Table 4-35: Federal Exhaust Emissions Standards for
Locomotivesa
(g/bhph except where noted)
Excel | CSV
Total HCb |
Line-haul |
1.00 |
0.55 |
0.30 |
Total HCb |
Switch |
2.10 |
1.20 |
0.60 |
Nonmethane HCc |
Line-haul |
1.00 |
0.55 |
0.30 |
Nonmethane HCc |
Switch |
2.10 |
1.20 |
0.60 |
Total HC equivalentd |
Line-haul |
1.00 |
0.55 |
0.30 |
Total HC equivalentd |
Switch |
2.10 |
1.20 |
0.60 |
CO |
Line-haul |
5.0 |
2.2 |
1.5 |
CO |
Switch |
8.0 |
2.5 |
2.4 |
CO |
Line-haul (optional standard)g |
10.0 |
10.0 |
10.0 |
CO |
Switch (optional standard)g |
12.0 |
12.0 |
12.0 |
NOx |
Line-haul |
9.5 |
7.4 |
5.5 |
NOx |
Switch |
14.0 |
11.0 |
8.1 |
Particulates |
Line-haul |
0.60 |
0.45 |
0.20 |
Particulates |
Switch |
0.72 |
0.54 |
0.24 |
Particulates |
Line-haul (optional standard)g |
0.30 |
0.22 |
0.10 |
Particulates |
Switch (optional standard)g |
0.36 |
0.27 |
0.12 |
Smoke opacity (% opacity-normalized)h |
Steady-state |
30% |
25% |
20% |
Smoke opacity (% opacity-normalized)h |
30-second peak |
40% |
40% |
40% |
Smoke opacity (% opacity-normalized)h |
3-second peak |
50% |
50% |
50% |
Useful life |
|
7.5 MWh per hp or 10 yearsi,
j |
7.5 MWh per hp or 10 yearsi,
j |
7.5 MWh per hp or 10 yearsi,
j |
KEY: bhp = brake horsepower; bhph = brake horsepower hour;
CO = carbon monoxide; g = gram; h = hour; MW = megawatt; MWh = megawatt hour;
NOx = nitrogen oxides; PM = particulate matter.
a Locomotive standards apply to both new and remanufactured
locomotives, except as noted.
b The line-haul duty-cycle is weighted toward operation
in the higher power notches and is typical of line-haul applications. The switch
duty-cycle is typical of switch operations, with more emphasis on idle and low
power notch emissions. Locomotives generally are required to meet the standards
for both duty-cycles. However, Tier 0 dedicated switch locomotives rated at
2,300 hp or less are only required to meet the switch duty-cycle standard.
c Tier 0 standards apply to all new production locomotives
in the 2001 model year, as well as for any 1994 through 2001 model year freight
locomotives remanufactured on or after Jan. 1, 2001. They also apply to all
other 1973 through 2001 model year locomotives remanufactured on or after Jan.
1, 2002. Other phase-in options are also available for manufacturers (see 40
CFR 92 for more detail on phase-in options).
d Total HC standards apply to locomotives powered by
any fuel except alcohol or natural gas or fuels primarily composed of alcohol
or natural gas.
e Nonmethane HC standards apply to locomotives powered
by natural gas or fuels that are primarily composed of natural gas.
f Total HC equivalent standards apply to locomotives
powered by alcohol or fuels that are primarily composed of alcohol.
g Manufacturers and remanufacturers can elect to comply
with the alternate CO and PM standards. However, a manufacturer or remanufacturer
using the alternate standards must meet both the CO and the PM standards. This
allows locomotives to have higher CO emissions in exchange for meeting more
stringent PM standards.
h Smoke opacity values are normalized to be equivalent
to a 1 meter path length.
i For Tier 0 locomotives not equipped with MW/h meters,
the minimum useful life is 750,000 miles or 10 years, whichever comes first.
j This is a minimum standard. The certifying manufacturer
or remanufacturer must specify a longer useful life if the locomotive or locomotive
engine is designed to last longer than the applicable minimum useful life.
SOURCES:
40 CFR 92, Jul. 1, 2000, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Office of Air and Radiation, personal communication, Aug. 28,
2001.
|