication and other methods under medical supervision to reduce or eliminate the effects of substance abuse. 2 These include plans covered without any limits; they also include plans subject to overall plan limits such as plan maximums. 3 Separate limitations indicate that drug abuse treatment benefits are more restrictive than benefits for other treatments. For example, if a plan limits inpatient rehabilitation care to 30 days per year, but the limit on inpatient care for any other type of illness is greater than 30 days per year, the plan contains separate limits. The total is less than the sum of the individual items because many plans had more than one type of limitation. 4 Rehabilitation is designed to alter the abusive behavior in patients once they are free of acute physical and mental complications. 5 Includes treatment in one or more of the following: outpatient department of a hospital, residential treatment center, organized outpatient clinic, day-night treatment center, or doctor's office. If benefits differed by location of treatment, the location offering the most beneficial coverage was tabulated. NOTE: Sum of individual items is greater than total because some participants were in plans with more than one type of limit. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 85. Alcohol abuse treatment benefits: Limits on coverage in non-health maintenance organizations, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue-- sional, Clerical collar Coverage limitation All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with inpatient detoxification benefits 18,078 4,900 4,042 9,135 Number (in thousands) with inpatient rehabilitation benefits 14,984 4,026 3,451 7,507 Number (in thousands) with outpatient rehabilitation benefits 15,018 4,030 3,484 7,504 Percent Inpatient detoxification(1) Total with inpatient detoxification benefits............. 100 100 100 100 No separate limits(2). 24 26 20 24 Subject to separate limits(3).......... 76 74 80 76 Days................ 52 49 53 54 Dollars............. 45 43 47 46 Coinsurance......... 14 17 17 11 Copayment........... 4 4 5 3 Other............... 3 5 2 2 Inpatient rehabilitation(4) Total with inpatient rehabilitation benefits............. 100 100 100 100 No separate limits(2). 7 8 6 7 Subject to separate limits(3).......... 93 92 94 93 Days................ 64 63 65 64 Dollars............. 53 52 55 53 Coinsurance......... 17 20 20 14 Copayment........... 4 5 5 3 Other............... 3 5 2 2 Outpatient rehabilitation(5) Total with outpatient rehabilitation benefits............. 100 100 100 100 No separate limits(2). 5 6 5 4 Subject to separate limits(3).......... 95 94 95 96 Days................ 42 41 43 42 Dollars............. 66 65 70 65 Coinsurance......... 34 34 36 33 Copayment........... 17 16 19 16 Other............... 2 3 2 2 1 Detoxification is the systematic use of medication and other methods under medical supervision to reduce or eliminate the effects of substance abuse. 2 These include plans covered without any limits; they also include plans subject to only the major medical limits of the plan. 3 Separate limitations indicate that alcohol abuse treatment benefits are more restrictive than benefits for other treatments. For example, if a plan limits inpatient rehabilitation care to 30 days per year, but the limit on inpatient care for any other type of illness is greater than 30 days per year, the plan contains separate limits. The total is less than the sum of the individual items because many plans had more than one type of limitation. 4 Rehabilitation is designed to alter the abusive behavior in patients once they are free of acute physical and mental complications. 5 Includes treatment in one or more of the following: outpatient department of a hospital, residential treatment center, organized outpatient clinic, day-night treatment center, or doctor's office. If benefits differed by location of treatment, the location offering the most beneficial coverage was tabulated. NOTE: Sum of individual items is greater than total because some participants were in plans with more than one type of limit. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 86. Drug abuse treatment benefits: Limits on coverage in non-health maintenance organizations, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Coverage limitation All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with inpatient detoxification benefits 17,990 4,879 4,022 9,088 Number (in thousands) with inpatient rehabilitation benefits 14,902 4,002 3,464 7,437 Number (in thousands) with outpatient rehabilitation benefits 14,941 3,988 3,476 7,477 Percent Inpatient detoxification(1) Total with inpatient detoxification benefits............. 100 100 100 100 No separate limits(2). 24 26 21 24 Subject to separate limits(3).......... 76 74 79 76 Days................ 52 49 52 54 Dollars............. 46 44 48 46 Coinsurance......... 14 18 17 11 Copayment........... 4 4 5 3 Other............... 3 5 2 2 Inpatient rehabilitation(4) Total with inpatient rehabilitation benefits............. 100 100 100 100 No separate limits(2). 7 8 6 7 Subject to separate limits(3).......... 93 92 94 93 Days................ 64 62 64 64 Dollars............. 53 53 55 53 Coinsurance......... 17 20 20 14 Copayment........... 4 5 5 3 Other............... 3 5 2 2 Outpatient rehabilitation(5) Total with outpatient rehabilitation benefits............. 100 100 100 100 No separate limits(2). 4 5 5 4 Subject to separate limits(3).......... 96 95 95 96 Days................ 42 41 42 42 Dollars............. 66 65 70 64 Coinsurance......... 34 35 36 33 Copayment........... 17 16 19 16 Other............... 2 3 2 2 1 Detoxification is the systematic use of medication and other methods under medical supervision to reduce or eliminate the effects of substance abuse. 2 These include plans covered without any limits; they also include plans subject to overall plan limits such as plan maximums. 3 Separate limitations indicate that drug abuse treatment benefits are more restrictive than benefits for other treatments. For example, if a plan limits inpatient rehabilitation care to 30 days per year, but the limit on inpatient care for any other type of illness is greater than 30 days per year, the plan contains separate limits. The total is less than the sum of the individual items because many plans had more than one type of limitation. 4 Rehabilitation is designed to alter the abusive behavior in patients once they are free of acute physical and mental complications. 5 Includes treatment in one or more of the following: outpatient department of a hospital, residential treatment center, organized outpatient clinic, day-night treatment center, or doctor's office. If benefits differed by location of treatment, the location offering the most beneficial coverage was tabulated. NOTE: Sum of individual items is greater than total because some participants were in plans with more than one type of limit. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 87. Mental health care and substance abuse treatment benefits: Application to out-of-pocket expense provisions(1) in non-health maintenance organizations, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Type of coverage All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Percent Inpatient mental health care Total..................... 100 100 100 100 Subject to out-of-pocket limits............... 65 72 59 64 Not subject to out-of-pocket limits. 35 28 41 36 Outpatient mental health care Total..................... 100 100 100 100 Subject to out-of-pocket limits............... 40 43 35 41 Not subject to out-of-pocket limits. 60 57 65 59 Inpatient alcohol detoxification Total..................... 100 100 100 100 Subject to out-of-pocket limits............... 68 73 64 67 Not subject to out-of-pocket limits. 32 27 36 33 Inpatient alcohol rehabilitation Total..................... 100 100 100 100 Subject to out-of-pocket limit................ 60 63 57 59 Not subject to out-of-pocket limits. 40 37 43 41 Outpatient alcohol rehabilitation Total..................... 100 100 100 100 Subject to out-of-pocket limits............... 46 44 44 49 Not subject to out-of-pocket limits. 54 56 56 51 Inpatient drug detoxification Total..................... 100 100 100 100 Subject to out-of-pocket limits............... 68 73 63 68 Not subject to out-of-pocket limits. 32 27 37 32 Inpatient drug rehabilitation Total..................... 100 100 100 100 Subject to out-of-pocket limits............... 60 63 57 60 Not subject to out-of-pocket limits. 40 37 43 40 Outpatient drug rehabilitation Total..................... 100 100 100 100 Subject to out-of-pocket limits............... 47 44 44 49 Not subject to out-of-pocket limits. 53 56 56 51 1 Each total relates to a plan's overall out-of-pocket limits. In addition, the specified inpatient benefit and hospital room and board must be subject to the plan's overall limits while the specified outpatient benefit and office physician's care must be subject to the plan's overall benefits. For example, the total for inpatient mental health care includes the following: there is a plan out-of-pocket limit, and both inpatient mental health care and hospital room and board are subject to the plan's overall limits. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 88. Medical care plans: Eligibility requirements, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Eligibility requirement All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with medical care........... 25,546 7,467 6,158 11,921 Percent Total..................... 100 100 100 100 With a service requirement.......... 64 51 67 71 1 month............... 21 24 22 19 2 months.............. 6 4 5 8 3 months.............. 26 17 31 28 4 -5 months........... 1 1 1 2 6 months.............. 6 4 6 6 7 - 11 months......... 3 1 (1) 6 12 months............. 1 1 (1) 1 Greater than 12 months (1) - (1) (1) Without a service requirement.......... 31 46 29 23 Not determinable(2)..... 5 3 5 6 1 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 Plans providing services or payments for services rendered in the hospital or by a physician. Excludes plans that provided only dental, vision, or prescription drug coverage. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 89. Non-health maintenance organizations: Pre-existing condition provisions,(1) full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Funding and All techni- and sales and administration employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) in non-HMO plans.......... 18,558 4,968 4,170 9,419 Percent Total with non-HMO plans.. 100 100 100 100 Pre-existing condition clause............... 54 50 57 55 No pre-existing condition clause..... 46 50 43 45 1 A pre-existing condition is any ailment present at the time the participant enrolls in the plan. Plans will typically deny or limit coverage of such conditions for a specific time period following enrollment. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 90. Medical care benefits: Effect of retirement on coverage,(1) full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Retiree coverage All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with medical care........... 25,546 7,467 6,158 11,921 Percent Total with medical care... 100 100 100 100 Under Age 65 With retiree coverage... 46 50 50 41 Employer paid......... 9 9 8 10 Retiree paid.......... 7 9 7 6 Both retiree and employer paid...... 25 28 29 22 Payment available, but unknown............ 4 5 6 3 Without retiree coverage 45 41 42 50 Not determinable........ 9 9 8 10 Age 65 and over With retiree coverage... 41 44 45 37 Employer paid......... 9 9 8 9 Retiree paid.......... 6 6 6 6 Both retiree and employer paid...... 22 24 26 19 Payment available, but unknown............ 4 5 5 3 Without retiree coverage 50 47 46 53 Not determinable........ 9 9 8 10 1 Plans providing services or payments for services rendered in the hospital or by a physician. Excludes plans that provided only dental, vision, or prescription drug coverage. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 91. Dental care benefits: Eligibility requirements, full-time employees, medium and large private esatablishments, 1994 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Eligibility requirement All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with dental care............ 18,866 6,217 4,603 8,046 Percent Total with dental care.... 100 100 100 100 With a service requirement.......... 64 52 67 71 1 month............... 19 20 19 18 2 months.............. 5 3 4 8 3 months.............. 24 16 32 24 4 -5 months........... 2 1 1 3 6 months.............. 6 6 7 6 7 - 11 months......... 5 2 1 9 12 months............. 3 3 3 2 Greater than 12 months (1) - (1) (1) Without a service requirement.......... 32 46 29 23 Not determinable(2)..... 4 2 3 5 1 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 Plans where service requirements were unknown, usually because plan documents (typically prepared by dental care provider) did not specify the employer's eligibility provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 92. Dental care benefits: Fee arrangement and financial intermediary, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with dental care............ 18,866 6,217 4,603 8,046 Percent Total with dental care.... 100 100 100 100 Traditional fee-for-service...... 85 82 84 87 Self insured.......... 52 47 56 53 Commercial insurance company............ 15 11 14 18 Blue Cross/Blue Shield 5 6 4 5 Independent organization....... 4 4 2 5 Combined financed..... (1) (1) (1) (1) Dental society........ 9 13 8 5 Preferred provider organization......... 6 10 6 4 Self insured.......... 2 2 4 2 Commercial insurance company............ 1 1 1 (1) Blue Cross/Blue Shield 1 2 (1) 1 Independent organization....... 1 1 (1) (1) Dental society........ 1 2 1 (1) Health maintenance organization......... 8 8 10 7 Self insured.......... (1) 1 (1) (1) Commercial insurance company............ 2 2 3 2 Blue Cross/Blue Shield 1 1 1 1 Independent organization....... 4 3 4 4 Dental society........ 1 1 2 1 Other................... 1 1 (1) 2 1 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 93. Dental care benefits: Coverage for selected procedures, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Type of dental procedure Extent of coverage Exams X-rays Surgery(1) Fillings Periodontal Endodontics Crowns Prosthetics Ortho- care dontia(2) Number (in thousands) with dental care............ 18,866 18,866 18,866 18,866 18,866 18,866 18,866 18,866 18,866 Professional, technical, and related employees 6,217 6,217 6,217 6,217 6,217 6,217 6,217 6,217 6,217 Clerical and sales employees............ 4,603 4,603 4,603 4,603 4,603 4,603 4,603 4,603 4,603 Blue-collar and service employees............ 8,046 8,046 8,046 8,046 8,046 8,046 8,046 8,046 8,046 Percent All employees Total................ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Covered(3).............. 100 100 99 100 97 99 96 96 71 In full(4)............ 14 14 5 8 4 4 3 2 1 Scheduled cash allowance.......... 6 6 8 8 7 7 8 8 4 Subject to copayment(5)....... 2 1 5 3 5 6 6 6 8 Percent of usual, customary and reasonable charge.. 77 78 80 80 79 80 80 80 60 Other(6).............. 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 Not covered............. (7) (7) 1 (7) 2 1 4 4 27 Not determinable........ - - (7) (7) 1 (7) (7) 1 2 Professional, technical, and related Total................ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Covered(3).............. 100 100 99 100 97 98 96 95 73 In full(4)............ 13 13 5 7 4 4 2 2 (7) Scheduled cash allowance.......... 4 4 7 6 6 6 6 6 4 Subject to copayment(5)....... 1 (7) 4 2 4 4 6 5 11 Percent of usual, customary and reasonable charge.. 78 78 79 80 78 79 81 81 63 Other(6).............. 4 4 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 Not covered............. (7) (7) 1 (7) 2 1 4 4 25 Not determinable........ - - (7) 0 1 (7) (7) (7) 2 Clerical and sales Total................ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Covered(3).............. 100 100 99 100 97 99 97 95 67 In full(4)............ 12 13 5 7 4 4 1 1 (7) Scheduled cash allowance.......... 7 6 9 9 9 8 8 8 4 Subject to copayment(5)....... 1 (7) 5 3 6 7 7 6 8 Percent of usual, customary and reasonable charge.. 78 79 80 79 78 79 80 79 56 Other(6).............. 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 Not covered............. (7) (7) (7) (7) 1 (7) 3 3 31 Not determinable........ - - (7) (7) 1 (7) (7) 1 2 Blue-collar and service Total................ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Covered(3).............. 100 100 99 99 97 98 96 96 72 In full(4)............ 15 15 6 9 5 4 4 4 2 Scheduled cash allowance.......... 7 7 8 8 7 7 8 8 4 Subject to copayment(5)....... 2 1 5 3 6 6 6 6 7 Percent of usual, customary and reasonable charge.. 75 78 81 81 81 82 79 79 61 Other(6).............. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Not covered............. (7) (7) (7) (7) 2 1 4 4 27 Not determinable........ - - (7) (7) 1 (7) (7) (7) 2 1 Excludes plans that limited coverage to accidental injuries, removal of impacted wisdom teeth, or repair of jaw. 2 Participants were included as having coverage for orthodontia in cases where benefits were limited to children. 3 Sum of individual items is greater than total because some participants were in plans with more than one limit. 4 Includes plans that paid the full cost with no deductible or maximum dollar amount. 