[[pp. 51197-51246]]

[Federal Register: October 5, 2001 (Volume 66, Number 194)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Page 51197-51246]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr05oc01-55]

[[pp. 51197-51246]]
Control of Emissions From Nonroad Large Spark Ignition Engines
and Recreational Engines (Marine and Land-Based)

[[Continued from page 51196]]

[[Page 51197]]

showing emission levels at or below the standards in Sec. 1048.101(a)
through (c).
(b) Your engine family does not comply if any emission-data engine
representing that family has test results showing emission levels above
the standards from Sec. 1048.101(a) through (c) for any pollutant.
(c) To compare emission levels from the test engine with the
emission standards, apply deterioration factors to the measured
emission levels. The deterioration factor is a number that shows the
relationship between exhaust emissions at the end of useful life and at
the low-hour test point. Specify the deterioration factors based on
emission measurements, using three decimal places. Deterioration
factors must be consistent with emission increases observed from in-use
testing with similar engines (see subpart E of this part). Small-volume
manufacturers may use assigned deterioration factors established by
EPA. Apply the deterioration factors as follows:
(1) For engines that use aftertreatment technology, such as
catalytic converters, the deterioration factor is the ratio of exhaust
emissions at the end of useful life to exhaust emissions at the low-
hour test point. Adjust the official emission results for each tested
engine at the selected test point by multiplying the measured emissions
by the deterioration factor. If the factor is less than one, use one.
(2) For engines that do not use aftertreatment technology, the
deterioration factor is the difference between exhaust emissions at the
end of useful life and exhaust emissions at the low-hour test point.
Adjust the official emission results for each tested engine at the
selected test point by adding the factor to the measured emissions. If
the factor is less than zero, use zero.
(d) After adjusting the emission levels for deterioration, round
them to the same number of decimal places as the standard. Compare the
rounded emission levels to the emission standard for each test engine.

Sec. 1048.245 What records must I keep and make available to EPA?

(a) Organize and maintain the following records to keep them
readily available; we may review these records at any time:
(1) A copy of all applications and any summary information you sent
us.
(2) Any of the information we specify in Sec. 1048.205 that you did
not include in your application.
(3) A detailed history of each emission-data engine. In each
history, describe all of the following:
(i) The test engine's construction, including its origin and
buildup, steps you took to ensure that it represents production
engines, any components you built specially for it, and all emission-
related components.
(ii) How you accumulated engine operating hours, including the
dates and the number of hours accumulated.
(iii) All maintenance (including modifications, parts changes, and
other service) and the dates and reasons for the maintenance.
(iv) All your emission tests, including documentation on routine
and standard tests, as specified in part 1065 of this chapter, and the
date and purpose of each test.
(v) All tests to diagnose engine or emission-control performance,
giving the date and time of each and the reasons for the test.
(vi) Any other significant events.
(b) Keep data from routine emission tests (such as test cell
temperatures and relative humidity readings) for one year after we
issue the associated certificate of conformity. Keep all other
information specified in paragraph (a) of this section for eight years
after we issue your certificate.
(c) Store these records in any format and on any media, as long as
you can promptly send us organized, written records in English if we
ask for them.
(d) Send us copies of any engine maintenance instructions or
explanations if we ask for them.

Sec. 1048.250 When may EPA deny, revoke, or void my certificate of
conformity?

(a) We may deny your application for certification if your
emission-data engines fail to comply with emission standards or other
requirements. Our decision may be based on any information available to
us. If we deny your application, we will explain why in writing.
(b) In addition, we may deny your application or revoke your
certificate if you do any of the following:
(1) Refuse to comply with any testing or reporting requirements.
(2) Submit false or incomplete information (paragraph (d) of this
section applies if this is fraudulent).
(3) Render inaccurate any test data.
(4) Deny us from completing authorized activities despite our
presenting a warrant or court order (see Sec. 1068.20 of this chapter).
(5) Produce engines for importation into the United States at a
location where local law prohibits us from carrying out authorized
activities.
(c) We may void your certificate if you do not keep the records we
require or do not give us information when we ask for it.
(d) We may void your certificate if we find that you committed
fraud to get it. This means intentionally submitting false or
incomplete information.
(e) If we deny your application or revoke or void your certificate,
you may ask for a hearing (see Sec. 1048.720). Any such hearing will be
limited to substantial and factual issues.

Subpart D--Testing Production-line Engines

Sec. 1048.301 When must I test my production-line engines?

(a) If you produce engines that are subject the requirements of
this part, you must test them as described in this subpart.
(b) We may suspend or revoke your certificate of conformity for
certain engine families if your production-line engines do not meet
emission standards or you do not fulfill your obligations under this
subpart (see Secs. 1048.325 and 1048.340).
(c) The requirements of this part do not affect our ability to do
selective enforcement audits, as described in part 1068 of this
chapter.
(d) You may ask to use an alternate program for testing production-
line engines. In your request, you must show us that the alternate
program gives equal assurance that your production-line engines meet
the requirements of this part. If we approve your alternate program, we
may waive some or all of this part's requirements.
(e) If you certify an engine family with carryover emission data,
as described in Sec. 1048.235(c), and these equivalent engine families
consistently meet the emission standards with production-line testing
over the preceding two-year period, you may ask for a reduced testing
rate for further production-line testing for that family. The minimum
testing rate is one engine per engine family. If we reduce your testing
rate, we may limit our approval to a single model year.
(f) We may ask you to make a reasonable number of production-line
engines available for a reasonable time so we can test or inspect them
for compliance with the requirements of this part.

Sec. 1048.305 How must I prepare and test my production-line engines?

(a) Test procedures. Test your production-line engines using either
the steady-state or transient testing procedures in subpart F of this
part to show you meet the emission standards in Sec. 1048.101 (a) or
(b), respectively. We may require you to test engines using the
transient testing procedures to show

[[Page 51198]]

you meet the emission standards in Sec. 1048.101(b).
(b) Modifying a test engine. Once an engine is selected for testing
(see Sec. 1048.310), you may adjust, repair, prepare, or modify it or
check its emissions only if one of the following is true:
(1) You document the need for doing so in your procedures for
assembling and inspecting all your production engines and make the
action routine for all the engines in the engine family.
(2) This subpart otherwise specifically allows your action.
(3) We approve your action in advance.
(c) Engine malfunction. If an engine malfunction prevents further
emission testing, ask us to approve your decision to either repair the
engine or delete it from the test sequence.
(d) Setting adjustable parameters. Before any test, we may adjust
or require you to adjust any adjustable parameter to any setting within
its physically adjustable range.
(1) We may adjust idle speed outside the physically adjustable
range as needed until the engine has stabilized emission levels (see
paragraph (e) of this section). We may ask you for information needed
to establish an alternate minimum idle speed.
(2) We may make or specify adjustments within the physically
adjustable range by considering their effect on emission levels, as
well as how likely it is someone will make such an adjustment with in-
use engines.
(e) Stabilizing emission levels. Before you test production-line
engines, you may operate the engine to stabilize the emission levels.
Using good engineering judgment, operate your engines in a way that
represents the way production engines will be used. You may operate
each engine for no more than the greater of two periods:
(1) 50 hours.
(2) The number of hours you operated your emission-data engine for
certifying the engine family (see 40 CFR part 1065, subpart E).
(f) Damage during shipment. If shipping an engine to a remote
facility for production-line testing makes necessary an adjustment or
repair, you must wait until after the after the initial emission test
to do this work. We may waive this requirement if the test would be
impossible or unsafe, or if it would permanently damage the engine.
Report to us, in your written report under Sec. 1048.345, all
adjustments or repairs you make on test engines before each test.
(g) Retesting after invalid tests. You may retest an engine if you
determine an emission test is invalid. Explain in your written report
reasons for invalidating any test and the emission results from all
tests. If you retest an engine and, within ten days after testing, ask
to substitute results of the new tests for the original ones, we will
answer within ten days after we receive your information.

Sec. 1048.310 How must I select engines for production-line testing?

(a) Use test results from two engines for each engine family to
calculate the required sample size for the model year. Update this
calculation with each test.
(b) Early in each calendar quarter, randomly select and test two
engines from the end of the assembly line for each engine family.
(c) Calculate the required sample size for each engine family.
Separately calculate this figure for HC+NO_X and for CO. The
required sample size is the greater of these two calculated values. Use
the following equation:
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED] TP05OC01.003

Where:

N = Required sample size for the model year.
t₉₅ = 95% confidence coefficient, which depends on the
number of tests completed, n, as specified in the table in paragraph
(c)(1) of this section. It defines 95% confidence intervals for a one-
tail distribution.
x = Mean of emission test results of the sample.
STD = Emission standard.
s = Test sample standard deviation (see paragraph (c)(2) of
this section).

(1) Determine the 95% confidence coefficient, t₉₅, from
the following table:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
n t₉₅ n t₉₅ n t₉₅
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 6.31 12 1.80 22 1.72
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 2.92 13 1.78 23 1.72
------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 2.35 14 1.77 24 1.71
------------------------------------------------------------------------
5 2.13 15 1.76 25 1.71
------------------------------------------------------------------------
6 2.02 16 1.75 26 1.71
------------------------------------------------------------------------
7 1.94 17 1.75 27 1.71
------------------------------------------------------------------------
8 1.90 18 1.74 28 1.70
------------------------------------------------------------------------
9 1.86 19 1.73 29 1.70
------------------------------------------------------------------------
10 1.83 20 1.73 30+ 1.70
------------------------------------------------------------------------
11 1.81 21 1.72
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(2) Calculate the standard deviation, s, for the test
sample using the following formula:
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED] TP05OC01.004

Where:

X_i = Emission test result for an individual engine.
n = The number of tests completed in an engine family.

(d) Use final deteriorated test results to calculate the variables
in the equations in paragraph (c) of this section (see
Sec. 1048.315(a)).
(e) After each new test, recalculate the required sample size using
the updated mean values, standard deviations, and the appropriate 95%
confidence coefficient.

[[Page 51199]]

(f) Distribute the remaining engine tests evenly throughout the
rest of the year. You may need to adjust your schedule for selecting
engines if the required sample size changes. Continue to randomly
select engines from each engine family; this may involve testing
engines that operate on different fuels.
(g) Continue testing any engine family for which the sample mean,
x, is greater than the emission standard. This applies if the sample
mean for either HC+NO_X or for CO is greater than the
emission standard. Continue testing until one of the following things
happens:
(1) The sample size, n, for an engine family is greater than the
required sample size, N, and the sample mean, x, is less than or equal
to the emission standard.
(2) The engine family does not comply according to Sec. 1048.325.
(3) You test 30 engines from the engine family.
(4) You test one percent of your projected annual U.S.-directed
production volume for the engine family.
(5) You choose to declare that the engine family does not comply
with emission standards.
(h) You may elect to test more randomly chosen engines than we
require. Include these engines in the sample size calculations.

Sec. 1048.315 How do I know when my engine family does not comply?

(a) Calculate your test results. Round them to the number of
decimal places in the emission standard expressed to one more decimal
place.
(1) Initial and final test results. Calculate and round the test
results for each engine. If you do several tests on an engine,
calculate the initial test results, then add them together and divide
by the number of tests and round for the final test results on that
engine.
(2) Final deteriorated test results. Apply the deterioration factor
for the engine family to the final test results (see Sec. 1048.240(c)).
(b) Construct the following CumSum Equation for each engine family
(for HC+NO_X and for CO emissions):

C_i = C_i-1 + X_i - (STD + F)

Where:

C_i = The current CumSum statistic.
C_i-1 = The previous CumSum statistic. Prior to any testing,
the CumSum statistic is 0 (i.e. C₀ = 0).
X_i = The current emission test result for an individual
engine.
STD = Emission standard.
F = 0.25 x s

(c) Use final deteriorated test results to calculate the variables
in the equation in paragraph (b) of this section (see
Sec. 1048.315(a)).
(d) After each new test, recalculate the CumSum statistic.
(e) If you test more than the required number of engines, include
the results from these additional tests in the CumSum Equation.
(f) After each test, compare the current CumSum statistic,
C_i, to the recalculated Action Limit, H, defined as H = 5.0
x s.
(g) If the CumSum statistic exceeds the Action Limit in two
consecutive tests, the engine family does not comply with the
requirements of this part. Tell us within ten working days if this
happens.
(h) If you amend the application for certification for an engine
family (see Sec. 1048.225), do not change any previous calculations of
sample size or CumSum statistics for the model year.

Sec. 1048.320 What happens if one of my production-line engines fails
to meet emission standards?

(a) If you have a production-line engine with final deteriorated
test results exceeding one or more emission standards (see
Sec. 1048.315(a)), the certificate of conformity is automatically
suspended for that failing engine. You must take the following actions
before your certificate of conformity can cover that engine:
(1) Correct the problem and retest the engine to show it complies
with all emission standards.
(2) Include in your written report a description of the test
results and the remedy for each engine (see Sec. 1048.345).
(b) You may at any time ask for a hearing to determine whether the
tests and sampling methods were proper (see Sec. 1048.720).

Sec. 1048.325 What happens if an engine family does not comply?

(a) We may suspend your certificate of conformity for an engine
family if it fails to comply under Sec. 1048.315. The suspension may
apply to all facilities producing engines from an engine family, even
if you find noncompliant engines only at one facility.
(b) We will tell you in writing if we suspend your certificate in
whole or in part. We will not suspend a certificate until at least 15
days after the engine family became noncompliant. The suspension is
effective when you receive our notice.
(c) Up to 15 days after we suspend the certificate for an engine
family, you may ask for a hearing to determine whether the tests and
sampling methods were proper (see Sec. 1048.720). If we agree before a
hearing that we used erroneous information in deciding to suspend the
certificate, we will reinstate the certificate.

Sec. 1048.330 May I sell engines from an engine family with a
suspended certificate of conformity?

You may sell engines that you produce after we suspend the engine
family's certificate of conformity under Sec. 1048.315 only if one of
the following occurs:
(a) You test each engine you produce and show it complies with
emission standards that apply.
(b) We conditionally reinstate the certificate for the engine
family. We may do so if you agree to recall all the affected engines
and remedy any noncompliance at no expense to the owner if later
testing shows that the engine family still does not comply.

Sec. 1048.335 How do I ask EPA to reinstate my suspended certificate?

(a) Send us a written report asking us to reinstate your suspended
certificate. In your report, identify the reason for noncompliance,
propose a remedy, and commit to a date for carrying it out. In your
proposed remedy include any quality control measures you propose to
keep the problem from happening again.
(b) Give us data from production-line testing that shows the
remedied engine family complies with all the emission standards that
apply.

Sec. 1048.340 When may EPA revoke my certificate under this subpart
and how may I sell these engines again?

(a) We may revoke your certificate for an engine family in the
following cases:
(1) You do not meet the reporting requirements.
(2) Your engine family fails to meet emission standards and your
proposed remedy to address a suspended certificate under Sec. 1048.325
is inadequate to solve the problem or requires you to change the
engine's design or emission-control system.
(b) To sell engines from an engine family with a revoked
certificate of conformity, you must modify the engine family and then
show it complies with the requirements of this part.
(1) If we determine your proposed design change may not control
emissions for the engine's full useful life, we will tell you within
five working days after receiving your report. In this case we will
decide whether production-line testing will be enough for us to
evaluate the change or whether you need to do more testing.
(2) Unless we require more testing, you may show compliance by
testing production-line engines as described in this subpart.

[[Page 51200]]

(3) We will issue a new or updated certificate of conformity when
you have met these requirements.

Sec. 1048.345 What production-line testing records must I send to EPA?

