http://www.aaaai.org/patients/publicedmat/tips/whatisallergytesting.stm
American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology
Any substance that can trigger an allergic reaction is called an allergen. To determine which specific substances are triggering your allergies, your allergist/immunologist will safely and effectively test your skin, or sometimes your blood, using tiny amounts of commonly troublesome allergens. This publication provides information about allergy testing, including who should be tested for allergies, what are the reasons for undergoing allergy skin testing, types of allergy tests, and who can be tested for allergies.