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Table 4. Sensitivity Analysis: GEE models

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Models	Critical access hospital (CAH)	PSI-5	PSI-6	PSI-7	PSI-15	Composite score of 4 PSIs
Models in Table 3 (89 hospitals, 1997 to 2004)	CAH‡	-0.8	-1.19**	-1.26**	-0.92**	-0.70**
Models in Table 3 (89 hospitals, 1997 to 2004)	CAHmv	-0.67	-1.57**	-2.05**	-1.37**	-1.03**
Models adding proxy variable (the lag 1 year dependent variable) as covariates	CAH	-1.08	-0.90**	-1.13**	-0.83**	-0.64**
	CAHmv	-1.06	-1.08**	-1.67**	-1.08**	-0.80**
Models using DRG-weight as risk adjustment (89 hospitals, 1997 to 2004)	CAH	-0.78	-1.19**	-1.25**	-0.92**	-0.70**
	CAHmv	-0.63	-1.56**	-2.07**	-1.36**	-1.03**
Models excluding 8 hospitals which is in rural PPS in 2006 (81 hospitals, 1997 to 2004)	CAH	-0.94	-1.11**	-1.41**	-0.85**	-0.63**
	CAHmv	-0.79	-1.45**	-2.28**	-1.27**	-0.94**
Models adjusting for hospital transfer behavior¥	CAH	-0.84	-1.24**	-1.28**	-0.93**	-0.72**
Models adjusting for hospital transfer behavior¥	CAHmv	-0.76	-1.68**	-2.12**	-1.43**	-1.12**

* Statistically significant at 0.1 level.
** Statistically significant at 0.05 level.
++ Convergence was not achieved.
+++ Ad hospital dummy variables in cross-sectional Tobit model.
‡ The results should be interpreted with caution, given that estimations ofr some coefficients were not stable under quadchk.
¥ Adding two variables (percentage of acute inpatient admission were transferred from other short-term hospital and percentage of acute inpatient patients were transferred to other short-term hospitals) into the models in Table II-6
∏ PSI-5 are observed rate.

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