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CLASS 422, | CHEMICAL APPARATUS AND PROCESS DISINFECTING, DEODORIZING, PRESERVING, OR STERILIZING |
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION
This is a generic class for (1) processes of disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving or sterilizing and (2) apparatus for (a) carrying out chemical reactions, (b) preparing or treating chemical compounds or compositions even though only a physical reaction is discernible, (c) performing an analysis which involves either a chemical reaction or a physical reaction not elsewhere provided, for and (d) carrying out the above processes not elsewhere provided for.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
(A) Processes involving disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving or sterilizing (and apparatus when appropriate) for treating a compound, composition, or by-product by particularly
(1) Preserving by purification only is classified with the appropriate compound, composition, or physical separation class. Where the purification involves a chemical reaction, see the appropriate compound or composition class, Class 423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, subclasses 210+ having the generic art on gas purification involving a chemical reaction. Where there is purification by physical separation only, see the appropriate physical separation class in References To Other Classes below.
(2) By coating, impregnating, or laminating. See References To Other Classes below for class references to this area.
(3) By cleaning. See References To Other Classes below for class references to this area.
(4) By heating, cooking, cooling, and/or drying only. See References To Other Classes below for class references to this area.
(B) Art processes and apparatus are classified with the appropriate art even though the steps of, or means for, disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, are claimed in combination therewith. The disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing subcombination should be cross-referenced to the appropriate place. See References To Other Classes below for class references to this area.
(C) Other disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per se. See References To Other Classes below for class references to this area.
(D) Apparatus
(1) Analytical apparatus. See References To Other Classes below for class references to this area.
(2) Material preparation or treating apparatus. See References To Other Classes below for class references to this area.
SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
4, | Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons, particularly subclasses 111.1 , 111.4, 220+, 222+, 261, and 294. (processes and apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in combination.) |
8, | Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers, (processes and apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in combination.) |
8, | Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers, subclasses 94.1+ for the preservation of hides, skins, feathers, and other animal tissues. (disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per se.) |
15, | Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, for apparatus for brushing, beating, shaking, wiping, shotting, the use of a squeegee, or the removal of material by a draft or current of air, steam, or equivalent gaseous fluid. (treating a compound, composition, or by-product by cleaning.) |
15, | Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, (processes and apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in combination.) |
27, | Undertaking, particularly subclasses 11 and 21.1+. (processes and apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in combination.) |
27, | Undertaking, subclasses 21.1+ for embalming. (see above section on disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per se.) |
28, | Textiles: Manufacturing, (processes and apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in combination.) |
29, | Metal Working, appropriate subclasses for apparatus for making named type articles. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
30, | Cutlery, particularly subclasses 124+ and 140. (processes and apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in combination.) |
34, | Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, (physical separation class) |
34, | Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate subclasses for treating solid material by drying or with vapor contact. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
34, | Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, (treating a compound, composition, or by-product by heating, cooking, cooling, and/or drying only.) |
43, | Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, subclasses 124+ for process and apparatus for destroying macroscopic vermin visible to the naked eye. This class (422) provides for process and apparatus generic to destruction of vermin and micro-organisms. (see above section on disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per se.) |
47, | Plant Husbandry, when limited to treating living plants, particularly subclass 57.5 for injecting processes and apparatus. (see above section on disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per se.) |
44, | Fuel and Related Compositions, appropriate subclasses for apparatus for preparing the subject matter of the class. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
48, | Gas: Heating and Illuminating, for apparatus for making heating and illuminating gas. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
48, | Gas: Heating and Illuminating, (processes and apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in combination.) |
52, | Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), particularly subclasses 101 , 130, 168, and 517 for in situ used building components with attached or built-in preserving features. (art processes and apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in combination.) |
53, | Package Making, subclasses 428+ for methods; and subclasses 111+ for apparatus for packaging combined with contents treating. (art processes and apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in combination.) |
53, | Package Making, subclasses 111+ for packaging apparatus with contents material treating. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
55, | Gas Separation, (physical separation class) |
60, | Power Plants, appropriate subclasses for power plants using named chemical material. material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
62, | Refrigeration, particularly subclass 78 and subclass 331 for processes and apparatus for preserving by refrigeration, including such steps or means combined with deodorizing, antisepticizing or germiciding the material which is subjected to refrigeration or providing a special atmosphere in a cooled space. (see above section on disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per se.) |
62, | Refrigeration, appropriate subclasses for apparatus for cooling or freezing, especially subclass 330 for such apparatus with means for making the refrigerant. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
62, | Refrigeration, particularly subclass 78 , and subclass 331 for processes and apparatus for preserving by refrigeration, including such steps or means combined with deodorizing, antisepticizing or germiciding the material which is subjected to refrigeration or providing a special atmosphere in a cooled space. (art processes and apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in combination.) |
65, | Glass Manufacturing, appropriate subclasses for apparatus for making glass including glass in the form of filaments or fibers. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
68, | Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, subclass 1 and 2 for waste reclaiming and carbonizing apparatus, respectively. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
73, | Measuring, and Testing, for apparatus for making tests and measurements not otherwise provided for. See particularly subclass 36 for testing illuminating fluids for flash point, vapor pressure, and end point. (analytical apparatus.) |
95, | Gas Separation: Processes, (physical separation class) |
96, | Gas Separation: Apparatus, for apparatus for gas separation not involving a chemical reaction. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
96, | Gas Separation: Apparatus, (physical separation class) |
99, | Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, (treating a compound, composition, or by-product by heating, cooking, cooling, and/or drying only.) |
99, | Food and Beverages: Apparatus, subclasses 467+ for subjecting food to a modified atmosphere; and subclasses 518+ and 600+ for grain hulling which may involve the removal of smut and other organisms by substantial rubbing, abrading, etc. (see above section on disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per se.) |
99, | Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, appropriate subclass for food making and treating apparatus. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
100, | Presses, subclasses 70+ for apparatus for pressing combined with means providing an additional treatment of the material being pressed. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
101, | Printing, (art processes and apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in combination.) |
110, | Furnaces, (treating a compound, composition, or by-product by heating, cooking, cooling, and/or drying only.) |
110, | Furnaces, subclasses 235+ for apparatus for burning wet fuel, garbage and sewage, and refuse, respectively. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
117, | Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for non-coating apparatus for growing therein-defined single-crystal of all types of materials, including inorganic or organic. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
118, | Coating Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for coating apparatus combined with means to treat the work or coating. (This search note is related to material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
119, | Animal Husbandry, (art processes and apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in combination.) |
119, | Animal Husbandry, subclass 156 for antivermin treatment. (see above section on disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per se.) |
122, | Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, (treating a compound, composition, or by-product by heating, cooking, cooling, and/or drying only.) |
122, | Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, subclass 21 for boiler heated by chemical action other than combustion of fuel; and subclasses 379+ for boiler having means to clean same. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
126, | Stoves and Furnaces, subclasses 263.01+ for means for creating heat by chemical action. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
127, | Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates, subclasses 1+ for apparatus for treating sugars, starches, and carbohydrates material. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
126, | Stoves and Furnaces, (treating a compound, composition, or by-product by heating, cooking, cooling, and/or drying only.) |
127, | Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates, (physical separation class) |
128, | Surgery, (art processes and apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in combination.) |
131, | Tobacco, subclass 290 , particularly subclasses 290 and 300. (see above section on disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per se.) |
134, | Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, subclasses 43+ for cleaning apparatus or liquid contact with solids apparatus. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
134, | Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, for cleaning processes (including those performed by the apparatus of Class 15 for cleaning apparatus not otherwise provided for). (treating a compound, composition, or by-product by cleaning.) |
136, | Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, appropriate subclasses for means for generating an electrical current. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
137, | Fluid Handling, subclasses 15.1+ for apparatus for handling fluids. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
136, | Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, (art processes and apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in combination.) |
137, | Fluid Handling, subclasses 88+ for systems for controlling the mixture of a plurality of fluids in response to the sensing of a condition or characteristic of the mixture, note particularly subclass 93 in which the control is in response to a sensing of a chemical property. (analytical apparatus.) |
141, | Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means, (art processes and apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in combination.) |
148, | Metal Treatment, (art processes and apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in combination.) |
156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, subclasses 345.1 through 345.55for etching adhesive bonding and various types chemical manufacture apparatus. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
159, | Concentrating Evaporators, (physical separation class) |
162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, (art processes and apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in combination.) |
159, | Concentrating Evaporators, for means concentrating solids held in a solution of suspension. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, subclasses 232+ for apparatus for making paper or liberating fiber. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
164, | Metal Founding, subclasses 139+ for apparatus for moulding metal. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
165, | Heat Exchange, (treating a compound, composition, or by-product by heating, cooking, cooling, and/or drying only.) |
166, | Wells, (art processes and apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in combination.) |
169, | Fire Extinguishers, (art processes and apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in combination.) |
169, | Fire Extinguishers, especially subclass 6 and 7 for fire extinguishers operable as a result of chemical action. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
196, | Mineral Oils: Apparatus, (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
196, | Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclasses 132 and 141 for combinations of apparatus for making a test or measurement and means for controlling a reaction provided for in that class. (analytical apparatus.) |
201, | Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, (physical separation class). |
202, | Distillation: Apparatus, (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
202, | Distillation: Apparatus, (physical separation class). |
203, | Distillation: Processes, Separatory, (physical separation class). |
204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, (physical separation class). |
