Interactive Atlas of Reproductive
Health: Glossary |
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A
Abortion—the termination of pregnancy from whatever
cause before the fetus is capable of extrauterine life. See
induced termination of pregnancy and
fetal deaths.
Active theme—when a theme is active it appears slightly
raised in the map sidebar. To make a theme active, click on
it. To make more than one theme active, hold down SHIFT when
you click on the themes. Many of the operations you can perform
on a view work on the active theme(s), so making a theme active
is the first step for many procedures. For example, when you
use the mouse to select features on a view, features are only
selected from the active theme(s).
Address geocode—also referred to as address matching.
See geocode.
Adolescent age—people aged 13–17 years.
American Indian or Alaska Native (race)—a person having
origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America
(including Central America), and who maintains tribal affiliation
or community attachment.
Area—1. a level of spatial measurement
referring to a two-dimensional defined space. A polygon on the earth
as projected onto a horizontal plane is an example of an area. Examples:
states, counties, lakes and census tracts. 2. polygon. See
geographic feature.
Asian (race)—any of the original peoples of the Far East,
Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent including, for example, Cambodia,
China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands,
Thailand, and Vietnam.
Attribute—1. a characteristic of a
geographic feature described by numbers, characters, images and drawings,
typically stored in tabular format and linked to the feature by a user-assigned
identifier (e.g., the attributes of a hospital might include number
of beds and perinatal level of care). 2. a column in a database table.
Attribute table—tabular file linked to a geographic file that
contains information about the geographic features on a map. See
table.
B
Birth rate—number of births per 1,000
women. See fertility rate.
Birthweight—an infant's weight at or shortly after birth.
Black (race)—a person having origins in any of the black racial
groups of Africa.
Buffer—a zone of a specified distance around geographic features.
Buffers are useful for proximity analysis (e.g., find all teen births
within 10 miles of a teen clinic).
C
Cartesian coordinate system—a two-dimensional, planar coordinate
system in which x measures horizontal distance and y measures vertical
distance. Relative measures of distance, area and direction are constant
throughout the Cartesian coordinate plane.
Centroid—a point, interior to a polygon, whose coordinates are
the averages of the corresponding coordinates for all the points joined
to produce the polygon. It is the visual center of the polygon, and
is sometimes used as the location to which the polygon's attributes
are tagged.
Childbearing age—women aged 15–44 years.
(See also reproductive age).
Class—a description of a group of objects
with similar properties, common behavior, common relationships, and
common semantics.
Class hierarchy—a tree structure that represents the inheritance
relationship among a set of classes.
Classification, thematic scheme—the meaningful organization
of values on a thematic map.
Color ramp—the meaningful organization of colors on a thematic
map such as from dark to light on a monochromic display. Used to visually
communicate the theme's class hierarchy.
Confidence interval—a statement of accuracy based on a statistic
whose distribution function is known, for example, the normal distribution
function or the bivariate normal distribution function. Probable
errors are stated as the difference between 100% and some percentage
of confidence. For example, if probable error is 5%, then the result
is stated as being "at the 95% confidence level."
Contiguous area (contiguity)—the
topological identification of adjacent polygons.
Coordinate—a set of numbers that designate location in a given
reference system, such as x,y in a planar coordinate system or an x,y,z
in a three-dimensional coordinate system. Coordinates represent locations
on the earth's surface relative to other locations.
Coordinate pair—a set of cartesian coordinates (east-west
and north-south distance, or latitude and longitude) describing the
two-dimensional location of a point, center of a line or centroid of
a polygon, from some known reference datum.
Coordinate system—a reference system used to measure horizontal
and vertical distances on a planimetric map. A coordinate system is
usually defined by a map projection, a spheroid of reference, a datum,
one or more standard parallels, a central meridian, and possible shifts
in the x- and y- directions to locate x,y positions of point, line,
and area features. A common coordinate system is used to spatially
register geographic data for the same area.
Coverage—1. a digital version of a map forming the basic unit
of vector data storage. Associated feature attribute tables describe
and store attributes of the geographic features of the coverage. 2.
a set of thematically associated data considered as a unit. A coverage
usually represents a single theme. See theme,
layer.
D
Data smoothing—a mathematical technique for removing short-
range, erratic variation from lines, surfaces or data series.
