Testing Status of Agents at NTP
National Toxicology Program (NTP) Testing Information
Asphalt Table A-4
Table A-4. Exposure concentrations measured during roofing operations
| Exposure concentration (mg/m3) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | Mean | |||||||||
| Occupation | Source of Exposure | Number | Type | Range | Arithmetic | Geometric | Reference | |||
| Hot asphalt machine
operator/carrier | Roofing operation | 6 | Cyclohexane solubles
8-hr TWA | <0.02-0.19 | 0.08166 | 0.050 | Hervin & Emmett (1976a) | |||
| Kettleman, felt layer | Asphalt heating and mopping | 1 | Benzene solubles | 0.75 (filter) | 0.75 | Brown & Fajen (1977a) | ||||
| ___ | <0.04
(sorbent tube) | 0.04 | ||||||||
| Felt layer | 2 | Benzene solubles | 0.35-1.3 (filter)
<0.04-0.23 (sorbent tube) | 0.825 | 0.6746 | |||||
| Foreman, mopper | 1 | Benzene solubles | ___ | 0.49 (filter)
0.12 (sorbent tube) | 0.49
0.12 | |||||
| Felt tacker | 1 | Benzene soluble | ___ | 1.1 (filter)
0.16 | 1.1
0.16 | |||||
| Kettleman | 4† | Benzene soluble | 170-420 (filter)
<0.17-1.1 (sorbent tube) | 260
0.4675 | 245.167
0.335 | |||||
| Felt layer | Asphalt heating and mopping | 2 | Benzene soluble | 0.08-0.78 (filter)
<0.04-0.35 (sorbent tube) | 0.43
0.195 | 0.250
0.118 | Brown & Fajen (1977b) | |||
| Foreman | 1 | Benzene soluble | ___ | 2.1 (filter)
0.15 (Sorbent tube) | 2.1
0.15 | |||||
| Felt machine operator, mopper | Application of hot roofing asphalt | 2 | Benzene solubles | 0.17-2.5 (filter)
0.22-0.47 (sorbent tube) | 1.335
0.345 | 0.652
0.322 | Brown & Fajen (1977c) | |||
| Hot asphalt carrier | 1 | Benzene soluble | ___
___ | 0.57 (filter)
0.16 (sorbent tube) | 0.57
0.16 | |||||
| Mopper | 1 | Benzene soluble | ___
___ | 0.38 (filter)
<0.04 (sorbent tube) | 0.38
<0.04 | |||||
| Felt layer | 1 | Benzene soluble | ___
___ | 0.17 (filter)
0.08 (sorbent tube) | 0.17
0.08 | |||||
| Asphalt tank operator | 1 | Benzene soluble | ___
___ | 0.11 ( filter & sorbent tube) | <0.11 | |||||
| Kettleman | Type III roofing asphalt | 6 | Total particulates 7-hr TWA | 1.28-12.54 | 3.715 | 2.564 | Merz & Weisgerber (1977) | |||
| 6 | Benzene solubles
7-hr TWA | 0.91-6.88 | 2.342 | 1.81 | ||||||
| Mopper | 6 | Total particulates 7-hr TWA | 1.05-8.42 | 3.6283 | 2.908 | |||||
| 6 | Benzene solubles
7-hr TWA | 0.68-6.53 | 2.625 | 2.050 | ||||||
| Paperman | 6 | Total particulates 7-hr TWA | 0.35-3.26 | 1.5383 | 1.180 | |||||
| Benzene solubles
7-hr TWA | 0.50-2.43 | 1.0967 | 0.829 | |||||||
| Kettleman | Type III roofing asphalt
a) low volatility | 3 | Total particulates 8-hr TWA | 1.28-2.49 | 1.7366 | 1.662 | Puzinauskas (1979) | |||
| Benzene solubles
8-hr TWA | 0.91-1.94 | 1.3533 | 1.288 | |||||||
| Mopper | 3 | Total particulates 8-hr TWA | 1.70-8.42 | 4.19667 | 3.282 | |||||
| Benzene solubles
8-hr TWA | 1.43-6.56 | 3.25 | 2.546 | |||||||
| Paperman | 3 | Total particulates 8-hr TWA | 0.35-2.00 | 0.9966 | 0.765 | |||||
| 3 | Benzene solubles
8-hr TWA | 0.25-1.69 | 0.8133 | 0.596 | ||||||
| Kettleman | b) high volatility | 3 | Total particulates 8-hr TWA | 1.81-12.56 | 5.7 | 3.959 | ||||
| 3 | Benzene solubles
8-hr TWA | 1.35-6.87 | 3.33 | 2.541 | ||||||
| Mopper | 3 | Total particulates 8-hr TWA | 1.05-4.54 | 3.06 | 2.577 | |||||
| 3 | Benzene solubles
8-hr TWA | 0.68-3.39 | 2.0133 | 1.656 | ||||||
| Paperman | 3 | Total particulates 8-hr TWA | 0.88-3.26 | 2.0766 | 1.822 | |||||
