Information Resources for Beef Cattle

Husbandry

Adamski, M. (2000). Problems rearing the calves of beef cattle and theirs crosses with BW and RW in extensive management [Problematyka odchowu cielat ras miesnych i ich mieszancow z rasami cb i czb w warunkach ekstensywnych.] Annals of Warsaw Agricultural University. Animal Science 35 (Suppl.): 49-54, ISSN: 0208-5739.

Keywords: beef calves, introduced breeds, crossbreeding, extensive husbandry, pastoralism, pasture raised, no farm buildings, gestation, parturition, calving ease, body weight gain, Polish language, Poland.

Baker, J.F.; Strickland, J.E.; Vann, R.C. (2000). Effect of castration on weight gain of beef calves. Bovine Practitioner 34 (2): 124-126, ISSN: 0524-1685.

NAL Call Number: SF779.5 A1B6

Abstract: Many management practices can be utilized to maximize weight and increase value of calves at weaning. Combining the two management practices of castration and implanting male calves allows producers to maximize weaning weights and avoid discounts for intact males. Crossbred bull calves were randomly assigned at birth to 1 of 3 treatment groups: castrated (n = 22), banded (n = 18) or left intact (n = 20). Calves that were castrated or banded within 24 h after birth received a zeranol implant at that time. Calves in the intact group were castrated at 150 days of age and then implanted, and the calves in the other 2 treatment groups were re-implanted at that time. There were no differences in weaning weight, average daily gain (ADG) or weight per day of age between the 3 treatment groups. Castrating calves shortly after birth reduced stress on the animal compared to castration at a older age (day 150 to weaning). Also, early castration may be more acceptable as an animal welfare issue. It is concluded that combining castration and implanting allows producers to maximize weaning weight of calves as well as reduce the stress of castration at an older age.

Baumgartner, G. (1997). Extensively managed husbandry and animal welfare. [Extensive Tierhaltung und Tierschutz.] In: 3. Trenthorster Kolloquium, Workshop on Rearing of Cattle with Suckler Calves (Mutterkuhhaltung) as Extensive Rearing System. Studies on Appropriate and Environmentally Friendly Animal Husbandry Held Dec 5-6, 1996 Trenthorst, Germany. [Workshop Ueber Die Haltung von Rindern Mit Saugkaelbern (Mutterkuhhaltung) Als Extensive Tierhaltungsform. Studien Zur Artgerechten Und Umweltfreundlichen Tierhaltung.] FAL: Braunschweig-Voelkenrode, Germany, pp. 231-239, Series title, Landbauforschung Voelkenrode. Sonderheft (Germany), no. 177, ISSN: 0376-0723.

NAL Call Number: 18 L2353 Suppl.

Keywords: extensive husbandry, grazing lands; pastures, animal welfare, animal health, legislation, regulations, international agreements Germany, European Union, German language.

Boatto, V.; Rossetto, L. (1999). From Agenda 2000 good prospects for cattle husbandry. [Da Agenda 2000 nuove prospettive per l’allevamento bovino.] Informatore Agrario 55 (14): 29-32, ISSN: 0020-0689.

NAL Call Number: 281.8 IN32

Keywords: beef cattle, dairy cattle, regulations, production policies, support measures, cost benefit analysis, production economics,, international agreements, international organizations, Italian language, European Union, Italy.

Capucille, D.J.; Poore, M.H.; Rogers, G.M. (2002). Castration in cattle: techniques and animal welfare issues. The Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 24 (9): S66-S73, ISSN: 0193-1903.

NAL Call Number: SF601.C66

Keywords: beef cattle, castration, calves, surgery, testes, vaccination, lhrh, gnrh, antibody formation, animal welfare, pain, animal behavior, hydrocortisone, local anesthesia, lidocaine, stress, age differences.

Earley, B.; Crowe, M.A. (2002). Effects of ketoprofen alone or in combination with local anesthesia during the castration of bull calves on plasma cortisol, immunological, and inflammatory responses. Journal of Animal Science 80 (4): 1044-1052, ISSN: 0021-8812.