5 Participant pays a specific amount per procedure and plan pays all remaining expenses. In the case of orthodontia, the copayment is generally applied once per lifetime. 6 Includes plans that provide care based on an incentive schedule or discounted benefit. An incentive schedule is a reimbursement arrangement in which the percentage of dental expenses paid by the plan increases if regular dental appointments are scheduled. Discounted benefits are available if obtained from an approved provider. 7 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 94. Dental care benefits: Percent of charges paid by plan for selected procedures, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Type of dental procedure Exams X-rays Surgery(1) Fillings Periodontal Endodontics Crowns Prosthetics Orthodontia care Number of employees (in thousands) in dental plans with coverage based on a percentage of charges............. 14,470 14,804 15,027 15,020 14,879 15,062 15,016 14,966 11,248 Professional, technical, and related employees 4,847 4,877 4,913 4,955 4,854 4,892 5,025 5,021 3,892 Clerical and sales employees............ 3,599 3,653 3,643 3,631 3,570 3,632 3,657 3,618 2,586 Blue-collar and service employees............ 6,024 6,274 6,472 6,434 6,455 6,538 6,333 6,327 4,770 Percent All employees Total with dental care based on a percentage of charges........... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Less than 50.......... - (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 1 (2) 50.................... (2) 1 6 7 11 8 69 75 80 51-59................. - - - - - - - (2) - 60.................... 1 1 3 2 3 2 10 10 6 61-74................. (2) (2) 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 75.................... 1 1 6 6 6 6 3 3 1 80.................... 21 23 65 67 65 67 9 6 8 85.................... (2) 1 3 3 3 3 (2) (2) - 90.................... 5 7 7 6 6 6 4 1 (2) 91-99................. - - (2) (2) (2) (2) - - (2) 100(3)................ 71 64 8 8 4 6 2 1 3 Not determinable...... (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Professional, technical, and related Total with dental care based on a percentage of charges........... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Less than 50.......... - (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 1 1 50.................... (2) (2) 6 8 11 8 69 75 82 51-59................. - - - - - - - 1 - 60.................... 1 1 2 2 3 3 10 10 6 61-74................. (2) (2) 2 2 2 2 2 2 - 75.................... 1 1 5 4 5 5 4 3 1 80.................... 18 19 66 70 70 71 11 7 8 85.................... (2) (2) 2 2 2 2 (2) (2) - 90.................... 6 7 6 4 4 4 2 (2) - 91-99................. - - (2) (2) (2) (2) - - (2) 100(3)................ 73 70 9 8 3 5 1 1 2 Not determinable...... (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Clerical and sales Total with dental care based on a percentage of charges........... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Less than 50.......... - - (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 1 (2) 50.................... (2) 1 6 6 10 8 66 69 78 51-59................. - - - - - - - (2) - 60.................... 1 1 2 1 2 2 12 13 6 61-74................. 1 1 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 75.................... 1 1 5 5 5 5 4 3 2 80.................... 19 21 70 73 69 71 10 8 6 85.................... (2) 1 2 2 2 2 (2) 1 - 90.................... 4 5 4 4 4 4 2 (2) 1 91-99................. - - (2) (2) (2) (2) - - - 100(3)................ 73 70 7 6 3 5 1 1 4 Not determinable...... (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Blue-collar and service Total with dental care based on a percentage of charges........... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Less than 50.......... - (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 1 (2) 50.................... (2) 1 6 7 10 8 70 79 80 51-59................. - - - - - - - (2) - 60.................... 1 1 3 2 4 2 8 9 6 61-74................. (2) (2) 3 3 3 2 1 1 - 75.................... 2 1 7 7 7 7 3 2 1 80.................... 24 27 61 62 60 61 8 5 10 85.................... (2) 3 4 4 4 4 (2) (2) - 90.................... 4 9 8 8 8 8 6 2 1 91-99................. - - - - - - - - (2) 100(3)................ 68 57 9 8 4 7 2 2 2 Not determinable...... (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 Excludes plans that limited coverage to accidental injuries, removal of impacted wisdom teeth, or repair of jaw. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. 3 Includes plans that paid 100 percent of charges, but imposed a deductible and limited payment to a maximum dollar amount. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. * Table 95. Dental care benefits: Amount of individual deductible,(1) full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Type of deductible All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with dental care............ 18,866 6,217 4,603 8,046 Percent Total with dental care. 100 100 100 100 Subject to separate dental deductible(2). 59 60 61 55 Yearly deductible only............. 55 56 56 52 Under $25....... (3) 1 (3) (3) $25............. 16 17 14 17 $26-$49......... 1 1 1 2 $50............. 31 31 33 30 $51-$99......... 3 2 4 2 $100............ 3 3 4 2 Over $100....... (3) (3) (3) (3) Lifetime deductible only............. 2 2 3 2 Less than $50... (3) (3) (3) (3) $50............. 2 2 2 1 Over $50........ (3) (3) 1 - Both yearly and lifetime deductibles...... 2 2 1 1 No deductible........... 40 39 38 42 Not determinable........ 1 1 1 3 Average(4) Average employee yearly deductible............. $46 $45 $49 $45 Average employee lifetime deductible............. 46 38 57 48 1 Amount of deductible described is for each insured person. In some plans, the individual and family deductibles are identical. Excludes separate deductibles for orthodontic procedures. 2 Deductibles may not apply to all covered dental procedures. If separate deductibles applied to different procedures, the sum of the deductible amounts was tabulated. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. 4 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 96. Dental care benefits: Relationship of yearly family deductibles to yearly individual deductibles, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Relationship All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with dental care............ 18,866 6,217 4,603 8,046 Percent Total with dental care. 100 100 100 100 With individual and family deductible............. 43 48 50 36 Family deductible relates to individual deductible: Equal to individual deductible......... (1) (1) 1 (1) 2 times individual deductible......... 13 16 12 11 3 times individual deductible......... 29 31 36 24 Other(2).............. (1) (1) 1 (1) Without individual and family deductible...... 57 52 50 64 1 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 Includes plans where family deductible is not an even multiple of individual coverage. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 97. Dental care benefits: Services covered by deductible(1) provisions, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Categories of care All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number of employees (in thousands) with a dental deductible...... 12,138 4,047 3,195 4,896 Percent Total with a dental deductible.......... 100 100 100 100 All categories(2)....... 20 18 21 20 All except exams and x-rays............... 46 48 47 42 All except exams, x-rays, and orthodontia.......... 24 24 25 25 All except orthodontia.. 3 4 3 4 All except exams and orthodontia.......... 1 1 (3) 2 Other(4)................ 6 5 5 7 1 Includes plans with both a yearly deductible only, and a yearly and lifetime deductible. 2 This applies to all categories of care covered by the plan. The categories of dental care are exams, x-rays, surgery, fillings, periodontal care, endodontics, crowns, prosthetics, and orthodontia. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. 4 Includes other category combinations. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 98. Dental care benefits: Maximum benefit provisions,(1) full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- All sional, Clerical collar Dollar amount(2) employe- techni- and sales and es cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with dental care............ 18,866 6,217 4,603 8,046 Percent Total with dental care. 100 100 100 100 Yearly maximum specified(3)........... 82 83 82 81 Less than $500.......... 1 1 (4) 1 $500.................... 2 2 3 3 $501-$749............... 1 (4) (4) 1 $750.................... 7 6 9 6 $751-$999............... 1 (4) 1 1 $1,000.................. 40 38 39 42 $1,001-$1,499........... 10 8 9 12 $1,500.................. 12 14 14 10 $1,501-$1999............ 3 4 1 2 $2,000.................. 4 7 4 3 Greater than $2,000..... 1 2 1 2 No yearly maximum......... 17 16 17 17 Maximum provision not determinable........... 1 1 1 2 Average(5) Average yearly maximum.... $1,166 $1,218 $1,141 $1,139 1 Includes all covered dental procedures except orthodontia. Amount of maximum specified is for each insured person. 2 Coverage for dental procedures may also be subject to scheduled allowance, deductible, or coinsurance provisions in addition to maximum dollar limitations. 3 If separate yearly maximums applied to different procedures, the sum of the maximums was tabulated. Maximums applied to dental expenses only. 4 Less than 0.5 percent. 5 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 99. Orthodontic care benefits: Maximum benefit provisions, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Dollar amount(1) All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with orthodontic care....... 13,749 4,692 3,163 5,894 Percent Total with orthodontic care................ 100 100 100 100 Lifetime maximum specified ....................... 83 82 83 83 Less than $500.......... (2) (2) (2) (2) $500.................... 7 9 5 7 $501-$749............... 1 2 2 1 $750.................... 8 8 16 5 $751-$999............... 1 1 (2) 1 $1,000.................. 31 27 32 35 $1,001-$1,499........... 11 10 7 15 $1,500.................. 16 20 13 14 Greater than $1,500..... 6 6 8 5 Dollar amount unspecified.......... (2) (2) 1 (2) No lifetime maximum....... 15 15 14 14 Provision not determinable 3 3 3 2 Average(3) Average lifetime maximum.. $1,138 $1,144 $1,128 $1,139 1 Coverage for orthodontia procedure may also be subject to scheduled allowance, deductible, or coinsurance provisions in addition to maximum dollar limitations. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. 3 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 100. Dental care benefits: Pretreatment authorization provisions full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Item All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with dental care............ 18,866 6,217 4,603 8,046 Percent Total with dental care. 100 100 100 100 Preauthorization required. 49 45 52 50 Minimum expense requiring preauthorization: $100.................. 8 6 6 10 $101-$199............. 5 4 6 5 $200.................. 13 14 11 12 Greater than $200..... 18 15 23 19 Dollar amount not determinable....... 5 6 6 4 Preauthorization not required............... 47 51 45 45 Data not determinable..... 4 4 3 5 Average(1) Average minimum expense requiring preauthorization....... $225 $219 $235 $224 1 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 101. Vision care benefits: Coverage for selected services, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Type of vision benefit Covered(1) Covered in Scheduled Copayment Other(2) Not covered Not deter- Total full allowance minable Percent All employees Eye exam................ 100 95 18 38 34 15 4 1 Contact lenses(3)....... 100 94 5 67 19 17 5 1 Eyeglasses.............. 100 100 10 53 25 17 - (4) Professional, technical, and related participants Eye exam................ 100 95 20 35 35 12 5 (4) Contact lenses(3)....... 100 95 5 65 16 18 4 1 Eyeglasses.............. 100 100 12 51 24 19 - (4) Clerical and sales participants Eye exam................ 100 95 17 37 34 16 4 1 Contact lenses(3)....... 100 96 4 70 16 22 3 1 Eyeglasses.............. 100 100 11 54 22 22 - (4) Blue-collar and service participants Eye exam................ 100 96 16 41 34 17 3 1 Contact lenses(3)....... 100 93 5 67 22 13 6 1 Eyeglasses.............. 100 99 9 54 28 14 - 1 1 The total is less than the sum of individual items because many participants are in plans with more than one type of limitation. 2 Includes plans subject to coinsurance and retail discount. 3 Includes plans where coverage is for elected contact lenses; medically necessary contact lenses, i.e., cataract surgery, is normally provided under the surgical portion of the medical plan and is not described in this table. 4 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 102. Life insurance: Summary of provisions, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Item All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with basic life insurance... 29,078 8,721 7,227 13,130 Percent Total with basic life insurance.............. 100 100 100 100 Multiple of earnings benefit.............. 57 74 72 36 Dollar amount benefit... 43 25 27 63 Retiree coverage avail- able................. 37 39 40 34 Supplemental coverage available............ 59 71 67 47 Dependent coverage available............ 52 57 61 44 Required employee con- tribution............ 13 13 16 11 NOTE: Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 103. Life insurance: Method of determining basic coverage, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- sional, Blue- All techni- Clerical collar Type employees cal, and and sales and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with basic life insurance... 29,078 8,721 7,227 13,130 Percent Total with basic life insurance.............. 100 100 100 100 Multiple of earnings benefit............. 57 74 72 36 Fixed multiple of earnings2......... 56 74 72 36 Multiple varies by earnings.......... (1) (1) (1) (1) Multiple varies by service........... (1) (1) (1) (1) Dollar amount benefit.. 43 25 27 63 Flat dollar amount... 38 23 24 55 Dollar amount varies by earnings....... 4 2 2 6 Dollar amount varies by service........ 1 (1) 1 2 Other.................. 1 1 (1) 1 1 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 Includes participants in plans in which insurance equaled a multiple of earnings, plus or minus a specified amount. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 104. Life insurance: Flat dollar benefit amounts, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Amount of insurance All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with dollar amount of basic life insurance......... 12,375 2,200 1,958 8,217 Percent Total with dollar amount of basic life insurance 100 100 100 100 Flat dollar amount.... 89 90 90 88 Less than $5,000.... 4 1 2 5 $5,000 - $9,999..... 17 10 19 19 $10,000 - $14,999... 27 34 32 23 $15,000 - $19,999... 13 7 10 15 $20,000 - $24,999... 14 8 12 17 $25,000 - $29,999... 5 11 4 3 $30,000 - $49,999... 4 2 6 4 $50,000 - $99,999... 5 13 5 2 $100,000 and over... 1 5 1 1 Dollar amount varies by earnings........ 9 10 7 9 Dollar amount varies by service......... 2 (1) 3 2 Average2 Average flat dollar amount of basic life insurance $22,281 $42,766 $22,792 $16,560 1 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 105. Life insurance: Multiple of earnings benefit amounts, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Formula All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with multiple of earnings basic life insurance... 16,430 6,474 5,237 4,719 Percent Total with multiple of earnings formula....... 100 100 100 100 Flat multiple-of-earnin- gs(1).............. 99 100 99 99 Less than 1.0....... 4 3 5 3 1.0................. 55 49 58 61 1.1 - 1.9........... 13 14 11 13 2.0................. 20 22 20 16 2.1 - 2.9........... 4 6 3 2 3.0................. 3 3 2 3 Greater than 3.0.... 1 1 1 1 Multiple varies by earnings........... (2) (2) (2) (2) Multiple varies by service............ (2) (2) (2) (2) Average(3) Average flat multiple of earnings formula....... 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1 Includes participants in plans in which insurance equaled a multiple of earnings, plus or minus a specified amount. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. 3 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 106. Life insurance: Maximum benefits placed on multiple of earnings formulas, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Maximum All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with multiple of earnings formula................ 16,430 6,474 5,237 4,719 Percent Total with multiple of earnings formula....... 100 100 100 100 With maximum benefit amount............... 57 58 55 57 Less than $50,000..... 1 2 2 1 $50,000 - $99,999..... 16 16 16 19 $100,000.............. 6 5 5 8 $100,001 - $249,999... 7 8 7 7 $250,000 - $499,999... 12 16 11 10 $500,000.............. 7 6 6 9 $500,001 - $999,999... 2 1 3 2 $1,000,000 or more.... 4 4 6 2 No maximum specified.... 39 38 41 38 Not determinable........ 4 4 4 4 Average(1) Average maximum........... $317,829 $317,074 $372,990 $259,684 1 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 107. Life insurance: Minimum benefits placed on multiple of earnings formulas, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1994 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Minimum All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with multiple of earnings formula................ 