This NIJ Research Report, cosponsored by the Office of Community Oriented Policing, describes the demands placed on reservation police departments and explores the constraints within which these police departments operate. It contains findings from a literature review, a two-part survey of Indian police departments, and site visits to four departments. The typical department described in the report is attempting to cope with rising crime, increased police involvement in the social concerns that relate to crime, and greater community demands for police services.