NAL Call Number: 49 J82

Abstract: To determine the effects of the anti-inflammatory ketoprofen, alone or with local anesthesia (LA) during castration on cortisol, immune, and acute phase responses, 40 Friesian calves (215 +- 3.5 kg) were assigned as follows: 1) control, 2) surgical castration (SURG), 3) SURG following ketoprofen (3 mg/kg BW i.v., SURG + K), 4) SURG following LA (9 mL of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride to each testis, SURG + LA), or 5) SURG following LA and K (SURG + LA + K). Total cortisol response was greater (P < 0.05) in SURG, SURG + LA, and SURG + K + LA calves than in control calves and was not different between control and SURG + K calves. The interval to peak cortisol was longer (P < 0.05) for SURG + K + LA calves than for either SURG or SURG + K calves. On d 3, KLH-induced interferon-gamma production was lower (P < 0.05) in SURG calves than in control calves, whereas concanavalin A-induced interferon-gamma production was lower (P < 0.05) in all castration groups than in control. On d 1 after surgery, fibrinogen was higher (P < 0.05) in SURG and SURG + LA calves than in control calves, whereas SURG + LA + K calves had lower (P < 0.05) fibrinogen than did SURG calves. Haptoglobin was higher (P < 0.05) in SURG calves on d 1, 3, and 7 than in control calves. On d 1 after surgery, SURG + K and SURG + LA + K calves had lower (P < 0.05) haptoglobin concentrations than SURG calves, whereas SURG + K calves had lower (P < 0.05) levels than SURG calves on d 3. In conclusion, surgical castration induced a significant elevation in cortisol secretion, the rise in cortisol was reduced to control levels by the administration of ketoprofen but not local anaesthetic. Thus, systemic analgesia using ketoprofen is more effective than local anesthesia during castration to alleviate the associated stress response.

Keywords: acute phase proteins, cortisol plasma concentration, fibrinogen, haptoglobins, hydrocortisone, interferon, ketoprofen, antiinflammatory drug, immunologic drug, immunological effects, inflammatory response effects, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, plasma cortisol effects, local anesthesia, immunological effects, inflammatory response effects, plasma cortisol effects, surgical castration, behavioral effects, surgical method, immune response, immunological responses, inflammatory responses.

Eng, K.S.; Becthel, R.; Hutcheson, D.P. (2002). Implant strategies for production of high quality beef for Japanese export market. Journal of Dairy Science 85 (Suppl. 1): 101, ISSN: 0022-0302.

NAL Call Number: 44.8 J822

Keywords: calf, steer, yearling, Ralgro, growth stimulant, hormone drug, implant, Synovex C, Synovex Plus, Synovex S, Japanese export market, USDA quality grade, average daily gain, carcass characteristics, dry matter consumption, feed conversion, meat quality, Japan, Canada.

Fjerdingby, N.; Waage, S. (2003). Comparison of two methods for the dehorning of calves. [Sammenligning av to metoder for avhorning av kalv.] Norsk Veterinaertidsskrift 115 (1): 7-15, ISSN: 0332-5741.

NAL Call Number: 41.8 N81

Keywords: calves, Norwegian Red, breed, crossbred, dehorning, electrical hot-iron tool, Leister-Ghibli, hot-air gun, comparison, sedative, local anaesthetic, plasma cortisol, behavioral testing, human contact test, discomfort, pain, Norwegian language.

Giasuddin, M.; Huque, K.S.; Alam, J. (2003). Reproductive potentials of gayal (Bos frontalis) under semi-intensive management. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 16 (3): 331-334, ISSN: 1011-2367.

NAL Call Number: SF55 A78A7

Keywords: Bos frontalis (gayal), birth weight, calving interval, conception rate, estrous cycle, gestation period, lactation, milk yield, repeat breeding, reproductive potential, seasonality, semi-intensive management, reproductive diseases, abortion, anestrous, cervicitis, metritis, Bandarban, Bangladesh.

Goonewardene, L.A.; Price, M.A.; Stookey, J.M.; Day, P.A.; Minchau, G. (1997). Effects of movement frequency, electric prod use and head gate restraint on the behaviour and growth of beef cattle. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 77 (3): 556, ISSN: 0008-3984.

NAL Call Number: 41.8 C163

Keywords: bull, heifer, electric prodding, animal movement method, movement frequency, behavior, growth rate, head gate restraint.

Gozora, V. (1996). Crises and strategies in cattle husbandry. [Krizove stavy a strategie v chove hovadzieho dobytka.] In: Current problems in production and technology of milk. [Nove poznatky v technologii vyroby a zpracovani mleka.] Scientific Pedagogical Publishing Ceske Budejovice: Czech Republic, pp. 164-166, ISBN: 80-85645-23-8.

Keywords: beef cattle, production data, production factors, costs, profitability, economics, slovak republic, Slovak language.

Guetter, O. (1997). Person to animal relationship with a suckler cow herd. [Untersuchungen zur Mensch-Tier-Beziehung an einer Mutterkuhherde.] In: 3. Trenthorster Kolloquium, Workshop on Rearing of Cattle with Suckler Calves (Mutterkuhhaltung) as Extensive Rearing System. Studies on Appropriate and Environmentally Friendly Animal Husbandry, Dec. 5-6, 1996 Trenthorst, Germany. [Workshop Ueber Die Haltung von Rindern Mit Saugkaelbern (Mutterkuhhaltung) Als Extensive Tierhaltungsform. Studien Zur Artgerechten Und Umweltfreundlichen Tierhaltung.] FAL: Braunschweig-Voelkenrode, Germany, pp. 240-242, Series title, Landbauforschung Voelkenrode. Sonderheft (Germany), no. 177, ISSN: 0376-0723.