Database— a logical collection of interrelated information,
managed and stored as a unit. A GIS database includes data about the
spatial location and shape of geographic features recorded as points,
lines, areas, pixels, grid cells, or tins, as well as their attributes.
Datum—a set of parameters and control points used to accurately
define the three-dimensional shape of the Earth (e.g., as a spheroid).
The datum is the basis for a planar coordinate system. For example,
the North American Datum for 1983 (NAD83) is the datum for map projections
and coordinates within the United States and throughout North America.
Digital elevation model—1. a digital representation of a continuous
variable over a two-dimensional surface by a regular array of z values
referenced to a common datum. Digital elevation models are typically
used to represent terrain relief. Also referred to as 'digital terrain
model' (DTM). 2. an elevation database for elevation data by map sheet
from the National Mapping Division of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).
3. the format of the USGS digital elevation data sets.
Demographic group—a subpopulation of persons defined by the
characteristics they share. Common demographic groups include age, race,
ethnicity and gender which are defined at birth, but other groups are
defined by medical, behavioral and environmental risk factors such as
diabetics, smokers, or persons who live in high crime areas.
Demography—the statistical study of human populations especially
with reference to size and density, distribution, and vital statistics.
E
Early neonatal—the early neonatal period commences at birth
and ends at seven completed days after birth.
Ecology—1. (human) the spatial and temporal interrelationships
between humans and their economic, social, and political organization.
2. the interrelationship of organisms and their environments.
Environment —1. the complex of physical, chemical, and biotic
factors (as climate, soil, and living things) that act upon an organism
or an ecological community and ultimately determine its form and survival.
2. the aggregate of social and cultural conditions that influence the
life of an individual or community.
Ethnicity—the concept of an ethnic group forms the
connection between culture and society. The term designates the
social group which sets itself apart from other groups on account of
specific cultural traits, not only in a few details-food,
clothing-but also in a complex of fundamental options-cosmogony,
system of values, political organization. Every person shares
culture at different levels from local to regional, national and
beyond.
F
Feature—see
geographic feature.
Feature table—tabular file that stores information about a
set of features. Each record corresponds to one feature. A feature table
always has a field named "Shape" whose value is an object that is the
shape of the corresponding feature. The table also contains attributes
for the features. See
table.
Fertility rate—number of births
per 1,000 women. See
birth rate.
Fetal death (dead born)—(WHO) death
prior to the complete explusion or extraction from its mother of a product
of conception, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy. The death
is indicated by the fact that after separation, the fetus does not breathe
or show any other evidence of life. (RH Atlas) dead born child of at
least 22 weeks gestation.
Fetal loss—see fetal death.
Field—in a database or attribute table, another term for column.
See
attribute.
FIPS codes—geographic codes used by federal agencies. For
more information on FIPS codes go to
http://www.itl.nist.gov/fipspubs/.
G
GATHER—(Geographic Analysis Tool for Health and Environmental
Research) is a spatial data access tool that provides members of the
public health community and general public access to spatial data that
is pertinent to the analysis and exploration of public health issues.
Geocode—the process of identifying the
coordinates of a location given its address. For example, an address
can be matched against a TIGER street network to determine the location
of a home. Also referred to as address geocoding or address matching.
Geographic feature—a user-defined geographic phenomenon that
can be modeled or represented using geographic data sets in a map application.
Examples of geographic features include schools, hospitals, accident
sites, streets, service areas, and counties.
Georeference—to establish the relationship between page coordinates
on a planar map and known real-world coordinates.
Gestation—the period between conception and birth usually
about 280 days.
Global positioning system—a system of satellites and receiving
devices used to compute positions on the Earth. GPS is used in navigation,
and can be surprisingly precise, (i.e., within 6 inches).
Gravity model—a methodology used in the geography, engineering
and social sciences to model the behavior of populations. The underlying
assumption of the gravity model is that the influence of populations
on one another is inversely proportional to the distance between them.
This approach is analogous to the view of gravitational attraction from
Newtonian physics.
Grid—a geographic data model representing information as an
array of equally sized square cells arranged in rows and columns. Each
grid cell is referenced by its geographic x,y location.
H
Hillshade—technique for making hypsography on a map appear
three dimensional by the use of graded shadow effects. Generally, the
features are shaded as though illuminated from the northwest.