(a) Within 30 calendar days of the end of each calendar quarter,
send us a report with the following information:
(1) Describe any facility used to test production-line engines and
state its location.
(2) State the total U.S.-directed production volume and number of
tests for each engine family.
(3) Describe how you randomly selected engines.
(4) Describe your test engines, including the engine family's
identification and the engine's model year, build date, model number,
identification number, and number of hours of operation before testing
for each test engine.
(5) Identify where you accumulated hours of operation on the
engines and describe the procedure and schedule you used.
(6) Provide the test number; the date, time and duration of
testing; test procedure; initial test results before and after
rounding; final test results; and final deteriorated test results for
all tests. Provide the emission results for all measured pollutants.
Include information for both valid and invalid tests and the reason for
any invalidation.
(7) Describe completely and justify any nonroutine adjustment,
modification, repair, preparation, maintenance, or test for the test
engine if you did not report it separately under this subpart. Include
the results of any emission measurements, regardless of the procedure
or type of equipment.
(8) Provide the CumSum analysis required in Sec. 1048.315 for each
engine family.
(9) Report on each failed engine as described in Sec. 1048.320.
(10) State the date the calendar quarter ended for each engine
family.
(b) We may ask you to add information to your written report, so we
can determine whether your new engines conform with the requirements of
this subpart.
(c) An authorized representative of your company must sign the
following statement:

We submit this report under Sections 208 and 213 of the Clean
Air Act. Our production-line testing conformed completely with the
requirements of 40 CFR part 1048. We have not changed production
processes or quality-control procedures for the engine family in a
way that might affect the emission control from production engines.
All the information in this report is true and accurate, to the best
of my knowledge. I know of the penalties for violating the Clean Air
Act and the regulations. (Authorized Company Representative)

(d) Send electronic reports of production-line testing to the
Designated Officer using an approved information format. If you want to
use a different format, send us a written request with justification
for a waiver.
(e) We will send copies of your reports to anyone from the public
who asks for them. We will not release information about your sales or
production volumes, which we will consider confidential under 40 CFR
part 2.

Sec. 1048.350 What records must I keep?

(a) Organize and maintain your records as described in this
section. We may review your records at any time, so it is important to
keep required information readily available.
(b) Keep paper records of your production-line testing for one full
year after you complete all the testing required for an engine family
in a model year. You may use any additional storage formats or media if
you like.
(c) Keep a copy of the written reports described in Sec. 1048.345.
(d) Keep the following additional records:
(1) A description of all test equipment for each test cell that you
can use to test production-line engines.
(2) The names of supervisors involved in each test.
(3) The name of anyone who authorizes adjusting, repairing,
preparing, or modifying a test engine and the names of all supervisors
who oversee this work.
(4) If you shipped the engine for testing, the date you shipped it,
the associated storage or port facility, and the date the engine
arrived at the testing facility.
(5) Any records related to your production-line tests that are not
in the written report.
(6) A brief description of any significant events during testing
not otherwise described in the written report or in this section.
(e) If we ask, you must give us projected or actual production
figures for an engine family. We may ask you to divide your production
figures by power rating, displacement, fuel type, or assembly plant (if
you produce engines at more than one plant).
(f) Keep a list of engine identification numbers for all the
engines you produce under each certificate of conformity. Give us this
list within 30 days if we ask for it.
(g) We may ask you to keep or send other information necessary to
implement this subpart.

Subpart E--Testing In-Use Engines

Sec. 1048.401 What testing requirements apply to my engines that have
gone into service?

(a) If you produce engines that are subject to the requirements of
this part, you must test them as described in this subpart. This
generally involves testing engines in the field or removing them for
measurement in a laboratory.
(b) We may suspend or revoke your certificate of conformity for an
engine family if in-use testing shows that the family fails to meet
emission standards (see Sec. 1048.420) or if you do not meet your
obligations under this part. You may use averaging, banking, or trading
of in-use emission credits to show that an engine family meets the
standards (see Sec. 1048.415).
(c) We may approve an alternate plan for showing that in-use
engines comply with the requirements of this part if one of the
following is true:
(1) You produce 200 or fewer engines per year in the selected
engine family.
(2) Removing the engine from most of the applications for that
engine family causes significant, irreparable damage to the equipment.
(3) You identify a unique aspect of your engine applications that
keeps you from doing the required in-use testing.
(d) Independent of your responsibility to test in-use engines, we
may choose at any time to do our own testing of your in-use engines.

Sec. 1048.405 How does this program work?

(a) You must test in-use engines from the families we select. We
may select up to 25 percent of your engine families in any model year--
or one engine family if you have three or fewer families. We will
select engine families for testing before the end of the model year.
When we select an engine family for testing, we may specify that you
preferentially test engines based on fuel type or equipment type. In
addition, we may identify specific modes of operation or sampling
times.
(b) You may choose to test additional engine families that we do
not select. You must explain to us your rationale and propose a testing
plan if you want to generate in-use emission credits from this testing
(see Sec. 1048.415). You may begin testing these engines 30 days after
you propose your testing plan or after we approve it, whichever comes
first.
(c) Send us an in-use testing plan within 12 calendar months after
we direct you to test a particular engine

[[Page 51201]]

family. Complete the testing within 24 calendar months after we approve
your plan.
(d) You may need to test engines from more than one model year at a
given time.

Sec. 1048.410 How must I select, prepare, and test my in-use engines?

(a) You may make arrangements to select representative test engines
from your own fleet or from other independent sources.
(b) For the selected engine families, select engines that you or
your customers have--
(1) Operated for at least 50 percent of the engine family's useful
life (see Sec. 1048.101(d));
(2) Not maintained or used in an abnormal way; and
(3) Documented in terms of total hours of operation, maintenance,
operating conditions, and storage.
(c) Use the following methods to determine the number of engines
you must test in each engine family:
(1) Test at least two engines if you produce 2,000 or fewer engines
in the model year from all engine families, or if you produce 500 or
fewer engines from the selected engine family. Otherwise, test at least
four engines.
(2) If you successfully complete an in-use test program on an
engine family and later certify an equivalent engine family with
carryover emission data, as described in Sec. 1048.235(c), then test at
least one engine instead of the testing rates in paragraph (c)(1) of
this section.
(3) If you test the minimum required number of engines and all
comply fully with emission standards, you may stop testing.
(4) For each engine that fails any applicable standard, test two
more. Regardless of measured emission levels, you do not have to test
more than ten engines in an engine family. You may do more tests than
we require.
(5) You may concede that the engine family does not comply before
testing a total of ten engines.
(d) You may do minimal maintenance to set components of a test
engine to specifications for anything we do not consider an adjustable
parameter (see Sec. 1048.205(m)). Limit maintenance to what is in the
owner's instructions for engines with that amount of service and age.
Document all maintenance and adjustments.
(e) Do at least one valid emission test for each test engine.
(f) For a test program on an engine family, choose one of the
following methods to test your engines:
(1) Remove the selected engines for testing in a laboratory. Use
the applicable steady-state and transient procedures in subpart F of
this part to show compliance with the duty-cycle standards in
Sec. 1048.101(a) and (b). We may direct you to measure emissions on the
dynamometer using the supplemental test procedures in Sec. 1048.515 to
show compliance with the field-testing standards in Sec. 1048.101(c).
(2) Test the selected engines while they remain installed in the
equipment. Use the field testing procedures in subpart F of this part.
Measure emissions during normal operation of the equipment to show
compliance with the field-testing standards in Sec. 1048.101(c). We may
direct you to include specific areas of normal operation.
(g) You may ask us to waive parts of the prescribed test procedures
if they are not necessary to determine in-use compliance.
(h) Calculate the average emission levels for an engine family from
the results for the set of tested engines. Round them to the number of
decimal places in the emission standards expressed to one more decimal
place.

Sec. 1048.415 How can I use in-use emission credits?

(a) You may include all engines subject to this part in the
voluntary in-use credit program; however, you may generate or use
emission credits under this program only if you measure emissions using
the transient duty-cycle procedures in Subpart F of this part.
(b) If your average emission level for a family is lower than the
emission standard, you may generate positive emission credits for any
of three purposes:
(1) Averaging. Use these emission credits for averaging in the same
model year. If you want to test other engine families to generate
additional credits, file your request and plan with us for approval
(See Sec. 1048.405).
(2) Banking. Reserve a positive balance of unused credits at the
end of the model year for banking and then ``withdraw'' them for a
later model year.
(3) Trading. Sell your banked credits to another manufacturer or a
broker for engines that are also subject to the requirements of this
part. A manufacturer may use purchased credits for averaging, banking,
or further trading.
(c) You may use emission credits for banking or trading beginning
30 days after you submit the last report required for a model year. We
may correct any errors in calculating banked credits, but we may revoke
some or all in-use emission credits if we discover problems or errors
in calculating or reporting them.
(d) If your average emission level for a family is higher than the
emission standard, you must calculate the negative or required credits
for that engine family and use positive emission credits to offset
them. You have until the date of the last report required for a model
year to complete credit exchanges, so you can show a zero or positive
credit balance.
(e) You may not generate positive emission credits for an engine
family if it has an average emission level higher than the emission
standard for any other pollutant.
(f) In-use emission credits expire after three model years. For
example, emission credits you generate with 2007 model year engines are
available for showing compliance with 2010 model year engines, but not
with 2011 model year engines.
(g) For in-use emission credit trading that results in a negative
credit balance, both the buyer and seller are liable, except in cases
involving fraud. If a credit buyer is not responsible for causing the
negative credit balance, the buyer is only liable to supply additional
credits equivalent to any amount of invalid credits involved. If your
engine families are involved in a negative trade, we order you to
recall those engines.
(h) Calculate positive and negative emission credits according to
the following equation and round the results to the nearest metric ton:

CREDITS = SALES x (STD - CL) x POWER x AF x LF x UL x
10-6

Where:

CREDITS = Emission credits in metric tons.
SALES = The number of eligible sales, tracked to the point of first
retail sale in the U.S., for the given engine family during the model
year.
STD = The emission standard in g/kW-hr.
CL = Average emission level for an in-use testing family in g/kW-hr.
UL= Useful life in hours (see Sec. 1048.101(d)).
POWER = The sales-weighted average rated power for an engine family in
kW.
LF = Load factor or fraction of rated engine power utilized in use; use
0.50 for constant-speed engines and 0.32 for all other engines.
AF = Adjustment factor for the number of tests you do, as shown in the
table in paragraph (i) of this section; this factor is 1.0 if the
engine family has an average emission level higher than the emission
standard for any pollutant.

[[Page 51202]]

(i) Use the following table for the adjustment factor in the
equation in paragraph (h) of this section:

Table 1 of Sec. 1048.415.--Adjustment Factors for In-use Credit
Calculation
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Adjustment
factor for
Number of engines tested positive
credits
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.......................................................... 0.45
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.......................................................... 0.45
------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.......................................................... 0.45
------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.......................................................... 0.56
------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.......................................................... 0.68
------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.......................................................... 0.74
------------------------------------------------------------------------
8.......................................................... 0.81
------------------------------------------------------------------------
9.......................................................... 0.86
------------------------------------------------------------------------
10+........................................................ 0.90
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec. 1048.420 What happens if my in-use engines do not meet
requirements?

(a) Determine the reason each in-use engine exceeds the emission
standards.
(b) If the average emission levels calculated in Sec. 1048.410(h)
exceed any of the emission standards that apply, the engine family is
noncompliant. Section 1048.415 describes how you can use in-use
averaging, banking, or trading to show that your engine families comply
with the standards. Determine the reasons any engine family does not
comply and notify us within fifteen days of completing testing on this
family.
(c) If you voluntarily test more engine families and these engines
do not comply with emission standards, you must treat the family as
though it failed under the in-use testing program we direct.
(d) You may voluntarily recall an engine family for emission
failures, as described in Sec. 1068.535 of this chapter, unless we have
ordered a recall for that family under Sec. 1068.505 of this chapter.
(e) We will consider failure rates, average emission levels, and
any defects--among other things--to decide on taking remedial action
under this subpart. We may order a recall before or after you complete
testing of an engine family if we determine a substantial number of
engines do not conform to section 213 of the Act or to this part.
(f) You have the right to a hearing before we suspend or revoke
your engine family's certificate of conformity (see Sec. 1048.720).

Sec. 1048.425 What in-use testing information must I report to EPA?

(a) In a report to us within three months after you finish testing
an engine family, do all the following:
(1) Identify the engine family, model, serial number, and date of
manufacture.
(2) For each engine inspected or considered for testing, identify
whether the diagnostic system was functioning.
(3) Describe the specific reasons for disqualifying any engines for
not being properly maintained or used.
(4) For each engine selected for testing, include the following
information:
(i) Estimate the hours each engine was used before testing.
(ii) Describe all maintenance, adjustments, modifications, and
repairs to each test engine.
(5) State the date and time of each test attempt.
(6) Include the results of all emission testing, including
incomplete or invalidated tests, if any.
(b) Notify us separately of any engine families that do not meet
emission standards, as described in Sec. 1048.420.
(c) If you participate in the in-use credit program, send us a
report within 90 days after completing all in-use testing for the model
year. If we do not receive this report on time, we will treat the
results of your in-use testing without considering credits. Include
required information in your report and show the calculated credits
from all your in-use testing for the model year.
(d) If you or we determine a previous report had errors, you must
recalculate your credits. We will void any erroneous positive credits
and may adjust any erroneous negative credits. Do not recalculate your
credits when you update your sales information for in-use testing,
unless you made an error in estimating the number of engines you
export.
(e) Send electronic reports of in-use testing to the Designated
Officer using an approved information format. If you want to use a
different format, send us a written request with justification for a
waiver.
(f) We will send copies of your reports to anyone from the public
who asks for them. We will not release information about your sales or
production volumes, which is all we will consider confidential.
(g) We may ask for more information.

Sec. 1048.430 What records must I keep?

Subpart F--Test Procedures

Sec. 1048.501 What procedures must I use to test my engines?

(a) Use the equipment and procedures for spark-ignition engines in
part 1065 of this chapter to show your engines meet the duty-cycle
emission standards in Sec. 1048.101(a) and (b). Measure HC,
NO_X, CO, and CO2 emissions using the dilute sampling
procedures in part 1065 of this chapter. Use the applicable duty cycles
in Secs. 1048.505 and 1048.510.
(b) We describe in Sec. 1048.515 the supplemental procedures for
showing that your engines meet the field-testing emission standards in
Sec. 1048.101(c).
(c) Use the fuels specified in 40 CFR part 1065, subpart C, for all
the testing and service accumulation we require in this part.
(d) You may use special or alternate procedures, as described in
Sec. 1065.10 of this chapter.
(e) We may reject data you generate using alternate procedures if
later testing with the procedures in part 1065 of this chapter shows
contradictory emission data.

Sec. 1048.505 What steady-state duty cycles apply for laboratory
testing?

(a) Measure emissions by testing the engine on a dynamometer with
one or both of the following sets of steady-state duty cycles:
(1) Use the 5-mode duty cycle described in the following table if
you certify an engine family for operation only at a single, rated
speed:

[[Page 51203]]

Table 1 of Sec. 1048.505.--5-Mode Duty Cycle for Constant-Speed Engines \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimum
time in Weighting
Mode No. Engine speed Torque mode factors
(minutes)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1....................................... Maximum test................... 100 5.0 0.05
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2....................................... Maximum test................... 75 5.0 0.25
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3....................................... Maximum test................... 50 5.0 0.30
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4....................................... Maximum test................... 25 5.0 0.30
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5....................................... Maximum test................... 10 5.0 0.10
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ This duty cycle is analogous to the D2 cycle specified in ISO 8178-4.