NAL Call Number: 18 L2353 Suppl.

Keywords: beef cattle cows, mothers, human animal relationships, free range husbandry, extensive husbandry, Germany, European Union, German language.

Guiroy, P.J.; Tedeschi, L.O.; Fox, D.G.; Hutcheson, J.P. (2002). The effects of implant strategy on finished body weight of beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science 80 (7): 1791-1800, ISSN: 0021-8812.

NAL Call Number: 49 J82

Keywords: estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, trenbolone acetate, zeranol, component implant, drug delivery device, Ralgro implant, Revalor implant, Synovex implant, body composition, diet, metabolizable energy, finished body weight.

Hattori, N.; Tobioka, H.; Kinugawa, K.; Fujiwara, N.; Yamamoto, T.; Nishi, R. (1997). Preliminary application of nursing facilities for calves separated from grazing cows: Suckling milk yeild, composition and body weight of calf. Proceedings of Faculty of Agriculture - Kyushu Tokai University [Kyushu Tokai Univ., Choyo, Kumamoto (Japan). Faculty of Agriculture], 16: 25-31, ISSN: 0286-8180.

NAL Call Number: S471.J3K98

Keywords: beef cattle calves, new nursing system, suckling, weight gain, cow milk yield, grazing, weaning, Japanese language, Japan.

Ingrand, S.; Dedieu, B.; Agabriel, J.; Perochon, L. (2002). Representation of the beef cattle herd functioning according to the combination of rearing rules: a modelling approach. [Modelisation du fonctionnement d”un troupeau bovin allaitant selon la combinaison des regles de conduite. Premiers resultats de la construction du simulateur SIMBALL.] In: 9emes Rencontres autour des Recherches sur les Ruminants, Paris, France, 4-5 Decembre 2002, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France, ISBN: 2-84148-045-3.

Keywords: analytical methods, simulation models, beef cattle, suckler herds, husbandry, animal production, French language, France.

Jentsch, W.; Derno, M. (1997). Aspects of feeding at pasture. [Aspekte der Fuetterung in der Freilandhaltung.] In: 3. Trenthorster Kolloquium, Workshop on Rearing of Cattle with Suckler Calves (Mutterkuhhaltung) as Extensive Rearing System. Studies on Appropriate and Environmentally Friendly Animal Husbandry, Dec. 5-6, 1996 Trenthorst, Germany. [Workshop Ueber Die Haltung von Rindern Mit Saugkaelbern (Mutterkuhhaltung) Als Extensive Tierhaltungsform. Studien Zur Artgerechten Und Umweltfreundlichen Tierhaltung.] FAL: Braunschweig-Voelkenrode, Germany, pp. 17-31, Series title, Landbauforschung Voelkenrode. Sonderheft (Germany), no. 177, ISSN: 0376-0723.

NAL Call Number: 18 L2353 Suppl.

Keywords: beef cattle cows, mothers, young animals, animal feeding, energy metabolism, thermoregulation, extensive husbandry, free range husbandry, movement, feed intake, rumination, behavior, Germany, European Union, German language.

Jubb, T.F.; Fordyce, G.; Bolam, M.J.; Hadden, D.J.; Cooper, N.J.; Whyte, T.R.; Fitzpatrick, L.A.; Hill, F.; D”Occhio, M.J. (2003). Trial introduction of the Willis dropped ovary technique for spaying cattle in northern Australia. Australian Veterinary Journal 81 (1/2): 66-70, ISSN: 0005-0423.

NAL Call Number: 41.8 Au72

Keywords: beef cattle, Brahman, Brahman-Shorthorn, crossbred, female, heifer, Willis dropped ovary technique, ovariectomy, traditional paralumber spaying, traditional vaginal spaying method, animal welfare, body condition, body weight, mortality, pregnancy, Australia.

Jung, K.K.; Sung, S.K.; Choi, C.B. Kim, D.G. Kim, S.G.; Kim, D.Y.; Choi, B.J. (1996). Effects of castration on the carcass characteristics of Hanwoo and Holstein. Korean Journal of Animal Sciences 38 (3): 239-248, ISSN: 0367-5807.

NAL Call Number: 49.9 H19

Keywords: beef cattle, castration, carcasses, chemicophysical properties, organoleptic analysis, statistical methods, Korean language, Korea.