Hispanic (ethnicity)—a person of Cuban,
Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture
or origin, regardless of race. Also know as
Latino.
Hypsography—topography referred to the national geodetic vertical
datum of 1929. The science or art of describing heights of land surfaces
with reference to this datum.
I
Imagery—a graphic representation or description of a scene,
typically produced by an optical or electronic device. Common examples
include remotely sensed data (e.g., satellite data), scanned data, and
photographs. An image is stored as a raster data set of binary or integer
values that represent the intensity of reflected light, heat, or other
range of values on the electromagnetic spectrum.
Incidence rate—the rate at which people without a health problem
develop the problem during a specific time, (i.e., the number of new
cases developing in a population over a period of time).
Induced termination of pregnancy (ITOP)—to cause the termination
of a pregnancy usually before the fetus is capable of extrauterine life.
Infant—a child between the ages of birth
and 365 days.
K
Kriging—an
optimized interpolation technique (named after Dr. D. G. Krige) that
uses information about the stochastic (random, local) aspects of spatial
variation.
L
Landsat—a series of satellites that produce images of the
earth. The Landsat remote sensing satellite program was developed by
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). Landsat data are
provided in .BIL (band interleaved by line) or .BIP (band interleaved
by pixel) formats.
Latitude—measures angles in a north-south
direction. Defines the y—coordinate of a cartesian coordinate pair.
Latitude/Longitude—a spherical reference system used to
measure locations on the Earth's surface. Latitude and longitude are
angles measured from the Earth's center to locations on the Earth's
surface.
Longitude—measures angles in the east-west
direction. Defines the x—coordinate of a cartesian coordinate pair.
Late fetal death—a deadborn child of at least 28 weeks’ gestation.
Latino—ethnic origin. A person of Cuban,
Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture
or origin, regardless of race. Also know as
Hispanic.
Layer—a thematic set of spatial data described
and stored in an geographic database. Layers organize a database or
map library by subject matter (e.g., counties, roads, and hospitals).
Conceptually, layers in a database or map library environment are equivalent
to coverages. See
theme.
Legend—the reference area on a map that lists and explains
the colors, symbols, line patterns, shadings, and annotation used on
the map. The legend often includes the scale, origin, orientation, and
other map information.
Line— 1. a one-dimensional spatial measurement
having a length and a direction and connecting at least two points.
Roads, railroads, telecommunication lines, streams, etc., are all examples
of lines. See geographic feature. 2. a set of ordered coordinates
that represents the shape of geographic features too narrow to be displayed
as an area at the given scale (e.g., contours, street centerlines, or
streams), or linear features with no area (e.g., state and county boundary
lines). See also
polyline.
Linked data (rate)—a rate or other statistic where both the
numerator and denominator information are contained within each record
in a database.
Livebirth—complete expulsion or extraction from its mother
of a baby, irrespective of the duration of the pregnancy, which after
such separation breathes or shows any other evidence of life such as
beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord or definite movement
of voluntary muscles, whether or not the umbilical cord has been cut
or the placenta is attached.
Low birthweight—a birthweight of less than 2,500 grams (5
lbs 8 oz).
M
Map—an abstract representation of the physical features of
a portion of the earth's surface graphically displayed on a planar (2-dimentional)
surface. Maps display signs, symbols, and spatial relationships among
the features. They typically emphasize, generalize, and omit certain
features from the display to meet design objectives (e.g., railroad
features might be included in a transportation map but omitted from
a highway map).
Map extent—the rectangular limits (x,y - minimum, and x,y
-maximum) of the area of the Earth's surface displayed. Typically, the
extent of the geographic database (or a portion of it defined by a zoomed—in
view) defines the map extent for display.
Map scale—the reduction needed to display a representation
of the earth's surface on a map. A statement of a measure on the map
and the equivalent measure on the earth's surface, often expressed as
a representative fraction of distance, such as 1:24,000 (one unit of
distance on the map represents 24,000 of the same units of distance
on the Earth). Map scale can also be expressed as a statement of equivalence
using different units; for example, 1 inch = 1 mile or 1 inch = 2,000
feet.
Map unit—the coordinate units in which a feature data source
is stored. Map units can be feet, meters, or decimal degrees.
Maternal mortality—a maternal death is the death of a woman
while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of the pregnancy, irrespective
of the duration and the site of pregnancy, from any cause related to
or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental
or incidental causes.