16,430 6,474 5,237 4,719 Percent Total with multiple of earnings formula....... 100 100 100 100 With minimum benefit amount............... 8 8 8 10 Less than $5,000...... (1) (1) (1) (1) $5,000 - $9,999....... 1 2 1 (1) $10,000 - $14,999..... 5 3 5 9 $15,000 and over...... 2 3 2 1 No minimum specified.... 92 92 92 90 Not determinable........ (1) (1) - - Average(2) Average minimum........... $14,127 $16,295 $14,210 $11,744 1 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 108. Life insurance: Retiree coverage, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Coverage All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with basic life insurance... 29,078 8,721 7,227 13,130 Percent Total with basic life insurance.............. 100 100 100 100 With retiree coverage.. 37 39 40 34 Employer paid........ 28 27 28 28 Jointly paid......... 2 2 2 2 Retiree paid......... 7 10 9 4 No retiree coverage.... 53 51 52 56 Not determinable....... 10 10 8 11 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 109. Life insurance: Reductions in benefits for retirees, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Reduction policy All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with basic life insurance... 29,078 8,721 7,227 13,130 Percent Total with basic life insurance.............. 100 100 100 100 With retiree coverage.. 37 39 40 34 No reductions........ 5 6 5 4 With reductions Reduced once...... 19 20 17 20 Reduced more than once........... 10 10 15 7 Not determinable....... 3 2 2 3 No retiree coverage.... 53 51 52 56 Not determinable....... 3 2 2 3 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 110. Life insurance: Supplemental coverage, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Coverage All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with basic life insurance... 29,078 8,721 7,227 13,130 Percent Total with basic life insurance.............. 100 100 100 100 With supplemental coverage 59 71 67 47 Employee paid........... 47 53 52 40 Jointly paid............ 2 2 2 2 Flexible benefits....... 10 16 13 4 No supplemental coverage.. 33 25 28 42 Not determinable.......... 8 4 5 12 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 111. Life insurance: Dependent coverage, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Coverage All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with basic life insurance... 29,078 8,721 7,227 13,130 Percent Total with basic life insurance.............. 100 100 100 100 With dependent coverage... 52 57 61 44 Employer paid........... 6 5 6 7 Employee paid........... 34 37 41 29 Jointly paid............ 2 1 2 3 Flexible benefits....... 10 14 13 5 No dependent coverage..... 40 36 34 45 Not determinable.......... 8 6 5 11 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 112. Life insurance: Eligibility requirement, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Length-of-service All techni- and sales and requirement employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with basic life insurance... 29,078 8,721 7,227 13,130 Percent Total with basic life insurance.............. 100 100 100 100 With service requirement.. 60 48 61 68 1 month................. 20 23 18 19 2 months................ 5 2 4 7 3 months................ 25 16 31 28 4 - 5 months............ 1 1 (1) 2 6 months................ 5 4 5 5 7 - 11 months........... 2 (1) (1) 4 12 months............... 2 2 1 2 Greater than 12 months.. (1) (1) (1) 1 No service requirement.... 35 48 35 26 Not determinable.......... 5 4 4 7 Average(2) Average service requirement (in months) 3.2 2.8 2.9 3.5 1 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 113. Defined benefit plans: Summary of plan provisions, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Provision All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with defined benefit plan... 17,417 4,987 4,450 7,979 Percent Total with defined benefit plan................... 100 100 100 100 Basic provisions Employee contribution required............. 3 3 2 3 Benefits based on earnings............. 70 84 76 57 Benefits integrated with Social Security...... 51 58 58 42 Benefits subject to maximum(1)........... 35 40 42 27 Early retirement benefits available... 96 97 95 96 Disability retirement benefits available... 73 64 70 81 Portability provisions.. 8 3 9 9 Availability of lump sum benefits at retirement........... 15 14 22 12 Other provisions Normal retirement supplement available. 3 3 1 4 Early retirement supplement available. 8 10 4 9 Minimum benefits provision............ 4 3 5 3 Early retirement requires employer approval............. 3 4 3 2 Deferred vested benefits available prior to normal retirement age 93 92 95 92 Lump-sum postretirement survivor benefits.... 7 7 4 9 Lump-sum preretirement survivor benefits.... 2 1 2 3 Full pension restored if spouse predeceases retiree.............. 13 13 11 13 Survivor benefits for children............. 4 3 5 4 1 Provisions that restrict benefits, such as limits on the number of years of service included in benefit computations. NOTE: Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 114. Defined benefit plans: Primary formula and availability of alternative formula, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Benefit All techni- and sales and formula(1) employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with defined benefit plan... 17,417 4,987 4,450 7,979 Percent Total with defined benefit plan................... 100 100 100 100 Percent of terminal earnings............. 58 71 67 46 With alternative formula............ 18 24 17 15 Percent of career earnings............. 11 13 9 11 With alternative formula............ 5 5 4 5 Dollar amount formula... 23 10 14 37 With alternative formula............ (2) (2) 1 (2) Percent of contribution formula.............. 2 (2) 1 4 With alternative formula............ (2) - (2) (2) Cash account............ 3 4 5 2 With alternative formula............ (2) (2) (2) (2) Other................... 2 1 4 1 1 Alternative formulas are generally designed to provide a minimum benefit for employees with short service or low earnings. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 115. Defined benefit plans: Terminal earnings formula, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Item All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with terminal earnings formula................ 10,186 3,559 2,988 3,639 Percent Total with terminal earnings formula....... 100 100 100 100 Flat percent per year of service.............. 37 38 29 43 Less than 1.00 percent 2 1 2 5 1.00 - 1.24 percent... 10 10 6 12 1.25 - 1.49 percent... 5 4 6 5 1.50 - 1.74 percent... 13 16 9 13 1.75 - 1.99 percent... 3 4 2 4 2.00 - 2.24 percent... 4 3 5 5 2.25 percent or greater............ - - - - Percent per year varies. 62 62 71 57 By service............ 8 8 14 4 By earnings........... 41 42 46 36 By age................ (1) (1) (1) (1) By earnings and service............ 13 12 10 17 Other................... (1) 1 (1) - Average(2) Average flat percent per year of service........ 1.45 1.48 1.49 1.39 1 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 116. Defined benefit plans: Definition of terminal earnings, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- Definition sional, Clerical collar of All techni- and sales and earnings employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with terminal earnings formula................ 10,186 3,559 2,988 3,639 Percent Total with terminal earnings formula....... 100 100 100 100 One year................ 2 2 1 2 Three years............. 17 25 9 17 Last 3................ (1) (1) (1) (1) High 3................ 5 7 2 6 Of last 10.......... 2 3 1 1 Of career........... 3 4 1 5 Of other time period (1) (1) (1) (1) High consecutive 3.... 12 18 7 11 Of last 10.......... 6 10 3 5 Of career........... 4 5 3 5 Of other time period 1 3 (1) 1 Five years.............. 78 70 89 77 Last 5................ 3 1 3 4 High 5................ 11 10 9 14 Of last 10.......... 6 7 4 8 Of career........... 4 2 4 6 Of other time period 1 1 1 (1) High consecutive 5.... 64 59 77 59 Of last 10.......... 48 45 62 40 Of career........... 15 13 13 17 Of other time period 1 1 1 1 Other period(2)......... 3 3 1 5 1 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 Formulas based on earnings during period other than 3 or 5 years' service, or period not immediately before retirement (for example, first 5 of last 10 years' service). NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 117. Defined benefit plans: Types of earnings included in earnings-based formulas, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- Definition sional, Clerical collar of All techni- and sales and earnings employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with earnings-based formula. 12,113 4,196 3,393 4,525 Percent Total with earnings-based formula................ 100 100 100 100 Straight-time earnings only................. 62 64 66 59 Straight-time earnings plus other earnings.. 38 37 35 41 Overtime.............. 32 32 29 35 Shift differentials... 24 28 18 26 Commissions........... 18 17 16 21 Other................. 10 9 9 12 NOTE: Sums of individual items may be greater than totals because more than one type of earnings may be included in this definition. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 118. Defined benefit plans: Dollar amount formula, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Blue- All collar Item employees and service employees Number (in thousands) with dollar amount formula.. 4,049 2,953 Percent Total with dollar amount formula................ 100 100 Flat monthly amount per year of service...... 94 96 Less than $5.00....... 4 5 $5.00 - $9.99......... 2 3 $10.00 - $14.99....... 4 5 $15.00 - $19.99....... 9 7 $20.00 - $24.99....... 15 19 $25.00 - $29.99....... 9 11 $30.00 - $34.99....... 23 23 $35.00 - $39.99....... 19 16 $40.00 or more........ 9 9 Dollar amount varies.... 6 4 By service............ 6 4 Average(1) Average flat dollar amount per year of service.... $28.47 $27.47 1 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Data were insufficient to show professional, technical, and related employees and clerical and sales employees separately. Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 119. Defined benefit plans: Integration with Social Security, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- Intregration sional, Clerical collar with Social All techni- and sales and Security employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with defined benefit pension 17,417 4,987 4,450 7,979 Percent Total with defined benefit pension................ 100 100 100 100 With integrated formula. 51 58 58 42 Step-rate excess(1)... 37 42 42 30 Social Security breakpoint....... 33 36 39 27 Dollar amount breakpoint....... 4 5 3 4 Offset by Social Security(2)........ 14 16 16 12 Without integrated formula.............. 49 42 42 58 1 Formula applies lower benefit rate to earnings subject to FICA (Social Security) taxes or below a specific dollar breakpoint. 2 Benefit as calculated by formula is reduced by portion of primary Social Security payments, for example, 50 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates that no data were reported. Table 120. Defined benefit plans: Maximum benefit provisions,(1) full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Maximum All techni- and sales and benefit employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with defined benefit plan... 17,417 4,987 4,450 7,979 Percent Total with defined benefit plan................... 100 100 100 100 Subject to maximum...... 35 40 42 27 Limit on years of credited service... 33 38 41 26 Less than 30........ 5 8 4 3 30.................. 7 6 7 8 31 - 34............. 1 2 (2) (2) 35.................. 16 18 22 11 36 - 39............. (2) - (2) (2) 40.................. 4 4 7 2 Greater than 40..... 1 (2) (2) 1 Other maximum(3)...... 1 2 2 1 Not subject to maximum.. 65 60 58 73 Average(4) Average credited service maximum (in years)..... 33.1 32.6 34.0 32.9 1 These maximum provisions are independent of Internal Revenue Code ceilings on pensions payable from defined benefit plans. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. 3 The benefit yielded under the formula is limited to a percent of terminal earnings or to a flat dollar amount. 4 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Sums of individual items may not equal totals because some benefit formulas contain a limit on years of credited service and another maximum provision. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 121. Defined benefit plans: Availability of lump sum benefits at retirement, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Option All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with defined benefit plan... 17,417 4,987 4,450 7,979 Percent Total with defined benefit plan................... 100 100 100 100 With lump sum available. 15 14 22 12 Full lump sum available.......... 15 14 22 10 Limited to specified amount........... 5 5 8 3 No limit............ 10 9 14 8 Partial lump sum with reduced annuity.... 1 (1) (1) 1 Other................. (1) (1) (1) - No lump sum available... 85 86 78 88 1 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 122. Defined benefit plans: Postretirement survivor benefits, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- Survivor sional, Clerical collar benefit All techni- and sales and provisions employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with defined benefit plan... 17,417 4,987 4,450 7,979 Percent Total with defined benefit plan................... 100 100 100 100 With postretirement survivor benefits.... 100 100 100 100 Joint and survivor annuity(1)......... 98 98 99 98 50 percent only..... 30 26 31 31 51 - 99 percent only 2 1 1 4 100 percent only.... (2) (2) (2) 1 Retiree choice of percentages...... 66 70 66 63 Highest: 50 percent...... (2) - (2) (2) 51 - 99 percent. 4 2 4 4 100 percent..... 62 67 63 58 Percent of unreduced accrued benefits... 2 2 1 2 1 An annuity that provides income during the lifetime of both the retiree and the surviving spouse. The accrued pension will usually be actuarially reduced at retirement because of the longer time that payments are expected to be made. Employees and their spouses are required to waive the spouse annuity in writing if they desire a pension during the employee's lifetime only or another option offered by the plan, such as guarantee of payment for a specified period. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 123. Defined benefit plans: Preretirement survivor benefits, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- Survivor sional, Clerical collar benefit All techni- and sales and provisions employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with defined benefit plan... 17,417 4,987 4,450 7,979 Percent Total with defined benefit plan................... 100 100 100 100 With preretirement survivor benefits(1). 98 99 96 98 Equivalent to joint-and-survivor annuity(2)......... 96 96 95 96 50 percent of employee's pension.......... 82 81 80 85 With additional employee cost(3)........ 6 8 6 6 Other percent of employee's pension(4)....... 4 5 3 5 With additional employee cost(3)........ 1 1 (5) 2 Employee choice of percent(6)....... 9 10 12 7 With additional employee cost(3)........ 1 3 (5) (5) Percent of accrued benefits........... 2 3 1 2 Other(7).............. (5) (5) (5) - No preretirement survivor benefits.... 2 1 4 2 1 Survivor annuity is based upon the benefit the employee would have received if retirement had occurred on the date of death. 2 The spouse annuity is computed as if the employee had retired with a joint-and-survivor annuity. That is, the accrued pension is first reduced because of the longer time that payments were expected to be made to both the retiree and the surviving spouse. The spouse's share is then the specified percent of the reduced amount. 3 Plan reduces the accrued employee pension benefit for each year survivor protection is in force. 4 Other percentages range from 51 - 100 percent of retiree's pension. 5 Less than 0.5 percent. 6 Alternative percentages were usually 50 or 100 percent. 7 Includes annuity based on a dollar amount formula or percent of earnings. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 124. Defined benefit plans: Requirements for normal retirement, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- Requirements sional, Clerical collar for normal All techni- and sales and retirement(1) employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with defined benefit plan... 17,417 4,987 4,450 7,979 Percent Total with defined benefit plan................... 100 100 100 100 No age requirement...... 6 4 5 6 30 years of service... 5 4 5 6 35 years of service... (2) (2) (2) (2) At age 55............... 4 4 5 4 No service requirement (2) (2) - 1 5 years of service.... (2) (2) 1 (2) 20 years of service... (2) (2) 1 (2) 21 - 24 years of service............ (2) (2) (2) (2) 25 years of service... (2) (2) (2) (2) 30 years of service... 3 4 3 2 More than 30 years of service............ (2) - (2) (2) At age 56 - 59.......... (2) (2) (2) 1 20 years of service... (2) (2) (2) - 30 years of service... (2) - - 1 At age 60............... 8 10 8 6 No service requirement 1 1 2 1 5 years of service.... 