Stop Signs: A stop sign is one of the most valuable and effective control devices when used at the right place and under the right conditions. It is intended to help drivers and pedestrians at an intersection decide who has the right-of-way. One common misuse of stop signs is to arbitrarily interrupt through traffic, either by causing it to stop, or by causing such an inconvenience as to force the traffic to use other routes. Where stop signs are installed as "nuisances" or "speed breakers," there is high incidence of intentional violation. In those locations where vehicles do stop, the speed reduction is effective only in the immediate vicinity of the stop sign and frequently speeds are actually higher between intersections. For these reasons, it should not be used as a speed control device.

A school crossing may look dangerous for children to use, causing parents to demand a stop sign to halt traffic. Now a vehicle which had been a problem for 3 seconds while approaching and passing the intersection becomes a problem for a much longer period. A situation of indecision is created as to when to cross as a pedestrian or when to start as a motorist. Normal gaps in traffic through which crossings could be made safely no longer exist. An intersection which previously was not busy now looks like a major intersection.

Most drivers are reasonable and prudent with no intention of  violating traffic regulations. When an unreasonable restriction is imposed, it may result in flagrant violations. In such cases, the stop sign can create a false sense of security in a pedestrian and an attitude of contempt in a motorist. These two attitudes can conflict with tragic results. Well-developed, nationally recognized guidelines help to indicate when such controls become necessary. In addition to these guidelines, among other things considered include: the probability of vehicles arriving at an intersection at the same time, the length of time traffic must wait to enter and the availability of safe crossing opportunities.

Traffic Signals: Traffic signals don't always prevent accidents. They are not always an asset to traffic control. In some instances, total accidents and severe injuries increased after signals were installed. Usually, in such instances, right angle collisions were reduced by the traffic signals, but the total number of collisions, especially the rear-end type increased. There are times when the installation of signals result in an increase in pedestrian accidents. Many pedestrians feel secure with a painted crosswalk and a red light between them and an approaching vehicle. The motorist, on the other hand, is not always so quick to recognize these barriers. When can a traffic signal be an asset instead of a liability to safety? In order to answer this, traffic engineers have to ask and answer a series of questions:

• Are there so many cars on both streets that signal controls are necessary to clear up the confusion or relieve the congestion?
  

• Is the traffic on the main street so heavy that drivers on the side street will try to cross when it is unsafe?
  

• Are there so many pedestrians trying to cross a busy main street that confusing, congested or hazardous conditions result?
  

• Are there so many school children trying to cross the street at the same time that they need special controls for their protection? If so, is a traffic signal the best solution?
  

• Are signals at this location going to help drivers maintain a uniform pace along the route without stopping unnecessarily?
  

• Does the collision history indicate that signal controls will reduce the probability of collisions?
  

• Do two arterials intersect at this location and will a signal help improve the flow of traffic?
  

• Is there a combination of the above conditions which indicates that a signal will be an improvement rather than a detriment?
  

To aid them in answering these questions, engineers compare the existing conditions against nationally accepted minimum guidelines. These guidelines (Warrants) were established from many observations at intersections throughout the country by experienced traffic engineers. Where the guidelines were met, the signals generally were operating effectively with good public compliance. Where the guidelines were not met, public compliance was reduced, and additional hazards resulted. A traffic signal that decreases accidents and improves the flow of traffic is an asset to any community. On the other hand, an ill-advised or poorly designed signal can be a source of danger and annoyance to all who use the intersection; pedestrians, cyclists and drivers alike.

Pedestrian Signals

Push Buttons:  If you don't activate the pedestrian signal by pushing the button, the traffic light won't give you enough time to safely cross the street. You only need to push the button once for it to be activated.

Don't Walk & Walk Signals: The flashing "don't walk" or upraised hand is a warning to people who have not yet entered the intersection that it's too late to safely cross the street before the traffic signal changes allowing cars to proceed. Signals are timed to allow plenty of time for people who have already started walking to safely cross the street.

Transportation engineers world-wide are moving toward the use of symbol signs in place of word signs because they are easier for people to comprehend in a shorter amount of time. In the case of pedestrian signals, both "word" and "symbol" signs are currently in use. Here's what they mean:

• "Walk" or walking pedestrian symbol means you may begin crossing.
  

• A flashing or steady "Don't Walk" or an upraised hand symbol means it's too late to begin crossing. Don't enter the street but finish crossing if you have already started.
  

Safe Crossings: The signals assign your legal rights in the intersection, however, it is important to be cautious when crossing busy intersections. The following suggestions are offered in the interest of safety:

• Cross intersections defensively
  

• When crossing the street, regardless of the availability of signals, cross as quickly as possible.
  

• Always watch for turning vehicles. You have the legal right to be there, but that doesn't protect you from the carelessness of some motorists
  

Children at Play: Although some other states have posted "Children At Play" signs in residential areas, no factual evidence has been presented to document their success in reducing pedestrian accidents, operating speeds or legal liability. Studies have shown that many types of signs attempting to warn of normal conditions in residential areas have failed to achieve the desired safety benefits. If signs encourage parents and children to believe they have an added degree of protection, which the signs do not and cannot provide, a great disservice results. Because of these serious considerations, Tempe does not recognize use of "Children at Play" signs. Specific warnings for schools are available for use where clearly justified. Children should not be encouraged to play within the street travel ways. The sign has long been rejected since it is a direct and open suggestion that this behavior is acceptable.

Blocked Signs: Transportation Division staff will respond to concerns about trees that block traffic signs and that hang too low over sidewalks and streets. They will either notify the property owner to trim their tree or plant or they will trim the tree. The Transportation Division will address concerns about trees and other plants that limit visibility at an intersection. For example, a large bush at the corner that blocks the ability of a driver to see if traffic is coming from another street.

Roadway Signage: The repair of non-electrical signs and  street name signs that guide vehicles and pedestrians through our street system is important in maintaining traffic safety and flow. Please report any missing or damaged signs immediately.  Contact Traffic Operations at 480-350-8284.

Traffic Signal Maintenance: Traffic signals are installed to assign right-of-way at congested intersections. Signals are primarily justified based on traffic volumes (both vehicular and pedestrian) and accidents. Traffic Operations is then responsible for construction, operation and maintenance of traffic signals in Tempe. Contact Traffic Operations at 480-350-8284.