Maternal mortality rate—(NCHS) the maternal mortality rate
is the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.
Maternal mortality ratio—the number of maternal deaths per
100,000 live births during the same period.
Meridian—a line running vertically from the north pole to
the south pole along which all locations have the same longitude. The
Prime Meridian (0) runs through Greenwich, England. From the Prime Meridian,
measures of longitude are negative to the west and positive to the east
up to 180, halfway around the globe.
Modal age for grade—age of most (mode)
children at a given grade level (e.g., most first graders are 6 years
of age).
N
Neighbor—See
contiguous area.
Neonatal—the neonatal period commences at birth and ends at
28 completed days after birth.
P
Perinatal period—(NCHS) the perinatal period commences at
28 completed weeks of gestation and ends seven completed days after
birth.
Period data (rate)—a rate or other statistic where the numerator
and denominator information are obtained from different databases or
different records within a database.
Pixel—a contraction of the words picture element. The smallest
unit of information in an image or raster map. Referred to as a cell
in an image or grid.
Planimetric map—map that presents only the horizontal positions
for features represented. distinguished from a topographic map by the
omission of relief in measurable form. The features usually shown on
a planimetric map include rivers, cities, transportation routes,
and political and private boundary lines.
Point—1. a single x,y coordinate that represents a geographic
feature too small to be displayed as a line or area; for example, the
location of a mountain peak or a building location on a small-scale
map. It is not possible to have point and polygon features in the same
layer or coverage. When representing point features, the x,y location
of the label point describes the location of the feature. When identifying
polygons, the label point can be located anywhere within the polygon
such as the centroid.
Polygon—a coverage feature class used to represent areas.
A polygon is defined by the arcs that make up its boundary and a point
inside its boundary for identification.
Polyline—any line defined by three
or more points. Line features in themes such as boundaries, roads, streams
and streets are usually polylines. See
line.
Postneonatal—the postneonatal period commences at 8 days and
ends 364 completed days after birth.
Preterm—less than 37 completed weeks of gestation.
Prevalence rate—a measure of the total number of people (old
and new cases) in a population who have a health problem at a specified
point in time (usually used for chronic conditions like diabetes).
Q
Quantiles—any of the n–1 values that divide the items of a
frequency distribution into n classes with each containing one nth of
the total population.
R
Race category—subpopulations of people loosely based on biological
and anthropological concepts, and developed in response to needs for
collecting standardized data to be used by federal agencies for record
keeping, collection and presentation of data (i.e., federal surveys,
the decennial census and monitoring various civil rights laws).
Raster—a cellular data structure composed of rows and
columns for storing images. Groups of cells with the same value
represent features.
Rectification—the process by which an image or grid is converted
from image coordinates to real-world coordinates. Rectification typically
involves rotation and scaling of grid cells, and thus requires resampling
of values.
Referential integrity—the capability to ensure that
changes to one table that affect other tables are transmitted to
those other tables.
Region—a coverage feature class used to represent a spatial
feature as one or more polygons. Many regions can be defined in a single
coverage.
Relative standard error (RSE) of a rate—is the estimated standard
deviation of a rate based on its numerator and denominator together.
RSE is commonly calculated as part of the equation to determine the
confidence interval around a rate, however, it can be used alone as
a measure of statistical stability where event numbers are low and can
fluctuate greatly.
Remote sensing—acquiring information about an object without
contacting it physically. Methods include aerial photography, radar,
and satellite imaging.
Route—a feature class that is part of the route-system data
model used to represent linear features. Routes are based on an arc
coverage and are defined as an ordered set of sections. Because sections
represent the portion of an arc used in a route, routes do not have
to begin or end at nodes.
Reproductive age—1. traditionally defined as 15 to 44 years
2. in the atlas, the definition has been expanded to 10 to 54 years
except where specifically noted otherwise. See also
childbearing age.
S
Side bar, map—the margin to the immediate left of the map
that contains the map layers, and associated layer legends.
Side bar, page—the margin on the left side of the page that
contains navigation options on the help pages; and global or demographic
choices on the interactive map and table pages.
