Refbyyr.rtf Last updated Sep.20, 2005 

 

Selected citations for measles virus genotypes and molecular epidemiology, 1991-2005 

 

 

Publications 2005 

 

Bellini, W.J., Rota, J.S., Lowe L.E., et al. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: More cases of 
this fatal disease are prevented by measles immunization than previously recognized. J Infect 
Dis. 2005 (in press). 

 

Djebbi, A., Bahri, O., Mokhrariazad, T. et al. Identification of measles virus genotypes from 
recent outbreaks in countries from the Eastern Mediterranean Region. J Clin Virol. 2005;34:1-6. 

 

Forcic, D., Ivancic, J., Baricevic, M., et al. Genetic characterization of wild type measles virus 
isolated in Croatia during the 2003-2004 outbreak. J Med Virol. 2005;75:307-312. 

 

Korukluoglu, G., Liffick, S., Guris, D., et al. Genetic characterization of measles viruses isolated 
in Turkey during 2000 and 2001. Virol J. 2005 [http://www.virologyj.com/content/2/1/58]. 

 

Mizuta, K., Abiko, C., Murata, T., et al. An outbreak of measels virus infection due to a 
genotype D9 at a junior high school in Yamagata, Japan in 2004. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2005; 58:98-
100. 

 

Mosquera, M.M., de Ory, F., Echevarría, J.E., and The Network of Laboratories in the Spanish 
National Measles Elimination Plan. Measles virus genotype circulation in Spain after 
implementation of the National Measles Elimination Plan 2001-2003. J Med Virol. 2005;75:137-
146. 

 

Muwonge, A., Nanyunja, M., Rota, P.A. et al. New measles genotype, Uganda. Emerg Inf Dis. 
2005; 11:1522-26. 

 

Riddell, M., Rota J.S., Rota, P.A. Review of the temporal and geographical distribution of 
measles virus genotypes in the prevaccine and postvaccine eras. Virol J 2005 (in press). 

 

WHO. New genotype of measles virus and update on global distribution of measles genotypes. 
Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2005 (in press). 

 

 

Publications 2004 

 

Nakayama, T., Fujino, M., and Yoshida, N. Molecular epidemiology of measles virus in Japan. 

Pediatr Int. 2004;46:214-223. 

 

Oliveira, M.I., Curti, S.P., Figueiredo, C.A., Sardinha, A.M., Sallum, M.A., Durigon, E.L. 
Molecular analysis of a measles virus isolate from Brazil: a case originating in Japan. Acta Virol. 


2004;48:9-14. 

 

Rota, P.A., Rota J.S., Redd, S.B., Papania, M.J., and Bellini, W.J. Genetic analysis of measles 
viruses isolated in the United States between 1989 and 2001: Absence of an endemic genotype 
since 1994. J Infect Dis. 2004;189:S160-164. 

 

Tipples, G.A., Gray, M., Garbutt, M., Rota, P.A. and the Canadian Measles Surveillance 
Program. Genotyping of measles virus in Canada: 1979-2002. J Infect Dis. 2004;189:S171-176. 

 

Tischer, A., Santibanez, S., Siedler A., Heider A., Hengel H. Laboratory investigations are 
indispensable to monitor the progress of measles elimination--results of the German Measles 
Sentinel 1999-2003. J. Clin. Virol. 2004;31:165-178. 

 

Zandotti, C., Jeantet D., Lambert, F., et al. Re-emergence of measles among young adults in 
Marseilles, France. Eur J Epidemiol. 2004;19:891-3. 

 

 

 

 Publications 2003 

 

Chibo, D., Riddell, M., Catton, M., Lyon, M., Lum, G., and Birch, C. Studies of measles viruses 
circulating in Australia between 1999 and 2001 reveals a new genotype. Virus Res. 2003;91:213-
221. 

 

Horm, S.V., Dumas, C., Svay, S., Feldon, K., and Reynes, J-M. Genetic characterization of wild-
type measles viruses in Cambodia. Virus Research 2003;97:31-37. 

 

Kubo, H., Iritani, N., and Seto, Y. Co-circulation of two genotypes of measles virus and mutual 
change of the prevailing genotypes every few years in Osaka, Japan. J. Med. Virol. 

2003;69:273-278. 

 

Mbugua, F.M, Okoth, F.A., Gray, M., et al. Molecular epidemiology of measles virus in Kenya. 

