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Astronaut Photography of Earth - Display Record

ISS008-E-5649

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	File Name	File Size (bytes)	Width	Height	Annotated	Cropped	Purpose	Comments
View	ISS008-E-5649.JPG	44993	540	298	Yes	Yes	NASA's Earth Observatory web site
View	ISS008-E-5649.JPG	44993	540	298	Yes	Yes	NASA's Earth Observatory web site	mosaicked with ISS008-E-5652
View	ISS008-E-5649.JPG	64420	639	435	No	No

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	File Name	File Size (bytes)	Width	Height	Annotated	Cropped	Purpose	Comments
Request	ISS008-E-5649.JPG	911599	3032	2064	No	No
Request	ISS008-E-5649.JPG	1479378	1000	1815	No	Yes	NASA's Earth Observatory web site	mosaicked with ISS008-E-5652

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Electronic Image Data

Camera Files >> No sound file available.

Identification

Mission: ISS008 Roll: E Frame: 5649 Mission ID on the Film or image: ISS008
Country or Geographic Name: PERU
Features: LAKE TITICACA, AMANTANI ISLAND
Center Point Latitude: -15.5 Center Point Longitude: -69.5 (Negative numbers indicate south for latitude and west for longitude)
Stereo: (Yes indicates there is an adjacent picture of the same area)
ONC Map ID: JNC Map ID:

Camera

Camera Tilt: High Oblique
Camera Focal Length: 80mm
Camera: E4: Kodak DCS760C Electronic Still Camera
Film: 3060E : 3060 x 2036 pixel CCD, RGBG array.

Quality

Film Exposure:
Percentage of Cloud Cover: 10 (0-10)

Nadir

Date: 20031108 (YYYYMMDD)GMT Time: 145807 (HHMMSS)
Nadir Point Latitude: -1.2, Longitude: -78.9 (Negative numbers indicate south for latitude and west for longitude)
Nadir to Photo Center Direction: Southeast
Sun Azimuth: 119 (Clockwise angle in degrees from north to the sun measured at the nadir point)
Spacecraft Altitude: 203 nautical miles (376 km)
Sun Elevation Angle: 56 (Angle in degrees between the horizon and the sun, measured at the nadir point)
Orbit Number: 357

Captions

Lake Titicaca:
Lake Titicaca, at an elevation of 12,507 feet (3,812 meters) in the Andean Altiplano, is the highest large lake in the world. More than 120 miles long and 50 miles wide, it was the center of the Incan civilization, and today straddles the boundary between Peru and Bolivia.

Perhaps more importantly, Lake Titicaca contains one of South America’s longest climate records, extending back more than 25,000 years. Scientists have studied indicators of the water level changes over time in Lake Titicaca to tease out information about precipitation shifts in the high Andes and the South American tropics. Because the lake occupies the low point of the Altiplano, much of the water of the high plateau eventually trickles into the lake. And because it is surrounded by mountains, very little of Lake Titicaca’s water drains out—the Rio Desguadero is the only major outflow river. So, like a bathtub with no drain, this large and deep lake (with depths of several hundred feet) has become the collecting basin for more than 25,000 years of sediment. These sediments and their fossils contain clues about past climate conditions.

The restricted outflow of the lake creates conditions where even shorter, interannual climate cycles (like El Niño/Southern Oscillation) impact Lake Titicaca’s water levels. Recent lake level variations have been several meters, with low levels occurring during regional droughts of El Niños. Right now, the region is relatively wet. In this image, the dark greens of the wetlands along the shallower margins of the lake contrast strongly with the surrounding desert, while large cities like Puno, Peru (100,000 people), are difficult to discern from the surrounding countryside.

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