Keane, M.G. (1999). Effects of time of complete or split castration on performance of beef cattle. Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research 38 (1): 41-51, ISSN: 0791-6833.

NAL Call Number: S539.5 I74

Keywords: calves, spring born, Friesian, Charolais X Friesian, performance, complete castration, timing effect, split castration, agricultural method, timing effect.

Kiley-Worthington, M.; Randle, H.D. (1999). The practicalities and economics of ethologically and ecologically raised double suckled beef. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture: An International Journal 16 (4): 381-393.

NAL Call Number: S605.5 B5

Abstract: It is widely believed that beef production fulfilling the majority of the criteria for ethological and ecological husbandry is less productive and less economic than conventional beef production. It is commonly believed that organic ethologically and ecologically sound beef production must rely on premium prices. The management, production and economic performance from 1990 to 1996 of a herd of double suckling South Devon cattle on an ecological farm within the Dartmoor National Park, U.K., indicates that animal welfare, ecological, public health and aesthetic concerns can be dramatically reduced, and that this can be accompanied by better economic performance than on conventional suckler systems. The management system is outlined and its strengths and weaknesses assessed.

Keywords: economic analysis, ethics, nature conservation, sustainability, organic farming, animal welfare, suckling, animal husbandry, farm management, public health, animal behavior, beef production, England.

Kolle, C. (1996). Bio-meat for Nestle-Alete: Biologically produced meat from the suckling cow husbandry. [Biofleisch fuer Nestle-Alete.] Top agrar spezial. Landwirtschaft aktuell fuer Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 4: 15-17.

Keywords: dairy cows, beef cattle, cows, organic agriculture, quality, health foods, meat yield, meat performance, meat production, gross margins, operating costs, efficiency, profit, marketing, alternative agriculture, German, German language.

Lienard, G.; Bebin, D.; Lherm, M.; Veysset, P. (1998). Changes in harvesting and animal-rearing methods on suckler cattle grassland farms. Case of the Charolais (France). [Evolution des systemes de recolte et d”elevage en exploitations herbageres. Cas du Charolais (France).] Fourrages 155: 305-317, ISSN: 0429-2766.

NAL Call Number: 60.8 F82

Keywords: grasslands, zea mays, harvesting, hay, silage, beef cattle, suckler cows, animal husbandry methods, grazing systems, farming systems, burgundy, Limousin, French language, France.

Lyons-Johnson, D. (1998). Earlier castration reduces stress. Agricultural Research 46(8): 15. Available online at: http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/aug98/stres0898.pdf

NAL Call Number: 1.98 Ag84

Keywords: castration, age at castration, management practices, surgical castration, banding, liver protein, haptaglobin, stress.

McAllister, T.A.; Cockwill, C.L.; McDowall, J.; Yoakum, J.; Stoddard, H.L.; Tischer, D. (1998). Development of an indwelling ruminal transponder for electronic identification of beef cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 81 (Suppl. 1): 277, ISSN: 0022-0302.

NAL Call Number: 44.8 J822

Keywords: indwelling ruminal transponder development, electronic cow identifier.

Moore, D.A.; Sischo, W.M.; Festa, D.M.; Reynolds, J.P.; Atwill, E.R.; Holmberg, C.A. (2002). Influence of arrival weight, season and calf supplier on survival in Holstein beef calves on a calf ranch in California, USA. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 53 (1/2): 103-115, ISSN: 0167-5877.

NAL Call Number: SF601.P7

Keywords: beef cattle, liveweight, seasonal variation, survival, newborn animals, colostrum, animal husbandry, purchasing, mortality, risk factors, California, USA.

Mueller, C.; Andreae, U. (1997). Possibilities to intensify mother cow holding. [Denkbare Intensivierungsmoeglichkeiten bei der Mutterkuhhaltung.] In: 3. Trenthorster Kolloquium, Workshop on Rearing of Cattle with Suckler Calves (Mutterkuhhaltung) as Extensive Rearing System. Studies on Appropriate and Environmentally Friendly Animal Husbandry, Dec. 5-6, 1996 Trenthorst, Germany. [Workshop Ueber Die Haltung von Rindern Mit Saugkaelbern (Mutterkuhhaltung) Als Extensive Tierhaltungsform. Studien Zur Artgerechten Und Umweltfreundlichen Tierhaltung.] FAL: Braunschweig-Voelkenrode, Germany, pp. 243-250, Series title, Landbauforschung Voelkenrode. Sonderheft (Germany), no. 177, ISSN: 0376-0723.

NAL Call Number: 18 L2353 Suppl.

Keywords: beef cattle cows, mothers, calves, extensive husbandry, milk performance, weaning, animal feeding, animal performance, Germany, European Union, German language.

