Publications

2004 to Present

Journal Articles

1. Ballou WR, Arevalo-Herrera M, Carucci D, Richie TL, Corradin G, Diggs C, Druilhe P, Giersing BK, Saul A., Heppner DG, Kester KE, Lanar DE, Lyon J, Hill AV, Pan W, Cohen JD. Update on the clinical development of candidate malaria vaccines. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004; 71:239-47.
2. Coban C, Ishii KJ, Stowers AW, Keister DB, Klinman DM, Kumar N. Effect of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides on the immunogenicity of Pfs25, a Plasmodium falciparum transmission-blocking vaccine antigen. Infect Immun. 2004; 72:584-88.
3. Dicko A, Klion AD, Thera MA, Sagara I, Yalcouye D, Niambele MB, Sogoba M, Dolo G, Dao A, Diallo DA, Doumbo OK, Miller LH. The etiology of severe anemia in a village and a periurban area in Mali. Blood. 2004; 104:1198-1200.
4. Fluck C, Smith T., Beck HP, Irion A, Betuela I, Alpers MP, Anders R, Saul A, Genton B, Felger I. Strain-specific humoral response to a polymorphic malaria vaccine. Infect Immun. 2004; 72:6300-05.
5. Gamain B, Smith JD, Avril M, Baruch DI, Scherf A, Gysin J, Miller LH. Identification of a 67-amino-acid region of the Plasmodium falciparum variant surface antigen that binds chondroitin sulphate A and elicits antibodies reactive with the surface of placental isolates. Mol Microbiol. 2004; 53:445-55.
6. Gaur D, Mayer DC, Miller LH. Parasite ligand-host receptor interactions during invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium merozoites. Int J Parasitol. 2004; 34:1413-1429.
7. Johnson AH, Leke RG, Mendell NR, Shon D, Suh YJ, Bomba-Nkolo D, Tchinda V, Kouontchou S, Thuita LW, van der Wel AM, Thomas A, Stowers A, Saul A, Zhou A, Taylor DW, Quakyi IA. Human leukocyte antigen class II alleles influence levels of antibodies to the Plasmodium falciparum asexual-stage apical membrane antigen 1 but not to merozoite surface antigen 2 and merozoite surface protein 1. Infect Immun. 2004; 72:2762-71.
8. Kongkasuriyachai D, Bartels-Andrews L, Stowers A, Collins WE, Sullivan J, Sattabongkot J, Torii M, Tsuboi T, Kumar N. Potent immunogenicity of DNA vaccines encoding Plasmodium vivax transmission-blocking vaccine candidates Pvs25 and Pvs28-evaluation of homologous and heterologous antigen-delivery prime-boost strategy. Vaccine. 2004; 22:3205-13.
9. Kumar S, Jones TR, Oakley MS, Zheng H, Kuppusamy SP, Taye A, Krieg AM, Stowers AW, Kaslow DC, Hoffman SL.  CpG oligodeoxynucleotide and Montanide ISA 51 adjuvant combination enhanced the protective efficacy of a subunit malaria vaccine. Infect Immun. 2004; 72:949-57.
10. Mayer DC, Mu JB, Kaneko O, Duan J, Su XZ, Miller LH. Polymorphism in the Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte-binding ligand JESEBL/EBA-181 alters its receptor specificity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004; 101:2518-23.
11. Saul, A. The mosquito's innate sting. Nat Med. 2004; 10:455-57.
12. Saxena AK, Saul A, Garboczi DN. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the Plasmodium vivax sexual stage 25 kDa protein Pvs25, a transmission-blocking vaccine candidate for malaria. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2004; 60:706-8.
13. Saxena AK, Singh K, Long CA, Garboczi DN. Preparation, crystallization, and preliminary X-ray analysis of a complex between the Plasmodium vivax sexual stage 25 kDa protein Pvs25 and a malaria transmission-blocking antibody Fab fragment. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2004; 60:2054-7.
14. Sedegah M, Charoenvit Y, Minh L, Belmonte M, Majam VF, Abot S, Ganeshan H, Kumar S, Bacon DJ, Stowers A, Narum DL, Carucci DJ, Rogers WO. Reduced immunogenicity of DNA vaccine plasmids in mixtures. Gene Ther. 2004; 11:448-56.