(2) Use the 7-mode duty cycle described in the following table for
engines from an engine family that will be used only in variable-speed
applications:

Table 2 of Sec. 1048.505.--7-Mode Duty Cycle \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimum
Observed time in Weighting
Mode No. Engine speed torque \2\ mode factors
(minutes)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1....................................... Maximum test speed............. 25 5.0 0.06
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2....................................... Intermediate test speed........ 100 5.0 0.02
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3....................................... Intermediate test speed........ 75 5.0 0.05
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4....................................... Intermediate test speed........ 50 5.0 0.32
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5....................................... Intermediate test speed........ 25 5.0 0.30
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6....................................... Intermediate test speed........ 10 5.0 0.10
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7....................................... Idle........................... 0 5.0 0.15
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ This duty cycle is analogous to the C2 cycle specified in ISO 8178-4.
\2\ The percent torque is relative to the maximum torque at the given engine speed.

(3) Use both of the duty cycles described in paragraphs (a)(1) and
(a)(2) of this section if you will not restrict an engine family to
constant-speed or variable-speed applications.
(b) If we test an engine to confirm that it meets the duty-cycle
emission standards, we will use the duty cycles that apply for that
engine family.
(c) During idle mode, operate the engine with the following
parameters:
(1) Hold the speed within your specifications.
(2) Keep the throttle fully closed.
(3) Keep engine torque under 5 percent of the peak torque value at
maximum test speed.
(d) For the full-load operating mode, operate the engine at its
maximum fueling rate.
(e) See part 1065 of this chapter for detailed specifications of
tolerances and calculations.

Sec. 1048.510 What transient duty cycles apply for laboratory testing?

(a) Starting with the 2007 model year, measure emissions by testing
the engine on a dynamometer with one of the following transient duty
cycles:
(1) If you certify an engine family for constant-speed operation
only, use the transient duty-cycle described in Appendix I of this
part.
(2) For all other engines, use the transient duty-cycle described
in Appendix II of this part.
(b) If we test an engine to confirm that it meets the duty-cycle
emission standards, we will use the duty cycle that applies for that
engine family.
(c) To warm up the engine, operate it for the first 180 seconds of
the appropriate duty cycle, then allow it to idle without load for 30
seconds. At the end of the 30-second idling period, start measuring
emissions as the engine operates over the prescribed duty cycle.

Sec. 1048.515 Field-testing procedures.

(a) This section describes the procedures to show that your engines
meet the field-testing emission standards in Sec. 1048.101(c). These
procedures may include any normal engine operation and ambient
conditions that the engines may experience in use. Paragraph (c) of
this section defines the limits of what we will consider normal engine
operation and ambient conditions. Measure emissions with one of the
following procedures.
(1) Remove the selected engines for testing in a laboratory. This
generally involves the same equipment and sampling methods we specify
in Sec. 1048.501(a). You can use the engine dynamometer to simulate
normal operation, as described in this section.
(2) Test the selected engines while they remain installed in the
equipment. Part 1065, subpart J, of this chapter describes the
equipment and sampling methods for testing engines in the field. Use
fuel meeting the specifications of Sec. 1065.210 of this chapter or a
fuel typical of what you would expect the engine to use in service.
(b) Use the test procedures we specify in Sec. 1048.501, except for
the provisions we specify in this section.
(c) To comply with the emission standards in Sec. 1048.101(c), an
engine's

[[Page 51204]]

emissions may not exceed the levels we specify in Sec. 1048.101(c) for
any continuous sampling period of at least 120 seconds under the
following ranges of operation and operating conditions:
(1) Engine operation during the emission sampling period may
include any normal operation, subject to the following restrictions:
(i) Average power must be over 5 percent of rated power.
(ii) Continuous time at idle must not be greater than 120 seconds.
(iii) The sampling period may not begin until the engine has
reached stable operating temperatures. For example, this would exclude
engine operation after starting until the thermostat starts modulating
coolant temperature.
(iv) The sampling period may not include engine starting.
(v) For gasoline-fueled engines, operation at 90 percent or more of
maximum power must be less than 10 percent of the total sampling time.
You may request our approval for a different power threshold.
(2) Engine testing may occur under any normal conditions without
correcting measured emission levels, subject to the following
restrictions:
(i) Barometric pressure must be between 600 and 775 mm Hg.
(ii) Ambient air temperature must be between 13 deg. and 35 deg. C.

Subpart G--Compliance Provisions

Sec. 1048.601 What compliance provisions apply to these engines?

Engine and equipment manufacturers, as well as owners, operators,
and rebuilders of these engines, and all other persons, must observe
the requirements and prohibitions in part 1068 of this chapter. The
compliance provisions in this subpart apply only to the engines we
regulate in this part.

Sec. 1048.605 What are the provisions for exempting engines from the
requirements of this part if they are already certified under the
motor-vehicle program?

(a) This section applies to you if you are an engine manufacturer.
See Sec. 1048.610 if you are not an engine manufacturer.
(b) The only requirements or prohibitions from this part that apply
to an engine that is exempt under this section are in this section.
(c) If you meet all the following criteria regarding your new
engine, it is exempt under this section:
(1) You must produce it by modifying an engine covered by a valid
certificate of conformity under 40 CFR part 86.
(2) You must not make any changes to the certified engine that we
could reasonably expect to increase its exhaust or evaporative
emissions. For example, if you make any of the following changes to one
of these engines, you do not qualify for this exemption:
(i) Change any fuel system or evaporative system parameters from
the certified configuration (this does not apply to refueling emission
controls).
(ii) Change any other emission-related components.
(iii) Modify or design the engine cooling system so that
temperatures or heat rejection rates are outside the original engine
manufacturer's specified ranges.
(3) You must make sure the engine still has the label we require
under 40 CFR part 86.
(4) You must make sure that fewer than 50 percent of the engine
model's total sales, from all companies, are used in nonroad
applications..
(d) If you produce both the engine and vehicle under this
exemption, you must do all of the following to keep the exemption
valid:
(1) Make sure the original engine label is intact.
(2) Add a permanent supplemental label to the engine in a position
where it will remain clearly visible after installation in the
equipment. In your engine label, do the following:
(i) Include the heading: ``Nonroad Engine Emission Control
Information''.
(ii) Include your full corporate name and trademark.
(iii) State: ``THIS ENGINE WAS ADAPTED FOR NONROAD USE WITHOUT
AFFECTING ITS EMISSION CONTROLS.''.
(iv) State the date you finished modifying the engine (month and
year).
(3) Make sure the original and supplemental labels are readily
visible after the engine is installed in the equipment or, if equipment
obscures the engine's labels, make sure the equipment manufacturer
attaches duplicate labels, as described in Sec. 1068.105 of this
chapter.
(4) Send the Designated Officer a signed letter by the end of each
calendar year (or less often if we tell you) with all the following
information:
(i) Identify your full corporate name, address, and telephone
number.
(ii) List the engine models you expect to produce under this
exemption in the coming year.
(iii) State: ``We produce each listed engine model for nonroad
application without making any changes that could increase its
certified emission levels, as described in 40 CFR 1048.605.''.
(e) If your engines do not meet the criteria listed in paragraph
(c) of this section, they will be subject to the standards and
prohibitions of this part. Producing these engines without a valid
exemption or certificate of conformity would violate the prohibitions
in Sec. 1068.101 of this chapter.
(f) If you are the original manufacturer of both the highway and
nonroad versions of an exempted engine, you must send us emission test
data on the applicable nonroad duty cycle(s) (see Secs. 1048.505 and
1048.510). You may include the data in your application for
certification or in your letter requesting the exemption.
(g) If you are the original manufacturer of an exempted engine that
is modified by another company under this exemption, we may require you
to send us emission test data on the applicable nonroad duty cycle(s).
If we ask for this data, we will allow a reasonable amount of time to
collect it.
(h) Make sure the engine exempted under this section meets all
applicable requirements from 40 CFR part 86. This applies to engine
manufacturers, equipment manufacturers who use these engines, and all
other persons as if these engines were used in a motor vehicle.

Sec. 1048.610 What are the provisions for producing nonroad equipment
with engines already certified under the motor-vehicle program?

If you are not an engine manufacturer, you may produce nonroad
equipment from complete or incomplete motor vehicles with the motor
vehicle engine if you meet three criteria:
(a) The engine or vehicle is certified to 40 CFR part 86.
(b) The engine is not adjusted outside the manufacturer's
specifications.
(c) The engine or vehicle is not modified in any way that may
affect its emission control. This applies to exhaust and evaporative
emission controls, but not refueling emission controls.

Sec. 1048.615 What are the provisions for exempting engines designed
for lawn and garden applications?

This section is intended for engines designed for lawn and garden
applications, but it applies to any engines meeting the size criteria
in paragraph (a) of this section.
(a) If an engine meets all the following criteria, it is exempt
from the requirements of this part:
(1) The engine must have a total displacement of 1,000 cc or less.
(2) The engine must have a rated power at or below 30 kW.
(3) The engine must be in an engine family that has a valid
certificate of conformity showing that it meets emission standards for
Class II engines under 40 CFR part 90.

[[Page 51205]]

(b) The only requirements or prohibitions from this part that apply
to an engine that is exempt under this section are in this section.
(c) If your engines do not meet the criteria listed in paragraph
(a) of this section, they will be subject to the provisions of this
part. Producing these engines without a valid exemption or certificate
of conformity would violate the prohibitions in Sec. 1068.101 of this
chapter.
(d) Engines exempted under this section are subject to all the
requirements affecting engines under 40 CFR part 90. The requirements
and restrictions of 40 CFR part 90 apply to anyone manufacturing these
engines, anyone manufacturing equipment that uses these engines, and
all other persons in the same manner as if these engines had a total
rated power at or below 19 kW.

Subpart H--Definitions and Other Reference Information

Sec. 1048.701 What definitions apply to this part?

The following definitions apply to this part. The definitions apply
to all subparts unless we note otherwise. All undefined terms have the
meaning the Act gives to them. The definitions follow:
Act means the Clean Air Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
Adjustable parameter means any device, system, or element of design
that someone can adjust (including those which are difficult to access)
and that, if adjusted, may affect emissions or engine performance
during emission testing or normal in-use operation.
Aftertreatment means relating to any system, component, or
technology mounted downstream of the exhaust valve or exhaust port
whose design function is to reduce exhaust emissions.
Aircraft means any vehicle capable of sustained air travel above
treetop heights.
All-terrain vehicle means a nonroad vehicle with three or more
wheels and a seat, designed for operation over rough terrain and
intended primarily for transportation. This includes both land-based
and amphibious vehicles.
Auxiliary emission-control device means any element of design that
senses temperature, engine rpm, motive speed, transmission gear,
atmospheric pressure, manifold pressure or vacuum, or any other
parameter to activate, modulate, delay, or deactivate the operation of
any part of the emission-control system. This also includes any other
feature that causes in-use emissions to be higher than those measured
under test conditions, except as we allow under this part.
Auxiliary marine engine means a marine engine not used for
propulsion.
Blue Sky Series engine means an engine meeting the requirements of
Sec. 1048.140.
Broker means any entity that facilitates a trade of emission
credits between a buyer and seller.
Calibration means the set of specifications and tolerances specific
to a particular design, version, or application of a component or
assembly capable of functionally describing its operation over its
working range.
Certification means obtaining a certificate of conformity for an
engine family that complies with the emission standards and
requirements in this part.
Compression-ignition means relating to a type of reciprocating,
internal-combustion engine that is not a spark-ignition engine.
Constant-speed engine means an engine governed to operate at a
single speed.
Crankcase emissions means airborne substances emitted to the
atmosphere from any part of the engine crankcase's ventilation or
lubrication systems. The crankcase is the housing for the crankshaft
and other related internal parts.
Designated Officer means the Manager, Engine Programs Group (6403-
J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave.,
Washington, DC 20460.
Emission-control system means any device, system, or element of
design that controls or reduces the regulated emissions from an engine.
Emission-data engine means an engine that is tested for
certification.
Emission-related maintenance means maintenance that substantially
affects emissions or is likely to substantially affect emissions
deterioration.
Engine family means a group of engines with similar emission
characteristics, as specified in Sec. 1048.230.
Engine manufacturer has the meaning given in section 216(1) of the
Act. In general, this term includes any person who manufactures an
engine for sale in the United States or otherwise introduces a new
engine into commerce in the United States. This includes importers.
Fuel system means all components involved in transporting,
metering, and mixing the fuel from the fuel tank to the combustion
chamber(s), including the fuel tank, fuel tank cap, fuel pump, fuel
filters, fuel lines, carburetor or fuel-injection components, and all
fuel-system vents.
Good engineering judgment has the meaning we give it in Sec. 1068.5
of this chapter.
High-cost warranted part means a component covered by the emission-
related warranty with a replacement cost (at the time of certification)
exceeding $400 (in 1998 dollars). Adjust this value using the most
recent annual average consumer price index information published by the
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. For this definition, replacement cost
includes the retail cost of the part plus labor and standard diagnosis.
Hydrocarbon (HC) means the hydrocarbon group on which the emission
standards are based for each fuel type. For gasoline- and LPG-fueled
engines, HC means total hydrocarbon (THC). For natural gas-fueled
engines, HC means nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC). For alcohol-fueled
engines, HC means total hydrocarbon equivalent (THCE).
Identification number means a unique specification (for example,
model number/serial number combination) that allows someone to
distinguish a particular engine from other similar engines.
Intermediate test speed has the meaning we give in Sec. 1065.515 of
this chapter.
Marine engine means an engine that someone installs or intends to
install on a marine vessel.
Marine vessel means a vehicle that is capable of operation in water
but is not capable of operation out of water. Amphibious vehicles are
not marine vessels.
Maximum test torque has the meaning we give in Sec. 1065.1000 of
this chapter.
Maximum test speed has the meaning we give in Sec. 1065.515 of this
chapter.
Model year means one of the following things:
(1) For freshly manufactured engines (see definition of ``new
nonroad engine,'' paragraph (1)), model year means one of the
following:
(i) Calendar year.
(ii) Your annual new model production period if it is different
than the calendar year. This must include January 1 of the calendar
year for which the model year is named. It may not begin before January
2 of the previous calendar year and it must end by December 31 of the
named calendar year.
(2) For an engine that is converted to a nonroad engine after being
placed into service in a motor vehicle, model year means the calendar
year in which the engine was originally produced (see definition of
``new nonroad engine,'' paragraph (2)).