Neumann, W. (2002). Current issues in beef meat production with special reference to methods of fattening calves with cows. [Aktuelle fragen zur Rindfleischerzeugung unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Haltung von Mutterkuehen] Biuletyn Informacyjny Instytut Zootechniki 40 (3): 17-32, ISSN: 0209-2492.

NAL Call Number: SF1 K7

Abstract: In the European Union countries, beef cattle breeders make use of both beef and dairy breeds. In the latter case, commercial crossbreeding with beef breeds has been used to improve fattening efficiency and meat quality. After the unification of Germany, the Eastern Lands of Germany were affected by a high decrease in dairy cows and a growth in their yield. The number of unmilked cows, used as mothers to rear their offspring, has increased many times with the use of low-cost farm-produced fodders, mainly pastures. The beef demand crisis resulting from the BSE scandal was followed by a renewed interest in beef meat among consumers. Per capita beef consumption is increasing, although it is three times lower in Germany than in the USA. This makes prospects for this type of production, especially the production of high-quality beef graded as U and R under the EUROP system. The Land of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern has favourable conditions for the production of beef cattle. Long-term experience makes it possible to choose the most effective fattening methods and select tried and tested breeds. The most important among the dozen or so beef breeds are Charolais and their crosses with Simmentals (the synthetic line Ucermaerker) as well as Limousin in smaller herds. In pure breeding and crossbreeding (SimmentalXCharolais), these breeds give a desired product while bright colour of fattening cattle is preferred by the buyers. Efficient methods for fattening calves with mothers at pastures were developed and put in practice, often in all-year cycles. Calvings in the early spring season in large herds (March-April) and calvings in the autumn-winter season (November-December) and pasture fattening of older calves with mothers in smaller herds are used. In the latter case, calf mortality is higher but they use pasture more efficiency. The suckling period is the minimum of 5 to 6 months. By that time, calves should achieve 250 kg (bulls) or 210 kg (calves) of body weight. At 5 months of age, calves should be separated from the bulls. Special attention is paid to the selection of bulls. They are tested for calf size and ease of calving such that calvings take place without breeder”s interference and without deaths of calves. Beef cattle production based on rearing calves at pasture is ecological in the full sense of this word. Regardless of the fact that it provides a product of the highest quality, it should be given special subsidies due to its ecological character.

Keywords: beef, breed, Charolais, Limousin x Charolais, Simmental x Charolais, animal breeding, meat product, production, quality, bull selection, calf fattening, cow-based methods, Germany.

Nielsen, B.; Thamsborg, S.M. (2002). Dairy bull calves as a resource for organic beef production: a farm survey in Denmark. Livestock Production Science 75 (3): 245-255, ISSN: 0301-6226.

NAL Call Number: SF1.L5

Keywords: beef cattle, organic farming, beef production, dairy bulls, surveys, finishing, ethics, animal husbandry, farmers, farmers’ attitudes, interviews, dairy farming, feeds, steers, grazing, Denmark.

Pardo, A.C.J. (1996). Problems of the extensive husbandry in Spain. [Problematica de la ganaderia extensiva en Espana.] Estudios Geograficos 57(222): 125-149, ISSN: 0014-1496.

Keywords: extensive husbandry, pastoralism, intensification, economics, extensive farming, Spanish language, Southern Europe, Spain.

Podebradsky, Z. (1997). Economics of cattle husbandry (Pt.2) (Review). [Ekonomika chovu skotu, II. dil.] Ustav Zemedelskych a Potravinarskych Informaci: Prague, Czech Republic, Studijni Informace - Zivocisna Vyroba No. 4, 67 p., ISSN: 0862-3562.

NAL Call Number: SF1.S78

Keywords: milk production, dairy cows, milk yield, beef cattle, weight gain, weight, feed consumption, feeds, housing, litter for bedding, veterinary services, costs, profit, prices, Czech language, Czech Republic.

Reinhardt, V. (2002). Artificial weaning of calves: benefits and costs. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 5 (3): 247-251, ISSN: 1088-8705.

NAL Call Number: QL55 H8

Keywords: husbandry, welfare, beef cattle, calves, cost benefit analysis, weaning.

Revilla, R.; Sanz, A.; Bernu s, A.; Casas s, I. (2002). Management alternatives in extensive systems. [Alternativas de manejo en los sistemas extensivos.] Mundo Ganadero No. 149 Suppl, p. xii-xvi, ISSN: 0214-9192.

Keywords: suckler cows, beef cattle, extensive husbandry, livestock management, feeding level, body condition, feeding systems, animal performance, husbandry methods, Spanish language.