15. Sijwali PS, Kato K, Seydel KB, Gut J, Lehman J, Klemba M, Goldberg DE, Miller LH, Rosenthal PJ. Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease falcipain-1 is not essential in erythrocytic stage malaria parasites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004; 101:8721-6.
16. Smith JD, Miller LH. Infected erythrocyte binding to hyaluronic acid and malaria in pregnant women. J Infect Dis. 2004; 189:165-8.
17. Taylor DW, Zhou A, Marsillio LE, Thuita LW, Leke EB, Branch O, Gowda DC, Long C, Leke RF. Antibodies that inhibit binding of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to chondroitin sulfate A and to the C terminus of merozoite surface protein 1 correlate with reduced placental malaria in Cameroonian women. Infect Immun. 2004; 72:1603-7.
18. Arakawa T, Komesu A, Otsuki H, Sattabongkot J, Udomsangpetch R, Matsumoto Y, Tsuji N, Wu Y, Torii M, Tsuboi T. Nasal immunization with a malaria transmission-blocking vaccine candidate, Pfs25, induces complete protective immunity in mice against field isolates of Plasmodium falciparum. Infect Immun. 2005; 73:7375-80.
19. Arevalo-Herrera M, Solarte Y, Yasnot MF, Castellanos A, Rincon A, Saul A, Mu J, Long C, Miller L, Herrera S. Induction of transmission-blocking immunity in Aotus monkeys by vaccination with a Plasmodium vivax clinical grade PVS25 recombinant protein. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005; 73:32-7.
20. Arevalo-Herrera M, Solarte Y, Zamora F, Mendez F, Yasnot MF, Rocha L, Long C, Miller LH, Herrera S. Plasmodium vivax: transmission-blocking immunity in a malaria-endemic area of Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005; 73:38-43.
21. Darko CA, Angov E, Collins WE, Bergmann-Leitner ES, Girouard AS, Hitt SL, McBride JS, Diggs CL, Holder AA, Long CA, Barnwell JW, Lyon JA. The clinical-grade 42-kilodalton fragment of merozoite surface protein 1 of Plasmodium falciparum strain FVO expressed in Escherichia coli protects Aotus nancymai against challenge with homologous erythrocytic-stage parasites. Infect Immun. 2005; 73:287-97.
22. Gamain B, Trimnell AR, Scheidig C, Scherf A, Miller LH, Smith JD. Identification of multiple chondroitin sulfate A (CSA)-binding domains in the var2CSA gene transcribed in CSA-binding parasites. J Infect Dis. 2005; 191:1010-3.
23. Giersing B, Miura K, Shimp R, Wang J, Zhou H, Orcutt A, Stowers A, Saul A, Miller LH, Long C, Singh S.  Posttranslational modification of recombinant Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1: impact on functional immune responses to a malaria vaccine candidate. Infect Immun. 2005; 73(7):3963-70.
24. Kato K, Mayer DC, Singh S, Reid M, Miller LH. Domain III of Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 binds to the erythrocyte membrane protein Kx. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005; 102:5552-7.
25. Malkin EM, Diemert DJ, McArthur JH, Perreault JR, Miles AP, Giersing BK, Mullen GE, Orcutt A, Muratova O, Awkal M, Zhou H, Wang J, Stowers A, Long CA, Mahanty S, Miller LH, Saul A, Durbin AP. Phase 1 clinical trial of apical membrane antigen 1: an asexual blood-stage vaccine for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Infect Immun. 2005; 73:3677-85.
26. Malkin EM, Durbin AP, Diemert DJ, Sattabongkot J, Wu Y, Miura K, Long CA, Lambert L, Miles AP, Wang J, Stowers A, Miller LH, Saul A. Phase 1 vaccine trial of Pvs25H: a transmission blocking vaccine for Plasmodium vivax malaria. Vaccine. 2005; 23:3131-38.
27. Miles AP, McClellan HA, Rausch KM, Zhu D, Whitmore MD, Singh S, Martin LB, Wu Y, Giersing BK, Stowers AE, Long CA, Saul A. Montanide ISA 720 vaccines: quality control of emulsions, stability of formulated antigens, and comparative immunogenicity of vaccine formulations. Vaccine. 2005; 23:2530-39.