[[Page 51206]]

(3) For a nonroad engine excluded under Sec. 1048.5 that is later
converted to operate in an application that is not excluded, model year
means the calendar year in which the engine was originally produced
(see definition of ``new nonroad engine,'' paragraph (3)).
(4) For engines that are not freshly manufactured but are installed
in new nonroad equipment, model year means the calendar year in which
the engine is installed in the new nonroad equipment (see definition of
``new nonroad engine,'' paragraph (4)).
(5) For an engine modified by an importer (not the original engine
manufacturer) who has a certificate of conformity for the imported
engine (see definition of ``new nonroad engine,'' paragraph (5)), model
year means one of the following:
(i) The calendar year in which the importer finishes modifying and
labeling the engine.
(ii) Your annual production period for producing engines if it is
different than the calendar year; follow the guidelines in paragraph
(1)(ii) of this definition.
(6) For an engine you import that does not meet the criteria in
paragraphs (1) through (5) of the definition of ``new nonroad engine,''
model year means the calendar year in which the manufacturer completed
the original assembly of the engine. In general, this applies to used
equipment that you import without conversion or major modification.
Motor vehicle has the meaning we give in Sec. 85.1703(a) of this
chapter. In general, motor vehicle means a self-propelled vehicle that
can transport one or more people or any material, but doesn't include
any of the following:
(1) Vehicles having a maximum ground speed over level, paved
surfaces no higher than 40 km per hour (25 miles per hour).
(2) Vehicles that lack features usually needed for safe, practical
use on streets or highways--for example, safety features required by
law, a reverse gear (except for motorcycles), or a differential.
(3) Vehicles whose operation on streets or highways would be
unsafe, impractical, or highly unlikely. Examples are vehicles with
tracks instead of wheels, very large size, or features associated with
military vehicles, such as armor or weaponry.
New nonroad engine means any of the following things:
(1) A freshly manufactured nonroad engine for which the ultimate
buyer has never received the equitable or legal title. The engine is no
longer new when the ultimate buyer receives this title or the product
is placed into service, whichever comes first.
(2) An engine originally manufactured as a motor vehicle engine
that is later intended to be used in a piece of nonroad equipment. The
engine is no longer new when it is placed into nonroad service.
(3) A nonroad engine that has been previously placed into service
in an application we exclude under Sec. 1048.5, where that engine is
installed in a piece of equipment for which these exclusions do not
apply. The engine is no longer new when it is placed into nonroad
service.
(4) An engine not covered by paragraphs (1) through (3) of this
definition that is intended to be installed in new nonroad equipment.
The engine is no longer new when the ultimate buyer receives a title
for the equipment or the product is placed into service, whichever
comes first.
(5) An imported nonroad engine covered by a certificate of
conformity issued under this part, where someone other than the
original manufacturer modifies the engine after its initial assembly
and holds the certificate. The engine is no longer new when it is
placed into nonroad service.
(6) An imported nonroad engine that is not covered by a certificate
of conformity issued under this part at the time of importation.
New nonroad equipment means either of the following things:
(1) A nonroad vehicle or other piece of equipment for which the
ultimate buyer has never received the equitable or legal title. The
product is no longer new when the ultimate buyer receives this title or
the product is placed into service, whichever comes first.
(2) An imported nonroad piece of equipment with an engine not
covered by a certificate of conformity issued under this part at the
time of importation and manufactured after the date for applying the
requirements of this part.
Noncompliant engine means an engine that was originally covered by
a certificate of conformity, but is not in the certified configuration
or otherwise does not comply with the conditions of the certificate.
Nonconforming engine means an engine not covered by a certificate
of conformity that would otherwise be subject to emission standards.
Nonmethane hydrocarbon means the difference between the emitted
mass of total hydrocarbons and the emitted mass of methane.
Nonroad means relating to nonroad engines.
Nonroad engine has the meaning given in Sec. 1068.25 of this
chapter. In general this means all internal-combustion engines except
motor vehicle engines, stationary engines, or engines used solely for
competition. This part does not apply to all nonroad engines (see
Sec. 1048.5).
Off-highway motorcycle means a two-wheeled vehicle with a nonroad
engine and a seat (excluding marine vessels and aircraft). Note:
highway motorcycles are regulated under 40 CFR part 86.
Oxides of nitrogen means nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide
(NO₂). Oxides of nitrogen are expressed quantitatively as if
the NO were in the form of NO₂ (assume a molecular weight
for oxides of nitrogen equivalent to that of NO₂).
Placed into service means used for its intended purpose.
Propulsion marine engine means a marine engine that moves a vessel
through the water or directs the vessel's movement.
Rated power means the maximum power an engine produces at maximum
test speed.
Revoke means to discontinue the certificate for an engine family.
If we revoke a certificate, you must apply for a new certificate before
continuing to produce the affected vehicles or engines. This does not
apply to vehicles or engines you no longer possess.
Round means to round numbers according to ASTM E29-93a, which is
incorporated by reference (see Sec. 1048.710), unless otherwise
specified.
Scheduled maintenance means adjusting, repairing, removing,
disassembling, cleaning, or replacing components or systems that is
periodically needed to keep a part from failing or malfunctioning. It
also may mean actions you expect are necessary to correct an overt
indication of failure or malfunction for which periodic maintenance is
not appropriate.
Snowmobile means a vehicle designed to operate outdoors only over
snow-covered ground, with a maximum width of 1.5 meters or less.
Spark-ignition means relating to a type of engine with a spark plug
(or other sparking device) and with operating characteristics
significantly similar to the theoretical Otto combustion cycle. Spark-
ignition engines usually use a throttle to regulate intake air flow to
control power during normal operation.
Stationary engine means an internal combustion engine that is
neither a nonroad engine, nor a motor-vehicle engine, nor an engine
used solely for competition (see the definition of nonroad engine in
Sec. 1068.25 of this

[[Page 51207]]

chapter). In general this includes fixed engines and all portable or
transportable engines that stay in a single site at a building,
structure, facility, or installation for at least a full year; this
does not include an engine installed in equipment that has the ability
to propel itself. For year-round sources, a full year is 12 consecutive
months. For seasonal sources, a full year is a full annual operating
period of at least three months. A seasonal source is a site with
engines operating only part of the year for at least two consecutive
years. If you replace an engine with one that does the same or similar
work in the same place, you may apply the previous engine's service to
your calculation for residence time.
Stoichiometry means the proportion of a mixture of air and fuel
such that the fuel is fully oxidized with no remaining oxygen. For
example, stoichiometric combustion in gasoline engines typically occurs
at an air-fuel mass ratio of about 14.7.
Suspend means to temporarily discontinue the certificate for an
engine family. If we suspend a certificate, you may not sell vehicles
or engines from that engine family unless we reinstate the certificate
or approve a new one.
Test engine means an engine in a test sample.
Test sample means the collection of engines selected from the
population of an engine family for emission testing.
Total hydrocarbon means the combined mass organic compounds
measured by our total hydrocarbon test procedure, expressed as a
hydrocarbon with a hydrogen-to-carbon mass ratio of 1.85:1.
Total hydrocarbon equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass
contributions of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons, alcohols and aldehydes,
or other organic compounds that are measured separately as contained in
a gas sample, expressed as petroleum-fueled engine hydrocarbons. The
hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the equivalent hydrocarbon is 1.85:1.
Ultimate buyer means ultimate purchaser.
Ultimate purchaser means, with respect to any new nonroad equipment
or new nonroad engine, the first person who in good faith purchases
such new nonroad equipment or new nonroad engine for purposes other
than resale.
United States means the States, the District of Columbia, the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the Trust
Territory of the Pacific Islands.
U.S.-directed production volume means the number of engine units,
subject to the requirements of this part, produced by a manufacturer
for which the manufacturer has a reasonable assurance that sale was or
will be made to ultimate buyers in the Unites States.
Useful life means the period during which the engine is designed to
properly function in terms of reliability and fuel consumption, without
being remanufactured, specified as a number of hours of operation or
calendar years. It is the period during which a new engine is required
to comply with all applicable emission standards.
Void means to invalidate a certificate or an exemption. If we void
a certificate, all the vehicles produced under that engine family for
that model year are considered noncompliant, and you are liable for
each vehicle produced under the certificate and may face civil or
criminal penalties or both. If we void an exemption, all the vehicles
produced under that exemption are considered uncertified (or
nonconforming), and you are liable for each vehicle produced under the
exemption and may face civil or criminal penalties or both. You may not
produce any additional vehicles using the voided exemption.
Volatile liquid fuel means any fuel other than diesel or biodiesel
that is a liquid at atmospheric pressure.

Sec. 1048.705 What symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations does this part
use?

The following symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations apply to this
part:

deg.C degrees Celsius.
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials.
cc cubic centimeters.
CO carbon monoxide.
CO2 carbon dioxide.
EPA Environmental Protection Agency.
g/kW-hr grams per kilowatt-hour.
LPG liquefied petroleum gas.
m meters.
mm Hg millimeters of mercury.
NMHC nonmethane hydrocarbons.
NO_X oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO2).
rpm revolutions per minute.
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers.
SI spark-ignition.
THC total hydrocarbon.
THCE total hydrocarbon equivalent.
U.S.C. United States Code.

Sec. 1048.710 What materials does this part reference?

We have incorporated by reference the documents listed in this
section. The Director of the Federal Register approved the
incorporation by reference as prescribed in 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR
part 51. Anyone may inspect copies at U.S. EPA, OAR, Air and Radiation
Docket and Information Center, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460
or Office of the Federal Register, 800 N. Capitol St., NW, 7th Floor,
Suite 700, Washington, DC.
(a) ASTM material. Table 1 of Sec. 1048.710 lists material from the
American Society for Testing and Materials that we have incorporated by
reference. The first column lists the number and name of the material.
The second column lists the sections of this part where we reference
it. The second column is for information only and may not include all
locations. Anyone may receive copies of these materials from American
Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA
19103. Table 1 follows:

Table 1 of Sec. 1048.710.--ASTM Materials
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document No. and name Part reference
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ASTM E29-93a, Standard Practice for Using 1048.240, 1048.315,
Significant Digits in Test Data to 1048.345, 1048.410,
Determine Conformance with Specifications. 1048.415
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(b) ISO material. Table 2 of Sec. 1048.710 lists material from the
International Organization for Standardization that we have
incorporated by reference. The first column lists the number and name
of the material. The second column lists the section of this part where
we reference it. The second column is for information only and may not
be all-inclusive. Anyone may receive copies of these materials from
International Organization for Standardization, Case Postale 56, CH-
1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland. Table 2 follows:

Table 2 of Sec. 1048.710.--ISO Materials
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document No. and name Part 1048 reference
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ISO 9141-2 February 1994, Road vehicles-- 1048.110
Diagnostic systems Part 2.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ISO 14230-4 June 2000, Road vehicles-- 1048.110
Diagnostic systems--KWP 2000 requirements
for emission-related systems.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec. 1048.715 How should I request EPA to keep my information
confidential?

(a) Clearly show what you consider confidential by marking,
circling, bracketing, stamping, or some other

[[Page 51208]]

method. We will store your confidential information as described in 40
CFR part 2. Also, we will disclose it only as specified in 40 CFR part
2.
(b) If you send us a second copy without the confidential
information, we will assume it contains nothing confidential whenever
we need to release information from it.
(c) If you send us information without claiming it is confidential,
we may make it available to the public without further notice to you,
as described in Sec. 2.204 of this chapter.

Sec. 1048.720 How do I request a public hearing?

(a) File a request for a hearing with the Designated Officer within
15 days of a decision to deny, suspend, revoke, or void your
certificate. If you ask later, we may give you a hearing for good
cause, but we do not have to.
(b) Include the following in your request for a public hearing:
(1) State which engine family is involved.
(2) State the issues you intend to raise. We may limit these
issues, as described elsewhere in this part.
(3) Summarize the evidence supporting your position and state why
you believe this evidence justifies granting or reinstating the
certificate.
(c) We will hold the hearing as described in 40 CFR part 1068,
subpart F.

Appendix I to Part 1048--Transient Duty Cycle for Constant-Speed
Engines

The following table shows the transient duty-cycle for constant-
speed engines, as described in Sec. 1048.510:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Normalized Normalized
Time(s) speed (in torque (in
percent) percent)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1....................................... 58 5
2....................................... 58 5
3....................................... 58 5
4....................................... 58 5
5....................................... 58 5
6....................................... 58 5
7....................................... 58 5
8....................................... 58 5
9....................................... 58 5
10...................................... 58 5
11...................................... 58 5
12...................................... 65 8
13...................................... 72 9
14...................................... 79 12
15...................................... 86 14
16...................................... 93 16
17...................................... 93 16
18...................................... 93 16
19...................................... 93 16
20...................................... 93 16
21...................................... 93 16
22...................................... 93 16
23...................................... 93 16
24...................................... 93 31
25...................................... 93 30
26...................................... 93 27
27...................................... 93 23
28...................................... 93 24
29...................................... 93 21
30...................................... 93 20
31...................................... 93 18
32...................................... 93 16
33...................................... 93 18
34...................................... 93 16
35...................................... 93 17
36...................................... 93 20
37...................................... 93 20
38...................................... 93 22
39...................................... 93 20
40...................................... 93 17
41...................................... 93 17
42...................................... 93 17
43...................................... 93 16
44...................................... 93 18
45...................................... 93 18
46...................................... 93 21
47...................................... 93 21
48...................................... 93 18
49...................................... 94 24
50...................................... 93 28
51...................................... 93 23
52...................................... 93 19
53...................................... 93 20
54...................................... 93 20
55...................................... 93 29
56...................................... 93 23
57...................................... 93 25
58...................................... 93 23
59...................................... 93 23
60...................................... 93 23
61...................................... 93 22
62...................................... 93 21
63...................................... 93 22
64...................................... 93 30
65...................................... 93 33
66...................................... 93 25
67...................................... 93 29
68...................................... 93 27
69...................................... 93 23
70...................................... 93 21
71...................................... 93 21
72...................................... 93 19
73...................................... 93 20
74...................................... 93 24
75...................................... 93 23
76...................................... 93 21
77...................................... 93 44
78...................................... 93 34
79...................................... 93 28
80...................................... 93 37
81...................................... 93 29
82...................................... 93 27
83...................................... 93 33
84...................................... 93 28
85...................................... 93 22
86...................................... 96 30
87...................................... 95 25
88...................................... 95 17
89...................................... 95 13
90...................................... 95 10
91...................................... 95 9
92...................................... 95 8
93...................................... 95 7
94...................................... 95 7
95...................................... 95 6
96...................................... 95 6
97...................................... 93 37
98...................................... 93 35
99...................................... 93 29
100..................................... 93 23
101..................................... 93 23
102..................................... 93 21
103..................................... 93 20
104..................................... 93 29
105..................................... 93 27
106..................................... 93 26
107..................................... 93 35
108..................................... 93 43
109..................................... 95 35
110..................................... 95 24
111..................................... 95 17
112..................................... 95 13
113..................................... 95 10
114..................................... 95 9
115..................................... 95 8
116..................................... 95 7
117..................................... 95 7
118..................................... 95 6
119..................................... 93 36
120..................................... 93 30
121..................................... 93 25
122..................................... 93 21
123..................................... 93 22
124..................................... 93 19
125..................................... 93 34
126..................................... 93 36
127..................................... 93 31
128..................................... 93 26
129..................................... 93 27
130..................................... 93 22
131..................................... 93 22
132..................................... 93 18
133..................................... 93 18
134..................................... 93 19
135..................................... 93 19
136..................................... 93 23
137..................................... 93 22
138..................................... 93 20
139..................................... 93 23
140..................................... 93 20
141..................................... 93 18
142..................................... 93 18
143..................................... 93 16
144..................................... 93 19
145..................................... 94 25
146..................................... 93 30
147..................................... 93 29
148..................................... 93 23
149..................................... 93 24
150..................................... 93 22
151..................................... 94 20
152..................................... 93 17
153..................................... 93 16
154..................................... 93 16
155..................................... 93 15
156..................................... 93 17
157..................................... 93 18
158..................................... 93 20
159..................................... 93 21
160..................................... 93 18
161..................................... 93 17
162..................................... 92 54
163..................................... 93 38
164..................................... 93 29
165..................................... 93 24
166..................................... 93 24
167..................................... 93 24
168..................................... 93 23

[[Page 51209]]