Rodriguez Castanon, A.A. (1996). Extensive husbandry in Cantabrian Mountains (Spain). [Ganaderia extensiva en la Cordillera Cantabrica.] Agricultura 764: 214-217, ISSN: 0002-1334.

Keywords: extensive husbandry, performance, husbandry methods, farming systems, Spanish language, Spain.

Schwartzkopf-Genswein, K.S.; Stookey, J.M.; Crowe, T.G.; Genswein, B.M.A. (1998). Comparison of image analysis, exertion force, and behavior measurements for use in the assessment of beef cattle responses to hot-iron and freeze branding. Journal of Animal Science 76 (4): 972, ISSN: 0021-8812.

NAL Call Number: 49 J82

Abstract: 33 steers were randomly assigned to 3 groups: freeze-branding, (F), hot-iron branding (H) and sham branding (S) treatments. The responses of all steers were videotaped to quantify the amount and intensity of head movements during branding. In addition, the force that steers exerted on the headgate and squeeze chute during branding was recorded using strain gauges and load cells. Behavioural indicators of pain (tail-flicking, kicking, falling and vocalizing) were also recorded. H steers had greater maximum and average head movement distances and velocities than F or S steers, and F steers only had greater maximum values than S animals. The maximum exertion forces obtained from headgate load cells were also greater in H than in F or S steers, however, no differences were observed between H and F treatments for squeeze load cell or headgate strain gauge data. H steers had the greatest incidence of tail-flicks, kicks, falls in the chute and vocalizations, and S steers had the least. It is concluded that H steers experienced more discomfort at the time of branding than F and S steers, and F steers also experienced more discomfort than S steers. Image analysis was a better technique for detecting treatment differences compared with exertion force measurements and frequency counts of during branding.

Keywords: steers, branding, pain, stress, animal behavior, head movement, tail-flicks, kicks, falls, vocalization, animal welfare, freeze branding, hot iron branding, sham branding, headgate squeeze chute.

Schwartzkopf, K.S.; Stookey, J.M.; Depassille, A.M.; Rushen, J.; Watts, J. (1996). Effect of hot, iron and freeze branding on cortisol levels and pain sensitivity in beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science 74 (Suppl. 1): 132, ISSN: 0021-8812.

NAL Call Number: 49 J82

Keywords: cortisol, escape behavior, stress-induced analgesia.

Spire, M.F. (1997). Managing replacement heifers from weaning to breeding. Veterinary Medicine 92 (2): 182-192, ISSN: 8750-7943.

NAL Call Number: 41.8 M69

Keywords: beef cattle, replacement, heifers, weaning, breeding, animal breeding methods, nutrition, anthelmintics, growth promoters, culling, genetics, animal production, fertility, frame scores, herd size, growth promoting implants.

Staalhammar, H.; Philipsson, J. (1997). Sex-specific genetic parameters for weaning and post-weaning gain in Swedish beef cattle under field conditions. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section A. Animal Science 47 (3): 138-147, ISSN: 0906-4702.

NAL Call Number: S3.A27

Keywords: extensive husbandry, weaning, genetic parameters, heritability, genetic gain, Sweden.

Steen, S. (1997). Studies into adaptation of mother cows of Deutsche Schwarzbunte,Deutsche Rotbunte and of crossbreed Galloway x Holstein-Friesian and their offspring during the grazing period. [Studien zur Anpassung der Mutterkuehe der Rassen Deutsch Schwarzbunte, Deutsch Rotbunte und der Kreuzung Galloway x Holstein-Friesian sowie ihrer Nachkommen waehrend des Weideganges.] In: 3. Trenthorster Kolloquium, Workshop on Rearing of Cattle with Suckler Calves (Mutterkuhhaltung) as Extensive Rearing System. Studies on Appropriate and Environmentally Friendly Animal Husbandry, Dec. 5-6, 1996 Trenthorst, Germany. [Workshop Ueber Die Haltung von Rindern Mit Saugkaelbern (Mutterkuhhaltung) Als Extensive Tierhaltungsform. Studien Zur Artgerechten Und Umweltfreundlichen Tierhaltung.] FAL: Braunschweig-Voelkenrode, Germany, pp. 88-109, Series title, Landbauforschung Voelkenrode. Sonderheft (Germany), no. 177, ISSN: 0376-0723.

NAL Call Number: 18 L2353 Suppl.

Keywords: calves, cows, mothers, dairy cows, colostrum, immunity, immunoglobulins, extensive husbandry, intensive husbandry, Germany, European Union, German language.