Jrl. Med Virol. 2003;71:599-604. 

 

Na, B-K., Shin, J-M., Lee, J-Y., et al. Genetic and antigenic characterization of measles viruses 
that circulated in Korea during the 2000-2001 epidemic. J. Med. Virol. 2003;70:649-654. 

 

WHO. Update of the nomenclature for describing the genetic characteristics of wild-type 
measles viruses: new genotypes and reference strains. Wkly Epidemiol. Rec. 2003;78:229-232. 

 

Zhou, J., Fujino M., Inou, Y., et al. H1 genotype of measles virus was detected in outbreaks in 
Japan after 2000. J. Med. Virol. 2003;70:642-648. 

 

 Publications 2002 

 

Alla, A., Liffick S.L., Newton, B.N., Elaouad, R., Rota, P.A., and Bellini, W.J. Genetic analysis 


of measles viruses isolated in Morocco. J. Med. Virol. 2002;68:441-444. 

 

Chibo, D., Riddell, M., Catton, M., and Birch, C. Novel measles virus genotype, East Timor and 
Australia. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2002;8:735-37. 

 

Christensen, LS, Scholler S, Schierup MH, et al. Sequence analysis of measles virus strains 
collected during the pre- and early-vaccination era in Denmark reveals a considerable diversity 
of ancient strains. APMIS 2002;110(2):113-22. 

 

Coughlan, S., Connell, J., Cohen B. et al. Suboptimal measles-mumps-rubella vaccination 
coverage facilitates an imported measles outbreak in Ireland. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2002;35:84-6. 

 

El Mubarak, H.S., vande Bildt, M.W.G., Mustafa, O.A., et al. Genetic characterization of wild-
type measles viruses circulating in suburban Khartoum, 1997-2000. J. Gen Virol. 2002;83:1437-
1443. 

 

Jin, L., Beard, S., Hunjan R., Brown, D., and Miller, E. Characterization of measles virus strains 
causing SSPE: A study of 11 cases. J. Neurovirol. 2002; 8(4):335-344. 

 

Kouomou, D.W., Nerrienet, E., Mfoupouendoun, J., Tene, G., Whittle, H., and Wild, T.F. 
Measles virus strains circulating in central and West Africa: Geographical distribution of two B3 
genotypes. J. Med. Virol.. 2002;68:433-440. 

 

Kubo, H., Iritani, N., Murakami, T., and Haruki, K. Isolation of a wild type measles virus 
classified as genotype H1 in Osaka City. Jpn. J. Infect. Dis. 2002;55:177-79. 

 

Miki, K., Komase K., Mgone, C.S., Kawanishi, R., Iijima, M., Mgone, J.M., Asuo, P.G., Alpers, 
M.P., Takasu, T., and Mizutani, T. Molecular ananlysis of measles virus genome derived from 
SSPE and acute measles patients in Papus, New Guinea. J. Med. Virol. 2002;68:105-112. 

 

Oliveira, M.I., Rota, P.A., Curti, S.P., Figueiredo, C.A., Afonso, A.M.S., et al. Genetic 
homogeneity of measles viruses associated with a measles outbreak, São Paulo, Brazil, 1997. 
Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2002;8(8):808-813. 

 

Rota, P.A., Liffick, S.L., Rota, J.S., Katz, R.S., Redd, S., Papania, M., and Bellini, W.J. 

Molecular epidemiology of measles viruses in the United States, 1997-2001. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 
2002;8(9):902-908. 

 

Santibanez. S., Tischer, A., Heider, A., Siedler, A., and Hengel, H. Rapid replacement of 
endemic measles virus genotypes. J. Gen. Virol. 2002;83:2699-2708. 

 

Wairagkar, N., Rota, P.A., Liffick, S., Shaikh, N., Padbidri, V.S., and Bellini, W.J. 
Characterization of measles sequences from Pune, India. J Med Virol. 2002;68:611-614 

 

 Publications 2001 

 


Liffick, S, Thoung, N, Xu, W. et al. Genetic characterization of contemporary wild-type viruses 
from Vietnam and China: identification of two genotypes within clade H. Virus Res. 2001;77:81-
7. 

 

Na, B-K., Lee, J-S., Shin G-C., et al. Sequence analysis of hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein 
genes of measles viruses isolated in Korea during the 2000 epidemic. Virus Res. 2001;81:143-
149. 