169..................................... 93 20
170..................................... 93 20
171..................................... 93 18
172..................................... 93 19
173..................................... 93 19
174..................................... 93 16
175..................................... 93 16
176..................................... 93 16
177..................................... 93 18
178..................................... 93 21
179..................................... 93 20
180..................................... 93 20
181..................................... 93 17
182..................................... 93 19
183..................................... 93 17
184..................................... 93 18
185..................................... 93 16
186..................................... 93 16
187..................................... 93 16
188..................................... 93 17
189..................................... 93 16
190..................................... 93 17
191..................................... 93 18
192..................................... 93 17
193..................................... 93 16
194..................................... 93 17
195..................................... 93 17
196..................................... 93 22
197..................................... 93 19
198..................................... 93 19
199..................................... 95 21
200..................................... 95 16
201..................................... 95 12
202..................................... 95 10
203..................................... 96 8
204..................................... 96 7
205..................................... 95 7
206..................................... 96 7
207..................................... 95 6
208..................................... 96 6
209..................................... 96 6
210..................................... 88 6
211..................................... 89 48
212..................................... 93 34
213..................................... 93 27
214..................................... 93 26
215..................................... 93 25
216..................................... 93 22
217..................................... 93 23
218..................................... 93 21
219..................................... 93 21
220..................................... 93 23
221..................................... 93 23
222..................................... 93 23
223..................................... 93 23
224..................................... 93 23
225..................................... 93 22
226..................................... 93 22
227..................................... 93 24
228..................................... 93 23
229..................................... 93 23
230..................................... 93 21
231..................................... 93 20
232..................................... 93 20
233..................................... 93 20
234..................................... 93 22
235..................................... 93 26
236..................................... 93 22
237..................................... 93 20
238..................................... 93 18
239..................................... 93 22
240..................................... 93 20
241..................................... 94 27
242..................................... 93 22
243..................................... 93 23
244..................................... 93 21
245..................................... 93 22
246..................................... 95 22
247..................................... 95 16
248..................................... 95 12
249..................................... 95 10
250..................................... 95 9
251..................................... 95 8
252..................................... 96 7
253..................................... 95 7
254..................................... 95 6
255..................................... 92 42
256..................................... 93 36
257..................................... 93 33
258..................................... 92 60
259..................................... 93 48
260..................................... 93 36
261..................................... 93 30
262..................................... 93 28
263..................................... 93 24
264..................................... 93 24
265..................................... 93 23
266..................................... 93 23
267..................................... 93 25
268..................................... 93 27
269..................................... 93 29
270..................................... 93 26
271..................................... 93 26
272..................................... 93 21
273..................................... 93 23
274..................................... 93 23
275..................................... 94 23
276..................................... 93 40
277..................................... 94 67
278..................................... 93 46
279..................................... 93 38
280..................................... 93 29
281..................................... 93 28
282..................................... 93 27
283..................................... 93 29
284..................................... 93 28
285..................................... 94 34
286..................................... 93 31
287..................................... 93 30
288..................................... 94 42
289..................................... 93 31
290..................................... 93 29
291..................................... 93 27
292..................................... 93 23
293..................................... 93 23
294..................................... 93 20
295..................................... 93 20
296..................................... 93 23
297..................................... 93 23
298..................................... 93 24
299..................................... 93 25
300..................................... 93 20
301..................................... 93 25
302..................................... 93 23
303..................................... 93 23
304..................................... 93 24
305..................................... 93 28
306..................................... 93 23
307..................................... 93 24
308..................................... 93 34
309..................................... 93 31
310..................................... 93 35
311..................................... 93 31
312..................................... 93 32
313..................................... 93 31
314..................................... 93 30
315..................................... 93 23
316..................................... 93 23
317..................................... 93 36
318..................................... 93 32
319..................................... 93 25
320..................................... 93 31
321..................................... 93 33
322..................................... 93 31
323..................................... 93 27
324..................................... 93 24
325..................................... 93 19
326..................................... 96 21
327..................................... 96 16
328..................................... 95 12
329..................................... 95 10
330..................................... 95 8
331..................................... 95 8
332..................................... 95 7
333..................................... 95 7
334..................................... 95 6
335..................................... 95 6
336..................................... 95 6
337..................................... 87 6
338..................................... 57 6
339..................................... 58 6
340..................................... 58 6
341..................................... 58 6
342..................................... 58 6
343..................................... 58 6
344..................................... 58 6
345..................................... 58 6
346..................................... 58 6
347..................................... 58 6
348..................................... 58 6
349..................................... 58 6
350..................................... 58 6
351..................................... 58 6
352..................................... 95 73
353..................................... 93 65
354..................................... 93 52
355..................................... 93 38
356..................................... 93 30
357..................................... 93 31
358..................................... 93 26
359..................................... 93 21
360..................................... 93 22
361..................................... 93 26
362..................................... 93 23
363..................................... 93 19
364..................................... 93 27
365..................................... 93 42
366..................................... 93 29
367..................................... 94 25
368..................................... 94 26
369..................................... 94 29
370..................................... 93 28
371..................................... 93 23
372..................................... 93 21
373..................................... 93 26
374..................................... 93 23
375..................................... 93 20
376..................................... 94 23
377..................................... 93 18
378..................................... 93 19
379..................................... 93 23
380..................................... 93 19
381..................................... 93 16
382..................................... 93 25
383..................................... 93 22
384..................................... 93 20

[[Page 51210]]

385..................................... 93 25
386..................................... 94 28
387..................................... 93 23
388..................................... 93 23
389..................................... 93 25
390..................................... 93 23
391..................................... 93 20
392..................................... 93 19
393..................................... 93 24
394..................................... 93 20
395..................................... 93 18
396..................................... 93 21
397..................................... 95 22
398..................................... 96 16
399..................................... 96 12
400..................................... 95 10
401..................................... 96 9
402..................................... 95 8
403..................................... 96 7
404..................................... 96 7
405..................................... 96 6
406..................................... 96 6
407..................................... 95 6
408..................................... 91 6
409..................................... 58 6
410..................................... 58 6
411..................................... 58 6
412..................................... 58 6
413..................................... 58 6
414..................................... 58 6
415..................................... 58 6
416..................................... 58 6
417..................................... 58 6
418..................................... 58 6
419..................................... 58 6
420..................................... 58 6
421..................................... 58 6
422..................................... 58 6
423..................................... 58 6
424..................................... 58 6
425..................................... 58 6
426..................................... 58 6
427..................................... 58 6
428..................................... 58 6
429..................................... 58 6
430..................................... 58 6
431..................................... 58 6
432..................................... 58 6
433..................................... 58 6
434..................................... 58 6
435..................................... 58 6
436..................................... 58 6
437..................................... 58 6
438..................................... 58 6
439..................................... 58 6
440..................................... 58 6
441..................................... 58 6
442..................................... 58 6
443..................................... 93 66
444..................................... 93 48
445..................................... 93 40
446..................................... 93 34
447..................................... 93 28
448..................................... 93 23
449..................................... 93 28
450..................................... 93 27
451..................................... 93 23
452..................................... 93 19
453..................................... 93 25
454..................................... 93 24
455..................................... 93 22
456..................................... 93 31
457..................................... 93 36
458..................................... 93 28
459..................................... 93 25
460..................................... 93 35
461..................................... 93 34
462..................................... 93 29
463..................................... 93 37
464..................................... 93 36
465..................................... 93 38
466..................................... 93 31
467..................................... 93 29
468..................................... 93 34
469..................................... 93 36
470..................................... 93 34
471..................................... 93 31
472..................................... 93 26
473..................................... 93 21
474..................................... 94 16
475..................................... 96 19
476..................................... 96 15
477..................................... 95 11
478..................................... 96 10
479..................................... 95 8
480..................................... 95 7
481..................................... 95 7
482..................................... 96 7
483..................................... 96 6
484..................................... 96 6
485..................................... 95 6
486..................................... 85 6
487..................................... 56 74
488..................................... 93 52
489..................................... 93 42
490..................................... 93 36
491..................................... 93 35
492..................................... 93 33
493..................................... 93 38
494..................................... 93 40
495..................................... 93 29
496..................................... 93 23
497..................................... 93 23
498..................................... 93 24
499..................................... 93 24
500..................................... 93 20
501..................................... 93 19
502..................................... 93 16
503..................................... 93 21
504..................................... 93 23
505..................................... 93 24
506..................................... 93 22
507..................................... 93 18
508..................................... 93 21
509..................................... 95 18
510..................................... 95 20
511..................................... 95 15
512..................................... 96 11
513..................................... 95 10
514..................................... 96 8
515..................................... 95 7
516..................................... 95 7
517..................................... 95 7
518..................................... 95 6
519..................................... 96 6
520..................................... 96 6
521..................................... 83 6
522..................................... 56 6
523..................................... 58 6
524..................................... 72 54
525..................................... 94 51
526..................................... 93 42
527..................................... 93 42
528..................................... 93 31
529..................................... 93 25
530..................................... 93 21
531..................................... 93 17
532..................................... 93 15
533..................................... 93 15
534..................................... 93 16
535..................................... 93 15
536..................................... 93 14
537..................................... 93 15
538..................................... 93 16
539..................................... 94 15
540..................................... 93 45
541..................................... 93 45
542..................................... 93 41
543..................................... 93 33
544..................................... 93 26
545..................................... 93 21
546..................................... 93 20
547..................................... 93 17
548..................................... 93 16
549..................................... 93 17
550..................................... 93 16
551..................................... 93 14
552..................................... 93 16
553..................................... 93 15
554..................................... 93 14
555..................................... 93 16
556..................................... 93 15
557..................................... 93 14
558..................................... 93 13
559..................................... 93 14
560..................................... 93 14
561..................................... 93 15
562..................................... 93 17
563..................................... 93 17
564..................................... 93 22
565..................................... 93 22
566..................................... 93 19
567..................................... 93 19
568..................................... 93 20
569..................................... 93 18
570..................................... 93 20
571..................................... 93 20
572..................................... 93 42
573..................................... 93 32
574..................................... 93 25
575..................................... 93 26
576..................................... 93 23
577..................................... 93 21
578..................................... 93 23
579..................................... 93 19
580..................................... 93 21
581..................................... 93 20
582..................................... 93 20
583..................................... 93 20
584..................................... 93 18
585..................................... 93 18
586..................................... 93 21
587..................................... 93 19
588..................................... 93 21
589..................................... 93 19
590..................................... 93 19
591..................................... 93 18
592..................................... 93 18
593..................................... 93 17
594..................................... 93 16
595..................................... 93 16
596..................................... 93 15
597..................................... 93 16
598..................................... 93 19
599..................................... 93 52
600..................................... 93 45

[[Page 51211]]

601..................................... 95 39
602..................................... 95 39
603..................................... 95 39
604..................................... 95 39
605..................................... 94 30
606..................................... 95 30
607..................................... 95 29
608..................................... 95 24
609..................................... 94 30
610..................................... 95 28
611..................................... 94 25
612..................................... 94 29
613..................................... 95 32
614..................................... 95 33
615..................................... 95 44
616..................................... 99 37
617..................................... 98 27
618..................................... 98 19
619..................................... 98 13
620..................................... 98 11
621..................................... 98 9
622..................................... 98 7
623..................................... 98 7
624..................................... 98 6
625..................................... 98 6
626..................................... 98 6
627..................................... 98 5
628..................................... 69 6
629..................................... 49 5
630..................................... 51 5
631..................................... 51 5
632..................................... 51 5
633..................................... 51 6
634..................................... 51 6
635..................................... 51 6
636..................................... 51 6
637..................................... 51 5
638..................................... 51 5
639..................................... 51 5
640..................................... 51 5
641..................................... 51 6
642..................................... 51 6
643..................................... 51 6
644..................................... 51 6
645..................................... 51 5
646..................................... 51 6
647..................................... 51 5
648..................................... 51 6
649..................................... 51 5
650..................................... 96 35
651..................................... 95 29
652..................................... 95 26
653..................................... 95 31
654..................................... 95 34
655..................................... 95 29
656..................................... 95 29
657..................................... 95 30
658..................................... 95 24
659..................................... 95 19
660..................................... 95 23
661..................................... 95 21
662..................................... 95 22
663..................................... 95 19
664..................................... 95 18
665..................................... 95 20
666..................................... 94 60
667..................................... 95 48
668..................................... 95 39
669..................................... 95 36
670..................................... 95 27
671..................................... 95 22
672..................................... 95 19
673..................................... 95 22
674..................................... 95 19
675..................................... 94 17
676..................................... 95 27
677..................................... 95 24
678..................................... 98 19
679..................................... 98 19
680..................................... 98 14
681..................................... 98 11
682..................................... 98 9
683..................................... 98 8
684..................................... 98 7
685..................................... 98 6
686..................................... 98 6
687..................................... 98 6
688..................................... 98 6
689..................................... 98 5
690..................................... 81 5
691..................................... 49 5
692..................................... 78 48
693..................................... 95 37
694..................................... 95 31
695..................................... 94 32
696..................................... 94 34
697..................................... 95 29
698..................................... 95 25
699..................................... 94 26
700..................................... 95 28
701..................................... 95 27
702..................................... 94 28
703..................................... 95 30
704..................................... 95 27
705..................................... 95 26
706..................................... 95 27
707..................................... 95 25
708..................................... 95 26
709..................................... 95 25
710..................................... 95 23
711..................................... 95 20
712..................................... 95 23
713..................................... 95 20
714..................................... 95 18
715..................................... 94 22
716..................................... 95 19
717..................................... 95 23
718..................................... 95 27
719..................................... 95 26
720..................................... 95 23
721..................................... 95 20
722..................................... 99 23
723..................................... 98 20
724..................................... 98 14
725..................................... 98 11
726..................................... 98 9
727..................................... 98 8
728..................................... 98 7
729..................................... 98 6
730..................................... 98 6
731..................................... 98 6
732..................................... 98 5
733..................................... 98 5
734..................................... 73 6
735..................................... 49 5
736..................................... 50 77
737..................................... 95 39
738..................................... 95 30
739..................................... 95 28
740..................................... 94 31
741..................................... 95 36
742..................................... 95 36
743..................................... 95 30
744..................................... 95 26
745..................................... 95 27
746..................................... 95 22
747..................................... 95 18
748..................................... 95 19
749..................................... 95 25
750..................................... 94 25
751..................................... 95 21
752..................................... 95 22
753..................................... 95 27
754..................................... 95 27
755..................................... 95 27
756..................................... 95 24
757..................................... 94 20
758..................................... 94 23
759..................................... 94 26
760..................................... 95 25
761..................................... 95 25
762..................................... 95 21
763..................................... 95 28
764..................................... 94 39
765..................................... 95 32
766..................................... 95 24
767..................................... 95 19
768..................................... 98 20
769..................................... 98 17
770..................................... 98 12
771..................................... 98 10
772..................................... 98 8
773..................................... 98 7
774..................................... 98 6
775..................................... 98 6
776..................................... 95 61
777..................................... 94 51
778..................................... 95 40
779..................................... 94 35
780..................................... 94 36
781..................................... 94 32
782..................................... 95 24
783..................................... 94 19
784..................................... 94 19
785..................................... 95 19
786..................................... 95 19
787..................................... 94 18
788..................................... 94 20
789..................................... 94 23
790..................................... 94 22
791..................................... 95 23
792..................................... 94 20
793..................................... 94 18
794..................................... 95 16
795..................................... 95 17
796..................................... 94 16
797..................................... 94 16
798..................................... 94 17
799..................................... 94 18
800..................................... 94 21
801..................................... 95 21
802..................................... 94 19
803..................................... 95 18
804..................................... 94 19
805..................................... 95 22
806..................................... 95 21
807..................................... 95 19
808..................................... 94 20
809..................................... 94 22
810..................................... 94 22
811..................................... 94 22
812..................................... 95 23
813..................................... 94 22
814..................................... 95 22
815..................................... 95 19
816..................................... 95 16

[[Page 51212]]