204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclasses 193+ for apparatus for that class. (Material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclasses 194+ for electrolytic apparatus, in general, including that used for preserving, disinfecting, or sterilizing, and other appropriate subclasses for electrical or wave energy methods for the production of chlorine, ozone, or other preserving, disinfecting, or sterilizing agents. (see above section on disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per se.) |
204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclasses 400 through 435for apparatus specialized for the determination of hydrogen ion concentration of solutions. (analytical apparatus.) |
205, | Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions, subclasses 334+ for electrolytic synthesis of chlorine, ozone, or other preserving, disinfecting, or sterilizing agents and subclasses 687+ for electrolytic material treatment processes, especially subclass 701 for electrolytic treatment of biological material (e.g., sterilizing, etc.). (See above section on disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per se.) |
206, | Special Receptacle or Package, subclass .5 for infusion containing receptacle; and subclasses 524.1+ for container with specified material or content. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
208, | Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, (physical separation class). |
209, | Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, (physical separation class). |
210, | Liquid Purification or Separation, (physical separation class). |
210, | Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 600+ for processes; and subclasses 85 and 542 for apparatus for other liquid purification. (see above section on disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per se.) |
210, | Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 85+ for apparatus for purifying a liquid. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
215, | Bottles and Jars, appropriate subclasses for bottles, jars, closures, and attachments therefor. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
219, | Electric Heating, appropriate subclasses for electrical heating devices. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
219, | Electric Heating, (treating a compound, composition, or by-product by heating, cooking, cooling, and/or drying only.) |
222, | Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for dispensing apparatus. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
228, | Metal Fusion Bonding, subclasses 2+ for fusion bonding apparatus. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
239, | Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
241, | Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, subclasses 31+ for comminution apparatus combined with material treating means. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
241, | Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, (physical separation class). |
241, | Solid Material, Comminution or Disintegration, for comminuting combined with physical preservation, sterilization, or disinfecting where the combined step or means is of the type provided for as a combination in that class (241). (art processes and apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in combination.) |
261, | Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, Class 422 has no preservative by either purification involving a chemical reaction or by physical separation. (physical separation class) |
261, | Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
264, | Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, (art processes and apparatus for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing when steps or means are claimed in combination.) |
266, | Metallurgical Apparatus, (treating a compound, composition, or by-product by heating, cooking, cooling, and/or drying only.) |
266, | Metallurgical Apparatus, subclass 80 for automatic means with an analyzer. (analytical apparatus.) |
299, | Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material, subclass 5 for apparatus for in situ conversion of solid to fluid by dissolving or chemical action. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
312, | Supports: Cabinet Structure, subclasses 31+ for cabinet structure support with gas or vapor treatment of material. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
324, | Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for apparatus for testing an electrical property or condition of a material by electrical means, even though the results of the test may be used as an indication of some other physical or chemical property or condition. (analytical apparatus.) |
346, | Recorders, for recording apparatus, per se. (analytical apparatus.) |
366, | Agitating, subclass 142 for agitating means with a test, signal, or indicator means. (analytical apparatus.) |
373, | Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, (treating a compound, composition, or by-product by heating, cooking, cooling, and/or drying only.) |
376, | Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and Elements, subclasses 340+ for generally treating materials within a nuclear reactor including for such purposes as preserving, disinfecting, and sterilizing. (see above section on disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per se.) |
378, | X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclasses 64+ for x-irradiation. (see above section on disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per se.) |
379, | Telephonic Communications, subclass 452 for antiseptic protectors for telephones. (This search note is related to other disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per se.) |
374, | Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 8 for flammability testing; and subclasses 31+ for calorimetry. (analytical apparatus.) |
366, | Agitating, appropriate subclasses for agitating apparatus. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
373, | Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, subclasses 109+ for carbon treating apparatus. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
376, | Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and Elements, appropriate subclasses for apparatus for carrying out nuclear reactions. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
396, | Photography, subclasses 564+ for fluid-treating apparatus for photographic film. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
414, | Material or Article Handling, appropriate subclasses for article or material handling, usually of general utility. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, appropriate subclasses for process involving mere use of the composition of that class (424). (This search note is related to other disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per se.) |
426, | Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products, subclasses 312+ and 321+ for preservation of edible materials. (see above section on disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per se.) |
435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, (see above section on disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per se.) |
425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus, including apparatus for pelletizing, agglomerating, or granulating. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
429, | Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus, Product, and Process, appropriate subclasses for means for producing electricity caused by a chemical reaction. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
431, | Combustion, for apparatus for burning material. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
432, | Heating, for heating apparatus. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclasses 283.1+ for apparatus for propagating, treating, or containing enzymes or living organisms or for fermenting. (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
494, | Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Separators, (material preparation or treating apparatus.) |
426, | Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products (treating a compound, composition, or by-product by heating, cooking, cooling, and/or drying only.) |
427, | Coating Processes, for preserving a substance by coating, including the compounds, classified in Class 423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds and Class 260 Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, when the preserving is done by a coating operation which is, per se, classified in Class 427. (treating a compound, composition, or by-product by coating, impregnating, or laminating.) |
432, | Heating, (treating a compound, composition, or by-product by heating, cooking, cooling, and/or drying only.) |
435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, (physical separation class) |
436, | Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, (physical separation class) |
493, | Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web, (see above section on disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, per se.) |
494, | Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Separators, (physical separation class) |
506, | Combinatorial Chemistry Technology: Method, Library, Apparatus, subclasses 33 through 40for apparatus specially adapted for use in combinatorial chemistry or with a library such as in identifying, screening, or creating a library. |
533, | through 570, Organic Compounds, appropriate subclasses. (physical separation class) |
585, | Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds, particularly subclasses 2+ and 800+. (physical separation class) |
588, | Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment, subclass 299 for the destruction of germ warfare agents by any method, subclasses 300-321 for processes of destruction by any chemical means of hazardous or toxic waste to make such waste safe for landfill disposal, and subclasses 249-260 for processes of permanently storing hazardous or toxic waste per se, particularly subclass 258 for storage of pathogenic organisms (e.g., virus, bacteria, or medical waste). |
D10, | Measuring, Testing, or Signaling Instruments, for design patents pertaining to the subject matter of the class. (analytical apparatus.) |
SUBCLASSES
1 | PROCESS DISINFECTING, PRESERVING, DEODORIZING, OR STERILIZING: | ||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process for maintaining a protective environment or counteracting
destructive environment by disinfection, deodorizing, preserving,
or sterilizing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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2 | Step of warning or decreasing hazard of process: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process including a step intended to increase the safety
of or decrease the danger of the process or to warn persons away
from an area where a dangerous process is being performed.
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3 | Process control in response to analysis: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein the disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving,
or sterilizing step is carried out in response to a step of chemical
analysis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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4 | A gas is substance acted upon: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process where the substance being acted upon is a gas.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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5 | Deodorizing: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein an offensive odor is destroyed or masked.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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6 | Affecting structure, article, etc., submerged in marine environment: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process for preserving structures, e.g., ships, docks, etc.,
used in open bodies of water, e.g., lakes, ponds, rivers, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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7 | Maintaining environment nondestructive to metal: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process for modifying an environment in contact with metal
in a manner that damage or destruction of the metal, by other than
mechanical means, is decreased or eliminated.
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8 | Using protective article (e.g., antitarnish fabric, etc.): | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Process involving use of an article or stock material to
protect metal other than by mere mechanical barrier.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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9 | Using gaseous preservative, preservative added to gaseous phase of environment, or maintaining gaseous phase nondestructive: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Process wherein (a) the agent used to prevent damage to
metal is a gas, (b) a substance is added to the gaseous phase to
prevent damage to the metal contacted by the gaseous phase, or (c)
the gaseous phase is treated to prevent it from damaging the metal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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10 | Manipulating gaseous environment for preservative purpose: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Process involving the step of handling the gaseous phase
which is for the sole purpose of preventing damage to metal other
than, per se, adding a substance to the gaseous phase.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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11 | Steam environment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Process wherein the gaseous phase is essentially water at a temperature above its boiling point at the prevailing pressure. | |
12 | Aqueous acid environment (i.e., pH less than or equal to 4.1): | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Process for preventing damage to metal caused by an environment
which contains water and a protonic acid as strong as H2S
or stronger (i.e., pH less than or equal to 4.1).
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13 | Aqueous alkali environment (i.e., pH greater than or equal to 8.4): | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Process for preventing damage to metal caused by an environment
which contains water and an alkali as strong as -HCO3 in
aqueous solution or stronger (i.e., pH greater than or equal to
8.4).
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14 | Essentially pure water environment: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Process for preventing damage to metal by an environment
which is essentially liquid water.
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15 | Using organic compound having phosphorus: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Process wherein an organic compound containing phosphorus
is employed to reduce damage to metal by essentially pure water.
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16 | Using organic nitrogen compound other than ammonium salt: | ||
Process under subclass wherein an organic nitrogen compound
is employed.
