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Effectiveness of Maternal Influenza Immunization in Mothers and Infants
In pregnant women in Bangladesh, influenza vaccination was found to decrease laboratory-confirmed influenza infection in neonates by 63% and febrile respiratory illness in mothers by more than a third.
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 September 17, 2008 (DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0708630), in Print October 9, 2008 |
The Need for, and Perils of, Health Policy Expertise in the White House
The expert adviser must both “speak truth to power” and aid in the exercise of power. Jacob Hacker questions whether the adviser’s talents can really be used, or be useful, in the bare-knuckles world of American politics.
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Military Medical Ethics — Physician First, Last, Always
The global war on terror has brought renewed attention to the question of whether physicians in the U.S. military are physicians first, soldiers first, or physician–soldiers. George Annas writes that it is not surprising that wars have produced battlefield situations in which suspending patient-centered medical ethics has seemed reasonable.
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The U.S. Military’s Ongoing Use of Psychiatrists
Jonathan Marks and Dr. M. Gregg Bloche write that the AMA and APA firmly oppose physicians’ helping to devise interrogation plans for individual detainees. Yet documents recently provided by the U.S. Army make clear that the Department of Defense still wants doctors to be involved.
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Assessing the Cardiovascular Safety of Diabetes Therapies
Lately, concerns have been raised that some antidiabetes agents may impart greater cardiovascular risk than was previously appreciated. Dr. Allison Goldfine writes that both macrovascular effects of antidiabetes agents and the optimal glycemic goals remain incompletely understood.
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Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists for Endometriosis
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists profoundly suppress gonadotropin secretion and sex-steroid production. Side effects include loss of bone mineral density and memory impairment.
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Recent Advances in Head and Neck Cancer
There are more than half a million incident cases of squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck worldwide each year. This review considers the biologic features of these tumors. New therapies are considered, along with management approaches.
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Turning Thought into Action
Two monkeys have been trained to control a robotic arm to feed themselves by means of electrodes implanted in their motor cortexes.
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An Infant with Congenital Deafness, Lethargy, and Hypothermia
An 8-day-old boy became lethargic and hypothermic, with grunting respirations; lumbar puncture disclosed blood in the cerebrospinal fluid. Imaging studies disclosed intracerebral hemorrhage and edema.
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Arthroscopic Surgery for Osteoarthritis of the Knee
This trial showed no benefit of the addition of arthroscopic treatment to optimized physical and medical therapy and provided evidence that arthroscopic surgery is not indicated for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee.
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Incidental Meniscal Findings on Knee MRI in Middle-Aged and Elderly Persons
In this study involving MRI of the right knee in middle-aged and older men and women, more than a third of the participants had a meniscal tear or meniscal destruction or resection; many of these persons reported having had no knee pain or stiffness in the previous month.
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Platinum-Based Chemotherapy plus Cetuximab in Head and Neck Cancer
In the treatment of advanced head and neck cancer, cetuximab plus chemotherapy prolonged median overall survival by almost 3 months.
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Long-Term Follow-up after Tight Control of Blood Pressure in Type 2 Diabetes
Early improved blood-pressure control in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension was associated with a reduced risk of complications, but good blood-pressure control must continue for benefits to be sustained.
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| September 10, 2008 (DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0806359), in Print October 9, 2008 |
10-Year Follow-up of Intensive Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetes
In patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes who received medical therapy, continued microvascular risk reduction and emergent risk reductions for myocardial infarction and death from any cause were observed during 10 years of post-trial follow-up.
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| September 10, 2008 (DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0806470), in Print October 9, 2008 |
Recurrent Rearrangements of Chromosome 1q21.1 and Variable Pediatric Phenotypes
This study shows an association between a broad range of phenotypes and either deletion or duplication of a genomic segment at chromosome 1q21.1, suggesting a fundamental role of the deletion or duplication in early development and challenging the notion that a specific mutation disposes towards a specific disorder or syndrome.
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September 10, 2008 (DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0805384), in Print October 16, 2008
Related Editorial: Cytogenetic Technology — Genotype and Phenotype |
NHERF1 Mutations and Responsiveness of Renal Parathyroid Hormone
The authors sequenced NHERF1 in people with nephrolithiasis or bone demineralization and identified three mutations, suggesting a previously unrecognized cause of renal phosphate loss in humans.
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Arthroscopic Surgery for Osteoarthritis of the Knee?
Renal Phosphate–Transporter Regulatory Proteins and Nephrolithiasis
Reviewers for the Journal, January–June 2008
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Hypothermia Therapy after Traumatic Brain Injury
Aprotinin and Lysine Analogues in High-Risk Cardiac Surgery
Transplantation and Donor Risk Factors
A Woman with Bone Pain
PTH Mutation with Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Undetectable Intact PTH
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