28. Miles AP, Saul A. Extraction and characterization of vaccine antigens from water-in-oil adjuvant formulations. Methods Mol Biol. 2005; 308:293-300.
29. Miles AP, Saul A. Quantifying recombinant proteins and their degradation products using SDS-PAGE and scanning laser densitometry. Methods Mol Biol. 2005; 308:349-56.
30. Miles AP, Zhu D, Saul A. Determining residual host cell antigen levels in purified recombinant proteins by slot blot and scanning laser densitometry. Methods Mol Biol. 2005; 308:233-42.
31. Miller LH, Saul A, Mahanty S. Revisiting Freund's incomplete adjuvant for vaccines in the developing world. Trends Parasitol. 2005; 21:412-14.
32. Saul A. Models of Phase 1 vaccine trials: optimization of trial design to minimize risks of multiple serious adverse events. Vaccine. 2005; 23:3068-75.
33. van der Kolk M, De Vlas SJ, Saul A, van de Vegte-Bolmer M, Eling WM, Sauerwein RW. Evaluation of the standard membrane feeding assay (SMFA) for the determination of malaria transmission-reducing activity using empirical data. Parasitology. 2005; 130:13-22.
34. Wang J, Nguyen V, Glen J, Henderson B, Saul A, Miller LH. Improved yield of recombinant merozoite Surface protein 3 (MSP3) from Pichia pastoris using chemically defined media. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2005; 90:838-47.
35. Zhu D, Saul AJ, Miles AP. A quantitative slot blot assay for host cell protein impurities in recombinant proteins expressed in E. coli. J Immunol Methods. 2005; 306:40-50.
36. Bergmann-Leitner ES, Duncan EH, Mullen GE, Burge JR, Khan F, Long CA, Angov E, Lyon JA. Critical evaluation of different methods for measuring the functional activity of antibodies against malaria blood stage antigens. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006; 75:437-42.
37. Collins WE, Barnwell JW, Sullivan JS, Nace D, Williams T, Bounngaseng A, Roberts J, Strobert E, McClure H, Saul A, Long CA. Assessment of transmission-blocking activity of candidate Pvs25 vaccine using gametocytes from chimpanzees. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006; 74:215-21.
38. Fouda GG, Leke RF, Long C, Druilhe P, Zhou A, Taylor DW, Johnson AH. Multiplex assay for simultaneous measurement of antibodies to multiple Plasmodium falciparum antigens. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2006; 13:1307-13.
39. Makobongo MO, Keegan B, Long CA, Miller LH. Immunization of Aotus monkeys with recombinant cysteine-rich interdomain region 1 alpha protects against severe disease during Plasmodium falciparum reinfection. J Infect Dis. 2006; 193:731-40.
40. Mullen GE, Giersing BK, Ajose-Popoola O, Davis HL, Kothe C, Zhou H, Aebig J, Dobrescu G, Saul A, Long CA. Enhancement of functional antibody responses to AMA1-C1/Alhydrogel, a Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine, with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide. Vaccine. 2006; 24:2497-505.
41. Richards JS, MacDonald NJ, Eisen DP. Limited polymorphism in Plasmodium falciparum ookinete surface antigen, von Willebrand factor A domain-related protein from clinical isolates. Malar J. 2006; 5:55.
42. Saxena AK, Singh K, Su HP, Klein MM, Stowers AW, Saul AJ, Long CA, Garboczi DN. The essential mosquito-stage P25 and P28 proteins from Plasmodium form tile-like triangular prisms. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2006; 13:90-1.
43. Shimp RL, Martin LB, Zhang Y, Henderson BS, Duggan P, MacDonald NJ, Lebowitz J, Saul A, Narum DL. Production and characterization of clinical grade Escherichia coli derived Plasmodium falciparum 42 kDa merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1(42)) in the absence of an affinity tag. Protein Expr Purif. 2006; 50:58-67.
