Technical Abstract: The sources of the microorganisms exposed to plant surfaces may be from the plant seed itself, and through the initial contact with soil, irrigation water and air. The microbial ecology of the rhizosphere (roots and the part of the soil affected by contact with roots) and the phyllosphere (leaves and the environment in contact with leaves, e.g. water, air) of produce are in constant change due to factors that affect microbes, such as humidity, temperature, nutrients, UV radiation, insects, and wild animals. Plant tissues are in close contact with potentially thousands of different species of bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms. Fruit and vegetable crops also have a rich microbial flora, including in many cases, coliforms and fecal coliforms that are unavoidable considering domestic and wild animals near production environments. Human pathogens attach to plants and thus provide an area of investigation and for development of intervention methods to minimize survival of human pathogens. Studies that provide insight into fundamental molecular plant-microbe interactions have been emphasized in this chapter. The studies reviewed provide a context for assessing the potential mechanisms of attachment of enteric human pathogens to produce.