 

Nigatu,W., Jin, L., Cohen, B.J., Nokes, D.J., Etana, M., Cutts, F.T. and Brown, D.W.G. Measles 
virus circulating in Ethiopia during 1998-1999: identification of a new genotype J. Med. Virol. 
2001;65:373-380. 

 

Siqueira, M.M., Castro-Silav, R., Cruz, C., Oliveira, I.C., Cunha, G.M.C., Mello, M., Rota, P.A., 
Bellini, W.J., and Friedrich., F. Genomic characterization of wild-type measles viruses that 
circulated in different states in Brazil during the 1997 measles epidemic. J. Med. Virol. 
2001;63:299-304. 

 

Truong, T.A., Mulders, M.N., Gautam, D.C., Ammerlaan,W., De Swart, R., Chwan-Chuen, K., 
Osterhaus, A.D.M.E., and Muller, C.P. Genetic analysis of Asian measles virus strains-new 
endemic genotype in Nepal. Virus Res. 2001;76:71-78. 

 

WHO. Nomenclature for describing the genetic characteristics of wild-type measles viruses 
(update)- part II. Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. 2001;76:249-251. 

 

WHO. Nomenclature for describing the genetic characteristics of wild-type measles viruses 
(update)-part I. Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. 2001;76:242-247. 

 

 

 

 Publications 2000 

 

Barrero, P.R., de Wolff, C.D., Passeggi, C.A., and Mischenko, A.S. Sequence analysis of 
measles virus hemagglutinin isolated in Argentina during the 1997-1998 outbreak. J. Med. Virol. 
2000; 60:91-96. 

 

Baumeister, E, Siqueira, M.M., Savy, V., and Friedrich, F. Genetic characterization of wild-type 
measles viruses isolated during the 1998 measles epidemic in Argentina. Acta Virologica 
2000;44:169-174. 

 

Canepa, E., Siqueira, M.M., Hortal, M., and Friedrich, F. Recent measles viral activity in 
Uruguay: serological and genetic approaches. Acta Virol. 2000;44:35-39. 

 

Chibo, D., Birch, C.J., Rota, P.A., and Catton, M.G. Molecular characterization of measles 
viruses isolated in Victoria, Australia, between 1973 and 1998. J. Gen. Virol. 2000;81:2511-
2518. 

 


de Swart, R.L., Wertheim-van Dillen P.M., van Binnendijk, R.S., Muller, C.P., Frenkel, J., and 
Osterhaus, A.D. Measles in a Dutch hospital introduced by an immunocompromised infant from 
Indonesia with a new virus genotype. Lancet 2000;355:201-202. 

 

Hanses F., van Binnendijk, R., Ammerlaan, W., Truong, A.T., de Rond L., Schneider, F., and 
Muller, C.P. Genetic variability of measles viruses circulating in the Benelux. Arch. Virol. 
2000;145:541-551. 

 

Rota, P.A., Liffick, S., Rosenthal, S., Heriyanto, B., and Chua, K.B. Measles genotype G2 in 
Indonesia and Malaysia. (Letter) Lancet 2000;355:1557-1560. 

 

Rota, J.S., Bellini, W.J., and Rota, P.A. Measles. In: Thompson, R.C.A. (Ed.). Molecular 
Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases. London: Arnold Publishers; 2000; 168-180. 

 

Takahashi, M., Nakayama, T., Kashigawi, Y., Takami, T., Sonoda, S., Yamanaka, T., Ochiai, H., 
Ihara, T., and Tajima, T. Single genotype of measles virus is dominant whereas several 
genotypes of mumps virus are co-circulating. J. Med. Virol. 2000;62:278-285. 

 

 Publications 1999 

 

Hanses, F., Truong, A.T., Ammerlaan, W., Ikusika, O., Adu, F., Oyefolu, A.O., Omilabu, S.A., 
and Muller, C.P. Molecular epidemiology of Nigerian and Ghanian measles virus isolates reveals 
a genotype circulating widely in western and central Africa. J. Gen. Virol 1999;80:871-877. 

 

Santibanez, S., Heider, A., Gerike, E., Agafonov, A., and Schreier, E. Genotyping of measles 
virus isolates from central Europe and Russia. J. Med. Virol. 1999;58:313-320. 

