2006 Annual Report 4d.Progress report. This report serves to document joint research conducted under a trust agreement with California Table Grape Commission for research on the development of new table grape cultivars, including types resistant to powdery mildew. Additional details of research can be found in the report for the parent project 5302-21220-004-00D Improvement of Prunus and Vitis Scion and Rootstocks for Fruit Quality and Pest Resistance. There is a need for a series of seedless table grape cultivars with red, white and black fruit that ripen from early to late in the season to provide fresh grapes to the consumer for as long a period as possible. A total of 1,720 table grape seedlings were developed by in-vitro culture from 48 seedless x seedless crosses and planted in the field this year. They were developed from 9,700 ovules that produced 2,811 (29%) embryos. Seventeen new seedless grape selections (4 red, 3 black and 10 white) were determined to be promising and propagated in our 25 vine advanced test plot. They were chosen from 318 table grape selections of which 94 were new in 2005. Over 750 samples for storage tests were evaluated. One late red, one late white and one early white seedless selection continue to show commercial promise. Scarlet Royal and Autumn King were patented, assigned to the California Table Grape Commission and released to nurseries for propagation. Powdery mildew resistant table grape cultivars are needed to reduce the need for chemical control. This year, 154 and 101 seedlings from 19 seedless x seedless and 12 seeded x seedless crosses, respectively, resistant to powdery mildew in greenhouse tests were planted in the field. Thirteen seedless x seedless crosses produced 370 plants and 4 seeded crosses produced 505 seed. Fruit evaluation of 322 previously made selections continued and 81 propagated for a new advanced plot at Parlier, Calif. Eighty new table grape selections were made and 22 noted for propagation. This material has potential to provide germplasm and cultivars to revolutionize the industry with powdery mildew resistant table grape cultivars.