1 (2) 1 1 10 years of service... 3 5 3 3 15 years of service... (2) (2) (2) (2) 20 years of service... (2) (2) (2) (2) 25 years of service... (2) (2) (2) (2) 30 years of service... 2 3 2 1 More than 30 years of service............ (2) (2) (2) (2) At age 61............... (2) - - (2) 15 years of service... (2) - - (2) At age 62............... 26 19 22 32 No service requirement 3 4 2 4 5 years of service.... 4 5 4 4 6 - 9 years of service (2) (2) (2) - 10 years of service... 9 6 4 13 15 years of service... 3 3 3 3 20 years of service... 4 1 7 3 25 years of service... 1 (2) 1 1 26 - 29 years of service............ (2) - - 1 30 years of service... 2 (2) 1 3 More than 30 years of service............ (2) (2) (2) - At age 63 - 64.......... (2) - 1 (2) No service requirement (2) - 1 (2) At age 65............... 48 53 51 43 No service requirement 36 39 39 32 1 - 4 years of service (2) 1 1 (2) 5 years of service.... 9 11 9 8 10 years of service... 2 2 1 2 15 years of service... (2) (2) - (2) 25 years of service... (2) - (2) 1 30 years of service... (2) (2) (2) (2) Sum of age plus service(3)........... 9 10 8 8 Equals less than 80... 1 1 1 1 Equals 80............. 1 1 1 (2) Equals 81 - 89........ 6 7 4 6 Equals 90............. 1 (2) 1 1 Equals more than 90... (2) (2) (2) - 1 Normal retirement is defined as the point at which the participant could retire and immediately receive all accrued benefits by virtue of service and earnings, without reduction due to age. If a plan had alternative age and service requirements, the earliest age and associated service were tabulated; if one alternative did not specify an age, it was the requirement tabulated. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. 3 In some plans, participants must also satisfy a minimum age or service requirement. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 125. Defined benefit plans: Requirements for early retirement, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- Requirements sional, Clerical collar for early All techni- and sales and retirement(1) employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with defined benefit plan... 17,417 4,987 4,450 7,979 Percent Total with defined benefit plan................... 100 100 100 100 With early retirement available............ 96 97 95 96 No age requirement(2). 7 7 4 9 Less than 20 years of service....... (3) (3) (3) (3) 20 - 29 years of service.......... 1 2 (3) 1 30 years of service. 6 4 4 9 Less than age 55...... 9 8 13 8 No service requirement(2)... (3) (3) (3) (3) 5 years of service.. 3 1 6 3 6 - 9 years of service.......... (3) (3) - (3) 10 years of service. 2 1 2 2 15 years of service. 1 1 1 1 20 years of service. (3) (3) (3) (3) 25 years of service. 3 4 4 2 At age 55............. 67 70 69 65 No service requirement(2)... 4 6 3 4 1 - 4 years of service.......... (3) (3) (3) (3) 5 years of service.. 21 23 27 16 6 - 9 years of service.......... (3) (3) (3) (3) 10 years of service. 31 29 25 35 11 - 14 years of service.......... (3) (3) (3) - 15 years of service. 9 10 12 8 20 years of service. 1 1 2 (3) 25 years of service. 1 (3) 1 1 Between ages 56 - 59.. 1 3 1 (3) 10 years of service. (3) (3) (3) - 30 years of service. 1 2 (3) (3) At age 60............. 6 3 4 10 No service requirement(2)... (3) (3) (3) (3) 5 years of service.. 2 2 1 2 10 years of service. 1 (3) 1 2 15 years of service. 2 1 1 3 20 years of service. (3) (3) (3) (3) 30 years of service. 1 (3) 1 2 At age 62............. 1 1 1 1 10 years of service. (3) (3) (3) 1 15 years of service. 1 1 1 (3) Sum of age plus service(4)......... 4 6 2 3 Equals less than 80. 3 5 2 3 Equals 80........... (3) 1 (3) (3) Equals 81 - 89...... (3) (3) (3) (3) Early retirement not available............ 4 3 5 4 1 Early retirement is defined as the point at which a worker could retire and immediately receive accrued benefits based on service and earnings but reduced for each year prior to normal retirement age. If a plan had alternative age and service requirements, the earliest age and associated service were tabulated; if one alternative did not specify an age, it was the requirement tabulated. 2 Where no service requirement is specified for early retirement, the service required for full vesting, usually 5 years, applies. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. 4 In most plans, participants must satisfy a minimum age or service requirement. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 126. Defined benefit plans: Early retirement reduction, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- Early sional, Clerical collar retirement All techni- and sales and reduction(1) employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with early retirement available.............. 16,738 4,837 4,214 7,687 Percent Total with early retirement available... 100 100 100 100 Uniform percentage reduction(2)......... 40 41 32 43 Less than 3.0......... 4 6 3 3 3.0................... 3 4 3 3 3.1 - 3.9............. 1 1 1 2 4.0................... 4 6 4 3 4.1 - 4.9............. 2 (3) 1 3 5.0................... 7 7 6 7 5.1 - 5.9............. (3) - 1 (3) 6.0................... 14 11 12 16 6.1 - 6.9............. 2 1 2 3 7.0................... 1 1 - 1 Greater than 7.0...... 2 4 (3) 1 Reduction varies........ 60 59 67 57 By service............ 3 4 4 3 By age................ 57 55 63 54 Other reduction(4)...... (3) (3) (3) (3) Average(5) Average uniform reduction percentage............. 5.0 4.8 4.9 5.1 1 Reduction for each year prior to normal retirement. 2 In specific cases, uniform percentage reductions may approximate actuarial reductions, such as early retirement at age 55 with a reduction of 6 percent per year between age 55 and the plan's normal retirement age of 62. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. 4 Reduced amount was not derived from normal retirement formula. 5 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 127. Defined benefit plans: Method of calculating disability retirement benefits, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Benefit All techni- and sales and provisions employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with defined benefit plan... 17,417 4,987 4,450 7,979 Percent Total with defined benefit plan................... 100 100 100 100 With disability retirement available. 73 64 70 81 Immediate disability retirement(1)...... 45 34 36 57 Unreduced normal benefits(2)...... 29 22 26 35 Reduced normal benefits(3)...... 12 10 8 16 Other than normal benefits(4)...... 3 1 2 5 Not deteminable..... (5) (5) (5) (5) Deferred disability retirement......... 28 31 34 24 With benefits based on: Service when disabled....... 4 4 3 4 Service to retirement age. 24 26 30 20 Other............. (5) (5) 1 (5) Not determinable.. (5) (5) (5) (5) Disability retirement not available........ 27 36 30 19 1 Immediate disability pensions may be supplemented by additional allowances until an employee reaches a specified age or becomes eligible for Social Security. 2 The disabled worker's pension is computed under the plan's normal benefit formula and is paid as if retirement had occurred on the plan's normal retirement date, either based on years of service actually completed or projected to a later date. 3 The disabled worker's pension is computed under plan's normal benefit formula, based on years of service actually completed, and then reduced for early receipt. 4 The disabled worker's benefit is not computed by the plan's normal benefit formula. The methods used include flat amount benefits, dollar amount formulas, percent of unreduced normal benefits less Social Security, and percent of earnings formula both with and without Social Security offsets. 5 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 128. Defined benefit plans: Requirements for disability retirement, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- Requirements for sional, Clerical collar disability All techni- and sales and retirement(1) employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with defined benefit plan... 17,417 4,987 4,450 7,979 Percent Total with defined benefit plan................... 100 100 100 100 With disability retirement available. 73 64 70 81 No minimum requirements....... 11 9 12 12 No age requirement.... 28 21 22 36 Less than 5 years of service.......... (2) (2) (2) (2) 5 years of service.. 1 1 (2) 2 6 - 9 years of service.......... (2) - - (2) 10 years of service. 16 13 12 21 11 - 14 years of service.......... (2) - (2) 1 15 years of service. 10 8 9 12 Greater than 15 years of service. (2) (2) 1 - Less than age 40...... 1 (2) 1 1 No service requirement...... (2) (2) (2) (2) Less than 10 years of service....... (2) (2) (2) (2) 10 years of service. (2) (2) (2) - Ages 40 - 49.......... 1 2 1 1 10 years of service. 1 2 1 1 Greater than 10 years of service. (2) (2) (2) (2) Age 50 or more........ 7 7 4 8 No service requirement...... (2) (2) (2) (2) Less than 10 years of service....... 2 1 1 2 10 years of service. 3 3 2 3 Greater than 10 years of service. 2 2 1 2 Sum of age plus service............ 1 (2) 1 1 Receipt of long-term disability insurance benefits. 17 19 24 12 Minimum vesting requirement(3)..... 7 5 4 10 Disability retirement not available........ 27 36 30 19 1 If a plan had alternative age and service requirements, the earliest age and associated service were tabulated; if one alternative did not specify an age, it was the requirement tabulated. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. 3 An employee may be entitled to pension benefits after satisfying vesting service requirements, usually 5 years. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 129. Defined benefit plans: Vesting requirements, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Vesting All techni- and sales and requirements employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with defined benefit plan... 17,417 4,987 4,450 7,979 Percent Total with defined benefit plan................... 100 100 100 100 Immediate full vesting.. 1 2 (1) 1 Cliff vesting(2)........ 96 95 95 97 With full vesting: At any age.......... 93 93 91 94 Less than 5 years. (1) 1 (1) (1) 5 years........... 87 91 86 84 6 - 9 years....... (1) (1) (1) - 10 years.......... 6 2 4 10 After specified age(3)........... 3 2 3 3 5 years........... 3 2 3 3 Graduated vesting(4).... 3 3 5 2 With full vesting after: Less than 7 years... 1 1 2 1 7 years............. 1 1 3 1 More than 7 years... (1) 1 - - 1 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 Under a cliff vesting schedule, an employee is not entitled to any benefits accrued under a pension plan until satisfying the requirement for 100-percent vesting (usually after 5 years). 3 Sponsors may exclude years of service completed before age 18 from counting towards satisfaction of minimum vesting standards. 4 Graduated vesting schedules give an employee rights to a gradually increasing share of pension benefits determined by years of service, eventually reaching 100-percent vesting status (usually after 7 years). NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 130. Defined benefit plans: Provisions for early receipt of deferred vested benefits, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- Receipt of sional, Clerical collar deferred vested All techni- and sales and benefits employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with defined benefit plan... 17,417 4,987 4,450 7,979 Percent Total with defined benefit plan................... 100 100 100 100 Deferred vested benefits available prior to normal retirement age 93 92 95 92 Reduced same as early retirement......... 60 56 66 59 Other reduction....... 33 36 29 33 Actuarial reduction. 23 22 24 23 Uniform percent reduction........ 7 10 4 7 Other............... 3 4 1 2 Deferred vested benefits not available prior to normal retirement age.................. 7 8 5 8 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 131. Defined benefit plans: Portability provisions, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Portability All techni- and sales and provisions employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with defined benefit plan... 17,417 4,987 4,450 7,979 Percent Total with defined benefit plan................... 100 100 100 100 With portability provisions........... 8 3 9 9 Transfer of service credits............ 2 1 4 2 Transfer of assets.... (1) 1 (1) (1) Transfer of service credits and assets. (1) (1) (1) - Lump sum over $3,500 paid out to separated employee. (1) (1) (1) - Multi-employer plans.. 5 2 4 7 Reciprocity with other plans/jurisdicti- ons.............. 3 1 3 3 Contribution sent to home fund... 1 (1) 1 1 Pro rata pension paid by several funds.......... 2 1 2 2 Other............. (1) - - (1) No reciprocity...... 2 (1) 1 4 Other................. (1) (1) (1) (1) No portability provisions........... 92 97 91 91 1 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 132. Defined benefit plans: Postretirement pension increases, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Item All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with defined benefit plan... 17,417 4,987 4,450 7,979 Percent Total with defined benefit plan................... 100 100 100 100 With postretirement increase available(1) 7 6 6 8 Automatic cost-of-living increase........... 3 4 4 3 Discretionary increase granted to retirees in the last 5 years 4 2 2 5 No postretirement increase............. 93 94 94 92 1 Total may exceed sum of individual items because employees may be covered by more than one type of postretirement increase. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 133. Defined benefit plans: Employee contribution requirements, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Employee All techni- and sales and contributions employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with defined benefit plan... 17,417 4,987 4,450 7,979 Percent Total with defined benefit plan................... 100 100 100 100 Employee contribution required............. 3 3 2 3 Pretax contribution allowed............ 1 2 (1) (1) Pretax contribution not allowed........ 2 2 1 3 No employee contribution required............. 97 97 98 97 1 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 134. Defined benefit plans: Eligibility requirements, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Eligibility All techni- and sales and requirements(1) employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with defined benefit plan... 17,417 4,987 4,450 7,979 Percent Total with defined benefit plan................... 100 100 100 100 Plan participation available to new employees............ 100 100 100 99 With minimum age and/or service requirement........ 69 66 82 62 Service requirement only............. 27 22 25 30 3 months and less. 1 1 3 1 4 - 5 months...... 2 (2) 1 3 6 months.......... 1 1 2 1 1 year............ 21 18 18 24 13 - 23 months.... (2) (2) (2) (2) 2 years........... 1 2 1 1 Age 20 or less...... 3 3 3 2 No service requirement.... 1 2 1 1 1 - 11 months..... (2) (2) - (2) 1 year............ 1 1 1 (2) Over 1 year....... (2) - 1 (2) Age 21(3)........... 39 40 53 30 No service requirement.... 2 4 1 2 1 - 11 months..... 2 3 1 3 1 year............ 34 34 51 26 Over 1 year....... (2) (2) (2) - Age 22 and over..... 1 (2) 1 (2) 1 year............ 1 (2) 1 (2) No minimum age or service requirement 31 33 18 37 Plan participation not available to new employees............ (2) (2) - 1 Average(4) Average service requirement (in months) 11.6 11.9 11.6 11.5 1 Excludes administrative time lags. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. 3 The Internal Revenue Code requires that nearly all plans must allow participation to full-time employees who have reached the age of 21 who have completed one year of service. Plans that provide immediate vesting of accrued benefits may require up to three years. Church plans are exempt from the Internal Revenue Code. 4 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 135. Savings and thrift plans: Summary of provisions, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Item All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with savings and thrift plans.................. 13,562 4,702 3,788 5,072 Percent Total with savings and thrift plans........... 100 100 100 100 Pre-tax contributions allowed(1)........... 90 92 89 91 Transfer/rollover contributions allowed 37 43 42 28 Employee choice of investments for employee contributions........ 74 79 77 68 Employee choice of investments for employer contributions........ 58 64 56 53 Immediate full vesting.. 33 33 31 33 Loans permitted......... 44 46 48 40 Withdrawals permitted... 43 46 50 35 1 Participants in savings and thrift plans usually are allowed to make pretax contributions. In the 1995 survey, provisions governing pretax contributions were not determinable for about one-tenth of the employees with savings and thrift plans. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 136. Savings and thrift plans: Transfer and rollover provisions,(1) full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Item All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with savings and thrift plans.................. 13,562 4,702 3,788 5,072 Percent Total with savings and thrift plans........... 100 100 100 100 Transfers/rollovers allowed.............. 37 43 42 28 Transfers/rollovers not allowed.............. 48 45 44 54 Not determinable........ 15 13 13 17 1 Relates to the allowance of transfers/rollovers of contributions and earnings from the previous employer's plan. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 137. Savings and thrift plans: Maximum employee contributions,(1) full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Maximum employee All techni- and and contributions employees cal, and sales service related employees employees employees Number (in thousands) with savings and thrift plans.................. 13,562 4,702 3,788 5,072 Percent Total with savings and thrift plans........... 100 100 100 100 Percent of employee earnings............. 83 84 85 80 5 percent or less..... 2 1 2 3 6 percent............. 2 2 3 1 7 percent............. (2) (2) (2) (2) 8 percent............. 2 3 1 1 9 percent............. 1 1 1 1 10 percent............ 10 5 10 14 11 percent............ (2) (2) (2) (2) 12 percent............ 10 10 6 12 13 percent............ 1 2 1 1 14 percent............ 2 1 1 2 15 percent............ 21 19 26 18 16 percent............ 18 18 21 15 17 percent............ 3 3 3 4 17.01 - 17.99 percent. (2) (2) (2) (2) 18 percent............ 4 5 4 3 18.01 - 18.99 percent. (2) (2) - (2) 19 percent............ (2) (2) (2) (2) 20 percent............ 5 7 4 4 20.01 - 24.99 percent. (2) (2) (2) (2) 25 percent or more.... 1 4 (2) (2) Specified dollar amount. 1 (2) (2) 1 Up to the Internal Revenue Code limit... 14 14 11 16 Not determinable........ 3 2 4 3 Average(3) Average maximum contribution (percent of earnings)........... 14.3 15.2 14.2 13.6 1 Includes contributions that are not matched by the employer. If maximum contributions vary, such as by length of service, the highest possible contribution was tabulated. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. 3 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 138. Savings and thrift plans: Method of determining pretax contribution, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Pretax contributions All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with savings and thrift plans.................. 13,562 4,702 3,788 5,072 Percent Total with savings and thrift plans........... 100 100 100 100 Pretax contributions allowed.............. 90 92 89 91 All contributions must be pretax.......... 52 48 50 58 All contributions may be pretax.......... 26 31 23 24 Contributions up to specified percent may be pretax...... 6 9 5 4 Initial contributions must be pretax; additional contributions can not be pretax...... 5 2 10 4 Initial contributions must be pretax; all additional contributions may be pretax.......... 1 1 1 1 Initial contributions must be pretax; additional contributions up to a specified percent may be pretax...... (1) (1) (1) (1) Other................. (1) - (1) - No pretax contributions allowed.............. 1 (1) 2 (1) Not determinable........ 9 8 10 9 1 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 139. Savings and thrift plans: Maximum pretax employee contributions,(1) full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Maximum pretax All techni- and sales and contributions employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with savings and thrift plans that allow pretax contributions.......... 12,267 4,303 3,359 4,605 Percent Total with savings and thrift plans that allow pretax contributions... 100 100 100 100 Percent of employee earnings............. 84 85 86 81 5 percent or less..... 3 2 2 3 6 percent............. 4 3 10 2 7 percent............. (2) 1 1 (2) 8 percent............. 4 5 5 3 9 percent............. 1 1 1 1 9.01 - 9.99 percent... (2) (2) (2) (2) 10 percent............ 12 8 12 16 11 percent............ (2) (2) (2) (2) 12 percent............ 10 11 5 13 13 percent............ 2 2 1 2 14 percent............ 2 2 1 3 15 percent............ 22 19 28 20 16 percent............ 14 16 12 13 17 percent............ (2) (2) 1 (2) 17.01 - 17.99 percent. (2) (2) (2) (2) 18 percent............ 3 5 3 2 18.01 - 18.99 percent. (2) (2) - (2) 19 percent............ (2) (2) (2) (2) 20 percent............ 5 10 3 2 25 percent or more.... (2) (2) (2) (2) Specified dollar amount. 1 (2) (2) 1 Up to the Internal Revenue Code limit... 15 15 11 18 Not determinable........ 1 (2) 2 (2) Average(3) Average maximum pretax contribution (percent of earnings............ 13.2 14.0 12.6 12.9 1 Includes contributions that are not matched by the employer. If maximum contributions vary, such as by length of service, the highest possible contribution was tabulated. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. 3 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 140. Savings and thrift plans: Methods of employer matching contributions, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Employer matching rates All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with savings and thrift plans.................. 13,562 4,702 3,788 5,072 Percent Total with savings and thrift plans........... 100 100 100 100 Specified matching percent(1)........... 84 81 84 88 Varies by service....... 4 7 4 3 Varies by amount of contribution......... 9 10 9 7 Varies by investment choice............... 1 (2) (2) 1 Varies by profit level.. 2 2 3 1 1 These are plans where the employer matches a specified percent of employee contributions. For example, the employer matches 50 percent of employee earnings up to 6 percent. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 141. Savings and thrift plans: Employee contributions by employer specified matching percentage, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Specified matching percentage Employee contribution(1) Total(2) 1 - 49 50 51 - 99 100 percent percent percent percent Percent All employees Total................... 100 22 45 14 17 Up to the first: 0.01 - 2.00 percent. 6 1 3 (3) 2 2.01 - 3.00 percent. 13 2 4 (3) 6 3.01 - 4.00 percent. 11 5 4 (3) 2 4.01 - 5.00 percent. 10 3 3 2 2 5.01 - 6.00 percent. 47 8 27 8 4 6.01 - 7.00 percent. 1 - (3) (3) (3) 7.01 - 8.00 percent. 7 1 3 3 (3) 8.01 - 9.00 percent. (3) - (3) - (3) 9.01 - 10.00 percent 3 1 1 1 (3) 11.01 - 12.00 percent.......... (3) - (3) - - Greater than 12 percent.......... 1 1 (3) - - Professional, technical, and related Total................... 100 18 47 16 16 Up to the first: 0.01 - 2.00 percent. 4 1 1 (3) 2 2.01 - 3.00 percent. 15 2 5 (3) 6 3.01 - 4.00 percent. 8 2 3 (3) 2 4.01 - 5.00 percent. 10 2 3 2 2 5.01 - 6.00 percent. 46 9 27 7 2 6.01 - 7.00 percent. 1 - 1 (3) (3) 7.01 - 8.00 percent. 12 (3) 6 5 (3) 8.01 - 9.00 percent. (3) - (3) - (3) 9.01 - 10.00 percent 2 (3) 1 1 (3) 11.01 - 12.00 percent.......... (3) - (3) - - Greater than 12 percent.......... 1 1 - - - Clerical and sales Total................... 100 19 42 14 24 Up to the first: 0.01 - 2.00 percent. 5 (3) 2 (3) 3 2.01 - 3.00 percent. 12 3 3 (3) 6 3.01 - 4.00 percent. 10 4 3 (3) 3 4.01 - 5.00 percent. 11 4 3 1 2 5.01 - 6.00 percent. 54 6 28 10 9 6.01 - 7.00 percent. 1 - (3) (3) (3) 7.01 - 8.00 percent. 3 1 1 1 (3) 8.01 - 9.00 percent. (3) - (3) - (3) 9.01 - 10.00 percent 3 1 1 1 (3) Greater than 12 percent.......... (3) (3) - - - Blue-collar and service Total................... 100 28 47 13 12 Up to the first: 0.01 - 2.00 percent. 8 1 5 (3) 2 2.01 - 3.00 percent. 13 3 3 (3) 6 3.01 - 4.00 percent. 14 8 5 (3) 1 4.01 - 5.00 percent. 9 2 4 2 1 5.01 - 6.00 percent. 43 8 27 6 2 6.01 - 7.00 percent. (3) - (3) (3) (3) 7.01 - 8.00 percent. 6 3 2 2 - 8.01 - 9.00 percent. (3) - (3) - (3) 9.01 - 10.00 percent 4 3 (3) 1 (3) Greater than 12 percent.......... 1 1 (3) - - 1 Employee may contribute a percent of salary up to a specified maximum; ceilings on contributions to be matched by employers generally are lower. 2 Total includes workers with an employer matching percentage of greater than 100 percent, but those matching percentages are not presented separately. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 142. Savings and thrift plans: Discretionary profit-sharing contributions,(1) full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Item All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with savings and thrift plans.................. 13,562 4,702 3,788 5,072 Percent Total with savings and thrift plans........... 100 100 100 100 With discretionary profit-sharing contributions........ 13 11 15 14 No discretionary profit-sharing contributions........ 77 79 77 75 Not determinable........ 10 10 8 11 1 Employer contributions in addition to matching funds, provided at employer discretion based on profitability. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 143. Savings and thrift plans: Investment choices, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Professional, Clerical and sales Blue-collar and All employees technical, and employees service employees related employees Investment choices Employee Employer Employee Employer Employee Employer Employee Employer contribu- contribu- contribu- contribu- contribu- contribu- contribu- contribu- tions tions tions tions tions tions tions tions Number (in thousands) with savings and thrift plans.................. 13,562 13,562 4,702 4,702 3,788 3,788 5,072 5,072 Percent Total with savings and thrift plans........... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Employee permitted to choose investments... 74 58 79 64 77 56 68 53 Two choices........... 3 3 2 2 3 3 5 5 Three choices......... 13 10 13 12 14 10 12 9 Four choices.......... 21 13 19 12 26 15 20 12 Five choices.......... 11 10 17 16 11 12 5 4 Six choices........... 5 4 4 3 6 5 5 5 Seven choices......... 5 5 6 6 5 3 5 5 Eight choices......... 7 7 7 7 4 4 11 11 Nine choices.......... (1) (1) 1 1 (1) (1) (1) (1) Ten choices........... 4 2 5 2 3 1 3 2 More than ten choices. 4 3 5 4 6 4 2 1 Employee not permitted to choose investments 7 24 5 19 6 27 10 25 Not determinable........ 18 18 16 16 17 17 22 22 1 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 144. Savings and thrift plans: Types of investments allowed in plans permitting employees to choose investments, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Professional, Clerical and sales Blue-collar and All employees technical, and employees service employees related employees Investment Employee Employer Employee Employer Employee Employer Employee Employer contribu- contribu- contribu- contribu- contribu- contribu- contribu- contribu- tions tions tions tions tions tions tions tions Number (in thousands) with savings and thrift plans.................. 13,562 13,562 4,702 4,702 3,788 3,788 5,072 5,072 Percent Total with savings and thrift plans........... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Total with employee investment choice allowed.............. 74 58 79 64 77 56 68 53 Company stock......... 40 27 42 29 40 25 39 27 Common stock fund..... 59 48 64 55 60 47 53 42 Long-term interest bearing securities. 48 36 54 43 50 36 40 31 Diversified stock and bond fund.......... 41 31 47 38 43 31 33 25 Government securities. 17 13 19 15 11 8 19 15 Guaranteed investment contracts.......... 25 20 24 21 22 16 28 23 Money market funds.... 30 25 34 29 22 18 32 28 Certificates of deposit............ 4 2 5 1 5 3 3 1 Other(1).............. 19 15 19 15 18 14 19 16 Deteriminable by trustee............ (2) - (2) - (2) - (2) - Not determinable...... 5 4 5 4 6 4 4 4 Investment choice not allowed.............. 7 24 5 19 6 27 10 25 Investment choice not determinable......... 18 18 16 16 17 17 22 22 1 Includes purchase of life insurance, annuities, real estate, mortgage, and deposits in credit unions or savings accounts. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Sums of individual items do not equal totals because employees are often offered a number of investment choices. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 145. Savings and thrift plans: Method of allocating contributions to investment options, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Professional, Clerical and sales Blue-collar and All employees technical, and employees service employees related employees Item Employee Employer Employee Employer Employee Employer Employee Employer contribu- contribu- contribu- contribu- contribu- contribu- contribu- contribu- tions tions tions tions tions tions tions tions Number (in thousands) with savings and thrift plans ................. 13,562 13,562 4,702 4,702 3,788 3,788 5,072 5,072 Percent Total with savings and thrift plans .......... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Total with employee investment choice allowed.............. 74 58 79 64 77 56 68 53 Any multiple.......... 34 27 38 31 35 23 31 26 Specified multiples... 35 26 38 29 37 27 32 21 Other................. 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 Not determinable...... 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 Investment choice not allowed.............. 7 24 5 19 6 27 10 25 Investment choice not determinable......... 18 18 16 16 17 17 22 22 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 146. Savings and thrift plans: Frequency of investment changes, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Professional, Clerical and sales Blue-collar and All employees technical, and employees service employees related employees Item Employee Employer Employee Employer Employee Employer Employee Employer contribu- contribu- contribu- contribu- contribu- contribu- contribu- contribu- tions tions tions tions tions tions tions tions Number (in thousands) with savings and thrift plans.................. 13,562 13,562 4,702 4,702 3,788 3,788 5,072 5,072 Percent Total with savings and thrift plans........... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Total with employee investment choice allowed.............. 74 58 79 64 77 56 68 53 At any time........... 38 32 43 37 34 25 37 32 Specified number of times per year..... 31 21 32 23 38 27 25 15 One................. 3 2 4 3 3 2 3 2 Two................. 7 5 9 6 6 4 5 5 Three............... (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Four................ 13 10 12 9 18 15 10 6 Five or more........ 8 4 7 5 11 6 7 2 Other................. 1 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 (1) Never................. - (1) - (1) - 1 - (1) Not determinable...... 5 5 4 4 5 4 5 6 Investment choice not allowed.............. 7 24 5 19 6 27 10 25 Investment choice not determinable......... 18 18 16 16 17 17 22 22 1 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 147. Savings and thrift plans: Withdrawal availability, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Withdrawal provision All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with savings and thrift plans.................. 13,562 4,702 3,788 5,072 Percent Total with savings and thrift plans........... 100 100 100 100 Withdrawals permitted... 43 46 50 35 Any reason............ 16 19 20 9 Hardship reasons only(1)............ 28 27 30 27 Withdrawals not permitted............ 43 41 36 49 Not determinable........ 14 13 14 15 1 Hardship reasons may include death or illness of a family member, education expenses, sudden uninsured losses, or purchase of a primary residence. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 148. Savings and thrift plans: Withdrawal requirements in plans permitting withdrawals, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Item All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with savings and thrift plans with withdrawals permitted.............. 5,883 2,183 1,902 1,799 Percent Total with savings and thrift plans with withdrawals permitted.. 100 100 100 100 At any time............. 41 38 44 40 After meeting an age and/or service requirement.......... 9 13 7 5 Once per time period.... 32 32 28 34 Other limit............. 9 7 15 5 Not determinable........ 10 9 7 16 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 149. Savings and thrift plans: Maximum amount that may be withdrawn in plans permitting withdrawals, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Maximum amount of All techni- and sales and withdrawal employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with savings and thrift plans with withdrawals permitted.............. 5,883 2,183 1,902 1,799 Percent Total with savings and thrift plans with withdrawals permitted.. 100 100 100 100 Full account balance.... 53 55 66 38 Partial account balance. 38 37 26 51 Not determinable........ 9 8 7 11 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 150. Savings and thrift plans: Penalties imposed upon withdrawal of funds in plans permitting withdrawals, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Penalties for withdrawals All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with savings and thrift plans with withdrawals permitted.............. 5,883 2,183 1,902 1,799 Percent Total with savings and thrift plans with withdrawals permitted.. 100 100 100 100 With penalty............ 44 40 49 43 Employer contributions suspended.......... 21 22 23 18 All contributions suspended.......... 18 13 21 19 Other................. 5 4 5 6 No penalty.............. 44 50 44 38 Not determinable........ 12 10 6 20 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 151. Savings and thrift plans: Loan availability, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Loan availability All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with savings and thrift plans.................. 13,562 4,702 3,788 5,072 Percent Total with savings and thrift plans........... 100 100 100 100 Loans permitted......... 44 46 48 40 Any reason............ 41 44 43 37 Hardship reasons only(1)............ 3 3 5 2 Loans not permitted..... 42 41 38 45 Not determinable........ 