817..................................... 95 14
818..................................... 95 18
819..................................... 95 18
820..................................... 94 20
821..................................... 94 22
822..................................... 94 19
823..................................... 95 18
824..................................... 95 17
825..................................... 95 19
826..................................... 95 19
827..................................... 95 19
828..................................... 94 19
829..................................... 94 21
830..................................... 94 19
831..................................... 94 17
832..................................... 94 18
833..................................... 94 21
834..................................... 94 19
835..................................... 95 18
836..................................... 95 19
837..................................... 95 17
838..................................... 94 15
839..................................... 94 17
840..................................... 95 19
841..................................... 94 22
842..................................... 94 21
843..................................... 94 18
844..................................... 94 16
845..................................... 95 14
846..................................... 95 14
847..................................... 94 19
848..................................... 95 20
849..................................... 95 23
850..................................... 98 23
851..................................... 98 22
852..................................... 98 16
853..................................... 98 12
854..................................... 98 9
855..................................... 98 8
856..................................... 98 7
857..................................... 98 6
858..................................... 98 6
859..................................... 98 6
860..................................... 98 5
861..................................... 98 5
862..................................... 80 5
863..................................... 49 5
864..................................... 51 5
865..................................... 51 5
866..................................... 51 6
867..................................... 51 6
868..................................... 51 6
869..................................... 51 6
870..................................... 51 5
871..................................... 51 6
872..................................... 51 7
873..................................... 96 45
874..................................... 94 44
875..................................... 94 34
876..................................... 94 41
877..................................... 95 44
878..................................... 94 32
879..................................... 95 26
880..................................... 94 20
881..................................... 95 29
882..................................... 95 27
883..................................... 95 21
884..................................... 95 34
885..................................... 95 31
886..................................... 94 26
887..................................... 95 22
888..................................... 95 23
889..................................... 95 19
890..................................... 94 18
891..................................... 94 20
892..................................... 94 26
893..................................... 95 29
894..................................... 94 32
895..................................... 95 26
896..................................... 95 34
897..................................... 95 30
898..................................... 95 24
899..................................... 95 19
900..................................... 94 17
901..................................... 94 16
902..................................... 98 19
903..................................... 98 17
904..................................... 98 12
905..................................... 98 10
906..................................... 98 8
907..................................... 98 7
908..................................... 98 6
909..................................... 98 6
910..................................... 98 6
911..................................... 98 5
912................... 98 5
913..................................... 98 5
914..................................... 69 5
915..................................... 49 5
916..................................... 51 5
917..................................... 51 6
918..................................... 51 6
919..................................... 69 75
920..................................... 95 70
921..................................... 95 57
922..................................... 94 49
923..................................... 94 38
924..................................... 95 43
925..................................... 94 51
926..................................... 94 41
927..................................... 98 42
928..................................... 95 89
929..................................... 95 66
930..................................... 94 52
931..................................... 95 41
932..................................... 95 34
933..................................... 95 34
934..................................... 94 30
935..................................... 94 30
936..................................... 95 29
937..................................... 94 28
938..................................... 95 24
939..................................... 94 34
940..................................... 95 26
941..................................... 94 36
942..................................... 95 27
943..................................... 95 25
944..................................... 95 26
945..................................... 94 21
946..................................... 94 19
947..................................... 98 21
948..................................... 93 53
949..................................... 94 45
950..................................... 94 35
951..................................... 95 28
952..................................... 95 23
953..................................... 95 20
954..................................... 95 17
955..................................... 94 19
956..................................... 94 18
957..................................... 94 18
958..................................... 94 18
959..................................... 94 19
960..................................... 97 17
961..................................... 98 19
962..................................... 98 14
963..................................... 98 11
964..................................... 98 9
965..................................... 98 7
966..................................... 98 7
967..................................... 98 6
968..................................... 98 6
969..................................... 98 6
970..................................... 98 5
971..................................... 98 5
972..................................... 82 5
973..................................... 49 5
974..................................... 51 6
975..................................... 51 6
976..................................... 51 6
977..................................... 51 5
978..................................... 51 6
979..................................... 72 58
980..................................... 94 36
981..................................... 95 28
982..................................... 95 24
983..................................... 95 25
984..................................... 95 26
985..................................... 94 30
986..................................... 94 26
987..................................... 95 34
988..................................... 95 57
989..................................... 95 45
990..................................... 94 37
991..................................... 95 34
992..................................... 95 27
993..................................... 95 27
994..................................... 95 29
995..................................... 98 22
996..................................... 94 84
997..................................... 94 74
998..................................... 95 62
999..................................... 94 51
1000.................................... 95 50
1001.................................... 95 81
1002.................................... 94 65
1003.................................... 95 49
1004.................................... 94 56
1005.................................... 95 65
1006.................................... 94 59
1007.................................... 99 58
1008.................................... 98 41
1009.................................... 98 27
1010.................................... 98 19
1011.................................... 98 13
1012.................................... 98 11
1013.................................... 98 9
1014.................................... 98 8
1015.................................... 98 7
1016.................................... 98 6
1017.................................... 98 6
1018.................................... 98 6
1019.................................... 71 6
1020.................................... 49 5
1021.................................... 51 6
1022.................................... 51 6
1023.................................... 51 6
1024.................................... 51 6
1025.................................... 51 6
1026.................................... 51 6
1027.................................... 51 6
1028.................................... 51 6
1029.................................... 51 6
1030.................................... 51 6
1031.................................... 51 5
1032.................................... 51 6

[[Page 51213]]

1033.................................... 51 5
1034.................................... 51 6
1035.................................... 51 6
1036.................................... 51 6
1037.................................... 51 5
1038.................................... 51 5
1039.................................... 51 6
1040.................................... 51 6
1041.................................... 69 59
1042.................................... 94 48
1043.................................... 95 34
1044.................................... 95 29
1045.................................... 95 26
1046.................................... 94 27
1047.................................... 95 31
1048.................................... 95 26
1049.................................... 95 34
1050.................................... 95 29
1051.................................... 95 31
1052.................................... 95 29
1053.................................... 95 35
1054.................................... 95 38
1055.................................... 94 41
1056.................................... 95 28
1057.................................... 95 36
1058.................................... 94 30
1059.................................... 94 26
1060.................................... 94 33
1061.................................... 95 34
1062.................................... 95 27
1063.................................... 98 26
1064.................................... 98 19
1065.................................... 98 13
1066.................................... 98 11
1067.................................... 98 9
1068.................................... 98 7
1069.................................... 98 7
1070.................................... 98 6
1071.................................... 98 6
1072.................................... 98 6
1073.................................... 98 5
1074.................................... 89 6
1075.................................... 49 5
1076.................................... 51 6
1077.................................... 51 6
1078.................................... 51 6
1079.................................... 51 6
1080.................................... 51 6
1081.................................... 51 6
1082.................................... 51 6
1083.................................... 50 6
1084.................................... 51 6
1085.................................... 51 6
1086.................................... 51 6
1087.................................... 51 6
1088.................................... 51 6
1089.................................... 51 6
1090.................................... 51 6
1091.................................... 56 74
1092.................................... 95 56
1093.................................... 94 49
1094.................................... 95 47
1095.................................... 94 43
1096.................................... 94 33
1097.................................... 95 50
1098.................................... 94 40
1099.................................... 95 33
1100.................................... 95 24
1101.................................... 94 22
1102.................................... 94 22
1103.................................... 94 25
1104.................................... 95 27
1105.................................... 95 32
1106.................................... 94 29
1107.................................... 94 26
1108.................................... 94 26
1109.................................... 94 24
1110.................................... 98 52
1111.................................... 94 41
1112.................................... 99 35
1113.................................... 95 58
1114.................................... 95 58
1115.................................... 98 57
1116.................................... 98 38
1117.................................... 98 26
1118.................................... 93 63
1119.................................... 94 59
1120.................................... 98 100
1121.................................... 94 73
1122.................................... 98 53
1123.................................... 94 76
1124.................................... 95 61
1125.................................... 94 49
1126.................................... 94 37
1127.................................... 97 50
1128.................................... 98 36
1129.................................... 98 25
1130.................................... 98 18
1131.................................... 98 12
1132.................................... 98 10
1133.................................... 98 8
1134.................................... 98 7
1135.................................... 98 7
1136.................................... 98 6
1137.................................... 98 6
1138.................................... 98 6
1139.................................... 80 6
1140.................................... 49 6
1141.................................... 78 61
1142.................................... 95 50
1143.................................... 94 43
1144.................................... 94 42
1145.................................... 94 31
1146.................................... 95 30
1147.................................... 95 34
1148.................................... 95 28
1149.................................... 95 27
1150.................................... 94 27
1151.................................... 95 31
1152.................................... 95 42
1153.................................... 94 41
1154.................................... 95 37
1155.................................... 95 43
1156.................................... 95 34
1157.................................... 95 31
1158.................................... 95 27
1159.................................... 95 23
1160.................................... 95 27
1161.................................... 96 38
1162.................................... 95 40
1163.................................... 95 39
1164.................................... 95 26
1165.................................... 95 33
1166.................................... 94 28
1167.................................... 94 34
1168.................................... 98 73
1169.................................... 95 49
1170.................................... 95 51
1171.................................... 94 55
1172.................................... 95 48
1173.................................... 95 35
1174.................................... 95 39
1175.................................... 95 39
1176.................................... 94 41
1177.................................... 95 30
1178.................................... 95 23
1179.................................... 94 19
1180.................................... 95 25
1181.................................... 94 29
1182.................................... 98 27
1183.................................... 95 89
1184.................................... 95 74
1185.................................... 94 60
1186.................................... 94 48
1187.................................... 94 41
1188.................................... 94 29
1189.................................... 94 24
1190.................................... 95 19
1191.................................... 94 21
1192.................................... 95 29
1193.................................... 95 28
1194.................................... 95 27
1195.................................... 94 23
1196.................................... 95 25
1197.................................... 95 26
1198.................................... 94 22
1199.................................... 95 19
1200.................................... 94 17
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Appendix II to Part 1048--Transient Duty Cycle for Engines That Are
Not Constant-Speed Engines

The following table shows the transient duty-cycle for engines
that are not constant-speed engines, as described in Sec. 1048.510:

[[Page 51214]]

34...................................... 49 52
35...................................... 55 49
36...................................... 61 46
37...................................... 66 38
38...................................... 42 33
39...................................... 17 41
40...................................... 17 37
41...................................... 7 50
42...................................... 20 32
43...................................... 5 55
44...................................... 30 42
45...................................... 44 53
46...................................... 45 56
47...................................... 41 52
48...................................... 24 41
49...................................... 15 40
50...................................... 11 44
51...................................... 32 31
52...................................... 38 54
53...................................... 38 47
54...................................... 9 55
55...................................... 10 50
56...................................... 33 55
57...................................... 48 56
58...................................... 49 47
59...................................... 33 44
60...................................... 52 43
61...................................... 55 43
62...................................... 59 38
63...................................... 44 28
64...................................... 24 37
65...................................... 12 44
66...................................... 9 47
67...................................... 12 52
68...................................... 34 21
69...................................... 29 44
70...................................... 44 54
71...................................... 54 62
72...................................... 62 57
73...................................... 72 56
74...................................... 88 71
75...................................... 100 69
76...................................... 100 34
77...................................... 100 42
78...................................... 100 54
79...................................... 100 58
80...................................... 100 38
81...................................... 83 17
82...................................... 61 15
83...................................... 43 22
84...................................... 24 35
85...................................... 16 39
86...................................... 15 45
87...................................... 32 34
88...................................... 14 42
89...................................... 8 48
90...................................... 5 51
91...................................... 10 41
92...................................... 12 37
93...................................... 4 47
94...................................... 3 49
95...................................... 3 50
96...................................... 4 49
97...................................... 4 48
98...................................... 8 43
99...................................... 2 51
100..................................... 5 46
101..................................... 8 41
102..................................... 4 47
103..................................... 3 49
104..................................... 6 45
105..................................... 3 48
106..................................... 10 42
107..................................... 18 27
108..................................... 3 50
109..................................... 11 41
110..................................... 34 29
111..................................... 51 57
112..................................... 67 63
113..................................... 61 32
114..................................... 44 31
115..................................... 48 54
116..................................... 69 65
117..................................... 85 65
118..................................... 81 29
119..................................... 74 21
120..................................... 62 23
121..................................... 76 58
122..................................... 96 75
123..................................... 100 77
124..................................... 100 27
125..................................... 100 79
126..................................... 100 79
127..................................... 100 81
128..................................... 100 57
129..................................... 99 52
130..................................... 81 35
131..................................... 69 29
132..................................... 47 22
133..................................... 34 28
134..................................... 27 37
135..................................... 83 60
136..................................... 100 74
137..................................... 100 7
138..................................... 100 2
139..................................... 70 18
140..................................... 23 39
141..................................... 5 54
142..................................... 11 40
143..................................... 11 34
144..................................... 11 41
145..................................... 19 25
146..................................... 16 32
147..................................... 20 31
148..................................... 21 38
149..................................... 21 42
150..................................... 9 51
151..................................... 4 49
152..................................... 2 51
153..................................... 1 58
154..................................... 21 57
155..................................... 29 47
156..................................... 33 45
157..................................... 16 49
158..................................... 38 45
159..................................... 37 43
160..................................... 35 42
161..................................... 39 43
162..................................... 51 49
163..................................... 59 55
164..................................... 65 54
165..................................... 76 62
166..................................... 84 59
167..................................... 83 29
168..................................... 67 35
169..................................... 84 54
170..................................... 90 58
171..................................... 93 43
172..................................... 90 29
173..................................... 66 19
174..................................... 52 16
175..................................... 49 17
176..................................... 56 38
177..................................... 73 71
178..................................... 86 80
179..................................... 96 75
180..................................... 89 27
181..................................... 66 17
182..................................... 50 18
183..................................... 36 25
184..................................... 36 24
185..................................... 38 40
186..................................... 40 50
187..................................... 27 48
188..................................... 19 48
189..................................... 23 50
190..................................... 19 45
191..................................... 6 51
192..................................... 24 48
193..................................... 49 67
194..................................... 47 49
195..................................... 22 44
196..................................... 25 40
197..................................... 38 54
198..................................... 43 55
199..................................... 40 52
200..................................... 14 49
201..................................... 11 45
202..................................... 7 48
203..................................... 26 41
204..................................... 41 59
205..................................... 53 60
206..................................... 44 54
207..................................... 22 40
208..................................... 24 41
209..................................... 32 53
210..................................... 44 74
211..................................... 57 25
212..................................... 22 49
213..................................... 29 45
214..................................... 19 37
215..................................... 14 43
216..................................... 36 40
217..................................... 43 63
218..................................... 42 49
219..................................... 15 50
220..................................... 19 44
221..................................... 47 59
222..................................... 67 80
223..................................... 76 74
224..................................... 87 66
225..................................... 98 61
226..................................... 100 38
227..................................... 97 27
228..................................... 100 53
229..................................... 100 72
230..................................... 100 49
231..................................... 100 4
232..................................... 100 13
233..................................... 87 15
234..................................... 53 26
235..................................... 33 27
236..................................... 39 19
237..................................... 51 33
238..................................... 67 54
239..................................... 83 60
240..................................... 95 52
241..................................... 100 50
242..................................... 100 36
243..................................... 100 25
244..................................... 85 16
245..................................... 62 16
246..................................... 40 26
247..................................... 56 39
248..................................... 81 75
249..................................... 98 86

[[Page 51215]]

