Flood-Prone Areas
TVA’s reservoir system was primarily designed to protect 15 damage centers—locations that were statistically likely to suffer flood damage.
Flood Damage Centers
Of these damage centers, Chattanooga is at greatest risk. The city sits in a low plain between the eastern and western parts of the Tennessee Valley just above the point where the Tennessee River passes through the Cumberland Mountains.
Before TVA started its flood operations, major storms occurring in the 21,400-square-mile drainage area above Chattanooga would cause the Tennessee River to rise rapidly. When it reached Chattanooga, the swollen river would attempt to carry more water through the narrow mountain passes below the city than the river channel would allow. The excess water that could not flow immediately through the mountains would naturally back up to the city, flooding it on the average of once a year. For this reason, reducing the flood risk at Chattanooga was a major priority in the design of the TVA reservoir system and remains a major operating priority today.