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17 | Using organic carboxylic acid or salt thereof: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Process wherein an organic carboxylic acid or salt thereof is employed. | |
18 | Using inorganic silicon or phosphorus compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Process wherein an inorganic silicon or phosphorus compound is employed. | |
19 | Using heavy metal or compound thereof: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Process wherein a metal of specific gravity of 4 or greater or a compound thereof is employed. | |
20 | Using sonic or ultrasonic energy: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process including the step of treating the article or material
with vibratory energy of the frequency of 10 cps or greater.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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21 | Using microwave energy: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process including the step of treating the article or material
with electromagnetic waves in the range of 3 X 109 Hz
to 3 X 1011Hz; i.e., the so-called "microwave" range.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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22 | Using direct contact with electrical or electromagnetic radiation: | ||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process including the step of treating the article or material
with electrical energy or electromagnetic radiation.
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23 | In atmosphere other than air: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Process wherein the treatment takes place in a specified atmosphere other than air. | |
24 | Ultraviolet: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Process wherein the electromagnetic radiation has a frequency
in the range of 7 X 1014Hz to 3 X 1016Hz;
i.e., the so-called ultraviolet range".
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25 | Including additional step of preventing damage to sealed container: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein the article is a sealed container and wherein the process includes a step or condition intended to prevent physical damage to the container. | |
26 | Using direct contact steam to disinfect or sterilize: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein water vapor at a temperature above the boiling point of liquid water at the pressure employed is used to directly contact and destroy noxious organisms. | |
27 | And additional disinfecting or sterilizing agent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 26. Process wherein an additional agent is used to disinfect or sterilize in admixture with steam. | |
28 | Using disinfecting or sterilizing substance: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein an article or material is treated with a
substance to disinfect or sterilize by more than the mere effect
of heat.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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29 | In situ generation of agent other than aldehyde or glycol: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Process wherein the agent is prepared at the site of the
process for immediate use and is other than an aldehyde or glycol.
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30 | And removing the agent by chemical reaction or sorption: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Process wherein the disinfecting or sterilizing substance is removed or destroyed after treatment by use of a chemical reaction, absorption, or adsorption. | |
31 | And recovering or reusing the agent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Process wherein the substance is recovered for reuse or is recycled to another step of disinfecting or sterilizing. | |
32 | Treating bulk material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Process wherein the material being treated is particulate matter handled in bulk of mass, e.g., sand as opposed to articles handled individually. | |
33 | With positive pressure or vacuum: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Process including a step of placing the material or article under pressure either below or above the ambient pressure. | |
34 | Using alkylene oxide: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Process wherein the disinfecting or sterilizing substance
is an alkylene oxide; i.e., containing the group R- CH- CH2 wherein
R is a hydrocarbon or hydrogen.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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35 | Using cyanide: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Process wherein the disinfecting or sterilizing substance
is a cyanide, i.e., contains the group -C N.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
36 | Using aldehyde: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Process wherein the disinfecting or sterilizing substance
contains an aldehyde group; i.e., -CH.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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37 | Using halogen or halogen-containing compound: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Process wherein the disinfecting or sterilizing substance
contains a halogen or a halogen-containing compound.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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38 | Using fluent heat transfer medium other than air: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein the article or material is treated by heating
the same with a fluent heat transfer medium other than air.
| |||
39 | By sudden release of pressure: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein the article or material is subjected to
a high pressure which is suddenly released.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
40 | Process of storage or protection: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process directed to residual processes of storage or protection
of articles or materials provided for under the definition 1.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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41 | Of liquid: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Process wherein the substance stored or protected is a liquid
under the conditions employed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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42 | By preventing evaporation: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Process wherein the liquid is protected against loss by
evaporation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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43 | Of water: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Process wherein water is the liquid protected against evaporation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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44 | BLOOD TREATING DEVICE FOR TRANSFUSIBLE BLOOD: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus for treating blood externally of a blooded animal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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45 | Oxygenator: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Apparatus having means for extracorporeal oxygenation of
blood.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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46 | Including integral heat-exchange means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Apparatus having means integrally connected with the oxygenator for heating or cooling. | |
47 | Bubble or foam producing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Apparatus having means for producing a blood-oxygen mixture in the form of a foam or entrained bubbles. | |
48 | Membrane: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Apparatus wherein a membrane (e.g., semipermeable microporous,
etc.) separates the blood from the oxygenating medium.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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49 | INCLUDING MEANS FACILITATING PART REPLACEMENT OR REPAIR OTHER THAN SOLID, EXTENDED SURFACE, FLUID CONTACT MEANS: | ||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having structure disclosed as making it easier
to repair or replace parts of the apparatus which deteriorated or
is inoperative.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
50 | ANALYZER, STRUCTURED INDICATOR, OR MANIPULATIVE LABORATORY DEVICE: | ||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus for quantitative or qualitative chemical analysis
and laboratory devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||||||||||
51 | Calorimeter: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus wherein the analyzer is a calorimeter; i.e., an
analyzer using the measurement of thermodynamic parameters of the
material being analyzed as the basis of the analysis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
52 | Chemiluminescent: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus comprising means using the measurement of light
generated and emitted during a chemical reaction of the material
being analyzed as the basis of the analysis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
53 | Corrosion tester: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus for measuring (a) the corrosivity of chemical
agents or environments, (b) the corrosion resistance of materials,
or (c) the effectiveness of corrosion-inhibiting agents.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
54 | Flame ionization detector: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus comprising an analyzer using the measurement of a change in the conductivity of a standard, usually hydrogen, flame due to the inclusion of another gas or vapor therein to detect the presence or amount of that gas or vapor in a sample. | |
55 | Structured visual or optical indicator, per se: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus comprising (a) a structured indicator; i.e., an
indicator which is more than a composition, per se, and has structure,
or (b) liquid crystals, per se, which give a visual or optical indication
of the presence or amount of material to be tested in the sample.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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56 | Having reagent in absorbent or bibulous substrate: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Apparatus wherein indicating reagent is contained in absorbent or bibulous carrier or substrate; e.g., a dip-stick, test paper, wick, etc. | |
57 | Having coated reagent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Apparatus wherein the reagent is coated on the surface of a carrier or substrate. | |
58 | In holder or container having special form: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Apparatus wherein the indicator is contained in a holder or container having a special form or design; e.g., test plates, dish, tray, slide, etc. | |
59 | Column: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Apparatus in the form of a column-like structure. | |
60 | Having plural-layered material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Apparatus having material consisting of multiple distinct layers. | |
61 | Test package or kit: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus comprising (a) a package containing reagents and
all necessary ingredients to perform a test or (b) self-contained
test kits for field testing, usually having dosage amounts of each
material needed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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62 | Automatic analytical monitor and control of industrial process: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus having means for automatically analytically monitoring
and controlling a chemical or physical industrial process; e.g.,
measuring the carbon monoxide concentration in a flue gas and automatically
changing the fuel/air ratio based on the measurement, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
63 | Sample mechanical transport means in or for automated analytical system: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus having self-operated analytical systems or components thereof wherein the sample to be analyzed is moved to treating stations by mechanical means. | |
64 | Means is turntable (circular): | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Apparatus wherein the mechanical means includes a circular
turntable for moving the sample from station to station.