14 13 14 15 1 Hardship reasons may include death or illness of a family member, education expenses, sudden uninsured losses, or purchase of a primary residence. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 152. Savings and thrift plans: Loan requirements in plans permitting loans, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Loan provision All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with savings and thrift plans with loans permitted.............. 6,003 2,182 1,816 2,004 Percent Total with savings and thrift plans with loans permitted.............. 100 100 100 100 At any time............. 57 54 51 65 After meeting an age/or service requirement.. 2 1 3 2 Once per time period.... 36 40 38 31 Other limit............. 3 4 5 2 Not determinable........ 2 2 3 1 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 153. Savings and thrift plans: Maximum amount that may be borrowed in plans permitting loans, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Loan provision All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with savings and thrift plans with loans permitted.............. 6,003 2,182 1,816 2,004 Percent Total with savings and thrift plans with loans permitted.............. 100 100 100 100 Full account balance available............ 5 4 8 5 Partial account balance available............ 91 94 89 90 Not determinable........ 4 3 4 5 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 154. Savings and thrift plans: Repayment provisions in plans permitting loans, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Repayment provisions All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with savings and thrift plans with loans permitted.............. 6,003 2,182 1,816 2,004 Percent Total with savings and thrift plans with loans permitted.............. 100 100 100 100 Repayment after specified period..... 80 82 81 78 For purchase of a home(1)............ 43 51 39 37 Less than 15 years.. 16 12 20 16 15 years............ 13 17 11 12 20 years............ 6 11 3 2 25 years............ 5 7 2 4 Greater than 25 years............ 1 1 2 1 Not determinable.... 3 3 2 3 For any reason........ 38 30 43 41 Less than 5 years... 17 11 16 23 5 years............. 21 19 27 17 Greater than 5 years and less than 10 years............ (2) - (2) 1 At discretion of plan administrators....... 4 3 3 5 Other................... (2) (2) (2) (2) Not determinable........ 15 15 15 16 1 Plan specifies longer repayment period for purchase of a home than for other reasons. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 155. Savings and thrift plans: Methods of distribution, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Methods of All techni- and sales and distribution(1) employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with savings and thrift plans.................. 13,562 4,702 3,788 5,072 Percent Total with savings and thrift plans........... 100 100 100 100 Lump sum................ 85 87 84 83 Annuity................. 17 18 15 18 Installments............ 30 32 24 32 Other................... 2 3 3 1 Not determinable........ 7 7 8 7 1 Sums of individual items may exceed totals because plans frequently permit more than one distribution option. NOTE: Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 156. Savings and thrift plans: Service requirements(1), full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Eligibility All techni- and sales and requirements(2) employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with savings and thrift plans.................. 13,562 4,702 3,788 5,072 Percent Total with savings and thrift plans........... 100 100 100 100 With minimum service requirement.......... 67 61 80 62 3 months.............. 3 5 2 1 6 months.............. 8 5 7 10 7 - 11 months......... (3) (3) - (3) 1 year................ 55 49 68 49 2 years............... 2 2 2 1 3 years............... (3) (3) (3) (3) No minimum service requirement.......... 26 32 15 29 Not determinable........ 7 7 5 9 Average(4) Average service requirement (in months) 11.3 11.2 11.5 11.2 1 In many of these plans, there is also an age requirement. For example, some plans have participation requirements of age 21 and 12 months of service. This table's eligibility requirements are based on when the employee can first join the plan, not when the employer first begins contributing. In past surveys the eligibility requirements were based on when the employer first contributes to the plan. Thus this table is not strictly comparable to the same table from past surveys. 2 If a plan had alternate eligibility requirements, one of which was service only, the service only requirement was tabulated. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. 4 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 157. Savings and thrift plans: Vesting provisions, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Vesting provision All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with savings and thrift plans.................. 13,562 4,702 3,788 5,072 Percent Total with with savings and thrift plans....... 100 100 100 100 Immediate full vesting.. 33 33 31 33 Cliff vesting(1)........ 25 26 24 24 With full vesting after: 1 -2 years.......... 1 1 1 2 3 - 4 years......... 5 5 9 3 5 years............. 18 20 14 18 More than 5 years... (2) (2) (2) 1 Graduated vesting(3).... 24 24 27 22 With full vesting after: 4 years or less..... 3 2 4 4 5 years............. 12 14 16 9 6 years............. 3 4 3 2 7 years............. 5 5 4 7 10 years............ (2) (2) - (2) Class years vesting(4).. 2 2 1 2 With each class vested after: 1 year.............. (2) (2) (2) 1 2 years............. (2) (2) (2) (2) 3 years............. 1 2 (2) 1 More than 3 years... (2) (2) (2) (2) Other................... 1 (2) 2 1 Not determinable........ 15 13 15 18 1 Under cliff vesting, an employee is not entitled to any benefits until satisfying requirements for 100 percent vesting. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. 3 Under graduated vesting, an employee's rights to benefits increase with length of service, eventually reaching 100 percent. 4 Under class year vesting, employee contributions for a given year (class) become nonforfeitable after meeting vesting requirements. Subsequent contributions must meet similar requirements. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 158. Deferred profit-sharing plans: Employer contributions, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Employer contributions All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with deferred profit-sharing plans.................. 4,205 1,306 1,235 1,664 Percent Total with deferred profit-sharing plans... 100 100 100 100 Based on stated formula. 62 59 49 73 Fixed percent of profits............ 24 30 16 25 Based on unit profitability...... 4 4 5 3 Fixed percent of profits in excess of reserved amount. 4 4 4 5 Sliding percentage based on profits, sales, or return on assets............. 21 14 15 31 Other stated formula.. 8 7 9 9 No predetermined formula 31 36 41 19 Not determinable........ 8 6 10 7 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 158. Deferred profit-sharing plans: Employer contributions, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Employer contributions All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with deferred profit-sharing plans.................. 4,205 1,306 1,235 1,664 Percent Total with deferred profit-sharing plans... 100 100 100 100 Based on stated formula. 62 59 49 73 Fixed percent of profits............ 24 30 16 25 Based on unit profitability...... 4 4 5 3 Fixed percent of profits in excess of reserved amount. 4 4 4 5 Sliding percentage based on profits, sales, or return on assets............. 21 14 15 31 Other stated formula.. 8 7 9 9 No predetermined formula 31 36 41 19 Not determinable........ 8 6 10 7 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 159. Deferred profit-sharing plans: Allocation of employer contributions to individual employee accounts, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Allocation of employer All techni- and sales and contributions employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with deferred profit-sharing plans.................. 4,205 1,306 1,235 1,664 Percent Total with deferred profit-sharing plans... 100 100 100 100 Equally to all participants......... 6 3 5 9 Proportional to earnings 56 61 46 61 Proportional to employee contributions........ 17 18 20 14 Based on earnings and service.............. 7 8 5 7 Based on earnings and unit performance..... (1) (1) (1) - Other allocation formula 3 1 6 3 Allocation formula not available............ 11 10 18 5 Employee permitted to receive part of allocation in cash... 15 14 10 19 1 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 160. Deferred profit sharing plans: Selected plan features, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Item All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with deferred profit sharing plans.................. 4,205 1,306 1,235 1,664 Percent Total with deferred profit sharing plans.......... 100 100 100 100 Loans permitted......... 33 38 28 34 Withdrawals permitted... 24 16 30 25 Employee contributions required............. 6 6 12 2 Employee contribution not required but allowed.............. 36 29 27 47 Pretax contributions allowed.............. 38 30 40 43 Employee permitted to choose investments... 55 63 50 54 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 161. Deferred profit-sharing: Service requirements(1), full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Eligibility All techni- and sales and requirements(2) employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with deferred profit-sharing plans.................. 4,205 1,306 1,235 1,664 Percent Total with deferred profit-sharing plans... 100 100 100 100 With minimum service requirement.......... 76 84 78 67 3 months.............. 2 2 1 4 6 months.............. 6 9 2 7 1 year................ 59 66 72 45 2 years............... 7 7 3 10 3 years............... 1 (3) 1 1 No minimum service requirement.......... 24 16 21 33 Not determinable........ (3) (3) (3) - Average(4) Average service requirement (in months) 12.5 12.1 12.5 13.0 1 In many of these plans, there is also an age requirement. For example, some plans have participation requirements of age 21 and 12 months of service. This table's eligibility requirements are based on when the employee can first join the plan, not when the employer first begins contributing. In past surveys the eligibility requirements were based on when the employer first contributes to the plan. Thus this table is not strictly comparable to the same table from past surveys. 2 If a plan had alternate eligibility requirements, one of which was service only, the service only requirement was tabulated. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. 4 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 162. Deferred profit-sharing plans: Vesting provisions, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Vesting provision All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with deferred profit-sharing plans.................. 4,205 1,306 1,235 1,664 Percent Total with deferred profit-sharing plans... 100 100 100 100 Immediate full vesting.. 37 30 31 49 Cliff vesting(1)........ 22 30 24 14 With full vesting after: 1 -2 years.......... 2 5 2 - 3 - 4 years......... 2 5 1 1 5 years............. 17 20 20 13 More than 5 years... (2) (2) (2) 1 Graduated vesting(3).... 34 35 41 28 With full vesting after: 4 years or less..... 1 1 1 2 5 years............. 4 2 11 1 6 years............. 10 14 15 2 7 years............. 18 18 13 21 More than 10 years.. 1 - (2) 2 Other................... (2) (2) - (2) Not determinable........ 6 6 4 8 1 Under cliff vesting, an employee is not entitled to any benefits until satisfying requirements for 100 percent vesting. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. 3 Under graduated vesting, an employee's rights to benefits increase with length of service, eventually reaching 100 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 163. 401(k) salary reduction plans: Maximum pretax employee contributions,(1) full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Maximum pretax All techni- and sales and contributions employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with 401(k) salary reduction plans.................. 14,646 5,056 3,979 5,611 Percent Total with 401(k) pretax salary reduction plans. 100 100 100 100 Percent of employee earnings............. 83 83 85 81 5 percent or less..... 4 3 4 3 5.01 - 5.99 percent... (2) (2) - - 6 percent............. 4 2 10 2 7 percent............. (2) (2) 1 (2) 8 percent............. 5 5 5 5 9 percent............. 1 1 1 1 9.01 - 9.99 percent... (2) (2) (2) (2) 10 percent............ 12 9 12 15 11 percent............ (2) (2) (2) (2) 12 percent............ 10 11 5 12 13 percent............ 1 2 1 1 13.01 - 13.99 percent. (2) (2) - (2) 14 percent............ 2 2 1 2 15 percent............ 20 17 26 19 16 percent............ 12 14 10 11 17 percent............ 1 1 3 1 17.01 - 17.99 percent. (2) (2) (2) (2) 18 percent............ 6 6 4 7 18.01 - 18.99 percent. (2) (2) - (2) 19 percent............ (2) (2) (2) (2) 20 percent............ 5 9 2 2 25 percent or more.... (2) (2) (2) (2) Specified dollar amount. 1 (2) (2) 1 Up to the Internal Revenue Code limit... 16 16 12 17 Not determinable........ 1 1 3 (2) Average(3) Average maximum pretax contribution (percent of earnings)........... 13.1 13.7 12.4 13.0 1 Includes contributions that are not matched by the employer. If maximum contributions vary, such as by length of service, the highest possible contribution was tabulated. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. 3 The average is presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 164. 401(k) salary reduction plans: Service requirements,(1) full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Eligibility All techni- and sales and requirements(2) employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with 401(k) salary reduction plans.................. 14,646 5,056 3,979 5,611 Percent Total with 401(k) salary reduction plans........ 100 100 100 100 With minimum service requirement.......... 67 63 82 61 3 months.............. 3 4 2 2 6 months.............. 8 6 7 10 7 - 11 months......... (3) (3) - (3) 1 year................ 52 48 69 44 2 years............... 3 3 3 4 3 years............... 1 1 1 1 Over 3 years.......... (3) (3) (3) - No minimum service requirement.......... 27 32 16 32 Not determinable........ 5 5 3 7 Average(4) Average service requirement (in months) 11.8 11.9 11.8 11.8 1 In many of these plans, there is also an age requirement. For example, some plans have participation requirements of age 21 and 12 months of service. This table's eligibility requirements are based on when the employee can first join the plan, not when the employer first begins contributing. In past surveys the eligibility requirements were based on when the employer first contributes to the plan. Thus this table is not strictly comparable to the same table from past surveys. 2 If a plan had alternate eligibility requirements, one of which was service only, the service only requirement was tabulated. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. 4 The averages are presented for all covered workers; averages exclude workers without the plan provision. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 165. 401(k) salary reduction plans: Investment choices, full- time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Professional, Clerical and sales Blue-collar and All employees technical, and employees service employees related employees Investment choices for employer contributions Employee Employer Employee Employer Employee Employer Employee Employer contribu- contribu- contribu- contribu- contribu- contribu- contribu- contribu- tions tions tions tions tions tions tions tions Number (in thousands) with 401(k) salary reduction plans.................. 14,646 14,646 5,056 5,056 3,979 3,979 5,611 5,611 Percent Total with 401(k) salary reduction plans........ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Employee permitted to choose investments... 83 64 87 70 85 62 77 61 Two choices........... 4 3 4 2 3 3 5 4 Three choices......... 15 11 14 12 19 13 13 9 Four choices.......... 26 16 23 14 27 17 29 17 Five choices.......... 11 13 19 18 11 12 5 8 Six choices........... 6 5 5 5 7 6 5 5 More than six choices. 20 17 23 19 17 12 20 18 Employee not permitted to choose investments 8 26 5 22 7 31 11 27 Not determinable........ 9 9 8 8 7 7 11 11 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 166. 401(k) salary reduction plans: Vesting provisions, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Vesting provision All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with 401(k) salary reduction plans.................. 14,646 5,056 3,979 5,611 Percent Total with 401(k) salary reduction plans........ 100 100 100 100 Immediate full vesting.. 39 40 35 41 Cliff vesting(1)........ 24 26 23 23 With full vesting after: 1 -2 years.......... 1 1 1 2 3 - 4 years......... 5 4 9 3 5 years............. 17 20 13 17 More than 5 years... 1 (2) (2) 1 Graduated vesting(3).... 27 26 32 24 With full vesting after: 4 years or less..... 3 2 4 4 5 years............. 13 14 18 9 6 years............. 3 4 4 2 7 years............. 7 6 6 9 10 years............ (2) (2) - (2) Class years vesting(4).. 2 2 1 2 With each class vested after: 1 year.............. (2) (2) (2) 1 2 years............. (2) (2) (2) (2) 3 years............. 