Final Formula Supplementation of Breast Milk Rates by Socio-demographic Factors, Among Children Born in 2004 whose caregivers were interviewed after 2005
(Percent +/- half 95% Confidence Interval)
Socio-demographic Factors Number Formula Supplementation1
within first 2 days of life		 Number Formula Supplementation1
before 3 months of age		 Number Formula Supplementation1 before 6 months of age
US National 21120 23.5±1.0 16689 37.4±1.3 12755 44.5±1.5
Sex
Male 10745 22.8±1.4 8438 36.0±1.8 6383 43.1±2.1
Female 10375 24.3±1.5 8251 38.9±1.9 6372 45.9±2.1
Race/ethnicity
American Indian or Alaska 697 24.5±6.2 545 38.1±7.3 404 40.2±8.5
Asian or Pacific Islander 1528 29.2±4.2 1293 45.5±4.7 1048 50.3±5.1
       Asian 1328 29.3±4.2 1140 46.1±5.1 922 50.4±5.5
       Native Hawaiian and other 253 26.9±13.2 200 40.7±10.9 167 49.5±11.6
Black or African American 2624 27.6±2.8 1974 39.2±3.5 1357 48.2±4.3
White 17450 22.2±1.1 13803 36.5±1.4 10660 43.6±1.6
Hispanic or Latino 4829 32.6±2.4 3741 43.2±2.9 2701 47.7±3.4
Not Hispanic or Latino (NH) 16291 19.7±1.0 12948 34.9±1.4 10054 43.2±1.6
       NH Black or African American 2129 27.1±3.1 1599 38.6±3.9 1086 46.8±4.8
       NH White 13355 17.4±1.1 10628 33.3±1.5 8379 42.0±1.7
Birth Order
First Born 11027 24.1±1.5 8937 37.0±1.8 6986 44.3±2.0
Not First Born 10093 22.9±1.4 7752 37.9±1.8 5769 44.8±2.1
Receiving WIC2
Yes 8190 28.4±1.8 5997 41.1±2.2 4198 47.8±2.6
No, but eligible 1081 25.0±4.5 904 33.6±5.3 746 41.3±6.1
Ineligible 10791 18.2±1.2 8911 34.4±1.6 7087 42.5±1.8
Maternal Age, Years
<20 308 24.9±7.5 193 36.8±11.7 125 34.5±13.8
20-29 7233 24.4±1.8 5282 37.8±2.4 3706 45.2±2.9
>=30 13579 22.9±1.3 11214 37.2±1.5 8924 44.3±1.7
Maternal Education
Not a High School Graduate 2230 33.6±3.4 1623 43.1±4.1 1181 47.8±4.7
High School Graduate 3811 25.2±2.2 2723 39.5±2.9 1901 44.7±3.4
Some College 5328 20.9±1.8 4092 34.2±2.4 2985 41.6±3.0
College Graduate 9751 18.6±1.3 8251 35.2±1.7 6688 44.4±1.9
Maternal Marital Status
Married 17050 22.5±1.2 13855 37.0±1.4 10883 44.1±1.6
Unmarried3 4070 26.9±2.3 2834 39.0±3.0 1872 46.1±3.8
Residence
MSA4, Central City 9810 26.8±1.7 7903 39.3±2.0 5997 47.2±2.3
MSA, Non-Central City 7558 21.8±1.6 5963 36.5±2.0 4584 42.4±2.3
Non-MSA 3752 19.4±2.3 2823 34.3±2.9 2174 42.7±3.5
Poverty Income Ratio5, %
<100% 3244 32.1±2.9 2433 43.0±3.5 1752 50.1±4.0
100%-184% 3184 23.6±2.4 2402 35.3±3.2 1770 42.2±3.9
185%-349% 5139 19.2±1.8 4082 33.9±2.5 3171 40.6±2.8
≥350% 7492 18.3±1.4 6150 35.3±1.9 4814 44.0±2.2
1Formula supplementation is defined as supplementation of breast milk with formula (with or without other supplementary liquids or solids) among infants breastfed at the age specified (48 hours, 3 months, or 6 months). The denominator for the 2 day, 3 month, or 6 month rate is the number of infants breastfeeding at 2 days, 3 months, or 6 months, respectively.
2WIC = Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.
3Unmarried includes never married, widowed, separated, divorced.
4MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area defined by the Census Bureau.
5Poverty Income Ratio = Ratio of self-reported family income to the federal poverty threshold value depending on the number of people in the household.
Source: National Immunization Survey, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services
Sample sizes appearing in the NIS breastfeeding tables are slightly smaller than the numbers published in other NIS publications due to the fact that in the DNPAO breastfeeding analyses, the sample was limited to records with valid responses to the breastfeeding questions.