Table  4-20M:  Energy Intensity of Passenger Modes,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
(Kilojoules per passenger-kilometer),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,1960,1965,1970,1975,1980 ,1985,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995 ,1996 ,1997 ,1998 ,1999 ,2000
AirR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Certificated air carrier,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
  Domestic operations,,"5,659","6,633","6,677","5,078","3,755","3,308","3,233","3,062","2,992","2,988","2,913","2,873","2,742","R2,731","2,703","2,655","2,585"
  International operations,,"6,031","6,748","7,202","5,550","R2,845","3,345","2,980","3,022","2,792","2,687","2,718","2,736","2,693","2,733","2,804","2,703","2,628"
Highwayb,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Passenger car,,"2,947","2,921","3,174","3,109","2,850","2,797","2,499","2,395","2,428","2,481","2,472","2,439","R2,418","2,397","R2,384","2,407","2,346"
Other 2-axle 4-tire vehicle,,N,N,"4,465","4,308","3,743","3,259","2,918","2,804","2,790","2,803","2,849","R2,975","R2,977","R2,992","R2,995","3,024","2,947"
Motorcycle,,a,a,"1,639","1,543","1,393","1,243","1,305","1,257","1,305","1,352","1,400","R1,491","R1,489","R1,490","R1,490","1,490","1,490"
Transit motor bus,,N,N,N,N,"1,798","2,226","2,441","2,470","2,647","2,586","2,728","2,724","2,751","2,772","R2,710","P2,651",U
Amtrak,,N,N,N,"1,562","1,419","1,373","1,353","1,297","1,334","1,326","1,269","1,205","1,408","1,442","1,402","1,381","1,399"
KEY:  N = data do not exist; P = preliminary; R = revised; U = unavailable.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
a  Included in passenger car.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"b  For 1995 and subsequent years, highway passenger-kilometers were taken directly from Highway Statistics rather than derived from vehicle-kilometers and average occupancy, as is the case for 1960-1994.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"NOTES:  To calculate total joules, multiply fuel consumed (see tables 4-21, 4-22, 4-24, 4-25) by 37,626,700 joules/liter for air carrier, 34,839,537 joules/liter for passenger car, other 2-axle 4-tire vehicle, and motorcycle, and 38,657,950 joules/liter for transit motor bus and Amtrak.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Numbers may differ slightly from previous year's metric tables because a higher precision conversion factor was used.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
SOURCES:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Air:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Certificated air carriers:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Passenger-miles:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Air Transport Association, Internet site http://www.air-transport.org/public/industry as of Aug. 22, 2001.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Fuel consumed:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office of Airline Information, Internet site http://www.bts.gov/oai/fuel/fuelyearly.html as of Aug. 22, 2001.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Highway:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Passenger car:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1960-94: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, FHWA-PL-97-009 (Washington, DC: July 1997), table VM-201A. ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1995-2000: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC:  Annual issues), table VM-1.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Other 2-axle 4-tire vehicle:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1970-94: Ibid., Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, FHWA-PL-97-009 (Washington, DC: July 1997), table VM-201A.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1995-2000: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table VM-1.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Motorcycle:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1970-85: Ibid., Highway Statistics Summary to 1985, FHWA-PL-97-009 (Washington, DC:  July 1997), table VM-201A.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1990-2000: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC:  Annual issues), table VM-1.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Transit motor bus:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"American Public Transportation Association, Public Transportation Fact Book (Washington, DC: March 2001), tables 30 and 65.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Amtrak:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Amtrak, State and Local Affairs Department, personal communications.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,