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MMWR Publications |
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Additional Resources |
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Updated
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This Week in
MMWR |
September 19, 2008 / Vol. 57 / No.
37 |
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An analyst screens blood specimens from newborns. This issue of
MMWR includes a report on the impact of expanded newborn screening.
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Federal Air Travel Restrictions for Public Health Purposes
United States, June 2007–May 2008
Since June 2007, CDC and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security have managed a public health Do Not Board list, which enables public health officials to request that persons with communicable diseases who meet specific criteria and pose a serious threat to air travelers be restricted from boarding commercial aircraft departing from or arriving in the United States. During June 2007–May 2008, CDC received requests to include on the list 42 persons, all with suspected or confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis; 33 persons were included.
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MMWR Recommendations and Reports
September 19, 2008 /
Vol. 57 / No. RR–8
Recommendations for Identification and Public Health Management of Persons
with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Serologic testing for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is
the primary way to identify persons with chronic hepatitis B
virus (HBV) infection. Testing has been recommended
previously for pregnant women, infants born to HBsAg-positive
mothers, household contacts and sex partners of HBV-infected
persons, persons born in countries with HBsAg prevalence of
>8%, persons who are the source of blood or body fluid
exposures that might warrant postexposure prophylaxis (e.g.,
needlestick injury to a healthcare worker or sexual
assault), and persons infected with human immunodeficiency
virus. This report updates and expands previous CDC
guidelines for HBsAg testing and includes new
recommendations for public health evaluation and management
for chronically infected persons and their contacts. Routine
testing for HBsAg now is recommended for additional
populations with HBsAg prevalence of >2%: persons born in
geographic regions with HBsAg prevalence of >2%, men who
have sex with men, and injection-drug users. Implementation
of these recommendations will require expertise and
resources to integrate HBsAg screening in prevention and
care settings serving populations recommended for HBsAg
testing. This report is intended to serve as a resource for
public health officials, organizations, and health-care
professionals involved in the development, delivery, and
evaluation of prevention and clinical services.
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MMWR Surveillance
Summaries
September 12, 2008 / Vol. 57 / No. SS–9
Surveillance for Waterborne Disease
and Outbreaks Associated with Recreational
Water Use and Other Aquatic Facility-Associated
Health Events
United States, 2005–2006
During 1920–1970, statistical data regarding waterborne-disease
outbreaks (WBDOs) in the United States were collected by
different researchers and federal agencies. Since 1971, CDC, the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Council of State
and Territorial Epidemiologists have collaboratively maintained
the Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System, a
surveillance system that tracks the occurrences and causes of
WBDOs and cases of disease associated with drinking water. In
1978, WBDOs associated with recreational water were added to the
surveillance system. The types of outbreaks and disease case
reports included in the Surveillance Summaries have
expanded multiple times to more accurately reflect the scope of
waterborne disease in the United States. Outbreaks of Pontiac
fever were added in 1989, outbreaks of Legionnaires’ disease
were added in 2001, and single cases of Vibrio illness
reported to the Cholera and Other Vibrio Illness
Surveillance System that were associated with recreational water
use were added in 2003.
Surveillance for Waterborne Disease
and Outbreaks Associated with Drinking Water
and Water not Intended for Drinking
United States, 2005--2006
Statistical data on waterborne-disease outbreaks (WBDOs) in the
United States have been collected since 1920. Researchers
reported these statistics during 1920–1936, 1938–1945,
1946–1960, and 1961–1970. Since 1971, CDC, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, and the Council of State and
Territorial Epidemiologists have maintained a collaborative
Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System (WBDOSS),
which tracks the occurrences and causes of WBDOs and cases of
disease associated with drinking water. The history of WBDO
surveillance in the United States is summarized in the 2003–2004
WBDOSS Surveillance Summary. The 2005–2006
Surveillance Summary presents data on 28 WBDOs reported by
public health departments in the states, territories, and
localities that occurred during January 2005–December 2006, and
four previously unreported WBDOs that occurred during 1979–2002.
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