Stage I Wilms Tumor
Stage II Wilms Tumor
Stage III Wilms Tumor
Stage IV Wilms Tumor
Stage V Wilms Tumor
Inoperable Tumors
Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney
Rhabdoid Tumor of the Kidney
Neuroepithelial Tumor of the Kidney
Mesoblastic Nephroma
Renal Cell Cancer
Diffuse Hyperplastic Perilobar Nephroblastomatosis
Recurrent Wilms Tumor and Other Childhood Kidney Tumors

A link to a list of current clinical trials is included for each treatment section. For some types or stages of cancer, there may not be any trials listed. Check with your doctor for clinical trials that are not listed here but may be right for you.

Treatment of stage I Wilms tumor with favorable histology may include the following:

• Nephrectomy with lymph node removal followed by combination chemotherapy.
• A clinical trial of nephrectomy with lymph node removal, followed by observation or new combinations of chemotherapy.

Treatment of stage I anaplastic Wilms tumor may include the following:

• Nephrectomy with lymph node removal followed by combination chemotherapy.
• A clinical trial of nephrectomy with lymph node removal, followed by combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI's PDQ Cancer Clinical Trials Registry that are now accepting patients with stage I Wilms tumor.

Treatment of stage II Wilms tumor with favorable histology may include the following:

• Nephrectomy with removal of lymph nodes, followed by combination chemotherapy.
• A clinical trial of nephrectomy with removal of lymph nodes, followed by new combinations of chemotherapy.

Treatment of stage II anaplastic Wilms tumor may include the following:

• Nephrectomy with removal of lymph nodes, followed by radiation therapy to the abdomen and combination chemotherapy.
• A clinical trial of nephrectomy with removal of lymph nodes, followed by new combinations of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI's PDQ Cancer Clinical Trials Registry that are now accepting patients with stage II Wilms tumor.

Treatment of stage III Wilms tumor with favorable histology may include the following:

• Nephrectomy with removal of lymph nodes, followed by radiation therapy to the abdomen and combination chemotherapy.
• A clinical trial of nephrectomy with removal of lymph nodes, followed by radiation therapy to the abdomen and new combinations of chemotherapy.

Treatment of stage III anaplastic Wilms tumor may include the following:

• Nephrectomy with removal of lymph nodes, followed by radiation therapy to the abdomen and combination chemotherapy.
• A clinical trial of nephrectomy with removal of lymph nodes, followed by new combinations of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI's PDQ Cancer Clinical Trials Registry that are now accepting patients with stage III Wilms tumor.

Treatment of stage IV Wilms tumor with favorable histology may include the following:

• Nephrectomy with removal of lymph nodes, followed by radiation therapy to the abdomen and combination chemotherapy. If cancer has spread to the lungs, patients will also receive radiation therapy to the lungs.
• A clinical trial of chemotherapy for cancer that has spread only to the lungs. If tumors remain after chemotherapy, radiation therapy may be given.
• A clinical trial of chemotherapy and radiation therapy to places where cancer has spread.

Treatment of stage IV anaplastic Wilms tumor may include nephrectomy with removal of lymph nodes, followed by new combinations of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI's PDQ Cancer Clinical Trials Registry that are now accepting patients with stage IV Wilms tumor.

Treatment of stage V Wilms tumor may be different for each patient. Treatment is usually chemotherapy to shrink the tumor, followed by surgery to remove as much of the cancer as possible. This may be followed by more chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy if cancer remains after surgery.

Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI's PDQ Cancer Clinical Trials Registry that are now accepting patients with stage V Wilms tumor.

Sometimes the tumor is inoperable (cannot be removed by surgery) because it is too close to important organs or blood vessels or because it is too large to remove. In this case, chemotherapy may be given to reduce the size of the tumor so it may be removed in surgery. If the tumor does not shrink enough after chemotherapy, radiation therapy may be given to shrink it further so that surgery may be done. This may be followed by more chemotherapy and/or more radiation therapy.

There is no standard treatment for clear cell sarcoma of the kidney. Treatment is usually within a clinical trial and may include nephrectomy with lymph node removal, with or without radiation therapy to the abdomen, and new combinations of chemotherapy.

Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI's PDQ Cancer Clinical Trials Registry that are now accepting patients with clear cell sarcoma of the kidney.

There is no standard treatment for rhabdoid tumor of the kidney. Treatment may be within a clinical trial and may include new combinations of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI's PDQ Cancer Clinical Trials Registry that are now accepting patients with rhabdoid tumor of the kidney.

There is no standard treatment for neuroepithelial tumor of the kidney. Treatment is usually within a clinical trial. It may be treated in the same way that Ewing family of tumors or primitive neuroectodermal tumors are treated. See the PDQ summary on Ewing Family of Tumors Treatment for more information.

Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI's PDQ Cancer Clinical Trials Registry that are now accepting patients with peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney.

Treatment for mesoblastic nephroma is usually surgery with or without chemotherapy.

Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI's PDQ Cancer Clinical Trials Registry that are now accepting patients with congenital mesoblastic nephroma.

Treatment of renal cell cancer is usually nephrectomy with removal of lymph nodes. If cancer has spread, treatment may include biologic therapy or surgery to remove the primary tumor. See the PDQ summary on Renal Cell Cancer Treatment for more information.

Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI's PDQ Cancer Clinical Trials Registry that are now accepting patients with childhood renal cell carcinoma.

Treatment of diffuse hyperplastic perilobar nephroblastomatosis (DHPLN) may include nephrectomy with lymph node removal followed by combination chemotherapy. A partial nephrectomy may be done to keep as much kidney function as possible.

Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI's PDQ Cancer Clinical Trials Registry that are now accepting patients with diffuse hyperplastic perilobar nephroblastomatosis.

Treatment of recurrent Wilms tumor may be within a clinical trial of combination chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy, with or without stem cell transplant, using the child's own blood stem cells.

Treatment of recurrent clear cell sarcoma, rhabdoid tumor, and neuroepithelial tumor of the kidney is usually within a clinical trial.

Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI's PDQ Cancer Clinical Trials Registry that are now accepting patients with recurrent Wilms tumor and other childhood kidney tumors.

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