 

Truong, A.T., Ammerlaan, W., Hartter, H.K., Adu, F., Omilabu, S.A., Ovefolu, A.O., Berbers, 
G.A., and Muller, C.P. Genotypic and antigenic characterization of hemagglutinin proteins of 
African measles virus isolates. Virus Res.1999;62:89-95. 

 

 Publications 1998 

 

Ayata, M., Kimoto, T., Hayashi, K., Toshiyuki, S., Murata, R., and Ogura, H. Nucleotide 
sequences of the matrix protein gene of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis viruses compared 
with local contemporary isolates from patients with acute measles. Virus Res.1998;54:107-115. 

 

Bellini, W.J., and Rota, P.A. Genetic diversity of wild-type measles viruses: Implications for 
global measles elimination programs. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 1998;4:29-35. 

 

Giraudon, P., Jacquier, M.F., and Wild, T.F. Antigenic analysis of African measles virus field 
isolates: identification and localisation of one conserved and two variable epitope sites on the NP 
protein. Virus Res. 1998;18:137-152. 

 

Jin, L., Knowles, W.A., Rota, P.A., Bellini, W.J. and Brown, D.W.G. Genetic and antigenic 
characterisation of the haemagglutinin protein of measles virus strains recently circulating in the 


UK. Virus Res. 1998;55:107-113. 

 

Jin, L., Sun, U.J., Ge, L., and Brown, D.W.G. Characterization of a new genotype of measles 
virus detected in China and England. Epidemiol. Infect. 1998;121: 691-697. 

 

Oliveira, I., Curti, S.P., Figueiredo, C.A., et al. Genetic analysis of measles virus in Sao Paulo, 
Brazil. Virus Rev. Res.1998;3:7-8. 

 

Rota, J.S., Rota, P.A., Redd, S.B., Redd, S.C., Pattamadilok, S., and Bellini, W.J. Genetic 
analysis of measles viruses isolated in the United States, 1995-1996. J. Infect. Dis. 
1998;177:204-208. 

 

WHO. Standardization of the nomenclature for describing the genetic characteristics of wild-
type measles viruses. Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. 1998;73:265-272. 

 

Xu, W.B., Tamin, A., Rota, J.S., LiBi, Z., Bellini, W.J., and Rota, P.A. New genetic group of 
measles virus isolated in the People’s Republic of China. Virus Res. 1998;54:147-156. 

 

 Publications 1997 

 

Heider, A., Santibanez, S., Tischer, A., Gerike, E., Tikhonova, N., Ignatyev, G., Enders, G., 
Mrazova, M., and Schreier, E. Comparative investigation of the long non-coding M-F genome 
region of wild-type and vaccine measles viruses. Arch. Virol. 1997;142:2521-2528. 

 

Jin, L., Brown, D.W.G., Ramsay, M.E.B., Rota, P.A. and Bellini, W.J. The diversity of measles 
virus in the UK, 1992-1995. J. Gen. Virol. 1997;78:1287-1294. 

 

Katayama, Y., Shibahara, K., Kohama, T., Homma, M. and Hotta, H. Molecular epidemiology 
and changing distribution of genotypes of measles virus field isolates in Japan. J. Clin. 
Microbiol. 1997;35:2651-2653. 

 

Kreis, S., and Whistler, T. Rapid identification of measles virus strains by the heteroduplex 
mobility assay. Virus Res. 1997;47:197-203. 

 

Kreis, S., Vardas, E., and Whistler, T. Sequence analysis of the nucleocapsid gene of measles 
virus isolates from South Africa identifies a new genotype. J. Gen. Virol. 1997;78:1581-1587. 

 

Outlaw, M.C., Jaye, A., Whittle, H., and Pringle, C. Clustering of hemagglutinin sequences of 
measles viruses isolated in the Gambia. Virus Res. 1997;48:125-131. 

 

Rima, B.K., Earle, J.A.P., Baczko, K., ter Meulen, V., Liebert, U., Carstens, C., Carabana, J., 
Cabellero, M., Celma, M., and Fernandez-Muñoz, R. Sequence divergence of measles virus 
hemagglutinin during natural evolution and adaptation to cell culture. J. Gen. Virol. 1997;78:97-
106. 