| |||
65 | Means is conveyor and rack: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Apparatus wherein the mechanical means includes a conveyor and sample supporting rack. | |
66 | Means is moving tape or band: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Apparatus wherein the mechanical means includes a moving band or tape having sample supports integral therewith. | |
67 | With specific analytical program control means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Apparatus having means for providing specific analytical program control, including; i.e., command instructions, data correlation, sample location, coding of sample holder, etc. | |
68.1 | Means for analyzing liquid or solid sample: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus wherein the material to be analyzed is initially
in the solid or liquid state, including the analysis of a gas contained
in a liquid or solid sample.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
69 | Sorption testing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 68.1. Apparatus including means providing for the absorption or adsorption of the material being tested, usually on a solid material. | |
70 | Liquid chromatography: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Apparatus specifically designed or adapted for liquid chromas:graphic
analysis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
71 | With radioactive material: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Apparatus wherein the material being tested includes a radioactive
tracer, including; e.g., apparatus for T-3 and T-4 tests.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
72 | Including centrifuge: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 68.1. Apparatus having centrifugal apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
73 | With coagulometer for agglutination, clotting, or for particle (e.g., cell, etc.) counting, or volume or characteristics determination: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 68.1. Apparatus for analyzing material by measuring such coagulation phenomena as agglomeration, agglutination, precipitation, clotting, prothrombin, etc., or for particle (e.g., cell, etc.) counting, or volume or characteristics determination. | |
74 | Dairy tester: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 68.1. Apparatus for analysis of dairy products. | |
75 | Including titrator: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 68.1. Apparatus which utilizes titration as a means of chemical analysis. | |
76 | Conductiometric type: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Apparatus having a conductiometric detector which measures ion concentration; e.g., pH, etc., by incremental volumetric additions of a titrant. | |
77 | With integrating or differentiating means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Apparatus having differentiating or integrating means, usually to extrapolate mathematically to the desired titration end point. | |
78 | Including means for pyrolysis, combustion, or oxidation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 68.1. Apparatus having means for heating the substance to be analyzed either in the presence or absence of oxygen to cause a chemical reaction; e.g., oxidation, etc., or thermal decomposition of the material. | |
79 | Biological, chemical, or total oxygen demand (i.e., BOD, COD, TOD): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Apparatus for the analysis of water to determine its oxygen demand. | |
80 | And means directly analyzing evolved gas: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Apparatus having means for analyzing the gas which is produced as a result of the combustion or pyrolysis. | |
81 | Automated system with sample fluid pressure transport means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 68.1. Apparatus having self-operated analytical systems wherein the sample is moved to treating stations principally by fluid pressure. | |
82 | And means segmenting fluid material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Apparatus having means for dividing the fluid into segments with bubbles or slugs of separating fluid. | |
82.01 | Measuring electrical property: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 68.1. Apparatus having means for measuring an electrical property such as detecting the presence of electrical charge carrying substances (e.g., ions, electrolytes, etc.) in the material to be analyzed or detecting the effect of the material to be analyzed on an electrical circuit (e.g., change in voltage, current, electromotive force, potential, impedance, resistance, or conductivity). | |
82.02 | Resistance or conductivity: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.01. Apparatus having means for measuring the resistance or conductivity of the material to be analyzed or having means for detecting an alteration or a change of resistance or conductivity due to the presence of an element (e.g., an ion) in the material to be analyzed. | |
82.03 | Ion selective electrode: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.01. Apparatus having an ion selective or ion sensitive electrode
to measure the presence of a particular substance in the material
to be analyzed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
82.04 | Dissolved gas: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.03. Apparatus wherein the ion selective electrode is specific for a dissolved gas; e.g., a pH sensitive electrode or an electrode specific for dissolved carbon dioxide. | |
82.05 | Measuring optical property by using ultraviolet, infrared, or visible light: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 68.1. Apparatus having means for detecting an optical property
of the material to be analyzed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
82.06 | Optode or optrode: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.05. Apparatus wherein the means for detecting an optical property
is an optode or optrode; i.e., an optical detection apparatus that
includes an optical indicator which is set apart from the material
to be analyzed by a semipermeable membrane.
| |||
82.07 | Fluorescence: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.06. Apparatus wherein the optode or optrode is such that it produces a fluorescent optical response which is detected by a fluorescence detector. | |
82.08 | Fluorescence: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.05. Apparatus having means for measuring fluorescence or luminescence in the material to be analyzed; e.g., a fluorimeter or an oscilloscope. | |
82.09 | Absorbance or transmittance: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.05. Apparatus having means for measuring the absorbance or transmittance of the material to be analyzed; e.g., a spectrophotometer, a colorimeter, or a spectro-optical digitizer. | |
82.11 | Waveguides: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.05. Apparatus having a waveguide which is in contact with the
material to be analyzed and through which light is passed, which
light interacts with the material to be analyzed modifying the light
which is detected after it leaves the waveguide.
| |||
82.12 | Measuring temperature: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 68.1. Apparatus having means for measuring the temperature of the material to be analyzed; e.g., a thermocouple. | |
82.13 | Measuring pressure: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 68.1. Apparatus having means for measuring the pressure in the material to be analyzed; e.g., a manometer. | |
83 | Means for analyzing gas sample: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus wherein the material to be analyzed is initially
in the gaseous state.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
84 | Breath tester: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Apparatus having means for testing breath. | |
85 | Based on color change: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Apparatus wherein the analytical measurement is based on a color change. | |
86 | Including means reacting gas with color indicator: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Apparatus having means for reacting the gas with a color indicator. | |
87 | Strip indicator: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Apparatus in the form of a strip. | |
88 | Including means for adsorbing or absorbing gas into or onto liquid or solid media: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Apparatus having means for absorbing or adsorbing the gas sample or that portion to be tested into or onto liquid or solid media. | |
89 | Gas chromatography: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Apparatus wherein the analytical device is a gas chromatos:graphic
system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
90 | With conductiometric detector: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Apparatus having a conductiometric detector for analyzing the gas sample. | |
91 | With photometric detector: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Apparatus having a photoelectric detector for analyzing the sorbed gas sample. | |
92 | With volumetric detector: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Apparatus having means for making volumetric measurements following the sorption of the gas. | |
93 | Including means dividing sample stream into plural parallel segments having diverse treating means and the analytical result compared or combined: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Apparatus having means for dividing a gas stream into multiple, parallel segments having diverse treating means therefor and means uniting or comparing the analytical results obtained therefrom. | |
94 | Combustible gas detector: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Apparatus for determining the presence or concentration of flammable material in a gas sample, including means for combusting the gas sample and means to detect the presence of, or extent of, the combustion. | |
95 | With thermoelectric detector: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Apparatus including a temperature detecting means of the thermistor type, etc. | |
96 | Wheatstone bridge: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Apparatus having a resistance bridge circuit as a part thereof. | |
97 | With specific coating on bridge element: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Apparatus having a named material coating, usually a catalyst, on a bridge element. | |
98 | Analysis based on electrical measurement: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Apparatus wherein the sample is analyzed by measuring an electrical property thereof. | |
99 | Miscellaneous laboratory apparatus and elements, per se: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus specifically designed for use in a laboratory. | |
100 | Pipette or other volumetric fluid transfer means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Apparatus having means for volumetrically transferring a fluid. | |
101 | Including means for separating a constituent; e.g., filter, condenser, extractor, etc.: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Apparatus having means for separating a constituent by filtration, condensation, extraction, etc. | |
102 | Container: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Apparatus having means for holding material. | |
103 | Valve or connector structure: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Apparatus having valve or connector structure or this structure, per se. | |
104 | Holder, support, housing, or hood: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Apparatus for supporting, maintaining in a desired relationship
with other structure, or surrounding other laboratory structures.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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105 | CONTROL ELEMENT RESPONSIVE TO A SENSED OPERATING CONDITION: | ||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having means for automatically modifying an operation
of the system in response to a means sensing an operating condition
or change of the same; e.g., automatic shutdown of the reactor responsive
to excessive temperature, pressure, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
106 | Responsive to liquid level: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Apparatus having a control element responsive to a sensed liquid level. | |
107 | Control element directly mechanically linked to separate sensor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Apparatus wherein the control element is mechanically linked directly to a separate sensor. | |
108 | Control element responds proportionally to variable signal from a sensor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Apparatus wherein the control element responds proportionally to a variable signal from a sensor. | |
109 | Controls heat transfer: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Apparatus wherein the control element regulates the degree of heat transfer in the system. | |
110 | Controls flow rate of a material to or from a contact zone: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Apparatus wherein the control element regulates the flow rate of material into or out of a contact zone. | |
111 | Material is an input to contact zone: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Apparatus wherein the control element regulates the flow rate of material into the contact zone. | |
112 | Control element is fluid pressure sensitive: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Apparatus wherein the control element is responsive to fluid pressure. | |
113 | Pressure-relief valve (e.g., pop-off valve) or check valve: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Apparatus wherein the fluid pressure sensitive control element is a pressure-relief valve; i.e., pop-off valve, or check valve. | |
114 | Control element is a binary responsive valve: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Apparatus wherein the control element is a binary responsive valve; i.e., a valve having but two operation positions; e.g., open and closed, etc. | |
115 | Valve diverts flow from a contact zone: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Apparatus wherein the operation control is that of bypassing the reaction zone. | |
116 | Sensed condition is operating time and control is operation sequencer: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Apparatus wherein the sensed operating condition is the passage of operating time and the control element is an operation sequencer. | |
117 | WITH SAFETY FEATURE: | ||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having special means for protecting the operator
or the environmental area surrounding the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
118 | Preventing opening of closure of pressurized apparatus at unsafe pressure: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Apparatus wherein the safety feature prevents the opening of a movable or removable closure of the apparatus when the apparatus is at such pressure that the opening of the closure is an unsafe act. | |
119 | WITH INDICATING, SIGNALLING, RECORDING, SAMPLING, OR INSPECTION MEANS: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having an indicator, signal, recorder, or inspection means. | |
120 | FOR DEODORIZING OF, OR CHEMICAL PURIFICATION OF, OR GENERATION OF, LIFE-SUSTAINING ENVIRONMENTAL GAS: | ||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus for (a) taking the odor out or masking the odor
of, or (b) chemical purification of a life-sustaining environmental
