eLCOSH : Hazard Alert - Heat Stress in Construction

Hazard Alert —
Heat Stress in Construction

CPWR – Center for Construction Research and Training

Heat is a serious hazard in construction. Your body builds up heat when you work and sweats to get rid of extra heat. But sometimes your body may not cool off fast enough. This can happen, say, if you are up on a roof pouring hot asphalt or you are lifting heavy loads.

Too much heat can make you tired, hurt your job performance, and increase your chance of injury. You can get skin rash. You can also get:

Dehydration. When your body loses water, you can’t cool off fast enough. You feel thirsty and weak.
Cramps. You can get muscle cramps from the heat even after you leave work.
Heat exhaustion. You feel tired, nauseous, headachy, and giddy (dizzy and silly). Your skin is damp and looks muddy or flushed. You may faint.
Heat stroke. You may have hot dry skin and a high temperature. Or you may feel confused. You may have convulsions or become unconscious. Heat stroke can kill you unless you get emergency medical help.

The Risk of Heat Stress

Your risk of heat stress depends on many things. These include:

Your physical condition
The weather (temperature, humidity)
How much clothing you have on
How fast you must move or how much weight you must lift
If you are near a fan or there is a breeze
If you are in the sun.

If there is an industrial hygienist on your work site, ask the hygienist about the Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature Index. It is a more precise way to estimate the risk of heat stress.

Protect Yourself

Try to do these things:

Drink when you are thirsty.
Keep taking rest breaks. Rest in a cool, shady spot. Use fans.
Wear light-colored clothing made of cotton.
Do the heaviest work in the coolest time of the day.
Work in the shade.
For heavy work in hot areas, take turns with other workers, so some can rest.
If you travel to a warm area for a new job, you need time for your body to get used to the heat. Be extra careful the first 2 weeks on the job.
If you work in protective clothing, you need more rest breaks. You may also need to check your temperature and heart rate. On a Superfund site where the temperature is 70 degrees or more, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) writes that while on the job you should be monitored for heat-stress related symptoms, including changes in body temperature and heart rate.
If you think someone has heat stroke, call emergency services (or 911). Immediately move the victim to the shade. Loosen his/her clothes. Wipe or spray his/her skin with cool water and fan him/her. You can use a piece of cardboard or other material as a fan.

OSHA does not have a special rule for heat. But because heat stress is known as a serious hazard, workers are protected under the General Duty Clause of the Occupational Safety and Health Act. The clause says employers must provide “employment free from recognized hazards...causing or...likely to cause physical harm.”

For more information, call your local union, CPWR – Center for Construction Research and Training (CPWR) (301-578-8500 or www.cpwr.com), the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (1-800-35-NIOSH or www.cdc.gov/niosh), or OSHA (1-800-321-OSHA or www.osha.gov). Or check the website www.elcosh.org

This document appears in the eLCOSH website with the permission of the author and/or copyright holder and may not be reproduced without their consent. eLCOSH is an information clearinghouse. eLCOSH and its sponsors are not responsible for the accuracy of information provided on this web site, nor for its use or misuse.

© 2005, CPWR – Center for Construction Research and Training. All rights reserved. CPWR is a research, training, and service arm of the Building and Construction Trades Dept., AFL-CIO: CPWR, Suite 1000, 8484 Georgia Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20910. (Edward C. Sullivan is president of the Building and Construction Trades Dept. and of CPWR and Sean McGarvey is secretary treasurer.) Production of this card was supported by grants CCU317202 and 1 U54 OH008307 from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and grants U45-ES09764 and U45-ES06185 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. The contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NIOSH or NIEHS. Heat stress - December 15, 2005

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