Soundex—1. a phonetic spelling (up to six characters) of a
street name, used for address matching. Each of the 26 letters in the
English alphabet are replaced with a letter in the soundex equivalent:
Where possible, geocoding uses a soundex equivalent of street names
for faster processing. During geocoding, initial candidate street names
are found using soundex, then real names are compared and verified.
2. the procedure of encoding a string based on the soundex method developed
by Margaret K. Odell and Robert C. Russell.
Shapefile—spatial data format developed
and used by ESRI for their ArcView software application.
Standard
census geographic hierarchy—an hierarchical geographic presentation
that shows the geographic entities in a superior/subordinate structure.
The structure is derived from the legal, administrative, and areal relationships
of the entities. The hierarchical structure is depicted in report tables
by means of indentation. The structure of the standard census geographic
hierarchy is: census block, within block group, within census tract,
within place, within county subdivision, within county, within state,
within division, within region, within the United States.
State plane coordinate systems—a complete system of coordinate
systems by which Cartesian coordinates are assigned to all 50 states.
The system consists of as many zones as are necessary to define coordinate
systems where the scale distortion introduced by the projection is less
than one part in 10,000. To achieve this objective, different states
use different projections, and many states require more than one zone.
For example, the state of Idaho, whose largest extent is north/south,
uses the Transverse Mercator projection, and because of its size, requires
three separate zones to achieve distortion less than one part in 10,000
within any zone.
Stratum (strata)—1. a statistical subpopulation 2. one of
a series of layers, levels, or gradations in an ordered system.
Surveillance—a dynamic process in which data on the occurrence
and distribution of health or disease in a population are collected,
collated, analyzed, and disseminated.
T
Table—A set of data elements that has
a horizontal dimension (rows) and a vertical dimension (columns) in
a relational database system. A table has a specified number of columns
but can have any number of rows. A table is often called a relation.
Rows stored in a table are structurally equivalent to records from flat
files in that they must not contain repeating fields.
Teen age—people aged 10–19 years.
Territories (US)—island nations located in the Pacific and
Caribbean Oceans that are considered possessions of the United States
and report vital statistics data to NCHS. Specifically they are American
Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands in the Pacific; and Puerto
Rico and the Virgin Islands in the Caribbean.
Theme—1. a user-defined perspective on
a map layer that is specified, if applicable, by a layer name and feature
class or data set name, attributes of interest, a data classification
scheme, and theme-specific symbology for drawing. See
layer.
TIGER database—TIGER® is an acronym for the Topologically
Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (System or database).
It is a digital (computer-readable) geographic database that automates
the mapping and related geographic activities required to support the
U.S. Census Bureau’s census and survey programs. The U.S. Census Bureau
developed the TIGER System to automate the geographic support processes
needed to meet the major geographic needs of the 1990 census: producing
the cartographic products to support data collection and map presentations,
providing the geographic structure for tabulation and dissemination
of the collected statistical data, assigning residential and employer
addresses to the correct geographic location and relating those locations
to the geographic entities used for data tabulation, and so forth. The
content of the TIGER database is undergoing continuous updates and is
made available to the public through a variety of TIGER /Line® files
that may be obtained free of charge from the Internet or packaged on
CD-ROM or DVD from Customer Services, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington,
D.C. 20233–1900; telephone 301-457-4100; Web site
http://www.census.gov/geo/www/tiger.
Triangulated irregular network (TIN)—A data structure used
to define a three—dimensional surface as a series of irregular triangles.
Used for efficient analysis in terrain modelling because any geographic
shape can be accurately represented by the sides of triangles, given
that they are sufficiently small. Where large flat areas are to be defined,
larger triangles can be used. The tin data set includes topological
relationships between points and their neighboring triangles. Each sample
point has an x, y coordinate and a surface, or z-value. These points
are connected by edges to form a set of non-overlapping triangles used
to represent the surface. Tins are also called irregular triangular
mesh or irregular triangular surface model.
Topographic map—a map containing contours indicating lines
of equal surface elevation (relief), often referred to as topo maps.
