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Astronaut Photography of Earth - Display RecordISS010-E-13029Low-resolution Browse Image(Most browse images are not color adjusted.)ImagesConditions for Use of Images >>Image Transformation Tutorial >> Saving, Color Adjusting, and Printing Images >> Images to View on Your Computer Now
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Download a Keyhole Markup Language (KML) file for use in Google Earth. Electronic Image DataCamera Files >> No sound file available.IdentificationMission: ISS010 Roll: E Frame: 13029 Mission ID on the Film or image: ISS010Country or Geographic Name: BRAZIL Features: CANAL PERIGOSO, CAVIANA I. Center Point Latitude: 0.1 Center Point Longitude: -49.7 (Negative numbers indicate south for latitude and west for longitude) Stereo: (Yes indicates there is an adjacent picture of the same area) ONC Map ID: JNC Map ID: CameraCamera Tilt: 43Camera Focal Length: 400mm Camera: E4: Kodak DCS760C Electronic Still Camera Film: 3060E : 3060 x 2036 pixel CCD, RGBG array. QualityFilm Exposure:Percentage of Cloud Cover: 50 (26-50) NadirDate: 20050113 (YYYYMMDD)GMT Time: 173526 (HHMMSS)Nadir Point Latitude: -0.2, Longitude: -46.7 (Negative numbers indicate south for latitude and west for longitude) Nadir to Photo Center Direction: West Sun Azimuth: 236 (Clockwise angle in degrees from north to the sun measured at the nadir point) Spacecraft Altitude: 191 nautical miles (354 km) Sun Elevation Angle: 50 (Angle in degrees between the horizon and the sun, measured at the nadir point) Orbit Number: 3139 CaptionsCoastal Change, Amazon River MouthOver a period of approximately four years a major island near the mouth of the Amazon River has been dramatically modified as the arms of the river have shifted. In the image above, an oblique image, captured by an astronaut with a handheld camera in January 2005 (base image), is contrasted with a false-color Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) image from 2000 (inset). In the Landsat inset, green indicates rainforest, pinks and mauves are low-growing, colonizing vegetation on tidally inundated areas, and the Amazon River is blue. The island is about 5 kilometers long and is located near 0.3° N 50.2° W). Between 2000 and 2005 the channel on the west side of the island has shifted to the northwest by eroding ~200 meters of the mainland shoreline and accreting (depositing) sediment on the west side of the island, broadly maintaining the width of the channel. White lines around the island in the inset image indicate the modern shorelines captured in the astronaut photograph. In the handheld photograph, the island shoreline of 2000 prominently demarcates older vegetated from new, not-yet-vegetated land surfaces (top arrow). By contrast, the northern channel (to the right of the island) has significantly widened, eroding almost 1 kilometer of the northern end of the island, as well as narrowing a smaller island downstream (lower right). A more important but subtler effect has been the accumulation of sediment on the upstream (left-hand) two-thirds of the island, accompanied by the establishment of permanent vegetation (dark green). Vegetation appears to anchor small streams in place, but discharge in major arms of the Amazon overcomes the cohesive power of vegetation so that large channels can be comparatively mobile. Other islands in the Amazon mouth are also known to have moved by hundreds of meters per year due to the processes of erosion and deposition. Download Packaged File. This option downloads the following items, packaged into a single file, if they are available:
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