250..................................... 100 76
251..................................... 100 51
252..................................... 100 78
253..................................... 100 83
254..................................... 100 100
255..................................... 100 66
256..................................... 100 85
257..................................... 100 72
258..................................... 100 45
259..................................... 98 58
260..................................... 60 30
261..................................... 43 32
262..................................... 71 36
263..................................... 44 32
264..................................... 24 38
265..................................... 42 17
266..................................... 22 51
267..................................... 13 53
268..................................... 23 45
269..................................... 29 50
270..................................... 28 42
271..................................... 21 55
272..................................... 34 57
273..................................... 44 47
274..................................... 19 46
275..................................... 13 44
276..................................... 25 36
277..................................... 43 51
278..................................... 55 73
279..................................... 68 72
280..................................... 76 63
281..................................... 80 45
282..................................... 83 40
283..................................... 78 26
284..................................... 60 20
285..................................... 47 19
286..................................... 52 25
287..................................... 36 30
288..................................... 40 26
289..................................... 45 34
290..................................... 47 35
291..................................... 42 28
292..................................... 46 38
293..................................... 48 44
294..................................... 68 61
295..................................... 70 47
296..................................... 48 28
297..................................... 42 22
298..................................... 31 29
299..................................... 22 35
300..................................... 28 28
301..................................... 46 46
302..................................... 62 69
303..................................... 76 81
304..................................... 88 85
305..................................... 98 81
306..................................... 100 74
307..................................... 100 13
308..................................... 100 11
309..................................... 100 17
310..................................... 99 3
311..................................... 80 7
312..................................... 62 11
313..................................... 63 11
314..................................... 64 16
315..................................... 69 43
316..................................... 81 67
317..................................... 93 74
318..................................... 100 72
319..................................... 94 27
320..................................... 73 15
321..................................... 40 33
322..................................... 40 52
323..................................... 50 50
324..................................... 11 53
325..................................... 12 45
326..................................... 5 50
327..................................... 1 55
328..................................... 7 55
329..................................... 62 60
330..................................... 80 28
331..................................... 23 37
332..................................... 39 58
333..................................... 47 24
334..................................... 59 51
335..................................... 58 68
336..................................... 36 52
337..................................... 18 42
338..................................... 36 52
339..................................... 59 73
340..................................... 72 85
341..................................... 85 92
342..................................... 99 90
343..................................... 100 72
344..................................... 100 18
345..................................... 100 76
346..................................... 100 64
347..................................... 100 87
348..................................... 100 97
349..................................... 100 84
350..................................... 100 100
351..................................... 100 91
352..................................... 100 83
353..................................... 100 93
354..................................... 100 100
355..................................... 94 43
356..................................... 72 10
357..................................... 77 3
358..................................... 48 2
359..................................... 29 5
360..................................... 59 19
361..................................... 63 5
362..................................... 35 2
363..................................... 24 3
364..................................... 28 2
365..................................... 36 16
366..................................... 54 23
367..................................... 60 10
368..................................... 33 1
369..................................... 23 0
370..................................... 16 0
371..................................... 11 0
372..................................... 20 0
373..................................... 25 2
374..................................... 40 3
375..................................... 33 4
376..................................... 34 5
377..................................... 46 7
378..................................... 57 10
379..................................... 66 11
380..................................... 75 14
381..................................... 79 11
382..................................... 80 16
383..................................... 92 21
384..................................... 99 16
385..................................... 83 2
386..................................... 71 2
387..................................... 69 4
388..................................... 67 4
389..................................... 74 16
390..................................... 86 25
391..................................... 97 28
392..................................... 100 15
393..................................... 83 2
394..................................... 62 4
395..................................... 40 6
396..................................... 49 10
397..................................... 36 5
398..................................... 27 4
399..................................... 29 3
400..................................... 22 2
401..................................... 13 3
402..................................... 37 36
403..................................... 90 26
404..................................... 41 2
405..................................... 25 2
406..................................... 29 2
407..................................... 38 7
408..................................... 50 13
409..................................... 55 10
410..................................... 29 3
411..................................... 24 7
412..................................... 51 16
413..................................... 62 15
414..................................... 72 35
415..................................... 91 74
416..................................... 100 73
417..................................... 100 8
418..................................... 98 11
419..................................... 100 59
420..................................... 100 98
421..................................... 100 99
422..................................... 100 75
423..................................... 100 95
424..................................... 100 100
425..................................... 100 97
426..................................... 100 90
427..................................... 100 86
428..................................... 100 82
429..................................... 97 43
430..................................... 70 16
431..................................... 50 20
432..................................... 42 33
433..................................... 89 64
434..................................... 89 77
435..................................... 99 95
436..................................... 100 41
437..................................... 77 12
438..................................... 29 37
439..................................... 16 41
440..................................... 16 38
441..................................... 15 36
442..................................... 18 44
443..................................... 4 55
444..................................... 24 26
445..................................... 26 35
446..................................... 15 45
447..................................... 21 39
448..................................... 29 52
449..................................... 26 46
450..................................... 27 50
451..................................... 13 43
452..................................... 25 36
453..................................... 37 57
454..................................... 29 46
455..................................... 17 39
456..................................... 13 41
457..................................... 19 38
458..................................... 28 35
459..................................... 8 51
460..................................... 14 36
461..................................... 17 47
462..................................... 34 39
463..................................... 34 57
464..................................... 11 70
465..................................... 13 51

[[Page 51216]]

466..................................... 13 68
467..................................... 38 44
468..................................... 53 67
469..................................... 29 69
470..................................... 19 65
471..................................... 52 45
472..................................... 61 79
473..................................... 29 70
474..................................... 15 53
475..................................... 15 60
476..................................... 52 40
477..................................... 50 61
478..................................... 13 74
479..................................... 46 51
480..................................... 60 73
481..................................... 33 84
482..................................... 31 63
483..................................... 41 42
484..................................... 26 69
485..................................... 23 65
486..................................... 48 49
487..................................... 28 57
488..................................... 16 67
489..................................... 39 48
490..................................... 47 73
491..................................... 35 87
492..................................... 26 73
493..................................... 30 61
494..................................... 34 49
495..................................... 35 66
496..................................... 56 47
497..................................... 49 64
498..................................... 59 64
499..................................... 42 69
500..................................... 6 77
501..................................... 5 59
502..................................... 17 59
503..................................... 45 53
504..................................... 21 62
505..................................... 31 60
506..................................... 53 68
507..................................... 48 79
508..................................... 45 61
509..................................... 51 47
510..................................... 41 48
511..................................... 26 58
512..................................... 21 62
513..................................... 50 52
514..................................... 39 65
515..................................... 23 65
516..................................... 42 62
517..................................... 57 80
518..................................... 66 81
519..................................... 64 62
520..................................... 45 42
521..................................... 33 42
522..................................... 27 57
523..................................... 31 59
524..................................... 41 53
525..................................... 45 72
526..................................... 48 73
527..................................... 46 90
528..................................... 56 76
529..................................... 64 76
530..................................... 69 64
531..................................... 72 59
532..................................... 73 58
533..................................... 71 56
534..................................... 66 48
535..................................... 61 50
536..................................... 55 56
537..................................... 52 52
538..................................... 54 49
539..................................... 61 50
540..................................... 64 54
541..................................... 67 54
542..................................... 68 52
543..................................... 60 53
544..................................... 52 50
545..................................... 45 49
546..................................... 38 45
547..................................... 32 45
548..................................... 26 53
549..................................... 23 56
550..................................... 30 49
551..................................... 33 55
552..................................... 35 59
553..................................... 33 65
554..................................... 30 67
555..................................... 28 59
556..................................... 25 58
557..................................... 23 56
558..................................... 22 57
559..................................... 19 63
560..................................... 14 63
561..................................... 31 61
562..................................... 35 62
563..................................... 21 80
564..................................... 28 65
565..................................... 7 74
566..................................... 23 54
567..................................... 38 54
568..................................... 14 78
569..................................... 38 58
570..................................... 52 75
571..................................... 59 81
572..................................... 66 69
573..................................... 54 44
574..................................... 48 34
575..................................... 44 33
576..................................... 40 40
577..................................... 28 58
578..................................... 27 63
579..................................... 35 45
580..................................... 20 66
581..................................... 15 60
582..................................... 10 52
583..................................... 22 56
584..................................... 30 62
585..................................... 21 67
586..................................... 29 53
587..................................... 41 56
588..................................... 15 67
589..................................... 24 56
590..................................... 42 69
591..................................... 39 83
592..................................... 40 73
593..................................... 35 67
594..................................... 32 61
595..................................... 30 65
596..................................... 30 72
597..................................... 48 51
598..................................... 66 58
599..................................... 62 71
600..................................... 36 63
601..................................... 17 59
602..................................... 16 50
603..................................... 16 62
604..................................... 34 48
605..................................... 51 66
606..................................... 35 74
607..................................... 15 56
608..................................... 19 54
609..................................... 43 65
610..................................... 52 80
611..................................... 52 83
612..................................... 49 57
613..................................... 48 46
614..................................... 37 36
615..................................... 25 44
616..................................... 14 53
617..................................... 13 64
618..................................... 23 56
619..................................... 21 63
620..................................... 18 67
621..................................... 20 54
622..................................... 16 67
623..................................... 26 56
624..................................... 41 65
625..................................... 28 62
626..................................... 19 60
627..................................... 33 56
628..................................... 37 70
629..................................... 24 79
630..................................... 28 57
631..................................... 40 57
632..................................... 40 58
633..................................... 28 44
634..................................... 25 41
635..................................... 29 53
636..................................... 31 55
637..................................... 26 64
638..................................... 20 50
639..................................... 16 53
640..................................... 11 54
641..................................... 13 53
642..................................... 23 50
643..................................... 32 59
644..................................... 36 63
645..................................... 33 59
646..................................... 24 52
647..................................... 20 52
648..................................... 22 55
649..................................... 30 53
650..................................... 37 59
651..................................... 41 58
652..................................... 36 54
653..................................... 29 49
654..................................... 24 53
655..................................... 14 57
656..................................... 10 54
657..................................... 9 55
658..................................... 10 57
659..................................... 13 55
660..................................... 15 64
661..................................... 31 57
662..................................... 19 69
663..................................... 14 59
664..................................... 33 57
665..................................... 41 65
666..................................... 39 64
667..................................... 39 59
668..................................... 39 51
669..................................... 28 41
670..................................... 19 49
671..................................... 27 54
672..................................... 37 63
673..................................... 32 74
674..................................... 16 70
675..................................... 12 67
676..................................... 13 60
677..................................... 17 56
678..................................... 15 62
679..................................... 25 47
680..................................... 27 64
681..................................... 14 71

[[Page 51217]]

682..................................... 5 65
683..................................... 6 57
684..................................... 6 57
685..................................... 15 52
686..................................... 22 61
687..................................... 14 77
688..................................... 12 67
689..................................... 12 62
690..................................... 14 59
691..................................... 15 58
692..................................... 18 55
693..................................... 22 53
694..................................... 19 69
695..................................... 14 67
696..................................... 9 63
697..................................... 8 56
698..................................... 17 49
699..................................... 25 55
700..................................... 14 70
701..................................... 12 60
702..................................... 22 57
703..................................... 27 67
704..................................... 29 68
705..................................... 34 62
706..................................... 35 61
707..................................... 28 78
708..................................... 11 71
709..................................... 4 58
710..................................... 5 58
711..................................... 10 56
712..................................... 20 63
713..................................... 13 76
714..................................... 11 65
715..................................... 9 60
716..................................... 7 55
717..................................... 8 53
718..................................... 10 60
719..................................... 28 53
720..................................... 12 73
721..................................... 4 64
722..................................... 4 61
723..................................... 4 61
724..................................... 10 56
725..................................... 8 61
726..................................... 20 56
727..................................... 32 62
728..................................... 33 66
729..................................... 34 73
730..................................... 31 61
731..................................... 33 55
732..................................... 33 60
733..................................... 31 59
734..................................... 29 58
735..................................... 31 53
736..................................... 33 51
737..................................... 33 48
738..................................... 27 44
739..................................... 21 52
740..................................... 13 57
741..................................... 12 56
742..................................... 10 64
743..................................... 22 47
744..................................... 15 74
745..................................... 8 66
746..................................... 34 47
747..................................... 18 71
748..................................... 9 57
749..................................... 11 55
750..................................... 12 57
751..................................... 10 61
752..................................... 16 53
753..................................... 12 75
754..................................... 6 70
755..................................... 12 55
756..................................... 24 50
757..................................... 28 60
758..................................... 28 64
759..................................... 23 60
760..................................... 20 56
761..................................... 26 50
762..................................... 28 55
763..................................... 18 56
764..................................... 15 52
765..................................... 11 59
766..................................... 16 59
767..................................... 34 54
768..................................... 16 82
769..................................... 15 64
770..................................... 36 53
771..................................... 45 64
772..................................... 41 59
773..................................... 34 50
774..................................... 27 45
775..................................... 22 52
776..................................... 18 55
777..................................... 26 54
778..................................... 39 62
779..................................... 37 71
780..................................... 32 58
781..................................... 24 48
782..................................... 14 59
783..................................... 7 59
784..................................... 7 55
785..................................... 18 49
786..................................... 40 62
787..................................... 44 73
788..................................... 41 68
789..................................... 35 48
790..................................... 29 54
791..................................... 22 69
792..................................... 46 53
793..................................... 59 71
794..................................... 69 68
795..................................... 75 47
796..................................... 62 32
797..................................... 48 35
798..................................... 27 59
799..................................... 13 58
800..................................... 14 54
801..................................... 21 53
802..................................... 23 56
803..................................... 23 57
804..................................... 23 65
805..................................... 13 65
806..................................... 9 64
807..................................... 27 56
808..................................... 26 78
809..................................... 40 61
810..................................... 35 76
811..................................... 28 66
812..................................... 23 57
813..................................... 16 50
814..................................... 11 53
815..................................... 9 57
816..................................... 9 62
817..................................... 27 57
818..................................... 42 69
819..................................... 47 75
820..................................... 53 67
821..................................... 61 62
822..................................... 63 53
823..................................... 60 54
824..................................... 56 44
825..................................... 49 39
826..................................... 39 35
827..................................... 30 34
828..................................... 33 46
829..................................... 44 56
830..................................... 50 56
831..................................... 44 52
832..................................... 38 46
833..................................... 33 44
834..................................... 29 45
835..................................... 24 46
836..................................... 18 52
837..................................... 9 55
838..................................... 10 54
839..................................... 20 53
840..................................... 27 58
841..................................... 29 59
842..................................... 30 62
843..................................... 30 65
844..................................... 27 66
845..................................... 32 58
846..................................... 40 56
847..................................... 41 57
848..................................... 18 73
849..................................... 15 55
850..................................... 18 50
851..................................... 17 52
852..................................... 20 49
853..................................... 16 62
854..................................... 4 67
855..................................... 2 64
856..................................... 7 54
857..................................... 10 50
858..................................... 9 57
859..................................... 5 62
860..................................... 12 51
861..................................... 14 65
862..................................... 9 64
863..................................... 31 50
864..................................... 30 78
865..................................... 21 65
866..................................... 14 51
867..................................... 10 55
868..................................... 6 59
869..................................... 7 59
870..................................... 19 54
871..................................... 23 61
872..................................... 24 62
873..................................... 34 61
874..................................... 51 67
875..................................... 60 66
876..................................... 58 55
877..................................... 60 52
878..................................... 64 55
879..................................... 68 51
880..................................... 63 54
881..................................... 64 50
882..................................... 68 58
883..................................... 73 47
884..................................... 63 40
885..................................... 50 38
886..................................... 29 61
887..................................... 14 61
888..................................... 14 53
889..................................... 42 6
890..................................... 58 6
891..................................... 58 6
892..................................... 77 39
893..................................... 93 56
894..................................... 93 44
895..................................... 93 37
896..................................... 93 31
897..................................... 93 25

[[Page 51218]]