1 1 (2) 1 More than 3 years... (2) (2) (2) (2) Other................... 1 1 2 1 Not determinable........ 7 5 7 9 1 Under cliff vesting, an employee is not entitled to any benefits until satisfying requirements for 100 percent vesting. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. 3 Under graduated vesting, an employee's rights to benefits increase with length of service, eventually reaching 100 percent. 4 Under class year vesting, employee contributions for a given year (class) become nonforfeitable after meeting vesting requirements. Subsequent contributions must meet similar requirements. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 167. 401(k) salary reduction plans: Transfer and rollover provisions,(1) full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Item All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with 401(k) salary reduction plans.................. 14,646 5,056 3,979 5,611 Percent Total with 401(k) salary reduction plans........ 100 100 100 100 Transfers/rollovers allowed.............. 38 43 44 28 Transfers/rollovers not allowed.............. 52 50 48 57 Not determinable........ 10 7 8 15 1 Relates to the allowance of transfers/rollovers of contributions and earnings from the previous employer's plan. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 168. 401(k) salary reduction plans: Withdrawal availability, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Withdrawal provision All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with 401(k) salary reduction plans.................. 14,646 5,056 3,979 5,611 Percent Total with 401(k) salary reduction plans........ 100 100 100 100 Withdrawals permitted... 46 47 55 38 Any reason............ 16 19 23 9 Hardship reasons only(1)............ 30 28 32 29 Withdrawals not permitted............ 49 48 40 56 Not determinable........ 5 5 5 6 1 Hardship reasons may include death or illness of a family member, education expenses, sudden uninsured losses, or purchase of a primary residence. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 169. 401(k) salary reduction plans: Loan availability, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Loan availability All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with 401(k) salary reduction plans.................. 14,646 5,056 3,979 5,611 Percent Total with 401(k) salary reduction plans........ 100 100 100 100 Loans permitted......... 49 49 52 46 Any reason............ 44 45 45 43 Hardship reasons only(1)............ 4 4 7 3 Loans not permitted..... 46 47 42 48 Not determinable........ 5 5 5 6 1 Hardship reasons may include death or illness of a family member, education expenses, sudden uninsured losses, or purchase of a primary residence. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 170. 401(k) salary reduction plans: Methods of distribution, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Methods of All techni- and sales and distribution(1) employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Number (in thousands) with 401(k) salary reduction plans.................. 14,646 5,056 3,979 5,611 Percent Total with 401(k) salary reduction plans........ 100 100 100 100 Lump sum................ 92 95 90 90 Annuity................. 21 22 18 21 Installments............ 34 36 29 36 Other................... 7 11 4 5 Not determinable........ 9 7 8 11 1 Sums of individual items may exceed totals because plans frequently permit more than one distribution option. NOTE: Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 171. Reimbursement accounts: Expenses covered, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Expenses All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Total eligible for reimbursement accounts(1)............ 12,686 4,976 3,738 3,972 Percent Number (in thousands) eligible for reimbursement accounts. 100 100 100 100 Expenses known.......... 95 94 93 97 Health premiums....... 56 52 54 63 Other health expenses. 78 79 74 81 Dependent care expenses........... 77 81 74 76 Legal expenses........ (2) (2) (2) (2) Other Premiums........ 10 11 7 11 Other................. 2 2 2 3 Expense not determinable 5 6 7 3 1 Total is less than the sum of individual items because many plans allow funds to be used for multiple purposes. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table 172. Summary: Participation(1) in selected employee benefit programs, full-time employees, by geographic region, medium and large private establishments, 1995 (In percent) Benefit Northeast South North West Central Paid time off: Holidays..................... 91 88 91 86 Vacations.................... 96 96 96 93 Personal leave............... 40 18 18 14 Funeral leave................ 85 74 86 77 Jury duty leave.............. 93 83 89 74 Military leave............... 51 39 48 41 Family leave................. 3 1 1 2 Unpaid family leave........... 87 87 80 81 Disability benefits(2): Paid sick leave............. 68 55 47 69 Short-term disability....... 79 46 59 28 Long-term disability insurance.................. 45 39 43 45 Survivor benefits: Life insurance............. 90 84 92 83 Accidental death and dismemberment............. 64 60 78 65 Survivor income benefits... 1 2 13 7 Health care benefits: Medical care............... 82 73 78 75 Dental care................ 62 46 58 66 Vision care................ 27 14 25 38 Outpatient prescription drug coverage............. 81 70 75 73 Retirement income benefits: All retirement(3)............ 83 77 80 80 Defined benefit............ 61 44 57 49 Defined contribution(4).... 52 56 52 62 Savings and thrift....... 36 40 38 52 Deferred profit sharing.. 10 14 15 10 Employee stock ownership. 3 6 5 7 Money purchase pension... 10 4 11 5 Stock bonus.............. (5) 3 2 (5) Simplified employee pension................. (5) 1 (5) (5) Other.................... 1 (5) (5) 3 Cash or deferred arrangements (401(k) plans): With employer contributions 36 44 46 57 Salary reduction......... 36 43 43 56 Savings and thrift(6).. 30 37 33 50 Deferred profit sharing 4 5 7 4 Other.................. 2 1 3 2 Deferral of profit sharing allocation...... (5) 2 3 (5) Other(7)................. (5) (5) (5) 1 No employer contributions.. 10 8 10 9 1 Participants are workers covered by a paid time off, insurance, or retirement plan. Employees subject to a minimum service requirement before they are eligible for benefit coverage are counted as participants even if they have not met the requirement at the time of the survey. If employees are required to pay part of the cost of a benefit, only those who elect the coverage and pay their share are counted as participants. Except for family leave, benefits for which the employee must pay the full premium are outside the scope of the survey. Only current employees are counted as participants; retirees are excluded. 2 The definitions for paid sick leave and short-term disability (previously sickness and accident insurance) were changed for the 1995 survey. Paid sick leave now only includes plans that either specify a maximum number of days per year or unlimited days. Short-term disability now includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans available on a per disability basis as well as the unfunded per disability plans previously reported as sick leave. Sickness and accident insurance, reported in years prior to this survey, only included insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans providing per disability benefits at less than full pay. 3 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. The total is less than the sum of the individual items because many employees participated in both types of plans. 4 The total is less than the sum of the individual items because some employees participated in more than one type of plan. 5 Less than 0.5 percent. 6 Participants in savings and thrift plans usually are allowed to make pretax contributions. In the 1995 survey, provisions governing pretax contributions were not determinable for about one-tenth of the employees with savings and thrift plans. 7 Includes required contributions made to money purchase pension plans on a pretax basis. Table 173. Other benefits: Eligibility for specified benefits, full-time employees, by geographic region, medium and large private establishments, 1995 (In percent) Benefit Northeast South North West Central Income continuation plans: Severance pay........... 41 30 36 36 Supplemental unemployment benefits.. 1 1 10 1 Family benefits: Employer assistance for child care(1).......... 12 7 5 8 Employer provided funds................ 6 4 1 5 On-site child care.... 6 3 2 4 Off-site child care... 3 1 (2) 1 Adoption assistance..... 11 7 8 20 Long-term care insurance 9 6 4 7 Flexible workplace...... 2 2 4 1 Health promotion programs: Wellness programs....... 34 33 38 29 Employee assistance programs............... 60 51 63 61 Fitness center.......... 24 15 12 27 Miscellaneous benefits: Job-related travel accident insurance..... 47 37 39 46 Nonproduction bonuses... 38 38 39 42 Subsidized commuting.... 4 3 3 10 Education assistance: Job-related........... 68 61 67 64 Not job-related....... 25 17 15 16 Section 125 cafeteria benefits(3):............. 55 59 53 52 Flexible benefit plans.. 14 12 9 15 Reimbursement plans..... 37 38 40 35 Premium conversion plans 4 8 4 2 1 Occupations may have access to more than one type of assistance for child care. Not all types of assistance are shown separately. Therefore, the sums of individual items may not equal the totals. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. 3 Includes all types of plans under Internal Revenue Code Section 125. Flexible benefits plans include reimbursement account features. Table 174. Summary: Participation(1) in selected employee benefit programs, full-time employees in goods-producing industries, medium and large private establishments, 1995 (In percent) Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Benefit All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Paid time off: Holidays..................... 95 99 99 93 Vacations.................... 96 99 100 94 Personal leave............... 16 21 22 13 Funeral leave................ 82 88 81 80 Jury duty leave.............. 83 91 82 81 Military leave............... 53 76 56 45 Family leave................. 1 4 3 1 Unpaid family leave........... 87 93 91 85 Disability benefits(2): Paid sick leave............. 40 72 66 25 Short-term disability....... 68 60 59 72 Long-term disability insurance.................. 36 57 53 26 Survivor benefits: Life insurance............. 93 97 97 91 Accidental death and dismemberment............. 74 78 80 71 Survivor income benefits... 9 13 8 8 Health care benefits: Medical care............... 84 83 81 84 Dental care................ 58 73 61 53 Vision care................ 22 32 19 19 Outpatient prescription drug coverage............. 81 81 80 82 Retirement income benefits: All retirement(3)............ 86 90 86 84 Defined benefit............ 62 67 63 61 Defined contribution(4).... 58 75 65 51 Savings and thrift....... 44 61 54 37 Deferred profit sharing.. 14 17 14 13 Employee stock ownership. 6 6 4 6 Money purchase pension... 5 7 4 4 Simplified employee pension................. (5) 1 - (5) Other.................... 2 4 1 2 Cash or deferred arrangements (401(k) plans): With employer contributions 52 71 61 45 Salary reduction......... 50 68 58 42 Savings and thrift(6).. 40 57 47 33 Deferred profit sharing 7 6 8 7 Other.................. 3 5 3 2 Deferral of profit sharing allocation...... 3 3 3 2 No employer contributions.. 11 16 7 10 1 Participants are workers covered by a paid time off, insurance, or retirement plan. Employees subject to a minimum service requirement before they are eligible for benefit coverage are counted as participants even if they have not met the requirement at the time of the survey. If employees are required to pay part of the cost of a benefit, only those who elect the coverage and pay their share are counted as participants. Except for family leave, benefits for which the employee must pay the full premium are outside the scope of the survey. Only current employees are counted as participants; retirees are excluded. 2 The definitions for paid sick leave and short-term disability (previously sickness and accident insurance) were changed for the 1995 survey. Paid sick leave now only includes plans that either specify a maximum number of days per year or unlimited days. Short-term disability now includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans available on a per disability basis as well as the unfunded per disability plans previously reported as sick leave. Sickness and accident insurance, reported in years prior to this survey, only included insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans providing per disability benefits at less than full pay. 3 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. The total is less than the sum of the individual items because many employees participated in both types of plans. 4 The total is less than the sum of the individual items because some employees participated in more than one type of plan. 5 Less than 0.5 percent. 6 Participants in savings and thrift plans usually are allowed to make pretax contributions. In the 1995 survey, provisions governing pretax contributions were not determinable for about one-tenth of the employees with savings and thrift plans. Table 175. Other benefits: Eligibility for specified benefits, full-time employees in goods-producing industries, medium and large private establishments, 1995 (In percent) Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Benefit All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Income continuation plans: Severance pay........... 40 68 59 28 Supplemental unemployment benefits.. 7 3 2 8 Family benefits: Employer assistance for child care(1).......... 4 11 3 1 Employer provided funds................ 3 10 2 1 On-site child care.... 2 6 1 - Off-site child care... 1 1 (2) (2) Adoption assistance..... 12 26 12 8 Long-term care insurance 5 10 7 3 Flexible workplace...... 1 1 1 1 Health promotion programs: Wellness programs....... 39 55 40 34 Employee assistance programs............... 61 80 59 55 Fitness center.......... 17 37 18 10 Miscellaneous benefits: Job-related travel accident insurance..... 46 76 52 35 Nonproduction bonuses... 47 48 47 46 Subsidized commuting.... 5 13 6 2 Education assistance: Job-related........... 68 86 72 61 Not job-related....... 20 30 22 16 Section 125 cafeteria benefits(3):............. 51 77 63 40 Flexible benefit plans.. 11 25 12 6 Reimbursement plans..... 34 48 44 28 Premium conversion plans 5 4 7 5 1 Occupations may have access to more than one type of assistance for child care. Not all types of assistance are shown separately. Therefore, the sums of individual items may not equal the totals. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. 3 Includes all types of plans under Internal Revenue Code Section 125. Flexible benefits plans include reimbursement account features. Table 176. Summary: Participation(1) in selected employee benefit programs, full-time employees in service-producing industries, medium and large private establishments, 1995 (In percent) Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Paid time off: Holidays..................... 85 82 92 81 Vacations.................... 96 95 99 93 Personal leave............... 26 26 36 17 Funeral leave................ 79 81 86 70 Jury duty leave.............. 86 91 91 77 Military leave............... 39 51 43 23 Family leave................. 2 3 2 1 Unpaid family leave........... 82 87 85 74 Disability benefits(2): Paid sick leave............. 70 74 80 57 Short-term disability....... 44 42 51 39 Long-term disability insurance................ 46 62 53 26 Survivor benefits: Life insurance............. 83 91 88 72 Accidental death and dismemberment........... 62 66 63 58 Survivor income benefits... 4 3 3 5 Health care benefits: Medical care............... 72 78 75 64 Dental care................ 55 63 56 48 Vision care................ 25 27 23 26 Outpatient prescription drug coverage........... 70 75 73 62 Retirement income benefits: All retirement(3)............ 76 85 85 60 Defined benefit............ 46 47 53 37 Defined contribution(4).... 54 63 63 36 Savings and thrift....... 39 45 45 26 Deferred profit sharing.. 12 13 15 7 Employee stock ownership. 5 5 7 2 Money purchase pension... 9 16 6 6 Stock bonus.............. 2 2 4 1 Simplified employee pension............... 1 1 1 (5) Other.................... (5) (5) (5) (5) Cash or deferred arrangements (401(k) plans): With employer contributions 41 48 48 28 Salary reduction......... 40 47 47 27 Savings and thrift(6).. 35 41 41 24 Deferred profit sharing 4 4 6 2 Other.................. 1 2 1 1 Deferral of profit sharing allocation.... 1 1 1 1 Other(7)................. (5) 1 (5) (5) No employer contributions.. 8 12 8 5 1 Participants are workers covered by a paid time off, insurance, or retirement plan. Employees subject to a minimum service requirement before they are eligible for benefit coverage are counted as participants even if they have not met the requirement at the time of the survey. If employees are required to pay part of the cost of a benefit, only those who elect the coverage and pay their share are counted as participants. Except for family leave, benefits for which the employee must pay the full premium are outside the scope of the survey. Only current employees are counted as participants; retirees are excluded. 