Yamaguchi, S. Identification of three lineages of wild measles virus by nucleotide sequence 
analysis of N, P, M, F, and L genes in Japan. J. Med. Virol. 1997;52:113-120. 


 

 Publications 1996 

 

Rota, J.S., Heath, J.L., Rota, P.A., King, G.E., Celma, M.L., Carabana, J., Fernandez-Muñoz, R., 
Brown, D., Jin, L., and Bellini, W.J. Molecular epidemiology of measles virus: Identification of 
pathways of transmission and the implications for measles elimination. J. Infect. Dis. 
1996;173:32-37. 

 

 Publications 1995 

 

Kobune, F., et al. Characterization of measles viruses isolated after measles vaccination. 
Vaccine 1995;13:370-372. 

 

Nakayama, T., Mori, T., Yamaguchi, S., et al. Detection of measles virus genome directly from 
clinical samples by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and genetic variability. Virus 
Res. 1995;35:1-16. 

 

Outlaw, M.C., and Pringle, C.R. Sequence variation within an outbreak of measles virus in the 
Coventry area during spring/summer 1993. Virus Res. 1995;39:3-11. 

 

Rima, B.K., Earle, J.A.P., Yeo, R.P., Herlihy, L., Baczko, K., ter Meulen, V., Carabana, J., 
Caballero, M., Celma, M.L., and Fernandez-Munoz, R. Temporal and geographical distribution 
of measles virus genotypes. J. Gen. Virol. 1995;76:1173-1180. 

 

Rima, B., Earle, J.A.P., Baczko, K., Rota, P.A., and Bellini, W.J. Measles virus strain variations. 
Curr. Topics Microbiol. Immunol. 1995;191:65-84. 

 

Rota, P.A., Rota, J.S., and Bellini, W.J. Molecular epidemiology of measles virus. Semin. Virol. 
1995;6:379-386. 

 

Saito, H., Nakagomi, O. and Morita, M. Molecular identification of two distinct hemagglutinin 
types of measles virus by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length 
polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Molecular and Cellular Probes 1995;9:1-8. 

 

 Publications 1991-1994 

 

Baczko, K., Brinckmann, U., Pardowitz, I., Rima, B.K. and ter Meulen, V. Nucleotide sequence 
of the genes encoding the matrix protein of two wild-type measles virus strains. J. Gen. Virol. 
1991;72:2279-2282. 

 

Kobune, F., Sakata, H. and Sugiura, A. Marmoset lymphoblastoid cells as a sensitive host for 
isolation of measles virus. J. Virol. 1990;64:700-705. 

 

Rota, J.S., Hummel, K.B., Rota, P.A., and Bellini, W.J. Genetic variability of the glycoprotein 
genes of current wild-type measles isolates. Virology 1992;188:135-142. 

 


Rota, P.A., Bloom, A.E., Vanchiere, J.A., and Bellini, W.J. Evolution of the nucleoprotein and 
matrix genes of wild-type strains of measles viruses isolated from recent epidemics. Virology 
1994;198:724-730. 

 

Rota, J.S., Wang, Z.D., Rota, P.A., and Bellini, W.J. Comparison of sequences of the H, F and N 
coding genes of measles virus vaccine strains. Virus Res. 1994;31:317-330. 

 

Sakata, H., Kobune, F., Sato, T.A., Tanabayashi, K., Yamada, A., and Sugiura, A. Variation in 
field isolates of measles virus during an 8-year period in Japan. Microbiol. Immunol. 
1993;37:233-237. 

 

Saito, H., Sato, H., Abe, M., et al. Isolation and characterization of the measles virus strains with 
low hemagglutination activity. Intervirology 1992;33:57-60. 

Schulz, T.F., Hoad, J.G., Whitby, D., Tizard, E.J., Dillon, M.J., and Weiss, R.A. A measles virus 
from a child with Kawasaki disease: sequence comparison with contemporaneous isolates from 
classical cases. J. Gen. Virol. 1992;73:1581-1586. 

 

Taylor, M.J., Godfrey, E., Baczko, K., ter Meulen V., Wild, T.F., and Rima, B.K. Identification 
of several different lineages of measles virus. J. Gen. Virol. 1991;72:83-88. 

 

Whitby, D., Hoad, J.G., Tizard, E.J., et al. Isolation of measles virus from child with Kawasaki 
disease. (Letter) Lancet 1991;338:1215.