44. Singh S, Miura K, Zhou H, Muratova O, Keegan B, Miles A, Martin LB, Saul AJ, Miller LH, Long CA. Immunity to recombinant plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1): protection in Aotus nancymai monkeys strongly correlates with anti-MSP1 antibody titer and in vitro parasite-inhibitory activity. Infect Immun. 2006; 74:4573-80.
45. Trinh L, Phue JN, Jaluria P, Tsai CW, Narum DL, Shiloach J. Screen-less expanded bed column: new approach for the recovery and purification of a malaria transmission blocking vaccine candidate from Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol Lett. 2006; 28:951-58.
46. Tsai CW, Duggan PF, Shimp RL, Miller LH, Narum DL. Overproduction of Pichia pastoris or Plasmodium falciparum protein disulfide isomerase affects expression, folding and O-linked glycosylation of a malaria vaccine candidate expressed in P. pastoris. J Biotechnol. 2006; 121:458-70.
47. Wille-Reece U, Flynn BJ, Lore K, Koup RA, Miles AP, Saul A, Kedl RM, Mattapallil JJ, Weiss WR, Roederer M, Seder RA. Toll-like receptor agonists influence the magnitude and quality of memory T cell responses after prime-boost immunization in nonhuman primates. J Exp Med. 2006; 203:1249-58.
48. Woehlbier U, Epp C, Kauth CW, Lutz R, Long CA, Coulibaly B, Kouyate B, Arevalo-Herrera M, Herrera S, Bujard H. Analysis of antibodies directed against merozoite surface protein 1 of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Infect Immun. 2006; 74:1313-22.
49. Wu Y, Przysiecki C, Flanagan E, Bello-Irizarry SN, Ionescu R, Muratova O, Dobrescu G, Lambert L, Keister D, Rippeon Y, Long CA, Shi L, Caulfield M, Shaw A, Saul A, Shiver J, Miller LH. Sustained high-titer antibody responses induced by conjugating a malarial vaccine candidate to outer-membrane protein complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006; 103:18243-8.
50. Epstein JE, Giersing B, Mullen G, Moorthy V, Richie TL. Malaria vaccines: are we getting closer? Curr Opin Mol Ther. 2007; 9:12-24.
51. Kubler-Kielb J, Majadly F, Wu Y, Narum DL, Guo C, Miller LH, Shiloach J, Robbins JB, Schneerson R. Long-lasting and transmission-blocking activity of antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum elicited in mice by protein conjugates of Pfs25. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007; 104:293-8.
52. Malkin EM, Long C, Stowers A, Zou L, Singh S, MacDonald NJ, Narum DL, Miles A, Orcutt A, Muratova O, Moretz S, Zhou H, Diouf A, Fay M, Tierney E, Leese P, Mahanty S, Miller L, Saul A, Martin LB. Phase 1 study of two merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP142) vaccines for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. PLoS Clinical Trials. In press; April 6, 2007.
53. Metenou S, Suguitan AL, Long C, Leke RG, Taylor DW. Fetal immune responses to Plasmodium falciparum antigens in a malaria-endemic region of Cameroon. J Immunol. 2007; 178:2770-7.
54. Qian F, Wu Y, Muratova O, Zhou H, Dobrescu G, Duggan P, Zhang Y, Reiter K, MacDonald NJ, Narum DL, Long C, Saul A, Miller L, Mullen G. Conjugating recombinant proteins to Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A: a strategy for significantly enhancing immunogenicity of malaria vaccine candidates. Vaccine. 2007; Accepted.
55. Ramjanee S, Robertson JS, Franke-Fayard B, Sinha R, Waters AP, Janse CJ, Wu Y, Blagborough AM, Saul A, Sinden RE. The use of transgenic Plasmodium berghei expressing the Plasmodium vivax antigen P25 to determine the transmission-blocking activity of sera from malaria vaccine trials. Vaccine. 2007; 25:886-94.
56. Saul A. Malaria vaccines based on the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 3--should we avoid amino acid sequence polymorphisms or embrace them? J Infect Dis. 2007; 195:171-3.
57. Kazutoyo Miura, David B. Keister, Olga V. Muratova, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Carole A. Long and Allan Saul. Transmission-blocking activity induced by malaria vaccine candidates Pfs25/Pvs25 is a direct and predictable function of antibody titer. Malaria Journal. 2007

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