Steinhardt, M.; Thielscher, H.H. (1997). Body constitution traits and rearing performance in German Red and White, German Black and White Breed and in crosses Galloway x Holstein Friesian kept loose house during winter. [Konstitutionskriterien und Aufzuchtleistung der Deutschen Rotbunten (DRB), Deutschen Schwarzbunten (DSB) und der Kreuzung Galloway x Holstein Friesian (G x HF) waehrend der Winterstallhaltung.] In: 3. Trenthorster Kolloquium, Workshop on Rearing of Cattle with Suckler Calves (Mutterkuhhaltung) as Extensive Rearing System. Studies on Appropriate and Environmentally Friendly Animal Husbandry, Dec. 5-6, 1996 Trenthorst, Germany. [Workshop Ueber Die Haltung von Rindern Mit Saugkaelbern (Mutterkuhhaltung) Als Extensive Tierhaltungsform. Studien Zur Artgerechten Und Umweltfreundlichen Tierhaltung.] FAL: Braunschweig-Voelkenrode, Germany, pp. 46-70, Series title, Landbauforschung Voelkenrode. Sonderheft (Germany), no. 177, ISSN: 0376-0723.

NAL Call Number: 18 L2353 Suppl.

Keywords: beef cattle, cows, mothers, calves, lactation, weight, weight gain, weight losses, body condition, nutritional status, winter, housing, blood composition, metabolism, testing, Germany, European Union, German language.

Stookey,J.M.; Goonewardene, L.A. (1996). A comparison of production traits and welfare implications between horned and polled beef bulls. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 76 (1): 1-5, ISSN: 0008-3984.

NAL Call Number: 41.8 C163

Keywords: beef bulls, Charolais, Hereford, breed, polled condition, horns, live weight gain, body weight, scrotum, backfat, fat, thickness, dehorning, animal welfare.

Stookey, J.M.; Watts, J.M.; Schwartzkopf, K.S. (1996). Effects of restraint and branding on subsequent ease of movement through a chute in beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science 74 (Suppl. 1): 133, ISSN: 0021-8812.

NAL Call Number: 49 J82

Keywords: aversion, habituation process, hot-iron branding.

Sunandar, N.; Kusnadi, U.; Sugandi, D. (1996). Family participation in fattening Ongole cattle with “Kereman” system. [Penyerapan tenaga kerja keluarga petani-ternak oleh usaha penggemukan sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) sistem kereman.] In: Proceedings of Scientific Meeting on Animal Husbandry Research Results: Application for Small Scale Industry. [Prosiding Temu Ilmiah Hasil-hasil Penelitian Peternakan: Aplikasi Hasil Penelitian Untuk Industri Peternakan Rakyat.] Basuno, E.; Mahyuddin, P.B.; Saepudin, Y.; Hidayat, S. (eds.), Balitnak: Bogor, Indonesia, pp. 149-158, ISBN: 979-8261-27-5.

Keywords: beef cattle fattening, family labor, farmer income, crop management, java, Indonesian language, Indonesia..

Surmacz, F. (2000). Intensive beef cattle breeding and husbandry with full utilization of environment conditions in Agrofirm "Witkowo" - Western-Pommeranien voivodeship. [Intensywny chow i hodowla bydla miesnego z pelnym wykorzysta niem warunkow przyrodniczych w Spoldzielczej Agrofirm "Witkowo".] Annals of Warsaw Agricultural University. Animal Science 35 (Suppl.): 197-202, ISSN: 0298-5739.

Keywords: herd structure, breeding systems, husbandry, feeding, housing, fattening, cooperative activities, livestock management, Polish language, Poland.

Ting, S.T.L.; Earley, B.; Hughes, J.M.L.; Crowe, M.A. (2002). Effect of ketoprofen, local anesthesia, and caudal epidural anesthesia during castration of beef cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 85 (Suppl. 1): 31, ISSN: 0022-0302.

NAL Call Number: 44.8 J822

Keywords: breed, Holstein x Friesian, bull, plasma, blood and lymphatics, acute phase proteins, cortisol, fibrinogen, interferon-gamma, ketoprofen, analgesic drug, local anesthesia, burdizzo castration, caudal epidural anesthesia, growth rate, immune function.

NAL Call Number: 44.8 J822

Ting, S.T.L.; Earley, B.; Crowe, M.A. (2002). Effect of time and frequency of administration of ketoprofen during surgical castration of beef cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 85 (Suppl. 1): 246, ISSN: 0022-0302.

NAL Call Number: 44.8 J822

Keywords: breed, Holstein x Friesian, bull, calf, male, interferon gamma, plasma, acute phase proteins, cortisol, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, ketoprofen, analgesic drug, dosage, surgical castration, surgical method, average daily feed intake, immune function.

Ungar, E.D. (2002). BokerTov: A record-keeping and analysis program for beef herds at pasture. Agronomy Journal 94 (3): 493-500, ISSN: 0002-1962.

