1950 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur03501.jpg) |
Demosponges and coralline algae on a permanent photo plot. |
1984 August |
1951 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur03502.jpg) |
Diversity on cold rocky reefs can also be very high. |
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1952 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur03503.jpg) |
Starfish and anemones in a cold water rocky community. |
Coastal Massachusetts 1988 february |
1953 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur03504.jpg) |
Macroalgae are important habitat on temperate and northern reefs. Macrocystis |
Coastal Southern California |
1954 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur03505.jpg) |
Kelp beds are extremely complex and critical marine habitats. Wise management of both kelp beds and the animals that depend on them is key to the future of our marine ecosystem. |
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1955 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur03506.jpg) |
Flowers are actually worms with tubes among the reef growth. |
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1956 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur03507.jpg) |
Macroalgae come in many shapes and sizes, from microscopic to tens of meters. |
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1957 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur03508.jpg) |
Brown algae on a temperate Carolina reef can survive a wide temperature range. Lobophora |
Shelf off North Carolina |
1958 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur03509.jpg) |
Diverse "live bottom" community on a Carolina reef. |
Shelf off North Carolina |
1959 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur03510.jpg) |
Green, red and brown algae vary seasonally and differ in role as fish food. |
Shelf off North Carolina |
1960 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur03511.jpg) |
Stromatolites are club-shaped structures formed by a slow buildup of microbial mats trapping ooid sands. These form in high energy channels where migrating sand dunes and chemical precipitation of carbonate cement are dominant seafloor processes. |
Bahamas |
1961 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur03512.jpg) |
Stromatolites off NURP's research center on Lee Stocking Island. |
Bahamas |
1962 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur03513.jpg) |
Sub taking samples on a deep sea basalt bed off Hawaii. |
Hawaii |
1963 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur03514.jpg) |
Any kind of structure on the deep sea floor attracts local mobile species. |
Hawaii 1985 July |
1964 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur03515.jpg) |
Offshore red algae communities serve as egg beds for New England herring. |
Offshore Massachusetts, Pigeon Hill 1974 August |
1965 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur04001.jpg) |
Golden crab attempts to free a buddy from a crab trap. Geryon |
northern Florida 1988 July |
1966 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur04002.jpg) |
Experimental reefs, or casitas, help determine what factors make the best reefs. |
Bahamas |
1967 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur04003.jpg) |
Hake lie near the base of a lost "ghost" lobster trap. Urophycis |
Submarine Canyon off New England |
1968 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur04004.jpg) |
Once popular tire reefs may break apart and wash up on beaches. |
1976 August |
1969 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur04005.jpg) |
Artificial reefs can increase productivity of sandy bottoms. |
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1970 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur04006.jpg) |
Tagged Graysby grouper inside reef block. |
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1971 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur04501.jpg) |
Clam shell bed around a thermal mound in 2800 meters. |
Pacific Ocean, mid-ocean ridge |
1972 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur04502.jpg) |
Black smoker chimney on Endeavour Ridge spouts super-heated water and chemicals. |
Pacific Ocean, Endeavour ridge |
1973 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur04503.jpg) |
Edge of a brine pool, a super salty pond, populated by mussels at 800 meters. Bathymodiolus |
Gulf of Mexico, Green Canyon 1990 July |
1974 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur04504.jpg) |
Tube worms living at a Gulf of Mexico hydrocarbon seep are 2 meters long. Lamellibranchia |
Gulf of Mexico, Green Canyon |
1975 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur04505.jpg) |
Tube worms at a Pacific hydrothermal vent are related to hydrocarbon seep worms. Riftia pachyptila |
Pacific Ocean |
1976 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur04506.jpg) |
Black smoker at a mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal vent. |
Atlantic Ocean |
1977 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur04507.jpg) |
Hydrothermal vent tubeworms get energy from bacteria that live in their plumes. |
Pacific Ocean |
1978 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur04508.jpg) |
Sub samples show temperatures in hydrothermal vents exceed 300 degrees celsius. |
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1979 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur04509.jpg) |
Mussels, worms and a spider crab at a hydrocarbon seep community. |
Gulf of Mexico |
1980 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur04510.jpg) |
Minerals venting from the seafloor, provide chemosynthetic sustenance for bacteria, some of Earth's earliest life, |
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1981 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur04511.jpg) |
Spider crabs around vent sites on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. |
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1982 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur04512.jpg) |
Tube worms feeding at base of a black smoker chimney hydrothermal vent. |
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1983 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur04513.jpg) |
Black smoker chimney and shrimp on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. |
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1984 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur05001.jpg) |
Wire corals and snappers on the slope off Hawaii. |
Hawaii 1982 March |
1985 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur05002.jpg) |
Sea urchin grazing deep hard bottom off Hawaii. |
Hawaii 1982 March |
1986 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur05003.jpg) |
Sea cucumber grazing deep hard bottom off Hawaii. |
Hawaii 1982 March |
1987 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur05004.jpg) |
Basket star curled on deep hard bottom off Hawaii. |
Hawaii 1982 March |
1988 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur05005.jpg) |
Sub manipulator prepares to collect coral specimen on the deep slope off Hawaii. |
Hawaii 1982 March |
1989 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur05006.jpg) |
Although there is little light, deep (>500 ft) reefs off Hawaii are productive. |
Hawaii 1982 March |
1990 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur05007.jpg) |
Yellow gorgonian on deep reef off Hawaii. |
Hawaii 1982 March |
1991 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur05008.jpg) |
Attached species compete for space on deep reef off Hawaii. |
Hawaii 1982 March |
1992 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur05009.jpg) |
Sub grabs a wire coral on limestone bottom off Hawaii. Cirrhipathes |
Hawaii 1982 March |
1993 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur05010.jpg) |
Reef fish, including rosy snappers, occupy a deep limestone reef. |
Hawaii 1982 March |
1994 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur05011.jpg) |
Sea cucumber is colored to look like its rocky habitat. |
Hawaii 1988 June |
1995 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur05012.jpg) |
Crinoids and gooseneck barnacles on a dead sponge, over 5000 ft. off Hawaii. Antedon (crinoid) |
Hawaii 1988 July |
1996 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur05013.jpg) |
Gold coral on pillow lava in over 1000 ft. off Hawaii. Gerardia |
Hawaii 1988 June |
1997 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur05014.jpg) |
Satin sponge on basalt slope, at 5000 ft. deep off Hawaii. Semperella |
Hawaii 1988 June |
1998 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur05015.jpg) |
Isolated tufted corals are common on the deep rocky slope off Hawaii. |
Hawaii 1988 July |
1999 | ![thumbnail picture](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080924091743im_/http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/ths/nur05016.jpg) |
Glass sponge between red crinoid stalk and gorgonian on pillow lava off Hawaii. Walteria (sponge), Chrysogorgia (gorgonian) |
Hawaii 1988 July |