2 The definitions for paid sick leave and short-term disability (previously sickness and accident insurance) were changed for the 1995 survey. Paid sick leave now only includes plans that either specify a maximum number of days per year or unlimited days. Short-term disability now includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans available on a per disability basis as well as the unfunded per disability plans previously reported as sick leave. Sickness and accident insurance, reported in years prior to this survey, only included insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans providing per disability benefits at less than full pay. 3 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. The total is less than the sum of the individual items because many employees participated in both types of plans. 4 The total is less than the sum of the individual items because some employees participated in more than one type of plan. 5 Less than 0.5 percent. 6 Participants in savings and thrift plans usually are allowed to make pretax contributions. In the 1995 survey, provisions governing pretax contributions were not determinable for about one-tenth of the employees with savings and thrift plans. 7 Includes required contributions made to money purchase pension plans on a pretax basis. Table 177. Other benefits: Eligibility for specified benefits, full-time employees in service-producing industries, medium and large private establishments, 1995 (In percent) Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Benefit All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Income continuation plans: Severance pay........... 32 38 40 20 Supplemental unemployment benefits.. 2 (1) 1 4 Family benefits: Employer assistance for child care(2).......... 10 17 8 6 Employer provided funds................ 4 6 5 2 On-site child care.... 5 9 3 3 Off-site child care... 2 3 2 1 Adoption assistance..... 10 14 12 4 Long-term care insurance 7 7 10 5 Flexible workplace...... 3 6 2 (1) Health promotion programs: Wellness programs....... 31 44 30 19 Employee assistance programs............... 56 69 60 40 Fitness center.......... 19 28 16 16 Miscellaneous benefits: Job-related travel accident insurance..... 38 50 46 21 Nonproduction bonuses... 34 37 36 30 Subsidized commuting.... 4 6 5 3 Education assistance: Job-related........... 63 75 64 50 Not job-related....... 17 22 16 14 Section 125 cafeteria benefits(3):............. 58 76 67 33 Flexible benefit plans.. 13 17 15 7 Reimbursement plans..... 40 55 46 21 Premium conversion plans 5 4 5 5 1 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 Occupations may have access to more than one type of assistance for child care. Not all types of assistance are shown separately. Therefore, the sums of individual items may not equal the totals. 3 Includes all types of plans under Internal Revenue Code Section 125. Flexible benefits plans include reimbursement account features. Table 178. Summary: Participation(1) in selected employee benefit programs, by union status, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 (In percent) Benefit Union Nonunion workers workers Paid time off: Holidays................. 92 88 Vacations................ 94 96 Personal leave........... 20 23 Funeral leave............ 86 78 Jury duty leave.......... 87 84 Military leave........... 42 45 Family leave............. 1 2 Unpaid family leave....... 82 85 Disability benefits(2): Paid sick leave......... 40 64 Short-term disability... 73 47 Long-term disability insurance.............. 21 49 Survivor benefits: Life insurance......... 90 86 Accidental death and dismemberment......... 75 64 Survivor income benefits.............. 10 4 Health care benefits: Medical care........... 85 74 Dental care............ 62 55 Vision care............ 38 20 Outpatient prescription drug coverage......... 82 72 Retirement income benefits: All retirement(3)........ 87 78 Defined benefit........ 79 44 Defined contribution(4) 37 61 Savings and thrift... 23 46 Deferred profit sharing............. 9 14 Employee stock ownership........... 3 6 Money purchase pension............. 5 8 Stock bonus.......... (5) 2 Simplified employee pension............. - 1 Other................ 1 1 Cash or deferred arrangements (401(k) plans): With employer contributions......... 29 50 Salary reduction..... 26 49 Savings and thrift(6)......... 20 42 Deferred profit sharing........... 4 5 Other.............. 1 2 Deferral of profit sharing allocation.. 3 1 Other(7)............. (5) (5) No employer contributions......... 10 9 1 Participants are workers covered by a paid time off, insurance, or retirement plan. Employees subject to a minimum service requirement before they are eligible for benefit coverage are counted as participants even if they have not met the requirement at the time of the survey. If employees are required to pay part of the cost of a benefit, only those who elect the coverage and pay their share are counted as participants. Except for family leave, benefits for which the employee must pay the full premium are outside the scope of the survey. Only current employees are counted as participants; retirees are excluded. 2 The definitions for paid sick leave and short-term disability (previously sickness and accident insurance) were changed for the 1995 survey. Paid sick leave now only includes plans that either specify a maximum number of days per year or unlimited days. Short-term disability now includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans available on a per disability basis as well as the unfunded per disability plans previously reported as sick leave. Sickness and accident insurance, reported in years prior to this survey, only included insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans providing per disability benefits at less than full pay. 3 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. The total is less than the sum of the individual items because many employees participated in both types of plans. 4 The total is less than the sum of the individual items because some employees participated in more than one type of plan. 5 Less than 0.5 percent. 6 Participants in savings and thrift plans usually are allowed to make pretax contributions. In the 1995 survey, provisions governing pretax contributions were not determinable for about one-tenth of the employees with savings and thrift plans. 7 Includes required contributions made to money purchase pension plans on a pretax basis. Table 179. Other benefits: Eligibility for specified benefits, by union status, full-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 (In percent) Benefit Union Nonunion employees employees Income continuation plans: Severance pay........... 32 36 Supplemental unemployment benefits.. 12 1 Family benefits: Employer assistance for child care(1).......... 3 9 Employer provided funds................ 1 5 On-site child care.... 1 4 Off-site child care... (2) 2 Adoption assistance..... 6 12 Long-term care insurance 7 6 Flexible workplace...... 1 3 Health promotion programs: Wellness programs....... 30 35 Employee assistance programs............... 61 57 Fitness center.......... 8 22 Miscellaneous benefits: Job-related travel accident insurance..... 33 44 Nonproduction bonuses... 40 38 Subsidized commuting.... 1 6 Education assistance: Job-related........... 62 66 Not job-related....... 21 17 Section 125 cafeteria benefits(3):............. 33 62 Flexible benefit plans.. 4 15 Reimbursement plans..... 26 42 Premium conversion plans 3 6 1 Occupations may have access to more than one type of assistance for child care. Not all types of assistance are shown separately. Therefore, the sums of individual items may not equal the totals. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. 3 Includes all types of plans under Internal Revenue Code Section 125. Flexible benefits plans include reimbursement account features. Table 180. Summary: Participation(1) in selected employee benefit programs, part-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 (In percent) Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Benefit All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Paid time off: Holidays................. 44 26 54 40 Vacations................ 50 47 50 50 Personal leave........... 13 5 22 8 Funeral leave............ 37 41 44 30 Jury duty leave.......... 42 50 40 41 Military leave........... 14 16 16 11 Family leave............. (2) (2) 1 (2) Unpaid family leave....... 42 42 44 39 Disability benefits(3): Paid sick leave......... 19 25 21 14 Short-term disability... 16 11 14 19 Long-term disability insurance.............. 7 16 10 1 Survivor benefits: Life insurance......... 20 33 21 15 Accidental death and dismemberment......... 14 19 16 10 Survivor income benefits.............. 1 1 1 (2) Health care benefits: Medical care........... 19 31 20 15 Dental care............ 13 24 12 10 Vision care............ 8 11 9 6 Outpatient prescription drug coverage......... 19 31 21 14 Retirement income benefits: All retirement(4)........ 37 53 45 23 Defined benefit........ 22 24 28 15 Defined contribution(5) 24 33 32 13 Savings and thrift... 15 20 23 6 Deferred profit sharing............. 6 1 9 5 Employee stock ownership........... (2) (2) (2) (2) Money purchase pension............. 4 13 3 3 Cash or deferred arrangements (401(k) plans): With employer contributions......... 17 22 27 7 Salary reduction..... 17 21 26 7 Savings and thrift(6)......... 14 20 21 5 Deferred profit sharing........... 3 (2) 5 2 Other.............. (2) 1 1 (2) Deferral of profit sharing allocation.. (2) - 1 (2) Other(7)............. (2) 1 (2) (2) No employer contributions......... 5 10 4 3 1 Participants are workers covered by a paid time off, insurance, or retirement plan. Employees subject to a minimum service requirement before they are eligible for benefit coverage are counted as participants even if they have not met the requirement at the time of the survey. If employees are required to pay part of the cost of a benefit, only those who elect the coverage and pay their share are counted as participants. Except for family leave, benefits for which the employees must pay the full premium are outside the scope of the survey. Only current employees are counted as participants; retirees are excluded. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. 3 The definitions for paid sick leave and short-term disability (previously sickness and accident insurance) were changed for the 1995 survey. Paid sick leave now only includes plans that either specify a maximum number of days per year or unlimited days. Short-term disability now includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans available on a per disability basis as well as the unfunded per disability plans previously reported as sick leave. Sickness and accident insurance, reported in years prior to this survey, only included insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans providing per disability benefits at less than full pay. 4 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. The total is less than the sum of the individual items because many employees participated in both types of plans. 5 The total is less than the sum of the individual items because some employees participated in more than one type of plan. 6 Participants in savings and thrift plans usually are allowed to make pretax contributions. In the 1995 survey, provisions governing pretax contributions were not determinable for about one-tenth of the employees with savings and thrift plans. 7 Includes required contributions made to money purchase pension plans on a pretax basis. Table 181. Other benefits: Eligibility for specified benefits, part-time employees, medium and large private establishments, 1995 (In percent) Profes- Blue- sional, Clerical collar Benefit All techni- and sales and employees cal, and employees service related employees employees Income continuation plans: Severance pay........... 10 13 14 5 Supplemental unemployment benefits.. (1) - 1 (1) Family benefits: Employer assistance for child care(2).......... 6 16 4 5 Employer provided funds................ 2 4 1 2 On-site child care.... 3 12 1 1 Off-site child care... 2 (1) 1 2 Adoption assistance..... 4 3 7 1 Long-term care insurance 4 2 8 2 Flexible workplace...... (1) 2 (1) (1) Health promotion programs: Wellness programs....... 13 32 12 7 Employee assistance programs............... 34 54 39 24 Fitness center.......... 13 36 12 6 Miscellaneous benefits: Job-related travel accident insurance..... 25 22 41 11 Nonproduction bonuses... 19 22 17 19 Subsidized commuting.... 1 1 2 1 Education assistance: Job-related........... 36 60 37 27 Not job-related....... 7 7 6 8 Section 125 cafeteria benefits(3):............. 19 36 25 7 Flexible benefit plans.. 5 12 7 1 Reimbursement plans..... 13 23 18 6 Premium conversion plans 1 1 1 1 1 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 Occupations may have access to more than one type of assistance for child care. Not all types of assistance are shown separately. Therefore, the sums of individual items may not equal the totals. 3 Includes all types of plans under Internal Revenue Code Section 125. Flexible benefits plans include reimbursement account features. Table A-1: Number of establishments and full-time occupational quotes studied and estimated number of full-time workers within scope of survey, medium and large private establishments, United States, 1995 Number of occupational quotes studied(2) Number of Industry division(1) establishments studied Professional, Clerical and Blue-collar Total technical, and sales and service related All industries............ 3,462 9,561 3,078 2,915 3,568 Manufacturing........... 504 2,005 482 201 1,322 Nonmanufacturing........ 2,957 7,556 2,596 2,714 2,246 Mining................ 22 90 30 6 54 Construction.......... 113 165 34 13 118 Transportation, communications, electric, gas, and sanitary services.. 457 1,320 280 434 606 Wholesale trade....... 163 445 85 179 181 Retail trade.......... 410 650 88 381 181 Finance, insurance, and real estate.... 661 1,593 541 977 75 Services.............. 1,132 3,293 1,538 724 1,031 Estimated number of full-time workers within scope of survey All industries............ 33,373,969 9,366,025 8,104,860 15,903,083 Manufacturing........... 11,651,504 2,682,162 1,091,282 7,878,060 Nonmanufacturing........ 21,722,465 6,683,863 7,013,579 8,025,023 Mining................ 271,855 88,463 18,767 164,625 Construction.......... 897,126 172,715 69,750 654,660 Transportation, communications, electric, gas, and sanitary services.. 2,574,869 542,043 535,717 1,497,110 Wholesale trade....... 1,304,485 253,836 551,170 499,480 Retail trade.......... 3,075,284 336,336 1,817,567 921,382 Finance, insurance, and real estate.... 2,581,631 618,698 1,820,898 142,035 Services.............. 11,017,214 4,671,773 2,199,710 4,145,731 1 As defined in the 1987 edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual, U.S. Office of Management and Budget. Industry data are shown for informational purposes only and are subject to larger than normal sample error. See section on reliability of estimates. 2 These figures refer to all respondents to the survey, whether or not they provided data for all items studied. See the section on survey response. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category. Table A-2: Number of establishments and part-time occupational quotes studied and estimated number of part-time workers within scope of survey, medium and large private establishments, United States, 1995 Number of occupational quotes studied(2) Number of Industry division(1) establishments studied Professional, Clerical and Blue-collar Total technical, and sales and service related All industries............ 3,462 1,477 285 646 546 Manufacturing........... 504 28 4 13 11 Nonmanufacturing........ 2,957 1,449 281 633 535 Mining................ 22 1 - 1 - Construction.......... 113 4 - 2 2 Transportation, communications, electric, gas, and sanitary services.. 457 54 6 27 21 Wholesale trade....... 163 23 - 7 16 Retail trade.......... 410 505 1 336 168 Finance, insurance, and real estate.... 661 78 2 66 10 Services.............. 1,132 784 272 194 318 Estimated number of part-time workers within scope of survey All industries............ 6,828,011 994,502 2,801,317 3,032,192 Manufacturing........... 222,236 53,883 80,936 87,417 Nonmanufacturing........ 6,605,775 940,619 2,720,381 2,944,775 Mining................ 1,060 - 1,060 - Construction.......... 48,402 - 39,847 8,555 Transportation, communications, electric, gas, and sanitary services.. 211,869 19,959 83,929 107,981 Wholesale trade....... 65,397 - 18,075 47,322 Retail trade.......... 2,610,823 1,906 1,460,985 1,147,933 Finance, insurance, and real estate.... 411,101 1,574 395,713 13,815 Services.............. 3,257,124 917,180 720,773 1,619,170 1 As defined in the 1987 edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual, U.S. Office of Management and Budget. Industry data are shown for informational purposes only and are subject to larger than normal sample error. See section on reliability of estimates. 2 These figures refer to all respondents to the survey, whether or not they provided data for all items studied. See the section on survey response. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Where applicable, dash indicates no employees in this category.