gas (for breathing) or the chemical generation of the same.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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121 | With means exposing gas to electromagnetic wave energy or corpuscular radiation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Apparatus having means for exposing the gas to electromagnetic wave energy (other than ordinary visible light) or corpuscular radiation; e.g., radioactive particles, etc. | |
122 | Including solid, extended surface, fluid contact reaction means (e.g., Raschig rings, particulate or monolithic catalyst, etc.): | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Apparatus having an extended surface contact reaction means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
123 | Including means adding material into environmental gas: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Apparatus having means for dispensing or injecting material into the gas. | |
124 | And mechanical means creating forced draft at addition site: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Apparatus having a mechanical means forcing an air current at the site wherein the material is introduced into the apparatus. | |
125 | With material-heating means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Apparatus having means to increase the temperature of the material. | |
126 | Material is combusted: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Apparatus wherein the material is burned. | |
127 | SHOCK OR SOUND WAVE: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having means for creating sonic energy which is used to initiate or perfect a process. Included herein is apparatus for destroying organisms by the sudden release of high pressure. | |
128 | Including supersonic or ultrasonic energy generation means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Apparatus wherein the energy produced travels faster than the speed of sound or it is ultrasonic; i.e., sound waves having frequencies on the order of or greater than 20,000 cps. | |
129 | CHEMICAL REACTOR: | ||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus for the formation of a product by chemical reaction
not otherwise provided for.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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129.1 | Soap making: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus specifically designed for effecting a saponification reaction, i.e., conversion of a higher fatty ester or a natural resin ester into an alcohol and a salt by reacting an alkali with the ester. | |
130 | Bench scale: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus which is smaller than a pilot reactor and larger than a laboratory apparatus. | |
131 | Organic polymerization: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus for the chemical production of organic polymers. | |
132 | Closed loop: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Apparatus wherein the reactor is of the closed-loop type; i.e., one wherein substantially all of the reaction mass is continuously recycled during operation. | |
133 | Generating foamed plastic: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Apparatus wherein reactor is designed for the production
of a foamed plastic or polymer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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134 | Including plural sequential reaction stages: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Apparatus having multiple, serially disposed reaction stages and means for subjecting the reaction mass successively to each of the stages. | |
135 | Including reactant agitating means in reaction chamber: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Apparatus having means located within the reaction chamber
for mixing the reaction mass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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136 | And means rotatably mounting reaction chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Apparatus having means to rotate the reaction chamber. | |
137 | Horizontal reaction chamber with screw or worm agitator: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Apparatus having a horizontally disposed reaction chamber and a mixing means in the form of a screw or worm. | |
138 | With heat exchanger for reaction chamber or reactants located therein: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Apparatus having means for modifying the ambient temperature disposed within or surrounding the reaction chamber and in heat-transfer contact therewith. | |
139 | Fluidized bed: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus wherein a bed of fluidizable solid particulate
material, which may be a reactant, catalyst, or inert material,
is disposed in a reaction chamber for the purpose of carrying out
a chemical reaction in the formation of a product and including
means for introducing a fluidizing medium into the bed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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140 | With liquid present: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus having a liquid present in the apparatus as either part of the reaction medium or part of the fluidizing medium. | |
141 | Plural reaction beds: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus comprising multiple reaction beds. | |
142 | Sequentially arranged: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Apparatus wherein the beds are serially disposed and having means for sequentially subjecting the reaction stream to multiple beds. | |
143 | Including specific wind box or particulate matter support grid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus wherein the fluidizing medium introducing means includes a particulate matter support grid or a fluidizing inlet manifold chamber; i.e., wind box located within the reaction chamber, either structure being more than nominally recited. | |
144 | Including means to strip reaction mass from, or to regenerate, the particulate matter (including fluidized bed regenerators, per se): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus having means to remove the reaction mass from or renew the particulate material. | |
145 | And means providing flow of particulate matter into or out of reaction chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus having means for flowing the particulate matter to or from the reaction chamber. | |
146 | With heat exchange means affecting reaction chamber or reactants located therein: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus having means for modifying the ambient temperature disposed within or surrounding the reaction chamber and in heat-transfer contact therewith. | |
147 | And means mechanically separating and removing particulate bed material from fluid effluent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus having means for mechanically separating and removing the solid particulate material from the reaction product or fluidizing stream; e.g., fluidized bed in combination with upstream filter, cyclone, etc. | |
148 | Ammonia synthesizer: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus specifically adapted for the chemical synthesis
of ammonia; e.g., a high pressure, catalytic ammonia synthesis reactor,
etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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149 | With means simultaneously carrying out conjugated reactions within single reactor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus having means for simultaneously carrying out conjugated; i.e., sequential reactions within a single reactor; e.g., first reaction stage produces an intermediate product which is fed to a second reaction stage within the reactor wherein the intermediate product is converted into the final product, etc. | |
150 | Pigment or carbon black producer: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus wherein the reactor is specifically adapted for
the chemical generation of pigmentary product; e.g., TiO2 etc.,
or carbon black.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
151 | With means injecting quench stream into reaction chamber downstream of reaction site: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Apparatus having means for injecting a stream of quench fluid into the reaction chamber at a location downstream of the reaction site. | |
152 | With particulate product collecting surface and means mechanically removing product therefrom: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Apparatus having a collecting surface for collecting the particulate material product of the reaction and means associated with the collecting surface for mechanically removing the product therefrom. | |
153 | Moving collecting surface: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Apparatus wherein the collecting surface is mounted for movement during use. | |
154 | Rotary collecting surface: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Apparatus wherein the collecting surface is rotatably mounted. | |
155 | Disk or plate: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Apparatus wherein the collecting surface is a rotatably mounted disk or plate. | |
156 | With plural sequential reaction zones or chambers: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Apparatus having multiple, sequentially arranged reaction zones or chambers. | |
157 | With movably or removably mounted plug means for converting reactor from (N) to (N+1) reaction stages: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Apparatus wherein the plural stages are located in (a) a single reaction chamber or (b) in plural reaction chambers and includes a movably or removably mounted plug means in a reaction chamber for selectively converting the same from (N) to (N+1) reaction zones therein. | |
158 | Vapor phase reaction type: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Apparatus wherein the product is produced by a vapor phase reaction. | |
159 | For radioactive reactant or product: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus for a radioactive reactant or producing a radioactive product. | |
160 | Inorganic sulfur acid or anhydride producing type: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus for producing an inorganic sulfur acid or anhydride thereof. | |
161 | Acid is final product: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Apparatus wherein an acid is produced. | |
162 | Inorganic hydrator: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus wherein water is a chemical reactant. | |
163 | Explosives synthesizer: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus for producing a product which is an explosive. | |
164 | Solid reactant type (i.e., absence of fluid reactants): | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus specifically designed for nonfluid reactants wherein
all of the reactants are in a nonfluid state (i.e., solid); e.g.,
generation of oxygen from chlorate candles, etc.
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165 | Including ignition means for reactant: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Apparatus having means for kindling the reactant.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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166 | Electrically actuated: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Apparatus wherein the ignition means is electrically actuated. | |
167 | Including reactor cooling means surrounding reactor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Apparatus having means for cooling the external surface of the reactor. | |
168 | Waste gas purifier: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus for the modification of a waste gas, prior to
its discharge into the atmosphere, by chemical reaction to reduce
the pollutant content thereof.
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169 | Including means providing sequential purification stages: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Apparatus having means for subjecting the waste gas to multiple, succeeding purification stages, at least one being of the chemical reaction type. | |
170 | Plural chemical reaction stages: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus having multiple chemical reaction stages. | |
171 | Solid, extended surface, fluid contact type: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus wherein the reaction stages contain solid extended surface fluid contact reaction means (i.e., means providing a relatively large solid fluid contact surface area within the reaction zone). | |
172 | And means downstream of a stage for injecting a reactant into waste gas for interreaction in subsequent stage: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus having means located downstream of a reaction stage for injecting a reactant into the waste gas stream for reaction therewith in a subsequent reaction stage (e.g., a catalyst bed for reducing NOx in the waste gas followed by a catalyst bed for oxidizing CO in the waste gas, with means for injecting oxygen into the waste gas, as it passes between the two catalyst beds). | |
173 | With heat exchanger for reaction chamber or reactants located therein: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Apparatus having means for heating or cooling the reaction
chamber or for heating or cooling the reactants located within the
reaction chamber.
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174 | Electrical type: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 173. Apparatus wherein the heat exchange means includes an electrical heater. | |
175 | Regenerative heat sink: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 173. Apparatus wherein the heat-exchange means includes a regenerative heat-sink means; e.g., a low heat capacity mass which absorbs heat from the hot waste gas and gives up the heat, upon reversal of flow, to colder waste gas to preheat the same upstream of the reaction site, etc. | |
176 | Including waste gas flow distributor upstream of reaction site and within reaction chamber modifying velocity profile of gas: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Apparatus having waste gas flow distribution means upstream
of the purification reaction site and located within the reaction
chamber for the purpose of equalizing or otherwise modifying the
velocity profile of the waste gas at the upstream end of the reaction
site.
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177 | Including solid, extended surface, fluid contact reaction means; e.g., inert Raschig rings, particulate absorbent, particulate or monolithic catalyst, etc.: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Apparatus including solid extended surface, fluid contact reaction means; i.e., means providing a relatively large solid contact surface area within the reaction zone wherein the large surface area presents multiple reaction sites for contact by the reaction mixture and, thereby, enhance the rate and/or the completeness of the purification reaction, including; e.g., inert Raschig rings, particulate absorbent, etc. | |
178 | And contact regenerating means or means for cleaning an internal surface of the reaction chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Apparatus having either (a) means for renewing the spent extended surface contact means or (b) means for cleaning an internal surface of the reaction chamber. | |
179 | Fixed bed with resilient or differential thermal expansion compensating bed support means: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Apparatus wherein the solid extended surface, fluid contact
means is in the form of a relatively fixed bed of contact material
and including means for supporting the contact bed within the reaction
chamber, said support means either itself being resilient or being resiliently
mounted to provide for the absorption of mechanical shock or to
maintain the contact material within the bed or being specifically
designed to compensate for differences in thermal expansion of components
in the reaction chamber.
