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Oral Cancer: Who's at Risk?
Doctors cannot always explain why one person develops oral cancer and another
does not. However, we do know that this disease is not contagious. You cannot
"catch" oral cancer from another person.
Research has shown that people with certain
risk factors
are more likely than
others to develop oral cancer. A risk factor is anything that increases your
chance of developing a disease.
The following are risk factors for oral cancer:
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Tobacco: Tobacco use accounts for most oral cancers. Smoking cigarettes,
cigars, or pipes; using chewing tobacco; and dipping snuff are all linked to
oral cancer. The use of other tobacco products (such as
bidis
and
kreteks) may
also increase the risk of oral cancer. Heavy smokers who use tobacco for a long
time are most at risk. The risk is even higher for tobacco users who drink
alcohol heavily. In fact, three out of four oral cancers occur in people who
use alcohol, tobacco, or both alcohol and tobacco.
-
Alcohol: People who drink alcohol are more likely to develop oral cancer than
people who don't drink. The risk increases with the amount of alcohol that a
person consumes. The risk increases even more if the person both drinks alcohol
and uses tobacco.
-
Sun: Cancer of the lip can be caused by exposure to the sun. Using a lotion or
lip balm that has a sunscreen can reduce the risk. Wearing a hat with a brim
can also block the sun's harmful rays. The risk of cancer of the lip increases
if the person also smokes.
-
A personal history of head and neck cancer: People who have had head and neck
cancer are at increased risk of developing another primary head and neck
cancer. Smoking increases this risk.
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Quitting tobacco reduces the risk of oral cancer. Also, quitting reduces the chance that a person with oral cancer will get a second cancer in the head and neck region. People who stop smoking can also reduce their risk of cancer of the lung, larynx, mouth, pancreas, bladder, and esophagus. There are many resources to help smokers quit:
- The Cancer Information Service at 1-800-4-CANCER can talk with callers about ways to quit smoking and about groups that offer help to smokers who want to quit. Groups offer counseling in person or by telephone.
- Also, your doctor or dentist can help you find a local smoking cessation program.
- Your doctor can tell you about medicine (bupropion) or about nicotine replacement therapy, which comes as a patch, gum, lozenges, nasal spray, or inhaler.
- The "National Cancer Institute Information Resources" section has information about the Federal Government's smoking cessation Web site, http://www.smokefree.gov.
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Some studies suggest that not eating enough fruits and vegetables may increase
the chance of getting oral cancer. Scientists also are studying whether
infections with certain
viruses
(such as the
human papillomavirus) are linked
to oral cancer.
If you think you may be at risk, you should discuss this concern with your
doctor or dentist. You may want to ask about an appropriate schedule for
checkups. Your health care team will probably tell you that not using tobacco
and limiting your use of alcohol are the most important things you can do to
prevent oral cancers. Also, if you spend a lot of time in the sun, using a lip
balm that contains sunscreen and wearing a hat with a brim will help protect
your lips.
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