NAL Call Number: SB1 A37

Keywords: beef herds, BokerTov, analysis program, computer software, record-keeping program, individual animal data, pasture characteristics.

Viljoen, S. (2001). The ABC of beef production - 1. Preparing for a severe winter. Farmer’s Weekly 91019: 18-19.

Keywords: cows, winter, feeding, rations, growth, stocking density, livestock management, South Africa.

Viljoen, S. (2001). ABC of beef production - 2. Take the worry out of weaning. Farmer’s Weekly 91020: 24-25.

Keywords: calves, weaning, cows, weight gain, weight losses, weaning weight, South Africa.

von Boberfeld, W.O.; Woehler, K.; Erhardt, G.; Gauly, M.; Urban, C.; Seufert, H.; Wagner, A. (2002). Perspectives of grassland utilisation in peripheral regions. [Nutzungsperspektiven fuer Gruenland peripherer regionen.] Berichte ueber Landwirtschaft 80 (3): 419-445, ISSN: 0005-9080.

NAL Call Number: 18 G31

Abstract: Decreasing numbers of dairy cows and increasing individual milk performance as a consequence of enhanced quality of basic forage and the increasing importance of concentrates caused a redundancy of grassland. It is deducible from the recent development of livestock, that in particular in peripheral regions, keeping of suckler cows and beef cattle may be interesting, irrespective of the farm size. Dominant factors for the economic success of suckler cow and beef cattle keeping are the marketing performance and costs for stables, forage, and work. This paper focuses on the analysis of the cost items. The results can be summarized as follows: Outdoor stock keeping during winter in form of winter grazing, straw folds or folds on arable land are options to save costs for stables. This system is possible to practice ecologically friendly and according to demands of animal comfort. The extension of the grazing period by a careful defoliation during the vegetation period helps to save costs for conserves, provided that the soil type of the pastures is usable and the available soils have a sufficient bearing capacity. Concerning the plant communities Lolio- and Festuco-Cynosuretum, the forage value was acceptable, depending on year. Following forage traits were analysed: energy concentration, crude protein concentration, ergosterol concentrations, and concentrations of common mycotoxines, like zearalenon and ochratoxin A. Instead of hay or straw, silage can be an excellent alternative. But measured nitrate concentrations in herbage were insufficient, irrespective of the site, which makes it necessary to use appropriate silage additives. Alternative breeding traits like behavioural traits related to temperament and traits of disease resistance are more and more of importance in beef battle breeding. Because ease of handling is influenced by the intensity of human-animal contacts, difficulties in handling can occur under extensive management systems. Then the safety of the stockperson and the welfare of the animal are at risk, handling is more labour intensive and time consuming and therefore causes increased production costs. Genetic differences in temperament in German Angus and Simmental cattle are shown. Temperament was defined as the behavioural response of the animal to handling under different situations. German Angus and male calves in both breeds were less difficult to handle regarding the different parameters. The results were proofed at different ages. Simmental cattle have been raised under more intensive production systems than German Angus cattle in the past. Therefore they are more used to human contact. Bad temperament is more common in cattle reared in intensive systems, because under these conditions, genetically based poor temperament is masked by the intensive handling. The estimated heritabilities of the behavioural traits open a way of selection for temperament in German Angus and Simmental cattle. The process costs on the farm are very high, if they are compared with the costs of farms in the east of Germany or with intensive grassland management e.g. in “Schleswig Holstein”. They are even higher if the yield in energy value is comprised to the evaluation. So the results are causal in context with high machine-costs and unfavourable field-structure on the one side and low yield because of an extensive cultivation on the other side. To reduce this high costs a cost oriented use of technique and the use of modem agricultural systems, - e.g. the use of Conditioners or automotive mowers - could be a possibility. Also a structural change effects an economy of process costs. If an enlargement of fieldsize or a reduction of the farm-field distance is to prefer, it shouldn”t be evaluated separately from the aspects of transport-linked and non-transport-linked field operations as well as the investment and the degree of utilisation.

Keywords: Angus, Simmental, Schleswig Holstein, breed, extensive cultivation, extensive management system, grassland utilization, hay, feed, pasture grazing, silage, straw, temperament traits. Copyright© 2003, CAB International

Yeruham, I.; Perl, S.; Nyska, A. (1996). Skin tumours in cattle and sheep after freeze, or heat, branding. Journal of Comparative Pathology 114 (1): 101-106, ISSN: 0021-9975.

NAL Call Number: 41.8 J82

Keywords: dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep, freeze-branding, heat-branding, tattooing with liquid nitrogen, carcinogenic epidermal neoplasia, papillomatosis, skin tumors, squamous cell carcinoma.

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