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180 | Unitary (i.e., nonparticulate) contact bed (e.g., monolithic catalyst bed, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Apparatus wherein the extended surface contact means is in the form of a unitary (i.e., nonparticulate) contact bed; e.g., a monolithic honeycomb coated with a catalyst, catalyst-coated metallic screen, etc. | |
181 | Fixed annularly shaped bed of contact material and means directing gas therethrough substantially perpendicular to longitudinal axis of bed: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Apparatus wherein the extended surface contact means is in the form of a relatively fixed, annularly shaped bed of contact material and including means for directing the flow of waste gas through the contact bed in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the contact bed. | |
182 | Including means injecting combustion fuel into reaction chamber in direct contact with waste gas: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Apparatus having means for injecting combustion fuel into the reaction chamber for direct contact of the fuel itself, or products of combustion thereof, with the waste gas. | |
183 | And means mixing combustion fuel with waste gas upstream of reaction site: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Apparatus wherein the fuel-injecting means includes means for injecting the fuel into the waste gas stream and for mixing the fuel therewith at a location upstream of the reaction site. | |
184.1 | For chemically destroying or disintegrating solid waste, other than burning alone: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus for destroying or breaking up solid waste utilizing
a chemical reaction, other than burning alone.
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185 | For chemical recovery of chemicals from waste paper making liquor: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus for chemically recovering chemicals for waste
kraft or black liquors, e.g., waste liquor from a paper-making process.
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186 | With means applying electromagnetic wave energy or corpuscular radiation to reactants for initiating or perfecting chemical reaction: | ||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus having means for applying electromagnetic wave
energy (other than visible light) or corpuscular radiation; e.g.,
radioactive particles, etc., to the reactants for initiating or
perfecting the reaction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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186.01 | Magnetic: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Subject matter including means establishing a magnetic field
in which the chemical reaction takes place.
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186.02 | Object protection: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.01. Subject matter specialized for the protection of objects
by the application of an electromagnetic field.
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186.03 | With electrical discharge: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.01. Subject matter including in addition to the electromagnetic
field means to give an electric discharge.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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186.04 | Electrostatic field or electrical discharge: | ||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Subject matter wherein an electrostatic field or electric
discharge is included in the reaction zone.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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186.05 | Treating surface of solid substrate: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.04. Subject matter wherein the material being treated is a nonfluent
solid and the treatment involves only the surface of the solid.
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186.06 | Surface is metal: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.05. Subject matter wherein the solid is a metal.
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186.07 | Ozonizers: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.04. Subject matter specialized for the production of ozone.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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186.08 | With preparatory or product-treating means: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.07. Subject matter including means for the preparatory treatment
of the material fed to the ozonizer, or means to treat the product
thereof.
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186.09 | With drying means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.08. Subject matter in which the treatment means includes means to remove water or water vapor. | |
186.1 | With filtering or particle removal means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.08. Subject matter wherein the treatment means includes means to remove suspended solid or liquid particles. | |
186.11 | With cooling, compression, condensation, or liquefying means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.08. Subject matter wherein the treatment means effects a cooling, compression, condensation, or liquefying of the gas being treated or the treated gas. | |
186.12 | With subsequent use means: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.07. Subject matter including means for the application of the
ozone to the object or material to be sterilized or otherwise treated.
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186.13 | With electrode moving means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.07. Subject matter including means to move one or more of the electrodes. | |
186.14 | With fluent reactant flow control means: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.07. Subject matter including means to control the direction
or amount of a fluent reactant (e.g., oxygen, containing gas or
liquid) flowing to or through the reaction zone.
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186.15 | With current control or special electrical supply means: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.07. Subject matter including means to control the supply of
electrical current to the treatment zone or which includes special
electrical current supply means.
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186.16 | With pulse generating means: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.15. Subject matter wherein the voltage, current, frequency,
or polarity of the power supply is changed regularly and deliberately overtime.
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186.18 | Cylindrical electrode: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.07. Subject matter in which one or more of the electrodes of the ozonizer is cylindrical. | |
186.19 | With heating or cooling means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.18. Subject matter in which the ozonizer is provided with a heating or cooling means. | |
186.2 | With heating or cooling means: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.07. Subject matter including means to cool or heat the ozonizer.
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186.21 | Arc or spark discharge means: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.04. Subject matter specialized for the formation of the spark
or arc type of electrical discharge.
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186.22 | With electrode or reaction space heating or cooling means: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.21. Subject matter including means to heat or cool the arc chamber
or a portion thereof or one or more of the electrodes.
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186.23 | With preparatory or product-treating means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.21. Subject matter including in addition to be arc or spark discharge means, a preparatory treatment means for the materials added to the arc or spark discharge chamber or means for treatment of the products from such chamber. | |
186.24 | With nitrogen fixation means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.23. Subject matter including means for separating nitrogen as nitrogen compounds from the other components of air. | |
186.25 | With cooling or pressurizing means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.23. Subject matter including means for cooling or increasing the atmospheric pressure in the arc or spark chamber. | |
186.26 | With electrode moving means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.21. Subject matter including means to move one or more of the electrodes. | |
186.27 | With current control means: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.26. Subject matter including means to control the electrical
current.
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186.28 | With current control means: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.21. Subject matter including means to control the electrical
current.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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186.29 | With RF input means: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.04. Subject matter wherein the chemical reaction occurs under
the influence of a radiant (e.g., microwave) electromagnetic field
or "high frequency" AC current having a frequency
greater that 60 KH.
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186.30 | With ultraviolet radiation generating means: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Subject matter utilizing wave energy in the ultraviolet
range.
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187 | Combined: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus combined with the subject matter of other class(es) not specifically provided for in this class. | |
188 | Including plural reaction stages: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus comprising multiple reaction means.
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189 | And means providing discrete sequential reaction stages, e.g., train, etc.: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Apparatus having means for subjecting the reaction stream to multiple separate successive reaction stages. | |
190 | Plural solid, extended surface, fluid contact reaction stages each containing; e.g., inert Raschig rings, particulate sorbent, particulate or monolithic catalyst, etc.: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Apparatus including solid extended surface fluid contact
reaction means, i.e., means providing a relatively large solid contact
surface area within the reaction zone wherein large surface area
within the reaction zone wherein large surface area presents multiple
reaction sites for contact by the reaction mixture and, thereby,
enhance the rate and/or the completeness of the reaction,
including; e.g., inert Raschig rings, particulate absorbent, etc.
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191 | Superimposed reaction stages in single reaction chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 190. Apparatus wherein the reaction stages are located one over the other and within a single reaction chamber. | |
192 | At least one reaction stage formed of fixed, annularly shaped bed of contact material and means directing reaction stream therethrough substantially perpendicular to longitudinal axis of bed: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 190. Apparatus wherein at least one of the extended surface contact
means is in the form of a relatively fixed, annularly shaped bed
of contact material and including means for directing the flow of
reactants through the contact bed in a direction substantially perpendicular
to the longitudinal axis of the contact bed.
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193 | Reaction stages located within single reaction chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Apparatus wherein the reaction stages are located in a single confining means. | |
194 | And means downstream of a stage for internally injecting a reactant into a reaction stream for interreaction in a subsequent stage, or injecting an internal quench stream into reaction stream passing between stages: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 193. Apparatus having means after a reaction stage for injecting
either (a) a reactant into the reaction stream within the reaction
chamber for reaction therewith in a subsequent reaction stage or
(b) a quench stream into the reaction stream within the reaction
chamber as the reaction passes between stages.
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195 | Means within reaction chamber redistributing reaction stream as it passes between adjacent stages: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 193. Apparatus having means within reaction chamber for redistributing the reaction stream; i.e., for equalizing or otherwise modifying the velocity profile of the reaction stream, as it passes between adjacent reaction stages. | |
196 | Including plural parallel reaction stages with each stage in form of a reaction tube: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Apparatus wherein the reaction stages are formed by parallel
(i.e., nonsequential) reaction tubes; i.e., reaction zones with
relatively high length-to-diameter ratios.
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197 | Tubular stages in single reaction chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 196. Apparatus wherein the tubes are located within a single reaction confining area; e.g., a tube and shell reactor with the reactant flowing through the tubes. | |
198 | Including heat exchanger for reaction chamber or reactants located therein: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus having means for heating or cooling the reaction
chamber or the reaction mass located within the chamber.
