2004 Annual Report 4.What were the most significant accomplishments this past year? D. Progress Report This report serves to document research conducted under a Specific Cooperative agreement between ARS and University of California, Davis, CA. Additional details of research can be found in the report for the parent CRIS 5366-21000-022-00D Small Grains Genetic Resource Management. Database development for the Iranian Wheat Collection made good progress during the past year. Data from 3 of 5 field evaluation trials were verified and included in an Excel file. Data from 2 check varieties were included. The passport data includes IWA and PI numbers, year and plot number, species, country and province of origin. Latitude and longitude data were derived at Aberdeen and included in the database. Growth habit (winter or spring) were also determined at Aberdeen and included in the database. Quantitative trait data included the following: Days to heading, maturity, and grain fill; flag leaf blade width, length, and area; mature plant height, spike and awn length; awn to spike length ratio; number of spikelets per spike, spike density as length of rachis internode; glume awn to glume length ratio; and kernel weight. Qualitative trait data included: glume pubescence, glume color, awn color, and seed color. Disease data were variously available, but included leaf rust, stripe rust, Russian wheat aphid, and BYD. Including the check varieties, which can be used to detect environmental gradients in the field, about 6,300 entries were included in these 3 data sets. Data from the 1992 field evaluation of 2680 IWA accessions that are included in the NSGC were used to establish methodology for quantitative assessment of diversity patterns, check for redundancy, and geographic-based variation among the accessions from various provinces in Iran. The 1992 data set quite fairly represented the geographic distribution of the whole IWA collection. A random subset of 875 accessions was selected for comparison to the 2680 as a potential core collection. Results are being prepared for publication. A cluster analysis cross-coded as common wheat, durum wheat, and common wheat check varieties showed clear clusters for those three groups based on the quantitative trait data. At the same time there were a small number of accessions that appeared to be misclassified. These are included in a field planting at Tulelake in 2004. The dataset included accessions from 17 provinces. Within province diversity based Shannon-Weaver indices was similar for all provinces. But analysis of variance of means province means for all quantitative traits showed inter-province differences. These nominally formed six clusters, with two major clusters being obvious. The methods used appear to be suitable for the additional data sets and for an eventual combined analysis after year effects have been removed.