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Table 4-30d: Federal Exhaust Emission Certification
Standards for Newly Manufactured Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light Duty
Trucks (Category LDT4) a,b,c
(Grams per mile)
Excel | CSV
Engine type and pollutant |
Prior to controlg |
1968-
1969 |
1970-
1971 |
1972 |
1973-
1974 |
1975 |
1976-
1978 |
1979-
1981 |
1982-
1983 |
1984 |
1985-
1986 |
1987 |
1988-
1989 |
1990 |
1991-
1995 |
Tier 1k
1996-2007 |
Interim Tier 2k
2008 |
Tier 2k
2009+ |
Gasoline |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HC (total) |
11 |
I |
2.2 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
0.80 |
0.80 |
0.80 |
0.80 |
0.80 |
0.80 |
j (0.80) |
j |
j |
j |
j |
NMHC |
h |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
0.39 (0.56) |
j |
j |
j |
j |
NMOG |
h |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
0.160 |
(0.230) |
0.125 |
(0.156) |
CO |
80 |
i |
23 |
39 |
39 |
20 |
20 |
18 |
18 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
5.0 (7.3) |
4.4 |
(6.4) |
3.4 |
(4.2) |
Cold-temp. COd |
h |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
12.5(j) |
12.5(j) |
12.5(j) |
12.5(j) |
12.5(j) |
NOx |
4 |
j |
j |
j |
3.0 |
3.1 |
3.1 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
1.1 (1.53) |
0.4 |
(0.6) |
0.14 |
(0.20) |
Particulates |
h |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j (0.12) |
0.08 |
(0.08) |
0.02 |
(0.02) |
Formaldehyde |
h |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
0.018 |
(0.027) |
0.015 |
(0.018) |
Diesel |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HC (total) |
11 |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
2.0 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
0.80 |
0.80 |
0.80 |
0.80 |
0.80 |
0.80 |
j(0.80) |
j |
j |
j |
j |
NMHC |
h |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
0.39 (0.56) |
j |
j |
j |
j |
NMOG |
h |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
(0.230) |
0.125 |
(0.156) |
CO |
80 |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
20 |
18 |
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
5.0 (7.3) |
j |
(6.4) |
3.4 |
(4.2) |
NOx |
4 |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
3.1 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
j(1.53) |
j |
(0.6) |
0.14 |
(0.20) |
Particulates |
h |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
0.60 |
0.60 |
0.60 |
0.50 |
0.45 |
0.45 |
0.13 |
j(0.12) |
j |
(0.08) |
0.02 |
(0.02) |
Formaldehyde |
h |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
(0.027) |
0.015 |
(0.018) |
LDT4 weight criteriae |
|
GVWR up through 6,000 pounds |
GVWR up through 6,000 pounds |
GVWR up through 6,000 pounds |
GVWR up through 6,000 pounds |
GVWR up through 6,000 pounds |
GVWR up through 6,000 pounds |
GVWR up through 8,500 pounds |
GVWR up through 8,500 pounds |
GVWR up through 8,500 pounds |
GVWR up through 8,500 pounds |
GVWR up through 8,500 pounds |
Any ALVW
GVWR 6,001-8,500 pounds |
Any ALVW
GVWR 6,001-8,500 pounds |
Any ALVW
GVWR 6,001-8,500 pounds |
ALVW over 5,750 pounds
GVWR 6,001-8,500 pounds |
ALVW over 5,750 pounds
GVWR 6,001-8,500 pounds |
ALVW over 5,750 pounds
GVWR 6,001-8,500 pounds |
ALVW over 5,750 pounds
GVWR 6,001-8,500 pounds |
ALVW over 5,750 pounds
GVWR 6,001-8,500 pounds |
Test procedureb |
|
7-mode |
7-mode |
CVS-72 |
CVS-72 |
CVS-75 |
CVS-75 |
CVS-75 |
CVS-75 |
CVS-75 |
CVS-75 |
CVS-75 |
CVS-75 |
CVS-75 |
CVS-75 |
CVS-75 |
CVS-75 |
CVS-75 |
CVS-75 |
CVS-75 |
Useful life (intermediate)c, f |
|
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
j |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
Useful life (full) |
|
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
5 years/50,000 miles |
11 years/120,000 miles |
11 years/120,000 miles |
11 years/120,000 miles |
11 years/120,000 miles |
11 years/120,000 miles |
11 years/120,000 miles |
11 years/120,000 miles |
11 years/120,000 miles |
11 years/120,000 miles |
11 years/120,000 miles |
KEY: ALVW=adjusted loaded vehicle weight; CO = carbon
monoxide; GVWR=gross vehicle weight rating; HC = hydrocarbons; NMHC=nonmethane
hydrocarbon; NMOG=nonmethane organic gases; NOx=nitrogen oxides.