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199 | Electrical type: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Apparatus having an electrical heating means. | |
200 | Indirect heat-exchange tube within reaction chamber with a nonreactant heat-exchange fluid passing therethrough: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Apparatus comprising an indirect heat-exchange means located within the reaction chamber and being in the form of a tube having nonreactant heat-exchange fluid pass therethrough, (e.g., a steam coil in the reaction chamber mass, etc.). | |
201 | Tube and shell type: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus in the form of a shell having inlet and outlet manifolds with plural tubes connected therebetween. | |
202 | Heat-exchange jacket surrounding reaction chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Apparatus wherein the heat exchanger is in the form of a heat-exchange jacket surrounding at least a portion of the exterior of the reaction chamber. | |
203 | Including fluid-transfer means connecting chamber to heat-exchange jacket: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Apparatus having fluid-transfer means connecting the reaction chamber and the heat-exchange jacket whereby reactants or products from the reaction chamber are used as a heat-transfer medium. | |
204 | Means associated with jacket providing combustion gas as heat-exchange medium: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Apparatus comprising means associated with the jacket using a combustion gas as the heat-exchange medium within the jacket. | |
205 | Including baffle or stirring means disposed within jacket or chamber, the baffle means within chamber connected directly to wall thereof: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Apparatus comprising baffle or stirring means located within the heat-exchange jacket or the reaction chamber wherein the baffle means located within the chamber are attached directly to the wall of the chamber. | |
206 | Regenerative heat sink: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Apparatus wherein the heat-exchanger includes a regenerative heat-sink means; e.g., a low heat capacity mass which adsorbs heat from hot reaction products and gives up heat to colder reactants to preheat them, etc. | |
207 | Means injecting internal quench stream into reaction stream downstream of reaction stage: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Apparatus wherein the heat exchanger includes means located within the reaction chamber for injecting a quench stream into the reaction stream at a location downstream of the reaction stage. | |
208 | Apparatus operates at positive pressure: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Apparatus wherein the apparatus operates a pressure above
that of the ambient environment.
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209 | Including means rotating reaction chamber during use: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus having means for revolving the reaction chamber
during use.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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210 | And means wiping or scraping interior surface of reaction chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Apparatus having means contacting the inner surface of the reactor for removing material from the surface as a result of the contact. | |
211 | Including solid, extended surface, fluid contact reaction means; e.g., inert Raschig rings, particulate absorbent, particulate or monolithic catalyst, etc.: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus including solid extended surface fluid contact
reaction means, i.e., means providing a relatively large solid contact
surface area within the reaction zone wherein large surface area
presents multiple reaction sites for contact by the reaction mixture
and, thereby, enhance the rate and/or the completeness
of the reaction, including; e.g., inert Raschig rings, particulate
absorbent, etc.
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212 | With means removing and recovering product from extended surface contact material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Apparatus having means for removing and reclaiming product material from the extended surface contact material. | |
213 | Particulate contact material type and means providing flow of particulate material into or out of reaction chamber with reactants or products: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Apparatus wherein the solid extended surface contact means is particulate material and the apparatus has means for flowing the material into or out of the reaction chamber along with reactants or products, respectively. | |
214 | Transfer line type reaction chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus wherein the reaction chamber is in the form of a transfer line reactor; i.e., a relative narrow reaction chamber having a relatively high length-to-diameter ratio and means to flow the particulate contact material out of the reaction chamber with the reaction product stream. | |
215 | And internal mixing means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus having means within the reaction chamber for maintaining the mixture of the material and reaction medium in a mixed or agitated state. | |
216 | Compact bed of particulate, fluid contact material and means providing gravity flow of material within bed: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Apparatus wherein the extended surface, fluid contact material is in the form of a compact bed of particulate material and having means providing flow of the material by gravity inside the bed. | |
217 | And means upstream of extended surface, fluid contact means removing particulate impurities from reactant stream: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Apparatus having means located before the contact means for taking particulate impurities from the reactant feed stream. | |
218 | Fixed annularly shaped bed of contact material and means directing reactant therethrough substantially perpendicular to longitudinal axis of bed: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Apparatus having a fixed annularly shaped bed of contact material and means directing the flow of the reaction stream through the bed substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the contact bed. | |
219 | And means loading contact material into, or unloading contact material from, reactor or means providing internal contact material reservoir: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Apparatus having means for either (a) loading the solid fluid contact material into the reaction chamber, (b) unloading the same from the reaction chamber, or (c) providing a contact material reservoir within the reaction chamber. | |
220 | And reactant flow distributor upstream of contact means and within reaction chamber modifying velocity profile of reactant flow: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Apparatus having reactant flow distributing means located within the reaction chamber and before the contact means for equalizing or otherwise modifying the velocity profile of the reactant stream at upstream contact face of the contact means. | |
221 | Fixed contact bed type with resilient or differential thermal expansion compensating bed support means: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Apparatus wherein the solid extended surface, fluid contact
means is in the form of a relatively fixed bed of contact material
and including means for supporting the contact bed within the reaction
chamber, said support means either itself being resilient or being resiliently
mounted to provide for the absorption of mechanical shock or to
maintain the contact material within the bed or being specifically
designed to compensate for differences in thermal expansion of components
in the reaction chamber.
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222 | Unitary (i.e., nonparticulate) contact bed (e.g., monolithic catalyst bed, etc.): | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Apparatus wherein the extended surface contact means is
in the form of a unitary (i.e., nonparticulate) contact bed (e.g.,
a monolithic honeycomb coated with a catalyst, catalyst coated metallic
screen, etc.)
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223 | With contact material regenerating means, per se, or combined with reactor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Apparatus having means for renewing the contact material, the means being recited either, per se, or in combination with a chemical reactor utilizing the contact material. | |
224 | Including internal mixing or stirring means: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus having means located within the reaction chamber
for mixing or stirring the reaction mass therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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225 | Mechanical type stirring means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Apparatus wherein the mixing and stirring means includes a mechanical-type stirrer. | |
226 | In positive pressure reactor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Apparatus wherein pressure is maintained greater than the ambient pressure. | |
227 | Including a draft tube for internal recirculation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Apparatus including a draft tube (i.e., a longitudinally extending tubular means open at both ends thereof) located within the reaction chamber and providing, in combination with the stirring means, fluid recirculation within the reaction chamber via fluid movement through the tube. | |
228 | Including flow directing baffle attached directly to reaction chamber wall: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Apparatus wherein the stirring means includes a flow directing baffle directly attached to the reaction chamber wall. | |
229 | Longitudinally extending spiral stirring means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Apparatus wherein the stirring means is in the shape of a spiral extending in a direction parallel to the major axis of the reaction chamber. | |
230 | Thermosyphon or differential density mixing means; e.g., means internally recycling reaction mass via differential density pumping, etc.: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Apparatus having thermosyphon or differential density type mixing means; e.g., means internally recycling the reaction mass via differential density pumping through a draft tube, etc. | |
231 | Gas sparger type mixing means submerged in liquid reactant: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Apparatus wherein a gas sparger type mixing means is submerged in a liquid reactant. | |
232 | Including solid reactant and means charging solids into, or discharging solids from, reaction chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus wherein the reactants include a solid particulate material and means for charging the solids to, or discharging the same from, the reaction chamber. | |
233 | Having both charge and discharge means along with means conveying solids therebetween located within reaction chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus having means for conveying the solids into, through, and out of the reaction chamber. | |
234 | Including external recycle loop: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus having means located outside of the reaction chamber for recycling at least a portion of the product stream or reaction mass to the reaction chamber. | |
235 | And means heating or cooling loop or reaction mass located therein: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Apparatus having means for changing the temperature of the reaction mass within the external recycle loop. | |
236 | Including means separating reaction chamber into plural reactant-containing compartments and means moving reactant therebetween: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus having means dividing the reaction chamber into plural distinct reactant-containing compartments and means for transporting the reactants, or permitting such transportation of the reactants, between the compartments. | |
237 | Movably mounted container-type separating means and means moving same: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 236. Apparatus wherein the separating means includes a movably mounted container having means for moving the same. | |
238 | Solid reactant containing perforated or porous container-type separating means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 236. Apparatus wherein one reactant is a solid material and the separating means includes a perforated or porous container for containing the reactant. | |
239 | Reaction chamber includes at least one perforated, porous, or semipermeable wall and is adapted for holding solid reactant: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus wherein the reaction chamber comprises at least one perforated or porous wall and is designed for holding a solid reactant. | |
240 | Including specific material of construction: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus wherein specific materials of construction for the reactor or components thereof are recited. | |
241 | Reactor liner: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Apparatus having a liner of a specified material of construction for the reactor chamber. | |
242 | Positive pressure type: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus having means for operating the same above the
ambient pressure.
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243 | PHYSICAL TYPE APPARATUS: | ||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus for carrying out a physical process.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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244 | Including serially disposed vaporizing heating means (sublimer) and solid material deposition means maintained at a temperature lower than said heating means (condenser): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Apparatus having serially arranged vaporizing heating means and solid material depositing means being maintained at a temperature lower than the heating means. | |
245.1 | Crystallizer: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Non-coating apparatus for producing non-metal, non-glass
crystalline material, with no clear intent to provide a shaped article,
and with no intent to grow single-crystal.
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250.1 | Crucible-free zone refiner: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 245.1. Apparatus having a refining zone which is free of contact with a solid shaping surface such as a crucible (wall). | |
251 | Including means separating and conveying crystals to a melting zone: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 245.1. Apparatus having means for separating and transporting crystals to the melting zone. | |
252 | Hydraulic classifier with crystallizer: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 245.1. Apparatus having hydraulic means to maintain a suspension for classification of crystals within the apparatus. | |
253 | Including feed compartment for introducing nutrient: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 245.1. Apparatus having a feed section within crystallizer vessel for introducing a solute (per se, or in solution) during crystallization. | |
254 | Movable crystallizer or scraping means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 245.1. Apparatus having a movable crystallizer or scraping means acting on the wall of the crystallizer. | |
255 | Means separating or dissolving a material constituent: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Apparatus having means to segregate or liquefy at least
one component of the matter being treated.
