| CDC-Public Health Research Awards |
The CDC Office of Public Health Research (OPHR) facilitates CDC research prioritization, planning, and evaluation across both intramural and extramural programs, and ensures the CDC research portfolio is designed for maximum impact on public health and is achieving the desired ends. The OPHR offers several awards in collaboration with the various CDC Centers, including the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC). The following awards were made through the NCIPC.
CDC Mentored Public Health Research Scientist Development Award (K01)RFA-CD-07-003
Catherine Bradshaw,
Ph.D.
Johns Hopkins University
Bloomberg School of Public
Health
624 North Broadway, Suite
831
Baltimore, MD 21205
Phone: (410)
502-2557
Fax: (410) 955-9088
E-mail:
Cbradsha@JHSPH.EDU
Grant No: CE001333
Project
Title: Increasing Utilization of
Evidence-Based Violence Prevention Programs in
Schools
Project
Period: 9/30/2007 - 9/29/2010
Abstract:
Although the President's Commission identified schools as promising sites for early intervention with children manifesting aggressive behavior problems, the available evidence-based violence prevention programs (EBPs) are not readily adopted by schools. It is critical that we work in partnership with schools and school districts to bridge the gap between efficacy and effectiveness research by facilitating the process of EBP implementation and optimizing their impact in real world settings. The proposed Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01) will enable Dr. Catherine Bradshaw, a developmental psychologist, to design and conduct research that will increase the use and effectiveness of school-based violence prevention programs. The training takes place within a robust research environment that utilizes resources from 2 federally funded research centers, the CDC-funded Center for the Prevention of Youth Violence, directed by Dr. Philip Leaf, and the NIMH/NI DA funded Center for Prevention and Early Intervention, directed by Dr. Nicholas lalongo. The proposed training focuses on: 1) Developing skills and expertise in the design, implementation, and analysis of school-based violence prevention trials; 2) Applying formal decision-making models to the selection and implementation of EBPs to prevent youth violence. Drs. Leaf and lalongo will provide mentorship on youth violence and school-based prevention trials, Dr. David Murray will provide training on the design and analysis of group-randomized trials, and Dr. Harold Lehmann will provide training on informatics and decision support. The research plan builds on a CDC/NIMH-funded group-randomized trial of the Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) school-wide universal prevention model and a state-wide network of over 600 schools implementing PBIS to: 1) Create a web-based risk and protective factors screening instrument to guide an adaptive preventive intervention for children with aggressive behavior problems not responding to the universal PBIS program; 2) Implement and pilot a school-based adaptive preventive intervention for children with aggressive behavior problems. The objective of this research is to prevent youth violence by increasing dissemination and optimizing the effectiveness of school-based violence prevention programs. This award will prepare the PI for a career as an independent researcher focused on the implementation and effectiveness of school-based violence prevention programs. PERFORMANCE SITE(S) (organization, city, state) The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Department of Mental Health 624 N. Broadway, Suite 831 Baltimore, MD21205 PHS 398 (Rev. 04/06) ' Page 2 Form Page 2 Principal Investigator/Program Director (Last, First, Middle): Bradshaw, Catherine
Eric Sigel, M.D.
The Children’s Hospital
1056 E 19th St B-025
Denver, CO 80218
Phone: (303)
861-6133
Fax: (303) 837-2962
E-mail:
sigel.eric@tchden.org
Grant No: CE001332
Project
Title: Assessing an Adolescent
Violence Screening Tool Longitudinally for Primary
Care
Project
Period: 9/30/2007 – 9/29/2010
Abstract:
This K award will be
integral in the development of Dr. Sigel's career,
which is focused on youth violence detection and
intervention in the primary care setting. Dr. Sigel
will work with the Center for the Study and
Prevention of Violence, under the primary mentorship
of Dr. Terence Thornberry. To become an independent
researcher in this field, the candidate has
identified several skill sets that need enhancement,
including: improving knowledge of psychometric
properties of screening tools, improving ability to
conduct longitudinal, randomized control
intervention trials, learning skills to evaluate
program implementation, increasing understanding of
what interventions work for youth violence
intervention, and understanding the interface
between violence as a public health problem and how
the medical setting can be used to address this
issue. A combination of working at the CSPV, taking
didactic classes, interfacing with the community,
and carrying out the proposed research project will
accomplish this. Long term career goals include: 1)
becoming an independent clinical investigator in the
field of youth violence assessment and intervention;
2) studying and implementing evidence-based
interventions at the primary care level to decrease
morbidity and mortality from youth violence and 3)
establishing a center of excellence in youth
violence assessment and treatment, in collaboration
with community partners. The research project is:
Assessing Predictive Validity at 1 and 2 Years of
the Violence Injury, Protection and Risk Screening
Tool for Primary Care. Specific Aim: Determine the
predictive validity at one and two years of the
Violence Injury, Protection and Risk Screening (VIPRS)
Tool that identifies youth at risk for future
violence involvement (aggression, violence
perpetration, violence victimization, and injury
from violence).Methods: An initial cohort of 165
youth, and 131 parents have been enrolled to
evaluate the reliability and validity of the VIPRS
cross-sectionally. This proposed study will examine
the future predictive validity of the VIPRS by
assessing the initial cohort of youth and parents at
one and two year follow-up from initial enrollment.
