|
Table
3. Industrial silica sand and gravel sold or used
by U.S. producers in 1994, by major end use
|
General
use |
End
use |
Sand: |
Glass-making
|
Containers,
flat (plate and window), specialty, fiberglass (unground or ground) |
Foundry
work
|
Molding
and core, molding and core facing (ground), refractory |
Metallurgical
work
|
Silicon
carbide, flux for metal smelting |
Abrasive
work
|
Blasting,
scouring cleansers (ground), sawing and sanding, chemicals (ground
and unground) |
Fillers
|
Rubber,
paints, putty, whole grain fillers/building products |
Ceramics
|
Pottery,
brick, tile |
Filtration
|
Water
(municipal, county, local), swimming pool, others |
Petroleum
manufacturing
|
Hydraulic
fracturing, well packing, and cementing |
Recreation
|
Golf
course, baseball, volleyball, play sands, beaches, traction (engine),
roofing granules and fillers, other (ground silica or whole grain) |
Gravel |
Silicon,
ferrosilicon, filtration, nonmetallurgical flux, other |
Sources:
IARC [1997]; BOM [1994]. |
|