Life
expectancy in the United States reached an all time high in 2001, and the
gap between blacks and whites has narrowed, according to the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services' (HHS) annual report on the Nation’s health. The report also finds evidence that the diabetes
epidemic is getting worse; between 1997 and 2002, the percent of Americans
diagnosed with diabetes increased by 27 percent.
“While
this report shows we’re continuing to make progress in improving Americans’
health, we know that we can do much more to reduce the impact of diabetes
and other chronic, preventable diseases,” HHS Secretary Tommy G. Thompson
said. “There are simple steps we can all take, such as eating wisely and
staying active, that can reduce the toll that diabetes, obesity, and heart
disease take on our lives.”
Health,
United States, 2003 is a comprehensive report with the latest statistics
from Federal health agencies, the U.S. Census Bureau, population surveys, and
other data. The report was prepared by the National Center for Health
Statistics (NCHS) in HHS’ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and is
the 27th annual report to the President and Congress, as required by The
Public Health Service Act.
In a
special section on diabetes, the report notes that 6.5 percent of American
adults were diagnosed with diabetes in 2002 compared with 5.1 percent in
1997. Another recent study shows that about 12 million adults have been
diagnosed with diabetes and an additional 5 million adults have the
condition but don’t know it.
An
estimated 12 million adults have impaired fasting glucose tolerance and many
of these will go on to develop diabetes unless they successfully adopt
changes in weight management and physical activity -- steps that can prevent
and reduce obesity, which is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes. In
addition, visits to physician offices and hospitals for diabetes have
increased dramatically since the mid-1990s.
Diabetes was the fifth leading cause of death among women and sixth among
men in 2001. People with diabetes run the risk of severe complications,
including heart disease, chronic kidney disease, blindness, and amputations.
“Prevention is the only sure way to stem this epidemic,” said Dr. Julie
Gerberding, CDC director. “By eating a healthy diet and engaging in regular
physical activity, individuals can greatly reduce their risk of developing
type 2 diabetes.”
Other
milestones noted in this year’s Health, United States Report include:
Life and Death
Average
life expectancy reached a record high of 77.2 years in 2001, rising nearly 2
years since 1990. The life expectancy for women was 79.8 years, an
increase of 1 year from 1990. Men’s life expectancy was 74.4 years in
2001, an increase of over 2 years since 1990.
The
gap in life expectancy between blacks and whites has narrowed significantly
since 1990, when whites on average lived 7 years longer. The gap in 2001
was 5.5 years, down from 5.7 in 2000.
Infant
mortality reached a record low in 2001 of 6.8 infant deaths per 1,000 live
births, down from 6.9 in 2000.
The
birth rate for teenagers was the lowest in more than six decades: 45 births
per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19.
Preventive Care
Seventy-eight
percent of all toddlers (19 to 35 months) completed a series of childhood
vaccinations against infectious diseases in 2002, but vaccination rates
varied from 72 percent for children in poor families to 79 percent for those
in families at or above the poverty level.
Eighty-three
percent of mothers received prenatal care in the first trimester in 2001, up
from 76 percent in 1990.
Two-thirds
of the elderly got flu shots in 2002, matching the previous high in 1999.
Eighty-one
percent of women 18 years and over in 2000 had a recent Pap smear (within 3 years). In 1987 the rate was 74 percent.
Behavior and Risk Factors
Obesity
has more than doubled from 15 percent in 1976-80 to 31 percent in
1999-2000. Sixty-five percent of adults ages 20 to 74 were overweight or
obese in 1999-2000.
Twenty-five
percent of men and 20 percent of women were smokers in 2002, down only
slightly from 1990.
Twenty-nine
percent of high school students reported smoking cigarettes in the past
month in 2001, down from 36 percent in 1997. That reverses an upward trend
from the early 1990s.
Thirty-eight
percent of female high school students and 24 percent of male students did
not engage in recommended amounts of moderate or vigorous physical exercise
in 2001.
Access to Health Care
Thirteen
percent of children younger than 18 did not visit a doctor or clinic in the
past 12 months; 6 percent had no usual source of medical care in 2000-2001.
Hispanic and black children were more likely to be without a usual source of
care.
“While the health of the
Nation has improved overall, some groups have been left behind. It’s vitally
important that we keep collecting reliable and accurate information so we
can chart future trends, target resources, and set priorities that lead to
better health for all Americans,” said Edward J.
Sondik, Ph.D., NCHS director.
In addition to the
printed volume, Health, United States is available online at
the CDC/NCHS Web site
as an electronic edition, which is periodically updated with new data.
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NOTE:
All HHS press releases, facts sheets, and other press materials are
available at
http://www.hhs.gov/news.