Questionnaires evaluating aggression and
victimization will be administered, as well as
repeating the VIPRS. Chart review will be done at
one and two year follow-up to determine whether the
primary care practitioner diagnosed any behavior
related to violence involvement, or any violence
related injury. Analysis The predictive validity of
the VIPRS will be examined using multivariate linear
or logistic regression analysis to determine
whether:1) the VIPRS baseline scores are associated
with violent behavior occurring between baseline and
the one-year and two year follow-up interview; and
2) change in VIPRS scores from baseline to one-year
is associated with violent behavior occurring
between the one-year follow-up interview and the
two-year follow-up interviews, adjusted for baseline
VIPRS scores. Project Narrative/Relevance: This
project is vital to the public health issue of youth
violence. Primary care health professionals have not
been actively involved in treating youth violence,
mostly because it is time consuming and challenging
to recognize youth at risk. By creating an easy to
administer screening tool, health professionals will
be able to recognize, and ultimately intervene
before youth suffer the consequences of violence
involvement.
CD-07-005: Improving Public Health Practice through Translation Research (R18)
Dr. Mark J. Chaffin, Ph.D.
Professor of Pediatrics
University of Oklahoma
Health Sciences Center
Pediatrics Division:
College of Medicine
CHO 3B3406 Street 2: PO
Box 26901
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
73190
Phone: (405)271-8858
Fax: (405)271-2931
Email:
mark-chaffin@ouhsc.edu
Grant Number: CE001334-01
Project Title:
Cascading Diffusion of an
Evidence-Based Child Maltreatment Intervention
Project Period:
09/30/2007-09/29/2010
Abstract:
Project Abstract Child
neglect is the dominant referral problem among
families entering the child welfare service system,
comprising two-thirds of all entering cases
nationally. Neglect cases are characterized by high
recidivism, and relatively high negative impact on
children with respect to health, mental health, and
behavioral outcomes. Most neglect cases are served
by in-home family preservation/family reunification
(FP/FR) service systems. Many FP/FR
services-as-usual are based on a loose social
support and case management model, and more
effective models with stronger scientific support,
such as the SafeCare model, have not yet penetrated
into FP/FR service systems. How to diffuse
evidence-based models throughout these systems, and
maintain sustained fidelity, is an open question.
Results from two ongoing NIMH-funded studies of a
statewide SafeCare controlled-trail implementation
in Oklahoma have yielded initial findings that some
implementation features (e.g. in vivo provider
coaching) are critical. In this proposal, we will
test a new and promising implementation and
diffusion approach developed for transporting
SafeCare into an existing FP/FR service network in
San Diego County California. The proposed study will
take advantage of a new, recently funded
implementation project, scheduled to begin in
September, 2007. The proposed study will use this
already funded implementation as a vehicle for
expanding scientific knowledge about the
implementation and diffusion project. The diffusion
model involves a cascading approach, first
developing a small seed program of exceptionally
high quality, then using providers from the seed
program as in vivo coaches and implementation agents
for sequential implementations at other provider
agencies in the system. This study will examine
whether or not the planned diffusion model can
develop a network of services with self-sustaining
levels of model fidelity and provider competency
across cascading waves of individual agency
implementation. Also, using a mixed-methods
(quantitative/qualitative) approach, we will examine
and describe the relationship between individual
provider staff, system, and organizational factors,
and their impact on the implementation process. The
anticipated results of the study will be a rich data
set systematically describing key factors and issues
involved in diffusion of an EBT within a child
welfare FP/FR service system along with data on the
effectiveness of the diffusion model in achieving
sustained model uptake
Andrea Gielen, Sc.D.
Johns Hopkins University
624 North Broadway
Hampton House Room 557
Baltimore, MD 21205
Phone: (410)
955-2397
Fax: (410) 614-2797
Email:
agielen@jhsph.edu
Grant
No: CE001339
Project
Title: Dissemination Research in
Child Safety
Project
Period: 9/30/2007 – 9/29/1010
Abstract:
This proposal utilizes proven effective interventions to reduce home injuries caused by fires, scalds, and carbon monoxide. Using participatory methods, we propose to study the dissemination of lithium smoke alarms, hot water safety, and carbon monoxide detectors in census tracts at high risk in East Baltimore. The proposal is specifically responsive to research requested by the CCEHIP in its focus on unintentional injury prevention and healthy homes as well as that requested by the NCHM in its focus on the utilization of effective partnerships to improve dissemination to high risk populations. The proposed research builds on the ongoing community work of four organizations: 1) The CARES Mobile Safety Resource Center; 2) The Baltimore City Fire Department; 3) The Center for Community Health Education, Advocacy, Leadership, and Training; and 4) The Environmental Justice Partnership. Together, this team proposes dissemination research to: 1) Describe the implementation of a community program promoting adoption of effective injury prevention interventions in low income, urban neighborhoods by completing a) in depth interviews with community partners and stakeholders and b) a process evaluation of the program; 2) Determine the diffusion of the program among families in the selected neighborhoods by conducting household surveys in two communities (intervention and comparison) to measure program awareness, participation, knowledge and adoption of the injury prevention interventions; 3) Determine the maintenance of injury prevention interventions among families who participated in the program by conducting a six-month follow up visit with a cohort of program participants; and 4) Identify the mechanisms through which the program could be scaled-up and institutionalized to address the needs of all high-risk communities throughout the city by conducting key informant interviews with selected policy makers and other leaders. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods is proposed, including interviews, document reviews, and home observations. Utilization of multiple types of research methods will help advance the scientific approach to dissemination research. Results will also yield new knowledge about how best to disseminate effective interventions to reduce burns and carbon monoxide poisoning among children and families living in high risk, urban communities.
