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NIOSH Safety and Health Topic:Work Schedules: Shift Work and Long Work Hours |
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According to 2001 data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, almost 15 million Americans work evening shift, night shift, rotating shifts, or other employer arranged irregular schedules. The International Labour Office in 2003 reports that working hours in the United States exceed Japan and most of western Europe. Both shift work and long work hours have been associated with health and safety risks. This page provides links to NIOSH publications and other resources that address demanding work schedules. NIOSHTIC-2 Searchis a searchable bibliographic database of occupational safety and health publications, documents, grant reports, and journal articles supported in whole or in part by NIOSH. NIOSHTIC-2 search results on work schedules NIOSH PublicationsOvertime and Extended Work Shifts: Recent Findings
on Illnesses, Injuries and Health Behaviors Medical Interns’ Risk
for Car Crashes Linked With Extended Shifts in NIOSH-Funded Study—NIOSH
Update Barger LK, Cade BE, Ayas NT, Cronin JW, Rosner B, Speizer FE, Czeisler CA. 2005. Extended Work Shifts and the Risk of Motor Vehicle Crashes among Interns. N Engl J Med 352:125-134. Landrigan CP, Rothschild JM, Cronin JW, Kaushal R, Burdick E, Katz JT, Lilly CM, Stone PH, Lockley SW, Bates DW, Czeisler CA. 2004. Effect of reducing interns' work hours on serious medical errors in intensive care units. N Engl J Med 351:1838-1848. Lockley SW, Cronin JW, Evans EE, Cade BE, Lee CJ, Landrigan CP, Rothschild JM, Katz JT, Lilly CM, Stone PH, Aeschbach D, Czeisler CA. 2004. Effect of reducing interns' weekly work hours on sleep and attentional failures. N Engl J Med 351:1829-1837. Work-related
Roadway Crashes - Prevention Strategies for Employers Work-Related
Roadway Crashes - Challenges and Opportunities for Prevention Plain Language About Shiftwork Conferences19th International Symposium on Shiftwork and Working Time Health and Well-being in the 24-h Society Past NIOSH-Sponsored EventsLong
Working Hours, Safety, And Health: Toward A National Research Agenda
Some Strategies Suggested for Coping with Shift WorkHow to trick Mother Nature into letting you fly around or stay up all night Intervention factors for promoting adjustment to nightwork and shiftwork Plain Language About Shiftwork Preventive and compensatory measures for shift workers What can the chronobiologist do to help the shift worker? Some Educational Resources For Workers Available on Other Web SitesNational Sleep Foundation Helping
yourself to a good night’s sleep Strategies for shift workers Learn How to Create the Perfect Sleep Environment National Institute of Health, National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute Working
the night shift: preparation, survival and recovery. Horrocks, N & Pounder,
R. 2006. London, Royal College of Physicians. 24 pages Related NIOSH TopicsFlight Crew Research Program at NIOSH Organization of Work: Measurement Tools for Research and Practice NORA Organization of Work Research Priority AreaThe goal of the NORA Organization of Work Team is to define and implement a national occupational research agenda for the next decade. Organization of work refers to management and supervisory practices and production processes, and to their influence on the way jobs are designed and performed in the workplace. Organization of work includes the design of work schedules. A NORA Long Work Hours Subteam was formed to address overtime and extended work shifts issues. Other ResourcesAgency for Healthcare Research
and Quality National
Institutes for Health, National Center for Sleep Disorders Research National Sleep Foundation Sleep Research
Society Society for Light Treatment
and Biological Rhythms Society for Research on Biological
Rhythms Working Time
Society Extramural Research ProjectsSearch for extramural government funded studies examining work schedules:
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