| 3 | Benzene solubles
8-hr TWA | 0.57-2.43 | 1.3833 | 1.168 | ||||||
| Mopper | Spreading hot bitumen | 8 | Total particulates 1- to 5-hr TWA | 0.2-3.4 | ___ | ___ | Priha et al. (1980) | |||
| 8 | Cyclohexane solubles | 0.2-2.9 | ___ | ___ | ||||||
| Mopper & Kettleman | Asphalt roofing | 6† | Total PAHs | 0.01453-
0.11245 | 0.033091 | 0.023 | Malaiyandi et al. (1982) | |||
| Kettleman | Asphalt heating & mopping | 1 | Cyclohexane solubles
1- to 3-hr TWA | ___ | 0.28 | 0.28 | Tharr (1982a) | |||
| Mopper | 2 | Cyclohexane solubles
1- to 3-hr TWA | 0.16 | 0.165 | 0.165 | |||||
| Laborer | Tear-off operations of an old asphalt roof | 9 | Cyclohexane solubles
=8-hr TWA | 0.09-2.3 | 0.47444 | 0.2198 | Tharr (1982b) | |||
| Paper roller | Asphalt roofing | 2 | Benzene solubles
2- to 5-hr TWA | 1.0-1.1 | 1.05 | 1.049 | Reed (1983) | |||
| Mopper | 1 | Benzene solubles
2- to 5-hr TWA | ___ | 0.9 | 0.9 | |||||
| Kettleman | 2 | Benzene solubles
2- to 5-hr TWA | 1.2-1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | |||||
| Kettleman | Kettle emissions & bitumen spreading | 2 | Total particulates 8-hr TWA | 4.1-6.4 | 5.3 | 5.122 | Brandt & Molyneus | |||
| 2 | Benzene solubles
8-hr TWA | 3.5-5.4 | 4.5 | 4.347 | ||||||
| Roofer | 7 | Total particulates 8-hr TWA | 0.5-1.7 | 1.3 | ___ | |||||
| 7 | Benzene solubles
8-hr TWA | 0.2-1.1 | 0.7 | ___ | ||||||
| Roof-level workers (laborer, mopper, carrier, etc) | Application of an asphalt built-up roof | 16 | Acetonitrile solubles
=8-hr TWA | 0.04-2.7 | 0.34375 | 0.164 | Carson (1986) | |||
| Ground-level workers (kettleman) | 3 | Acetonitrile solubles
=8-hr TWA | 0.04-0.83 | 0.4933 | 0.273 | |||||
| Laborer | Tear-off operations of an old asphalt roof (petroleum pitch) | 6 | Total particulates
=3-hr TWA | 0.76-2.84 | 1.8633 | 1.724 | Reed (1986) | |||
| 6 | Benzene solubles
=4-hr TWA | ND-0.32 | 0.11 | 0.0096 | ||||||
| Various (kettleman, laborer, etc) | Application of asphalt roof | 28 | Benzene solubles
=4- to 8-hr TWA | ND-1.44 | 0.38753 | 0.178 | Zey et al (1988) | |||
| Application of Koppers roof | 10 | Benzene solubles
4- to 8-hr TWA | ND-1.89 | 1.9 | 0.0126 | |||||
| Roofer | Roofing operation (temperature of product at fume source from 325-600F) | 12 | Total particulates 6-hr TWA | 0.04-2.2 | 0.58 | 0.36 | AI (1991) | |||
| 12 | Benzene solubles
6-hr TWA | 0.011-1.7 | 0.45 | 0.19 | ||||||
| Laborer | 5 | Total particulates 6-hr TWA | 0.21-0.91 | 0.47 | 0.38 | |||||
| 5 | Benzene solubles
6-hr TWA | 0.17-0.62 | 0.34 | 0.3 | ||||||
| Mechanic | 7 | Total particulates 6-hr TWA | 0.24-1.2 | 0.65 | 0.54 | |||||
| 7 | Benzene solubles
6-hr TWA | <0.078-1.8 | 0.49 | 0.26 | ||||||
| Felt machine operator | 7 | Total particulates 6-hr TWA | 0.57-2.5 | 1.3 | 1.0 | |||||
| 7 | Benzene solubles
6-hr TWA | 0.046-2.4 | 0.53 | 0.21 | ||||||
| Kettleman | 4 | Total particulates 6-hr TWA | 0.36-1.6 | 1.2 | 1.0 | |||||
| 4 | Benzene solubles
6-hr TWA | 0.14-1.2 | 0.89 | 0.67 | ||||||
| Mopper | 3 | Total particulates 6-hr TWA | 0.27-1.2 | 0.63 | 0.51 | |||||
| 3 | Benzene solubles
6-hr TWA | <0.085-0.75 | 0.33 | |||||||
*Concentrations are reported as milligrams of asphalt fumes per cubic meter of air (mg/m3) in personal samples, except for those figures marked with an (†) ) which were area samples.
†Area
sample
Web page last updated on August 15, 2005