Topology—the spatial relationships between connecting or adjacent
coverage features (e.g., arcs, nodes, polygons, and points). For example,
the topology of an arc includes its from- and to- nodes, and its left
and right polygons. Topological relationships are built from simple
elements into complex elements: points (simplest elements), arcs (sets
of connected points), areas (sets of connected arcs), and routes (sets
of sections, which are arcs or portions of arcs). Redundant data (coordinates)
are eliminated because an arc may represent a linear feature, part of
the boundary of an area feature, or both. Topology is useful in GIS
because many spatial modeling operations don't require coordinates,
only topological information. For example, to find an optimal path between
two points requires a list of the arcs that connect to each other and
the cost to traverse each arc in each direction. Coordinates are only
needed for drawing the path after it is calculated.
Transparent layers—polygon layers that are outlined but have
no fill or transparent fill that allows the map features in the layer(s)
below to be viewed. They are used to highlight specific areas of a map
or to group map features.
V
Vector—1. a coordinate-based data structure commonly used
to represent linear geographic features. Each linear feature is represented
as an ordered list of vertices. Traditional vector data structures include
double-digitized polygons and arc-node models. 2. A directed line segment
whose magnitude is represented by the coordinates for the pair of end
points. See also vector representation.
Vector data—an array of data with one dimension (i.e., a list
of values).
Vector representation—a method of internal coding of graphic
data in which the map area is viewed as a series of points (whose coordinates
are measured). Some points are joined by lines (vectors), and some line
segments (arcs) are joined to form polygons. This method allows for
very accurate representation through accurate measurement and recording
of coordinates. The topology (the relationship of points, lines and
areas) allows for very accurate spatial analyses, though algorithms
are typically slower than for corresponding raster-based data. Network
and routing analyses are very easy and efficient. Data volumes are usually
much smaller than for corresponding raster-based data. Most Geographic
Information Systems require both vector representation and raster representation
for efficient storage and analyses of a variety of graphic data. Algorithms
exist for conversion between representations, though raster-to-vector
is a good deal more complex and time consuming than vice versa. Compare
Raster representation.
View—1. the visible area of a computer
generated map including various map elements which may alternatively
be expressed or suppressed within a view, creating a unique representation
based on the visible information. 2. the method for grouping and displaying
the analysis layer defined by political boundaries such as a state,
region or division. For example: Texas would be an example of a state
view, and New England would be an example of a census division view.
Visibility—in a map view, layers are visible if 2 conditions
are met: 1. visibility is enabled by checking the visibility box in
the map side bar, and 2. the scale of the map view is zoomed in sufficiently
close to provide a meaningful display.
W
Waypoint—in a GPS, a waypoint represents the x,y coordinates
of the location being geocoded.
White (race)—a person having origins in any of the original
peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa.
X
X coordinate—see
longitude.
Y
Y coordinate—see
latitude.
Z
ZIP codes—(zone improvement plan) a 5–digit code that identifies
a specific geographic delivery area. ZIP Codes can represent an area
within a state, an area that crosses state boundaries (unusual condition),
or a single building or company that has a very high mail volume.
ZIP+4—describes the last four positions of a ZIP+4 Code. Most
delivery addresses are assigned a single ZIP+4 Code. However, large
companies may be given a range of ZIP+4 Codes that can be used to route
mail to a specific department.
Zoom—a capability for proportionately enlarging or reducing
the scale of a computer generated figure or map displayed on a computer
monitor.
References
1. Wilcox, LS & Marks, JS (eds). From Data to Action: CDC's Public Health
Surveillance for Women, Infants and Children. Monograph. Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services.
2. Glossary of GIS Terms, Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI),
Redmond, CA., http://www.gis.com/resources/library/dictionaries.html
3. Glossary of Cartographic Terms, UT Library Online, University of Texas
at Austin, Austin, TX.,
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/Libs/PCL/Map_collection/glossary.html*
4. Glossary from The Geographer's Craft, The Geographer's Craft Project,
Department of Geography, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder CO.,
http://www.Colorado.EDU/geography/gcraft/gloss/glossary.html*
5. Census 2000
Geographic Terms and Concepts, U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000.
6. Collegiate® Dictionary, Merriam—Webster Online, http://www.m—w.com/
7. NCHS Definitions,
National Center of Health Statistics.
* |
Links to non-Federal organizations found at this site are provided solely as a service to our users. These links do not constitute an endorsement of these organizations or their programs by CDC or the Federal Government, and none should be inferred. The CDC is not responsible for the content of the individual organization Web pages found at these links.
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Page last reviewed: 7/28/08
Page last modified: 1/29/07
Content source: Division
of Reproductive Health, National
Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
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