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256 | Liquid-liquid contact means: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Apparatus comprising liquid-liquid contact means for removing
a constituent from a liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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257 | Including pulsator, adjustable plates, or plural inlets; e.g., spraying, etc.: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Apparatus having pulsating means or adjustable plates or plural orifice inlets for the same liquid. | |
258 | Including rotating chamber or rotating member within chamber; e.g., mixer-settler, etc.: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Apparatus having a rotatable containing means or a rotating
means within the containing means.
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259 | Having rotating member within chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 258. Apparatus wherein the rotating means is located within the containing means. | |
260 | Including heating and cooling means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Apparatus having means for both elevating and lowering the temperature of the material being treated. | |
261 | Liquid-solid contact means: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Apparatus having means for liquid-contacting a solid or
vice versa.
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262 | Sulfur extraction: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus for the liquid extraction of sulfur from a solid material. | |
263 | Including monolithic nonporous body of solute: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus having the solid material in the form of a substantially
nonporous body of solute, thereby restricting the liquid-solid contact
to the outer surface of the body.
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264 | Including means restricting solvent contact to one end of body of solute: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus having means restricting the liquid or solvent contact with a body of solute to substantially one end thereof. | |
265 | Buoyant holder: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus having solute-containing holder constructed to
float on a liquid.
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266 | Manual or mountable holder; e.g., soap holder, etc.: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus having a material holder that includes a handle or similar structure, or it is readily connectable to a structure. | |
267 | Including means to remove solids from a filter: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus having means for removing solids from a filter.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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268 | Conveyor support for solid material during contact; e.g., bucket, etc.: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus having a support means for conveying the material. | |
269 | Including rotating member: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus having rotatable means. | |
270 | Member is container: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Apparatus wherein the rotating means is a receptacle.
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271 | Including internal rotating member: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 270. Apparatus having a rotating means within the container.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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272 | Partitions divide container: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 270. Apparatus where means are provided to separate the container into sections. | |
273 | Member conveys material into and out of container; e.g., screw propeller, etc.: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Apparatus wherein the member transports the solid material through the container. | |
274 | Including perforated member which is nonlinear or inclined with respect to the major axis of container: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus having a perforated member located at an angle other than parallel with the major axis of the container. | |
275 | Including parallel perforated members perpendicular to, or parallel to, major axis of container: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus having multiple parallel apertured members located perpendicular to, or parallel to, the major axis of the container. | |
276 | Side wall of holder perforated: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus wherein the side walls of a receptacle are apertured. | |
277 | Perforations of holder form inlet for solvent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Apparatus where the apertures of the holder form inlet sites of the solvent. | |
278 | Including plural orifice inlet, or deflector adjacent inlet for solvent flow: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus having a solvent inlet either with plural orifices or with a deflector adjacent to the inlet for directing solvent flow. | |
279 | Having inlet submerged within body of a solid solute: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Apparatus wherein the inlet is submerged within the body of the solid solute. | |
280 | Solvent vapor condenser: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus having means to condense the solvent vapor. | |
281 | Means recirculating solvent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus having means for conveying the solvent from and returning at least a part of it to the contact means. | |
282 | Including bypass: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus having a separate and distinct path through which a portion or all of the liquid solvent is passed out of contact with the solid being dissolved. | |
283 | Including dip tube for inlet or outlet of fluid solvent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus having a tube inserted in a container at a point above the normal level of the liquid contained therein and terminating at a point below the normal liquid level. | |
284 | Internal heater; e.g., steam coil, etc.: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus having heating means located within the same. | |
285 | And heating means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Apparatus having means to elevate the temperature of the apparatus or its contents. | |
286 | Including mechanical comminuting or conveying means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Apparatus having mechanical means to subdivide or transport the material. | |
287 | Within treating vessel: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus wherein the mechanical means are located inside of the treating container. | |
288 | Including means removing vapor from treated material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Apparatus having means for taking out gaseous matter from the material being treated. | |
289 | And direct contact heating fluid means within separating or dissolving chamber vessel: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 288. Apparatus having means for directly contacting a heating fluid with the material being treated, the means being located within the chamber in which separation or dissolution occurs. | |
290 | And indirect contact heating fluid means in separating or dissolving chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 288. Apparatus having means for indirectly contacting a heating fluid with the material being treated and being located within the chamber wherein separation or dissolution occurs. | |
291 | Combined: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Apparatus combined with subject matter of other class(es) not specifically provided for in this class. | |
292 | Apparatus for treating solid article or material with fluid chemical: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Apparatus for treating a solid article or material with
a "chemical" in a liquid, gaseous, or vapor state
wherein the article or material is recovered essentially unchanged
from the treatment.
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293 | Fluid having simultaneous diverse function: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 292. Apparatus wherein the treating fluid performs a simultaneous function other than disinfecting, sterilizing, deodorizing, or preserving; e.g., steam sterilizes and condenses to form distilled water, etc. | |
294 | Including flexible or collapsible treating chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 292. Apparatus having a treating chamber made of thin, flexible material; e.g., plastic film. | |
295 | Including pressure treating chamber (above ambient): | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 292. Apparatus having a compartment for treating the article
or material with the compartment pressure being above normal pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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296 | Fluid pressure maintains closure or seal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Apparatus wherein fluid pressure is used to close or seal the apparatus against the positive pressure therein. | |
297 | And rack, support or handling means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Apparatus having a work holder functioning to hold article or material in a desired relation within the compartment or to place the same within, or remove the same from, the compartment. | |
298 | And vaporizer; e.g., boiler, etc.: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Apparatus having means to render the fluid gaseous. | |
299 | Constituting treating chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Apparatus wherein the vaporizing means is the treating compartment. | |
300 | Including rack, support or handling means: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 292. Apparatus having a work holder functioning to hold an article
or material in a desired relation within the apparatus or place
the same within or remove the same from the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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301 | Apparatus closure operates means immersing article or material in liquid chemical: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Apparatus including a means closing the apparatus and having means operatively connected therewith for immersing the article or the material in the liquid chemical. | |
302 | For treating containers or covers therefor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Apparatus designed to support or handle containers or covers for containers. | |
303 | Container is inverted: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 302. Apparatus wherein the container is supported or handled in an upside-down position. | |
304 | Including endless conveyer: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 302. Apparatus wherein the support or handling means is a transporter of the endless type. | |
305 | Including gas generating means: | ||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Apparatus having means for creating a gas including generating
formaldehyde from a polymer thereof (e.g., paraformaldehyde, etc.).
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306 | Including means for adding a material to a gas: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Apparatus having means for adding material to the gas.
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307 | Heat treating vessel with heating means: | ||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Apparatus comprising container means for treating material
at an elevated temperature and means operatively associated with
the container for furnishing the elevated temperature.
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308 | Including multiple stages: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 307. Apparatus wherein multiple heat-treating means are formed by a single vessel being divided or plural vessels interconnected. | |
309 | Including comminuting, kneading, or surface-wiping means interior of vessel: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 307. Apparatus having means within the vessel providing contact and relative movement between two or more apparatus elements for comminuting or kneading the material or wiping the surface of the vessel wall. | |
310 | ELEMENTS OR ADJUNCTS: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus providing for subcombinations not set out above. | |
311 | Bed support means (e.g., support grid or plate for supporting particulate bed or contact material, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Apparatus comprising a support means for material. | |
312 | Tube element containing extended surface contact reaction means (e.g., a tube internally coated or packed with a catalyst, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Apparatus comprising a tube element containing solid extended surface contact means. | |
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
900 | DECREASING POLLUTION OR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: |
A cross-reference art collection under subclasses 1 through 43 comprising process of diminishing unclean conditions or detrimental conditions affecting the environment. | |
901 | POLYMER DISSOLVER: |
A cross-reference art collection of apparatus specifically designed for the dissolution of a polymer. | |
902 | SODIUM CHLORIDE AND POTASSIUM CHLORIDE DISSOLVER: |
A cross-reference art collection of apparatus specifically designed for the dissolution of NaC1 or KC1. | |
903 | RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL APPARATUS: |
Apparatus for making or containing radioactive material. | |
904 | NITROGEN FIXATION MEANS: |
Art collection relevant to subclasses 186+ comprising documents disclosing the separation of nitrogen as nitrogen compounds from the other components of air. | |
905 | MISCELLANEOUS LIQUID STERILIZATION MEANS: |
Art collection relevant to subclasses 186+ comprising documents disclosing means for sterilization of miscellaneous liquids employing electromagnetic wave energy or corpuscular radiation. | |
906 | PLASMA OR ION GENERATION MEANS: |
Art collection relevant to subclasses 186+ comprising documents disclosing means for generating ions or plasma. | |
907 | CORONA OR GLOW DISCHARGE MEANS: |
Art collection relevant to subclasses 186+ comprising documents disclosing apparatus comprising means to produce a corona discharge or a glow discharge. | |
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