Ronald Prinz, Ph.D.
University of South
Carolina Research Foundation
1512 Pendleton St
Columbia, SC 29208
Phone: (803)
777-7143
Fax: (803) 777-5502
Email:
prinz@sc.edu
Grant
Number: CE001340
Project
Title: Population-Level Parenting
Interventions to Reduce Prevalence of Child Abuse
Project
Period: 9/30/2007 –
9/29/2010
Abstract:
This project focuses on improving public health practice through translation research in the context of a population trial aimed at the prevalence reduction of child maltreatment. This trial, called the U.S. Triple P System Population Trial, is the only known study on prevention of child maltreatment that has randomly assigned geographical areas (in this case 18 counties) to condition and is examining impact on population indicators of child maltreatment. The public-health-based intervention is the Triple P (Positive Parenting Program) system for which efficacy and effectiveness has been well established through over 30 previous RCTs. The key aims are: (1) to identify and better understand facilitators and impediments to maintenance of service-provider implementation of evidence-based parenting interventions for prevention of child maltreatment; (2) to evaluate how well the translation of the evidence-based parenting interventions into a broad-scale dissemination strategy has succeeded with respect to the sustaining the prevention of child maltreatment over multiple years with respect to child out-of-home placements, child hospitalizations and emergency-room visits for maltreatment-related injuries, and child maltreatment cases; (3) to evaluate the cost effectiveness of the population-wide dissemination over multiple years; and (4) to characterize variation in child-maltreatment prevention outcomes across counties and explore associations with implementation and socio-demographic variables. The methodology includes randomization and experimental control at the level of county (controlling for prior rates of child abuse), repeated field assessments with 400 service providers, and ecological dissemination of the public health intervention.
C. Raymond Bingham,
Ph.D.
University of
Michigan
2901 Baxter Road
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2150
Phone: 734-763-2466
Fax: 734-936-1076
E-mail:
rbingham@umich.edu
Grant No: CE001341
Project
Title: Translating Teen Driver and
Parent6 Interventions into Diverse Practice Settings
Project
Period: 9/30/2007 – 9/29/2010
Abstract:
The overall goal of this study is to improve teen driver safety by increasing parental involvement in helping their teens' learn to drive. A qualitative/quantitative method will be used to examine three issues: achieving more complete implementation of GDL programs by increasing parental involvement with and supervision of their teens as they learn to drive; introducing the Checkpoints program into existing GDL programs as a means of improving parental supervision of their teens as they learn to drive; and, increasing parental involvement in their teens' driver training by identifying disparities in access to licensure through GDL programs, and investigating solutions to increase equal access. Research has consistently shown that GDL is effective in reducing crashes involving teen drivers, including fatal and non-fatal injury crashes. However, the effectiveness of GDL could be improved by better adherence to its requirements. Research has also shown the promise of Checkpoints in enhancing parental limits set on teens' early driving, and on reducing their risky driving. Developing an understanding of how these two evidence-based, complementary approaches could be more effectively and widely implemented should accelerate their adoption, and contribute to a substantial reduction in teen crashes. Disparities in access to driver licensure through GDL results in teens postponing licensure until they are 18 years of age. However, there is significant evidence that unlicensed teens are driving in spite of not being licensed. As a result, they are placing themselves and others at risk, and driving without the safety benefit of GDL. This study will examine these issues using a combination of qualitative methods to understand barriers to and facilitators of GDL licensure and the introduction of Checkpoints into GDL, and to identify disparities in access to GDL and ways to enhance equal access. The results of the qualitative data collection will be used, with the assistance of an expert panel, to develop a survey that will be administered to a nationally representative sample of parents with teens aged 15-17 years. The results of the survey will be presented to the expert panel, and the panel will assist the research team in developing guidelines and recommendations that address the research issues related to GDL, Checkpoints, and disparities in access to GDL. These recommendations will be disseminated to state and federal driver safety departments and offices, and through presentations and peer reviewed publication.
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Content Source: National Center for
Injury Prevention and Control
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