a Light-duty truck categories LDT1-LDT4 were not created
until 1994. From 1968 to 1978 all trucks with a GVWR up to 6,000 pounds were
classified as light-duty trucks and were required to meet the same standards.
As of 1979, the maximum weight was raised to 8,500 pounds GVWR. During 1988-93,
light-duty trucks were divided into two subcategories that coincide with the
current LDT1-LDT4 categories. The standards for LDT1, LDT2, and LDT3 are given
in tables 4-30a, 4-40b, and 4-30c.
b The test procedure for measuring exhaust emissions
has changed several times over the course of vehicle emissions regulation. The
7-mode procedure was used through model year 1971 and was replaced by the CVS-72
procedure beginning in model year 1972. The CVS-75 procedure became the test
procedure as of model year 1975. While it may appear that the total HC and CO
standards were relaxed in 1972-74, these standards were actually more stringent
due to the more stringent nature of the CVS-72 test procedure.
Additional standards for CO and composite standards for NMHC
and NOx tested over the new Supplemental Federal Test Procedure will be phased-in
beginning with model year 2002. These standards are not shown in this table.
c Emissions standards had to be met for a full useful
life of 5 years/50,000 miles through model year 1983, and a full useful life
of 11 years/120,000 miles was defined for 1985-93 (several useful life options
were available for 1984). Beginning in model year 1996, emissions standards
were established for an intermediate useful life of 5 years/50,000 miles as
well as a full useful life of 11 years/120,000 miles (intermediate and full
useful life standards are shown in parentheses). This applied to all pollutants
except HC and particulates for all LDT4 vehicles and NOx for diesel-powered
LDT4 vehicles, which were only required to meet full useful life standards.
Tier 1 exhaust standards were phased-in during 1996-97 at a rate of 50% and
100%, respectively.
d The cold CO emissions standard is measured at 20
degrees F (rather than 75 degrees F) and is applicable for a 5-year/50,000-mile
useful life.
e GVWR is the maximum design loaded weight.
ALVW is the numerical average of the GVWR and the curb weight.
f
Manufacturers can opt to certify vehicles for a full useful life of 15 years/150,000
miles and either have (1) intermediate useful life standards waived or (2) receive
additional NOx credits.
g The "Prior to control" column reports emissions
estimates of a typical newly manufactured car in the years before exhaust emissions
certification standards were implemented.
h No estimate available.
i In 1968-69, exhaust emissions standards were issued
in parts per million rather than grams per mile and are, therefore, incompatible
with this table.
j No standard has been set.
k The term "tier" refers to a level of standards
for specific years. Interim 2 refers to an intermediate level of standards that
moves manufacturers toward compliance with Tier 2 standards. Interim Tier 2
and Tier 2 standards are established as "bins." Each bin is a set
of standards for NOx, CO, NMOG, formaldehyde, and particulate matter (HC and
non-methane HC standards are dropped for Tier 2 and interim Tier 2). Manufacturers
may certify any given vehicle family to any of the bins available for that vehicle
class as long as the resulting sales-weighted corporate average NOx standard
is met for full useful life. The Tier 2 corporate average NOx standard is 0.07
grams/mile. Interim corporate-based average NOx standards are based on vehicle
type. The interim corporate sales-weighted average for LDT4 vehicles is 0.6
grams/mile. Tier 2 standards will be phased in during 2008 and 2009. In 2008,
50% of LDT4 vehicles must meet Tier 2 standards; the others must meet Interim
Tier 2 standards. Beginning in 2009, all LDT4 vehicles must meet Tier 2 standards.
SOURCE:
40 CFR 86, Subpart A (July 1, 2000) Federal Register, Vol. 65,
No. 28, pp. 6851-6858.
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