898..................................... 93 26
899..................................... 93 27
900..................................... 93 25
901..................................... 93 21
902..................................... 93 22
903..................................... 93 24
904..................................... 93 23
905..................................... 93 27
906..................................... 93 34
907..................................... 93 32
908..................................... 93 26
909..................................... 93 31
910..................................... 93 34
911..................................... 93 31
912..................................... 93 33
913..................................... 93 36
914..................................... 93 37
915..................................... 93 34
916..................................... 93 30
917..................................... 93 32
918..................................... 93 35
919..................................... 93 35
920..................................... 93 32
921..................................... 93 28
922..................................... 93 23
923..................................... 94 18
924..................................... 95 18
925..................................... 96 17
926..................................... 95 13
927..................................... 96 10
928..................................... 95 9
929..................................... 95 7
930..................................... 95 7
931..................................... 96 7
932..................................... 96 6
933..................................... 96 6
934..................................... 95 6
935..................................... 90 6
936..................................... 69 43
937..................................... 76 62
938..................................... 93 47
939..................................... 93 39
940..................................... 93 35
941..................................... 93 34
942..................................... 93 36
943..................................... 93 39
944..................................... 93 34
945..................................... 93 26
946..................................... 93 23
947..................................... 93 24
948..................................... 93 24
949..................................... 93 22
950..................................... 93 19
951..................................... 93 17
952..................................... 93 19
953..................................... 93 22
954..................................... 93 24
955..................................... 93 23
956..................................... 93 20
957..................................... 93 20
958..................................... 94 19
959..................................... 95 19
960..................................... 95 17
961..................................... 96 13
962..................................... 95 10
963..................................... 96 9
964..................................... 95 7
965..................................... 95 7
966..................................... 95 7
967..................................... 95 6
968..................................... 96 6
969..................................... 96 6
970..................................... 89 6
971..................................... 68 6
972..................................... 57 6
973..................................... 66 32
974..................................... 84 52
975..................................... 93 46
976..................................... 93 42
977..................................... 93 36
978..................................... 93 28
979..................................... 93 23
980..................................... 93 19
981..................................... 93 16
982..................................... 93 15
983..................................... 93 16
984..................................... 93 15
985..................................... 93 14
986..................................... 93 15
987..................................... 93 16
988..................................... 94 15
989..................................... 93 32
990..................................... 93 45
991..................................... 93 43
992..................................... 93 37
993..................................... 93 29
994..................................... 93 23
995..................................... 93 20
996..................................... 93 18
997..................................... 93 16
998..................................... 93 17
999..................................... 93 16
1000.................................... 93 15
1001.................................... 93 15
1002.................................... 93 15
1003.................................... 93 14
1004.................................... 93 15
1005.................................... 93 15
1006.................................... 93 14
1007.................................... 93 13
1008.................................... 93 14
1009.................................... 93 14
1010.................................... 93 15
1011.................................... 93 16
1012.................................... 93 17
1013.................................... 93 20
1014.................................... 93 22
1015.................................... 93 20
1016.................................... 93 19
1017.................................... 93 20
1018.................................... 93 19
1019.................................... 93 19
1020.................................... 93 20
1021.................................... 93 32
1022.................................... 93 37
1023.................................... 93 28
1024.................................... 93 26
1025.................................... 93 24
1026.................................... 93 22
1027.................................... 93 22
1028.................................... 93 21
1029.................................... 93 20
1030.................................... 93 20
1031.................................... 93 20
1032.................................... 93 20
1033.................................... 93 19
1034.................................... 93 18
1035.................................... 93 20
1036.................................... 93 20
1037.................................... 93 20
1038.................................... 93 20
1039.................................... 93 19
1040.................................... 93 18
1041.................................... 93 18
1042.................................... 93 17
1043.................................... 93 16
1044.................................... 93 16
1045.................................... 93 15
1046.................................... 93 16
1047.................................... 93 18
1048.................................... 93 37
1049.................................... 93 48
1050.................................... 93 38
1051.................................... 93 31
1052.................................... 93 26
1053.................................... 93 21
1054.................................... 93 18
1055.................................... 93 16
1056.................................... 93 17
1057.................................... 93 18
1058.................................... 93 19
1059.................................... 93 21
1060.................................... 93 20
1061.................................... 93 18
1062.................................... 93 17
1063.................................... 93 17
1064.................................... 93 18
1065.................................... 93 18
1066.................................... 93 18
1067.................................... 93 19
1068.................................... 93 18
1069.................................... 93 18
1070.................................... 93 20
1071.................................... 93 23
1072.................................... 93 25
1073.................................... 93 25
1074.................................... 93 24
1075.................................... 93 24
1076.................................... 93 22
1077.................................... 93 22
1078.................................... 93 22
1079.................................... 93 19
1080.................................... 93 16
1081.................................... 95 17
1082.................................... 95 37
1083.................................... 93 43
1084.................................... 93 32
1085.................................... 93 27
1086.................................... 93 26
1087.................................... 93 24
1088.................................... 93 22
1089.................................... 93 22
1090.................................... 93 22
1091.................................... 93 23
1092.................................... 93 22
1093.................................... 93 22
1094.................................... 93 23
1095.................................... 93 23
1096.................................... 93 23
1097.................................... 93 22
1098.................................... 93 23
1099.................................... 93 23
1100.................................... 93 23
1101.................................... 93 25
1102.................................... 93 27
1103.................................... 93 26
1104.................................... 93 25
1105.................................... 93 27
1106.................................... 93 27
1107.................................... 93 27
1108.................................... 93 24
1109.................................... 93 20
1110.................................... 93 18
1111.................................... 93 17
1112.................................... 93 17
1113.................................... 93 18

[[Page 51219]]

1114.................................... 93 18
1115.................................... 93 18
1116.................................... 93 19
1117.................................... 93 22
1118.................................... 93 22
1119.................................... 93 19
1120.................................... 93 17
1121.................................... 93 17
1122.................................... 93 18
1123.................................... 93 18
1124.................................... 93 19
1125.................................... 93 19
1126.................................... 93 20
1127.................................... 93 19
1128.................................... 93 20
1129.................................... 93 25
1130.................................... 93 30
1131.................................... 93 31
1132.................................... 93 26
1133.................................... 93 21
1134.................................... 93 18
1135.................................... 93 20
1136.................................... 93 25
1137.................................... 93 24
1138.................................... 93 21
1139.................................... 93 21
1140.................................... 93 22
1141.................................... 93 22
1142.................................... 93 28
1143.................................... 93 29
1144.................................... 93 23
1145.................................... 93 21
1146.................................... 93 18
1147.................................... 93 16
1148.................................... 93 16
1149.................................... 93 16
1150.................................... 93 17
1151.................................... 93 17
1152.................................... 93 17
1153.................................... 93 17
1154.................................... 93 23
1155.................................... 93 26
1156.................................... 93 22
1157.................................... 93 18
1158.................................... 93 16
1159.................................... 93 16
1160.................................... 93 17
1161.................................... 93 19
1162.................................... 93 18
1163.................................... 93 16
1164.................................... 93 19
1165.................................... 93 22
1166.................................... 93 25
1167.................................... 93 29
1168.................................... 93 27
1169.................................... 93 22
1170.................................... 93 18
1171.................................... 93 16
1172.................................... 93 19
1173.................................... 93 19
1174.................................... 93 17
1175.................................... 93 17
1176.................................... 93 17
1177.................................... 93 16
1178.................................... 93 16
1179.................................... 93 15
1180.................................... 93 16
1181.................................... 93 15
1182.................................... 93 17
1183.................................... 93 21
1184.................................... 93 30
1185.................................... 93 53
1186.................................... 93 54
1187.................................... 93 38
1188.................................... 93 30
1189.................................... 93 24
1190.................................... 93 20
1191.................................... 95 20
1192.................................... 96 18
1193.................................... 96 15
1194.................................... 96 11
1195.................................... 95 9
1196.................................... 95 8
1197.................................... 96 7
1198.................................... 94 33
1199.................................... 93 46
1200.................................... 93 37
1201.................................... 16 8
1202.................................... 0 0
1203.................................... 0 0
1204.................................... 0 0
1205.................................... 0 0
1206.................................... 0 0
1207.................................... 0 0
1208.................................... 0 0
1209.................................... 0 0
------------------------------------------------------------------------

PART 1051--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM RECREATIONAL ENGINES AND
VEHICLES

Subpart A--Determining How To Follow This Part
Sec.
1051.1 Does this part apply to me?
1051.5 May I exclude any vehicles from this part's requirements?
1051.10 What main steps must I take to comply with this part?
1051.15 Do any other regulation parts affect me?
1051.20 May I certify a recreational engine instead of the
vehicle?
Subpart B--Emission Standards and Related Requirements
1051.100 What exhaust emission standards must my vehicles meet?
1051.101 What are the exhaust emission standards for snowmobiles?
1051.102 What are the exhaust emission standards for off-highway
motorcycles?
1051.103 What are the exhaust emission standards for all-terrain
vehicles (ATVs)?
1051.115 What other requirements must my vehicles meet?
1051.120 What warranty requirements apply to me?
1051.125 What maintenance instructions must I give to buyers?
1051.130 What installation instructions must I give to vehicle
manufacturers?
1051.135 How must I label and identify the vehicles and engines I
produce?
1051.145 What provisions apply only for a limited time?
Subpart C--Certifying Engine Families
1051.201 What are the general requirements for submitting a
certification application?
1051.205 How must I prepare my application?
1051.210 May I get preliminary approval before I complete my
application?
1051.215 What happens after I complete my application?
1051.220 How do I amend the maintenance instructions in my
application?
1051.225 How do I amend my application to include new or modified
vehicles?
1051.230 How do I select engine families?
1051.235 How does testing fit with my application for a
certificate of conformity?
1051.240 How do I determine if my engine family complies with
emission standards?
1051.245 What records must I keep and make available to EPA?
1051.250 When may EPA deny, revoke, or void my certificate of
conformity?
Subpart D--Testing Production-line Engines
1051.301 When must I test my production-line vehicles or engines?
1051.305 How must I prepare and test my production-line vehicles
or engines?
1051.310 How must I select vehicles or engines for production-line
testing?
1051.315 How do I know when my engine family does not comply?
1051.320 What happens if one of my production-line vehicles or
engines fails to meet emission standards?
1051.325 What happens if an engine family does not comply?
1051.330 May I sell vehicles from an engine family with a
suspended certificate of conformity?
1051.335 How do I ask EPA to reinstate my suspended certificate?
1051.340 When may EPA revoke my certificate under this subpart and
how may I sell these vehicles again?
1051.345 What production-line testing records must I send to EPA?
1051.350 What records must I keep?
Subpart E--Testing In-use Engines
1051.401 What provisions apply for in-use testing of my vehicles
or engines?
Subpart F--Test Procedures
1051.501 What procedures must I use to test my vehicles or
engines?
1051.505 What special provisions apply for testing snowmobiles?
1051.520 How do I perform durability testing?
Subpart G--Compliance Provisions
1051.601 What compliance provisions apply to these vehicles?
1051.605 What are the provisions for exempting vehicles from the
requirements of this part if they use engines you have certified
under the motor-vehicle program or the Large Spark-ignition (SI)
program?
1051.610 What are the provisions for producing recreational
vehicles with engines already certified under the motor-vehicle
program or the Large SI program?
1051.615 What are the special provisions for certifying small
recreational engines?
1051.620 When may a manufacturer introduce into commerce an
uncertified

[[Page 51220]]

recreational vehicle to be used for competition?
1051.625 What special provisions apply to unique snowmobile
designs?
Subpart H--Averaging, Banking, and Trading for Certification
1051.701 General provisions.
1051.705 How do I average emission levels?
1051.710 How do I generate and bank emission credits?
1051.715 How do I trade emission credits?
1051.720 How do I calculate my average emission level or emission
credits?
1051.725 What information must I retain?
1051.730 What information must I report?
Subpart I--Definitions and Other Reference Information
1051.801 What definitions apply to this part?
1051.805 What symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations does this part
use?
1051.810 What materials does this part reference?
1051.815 How should I request EPA to keep my information
confidential?
1051.820 How do I request a public hearing?

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671(q).

Subpart A--Determining How To Follow This Part

Sec. 1051.1 Does this part apply to me?

(a) This part applies to you if you manufacture or import any of
the following recreational vehicles or engines used in them, unless we
exclude them under Sec. 1051.5 or exempt them under Sec. 1051.620:
(1) Snowmobiles.
(2) Off-highway motorcycles.
(3) All-terrain vehicles (ATVs).
(b) Note in subpart G of this part that 40 CFR part 1068 applies to
everyone, including anyone who manufactures, installs, owns, operates,
or rebuilds any of the vehicles or engines this part covers.
(c) You need not follow this part for vehicles you produce before
the 2006 model year, unless you certify voluntarily. See Sec. 1051.101,
Sec. 1051.145, and the definition of model year in Sec. 1051.801 for
more information about the timing of new requirements.
(d) See Secs. 1051.801 and 1051.805 for definitions and acronyms
that apply to this part.

Sec. 1051.5 May I exclude any vehicles from this part's requirements?

(a) You may exclude vehicles with compression-ignition engines. See
40 CFR part 89 for regulations that cover these engines.
(b) See subpart G of this part and 40 CFR part 1068, subpart C, for
exemptions of specific engines.
(c) We may require you to label an engine or vehicle (or both) if
this section excludes it and other requirements in this chapter do not
apply.
(d) Send the Designated Officer a written request with supporting
documentation if you want us to determine whether this part covers or
excludes certain vehicles. Excluding engines from this part's
requirements does not affect other requirements that may apply to them.

Sec. 1051.10 What main steps must I take to comply with this part?

(a) You must get a certificate of conformity from us for each
engine family before do any of the following things with a new vehicle
or new engine covered by this part: sell, offer for sale, introduce
into commerce, distribute or deliver for introduction into commerce, or
import it into the United States. ``New'' vehicles or engines may
include some already placed in service (see the definition of ``new''
in Sec. 1051.801). You must get a new certificate of conformity for
each new model year.
(b) To get a certificate of conformity and comply with its terms,
you must do four things:
(1) Meet the emission standards and other requirements in subpart B
of this part.
(2) Apply for certification (see subpart C of this part).
(3) Do routine emission testing on production vehicles or engines
(see subpart D of this part).
(4) Follow our instructions throughout this part.
(c) Subpart F of this part and 40 CFR parts 86 and 1065 describe
how you must test your vehicles or engines. Subpart F of this part
describes when you may test the engine alone instead of the entire
vehicle.
(d) Subpart G of this part and 40 CFR part 1068 describe
requirements and prohibitions that apply to manufacturers, owners,
operators, rebuilders, and all others. They also describe exemptions
available for special circumstances.

Sec. 1051.15 Do any other regulation parts affect me?

(a) Parts 86 and 1065 of this chapter describe procedures and
equipment specifications for testing vehicles and engines. Subpart F of
this part describes how to apply part 86 or 1065 of this chapter to
show you meet the emission standards in this part.
(b) Part 1068 of this chapter describes general provisions,
including these seven areas:
(1) Prohibited acts and penalties for manufacturers and others.
(2) Rebuilding and other aftermarket changes.
(3) Exemptions for certain vehicles and engines.
(4) Importing vehicles and engines.
(5) Selective enforcement audits of your production.
(6) Defect reporting and recall.
(7) Procedures for public hearings.
(c) Other parts of this chapter affect you if referenced in this
part.

Sec. 1051.20 May I certify a recreational engine instead of the
vehicle?

(a) You may certify engines sold separately from vehicles in either
of two cases:
(1) If you manufacture recreational engines but not recreational
vehicles, you may ask to certify the engine alone. In your request,
explain why you cannot certify the entire vehicle.
(2) If you manufacture complete recreational vehicles containing
engines you also sell separately, you may ask to certify all these
engines in a single engine family or in separate engine families.
(b) If you certify an engine under this section, you must use the
test procedures in subpart F of this part. If the test procedures
require chassis testing, use good engineering judgment to install the
engine in an appropriate vehicle for measuring emissions.
(c) If we allow you to certify recreational engines, we may tell
you how to ensure the engine will comply with emission standards after
it is in a vehicle. If we do not tell you what to do, use good
engineering judgment to ensure that the engine will meet standards
after installation. You must comply with Sec. 1051.130.
(d) Do not use the provisions of this section to circumvent or
reduce the stringency of this part's standards or other requirements.

Subpart B--Emission Standards and Related Requirements

Sec. 1051.100 What exhaust emission standards must my vehicles meet?

Your vehicles must meet the following exhaust emission standards:
(a) For snowmobiles, see Sec. 1051.101.
(b) For off-highway motorcycles, see Sec. 1051.102.
(c) For all-terrain vehicles, see Sec. 1051.103.
(d) Apply this subpart to all testing, including production-line
and in-use testing, as described in subparts D and E of this part.

Sec. 1051.101 What are the exhaust emission standards for snowmobiles?

(a) Apply the exhaust emission standards in this section by model
year while measuring emissions with snowmobile test procedures in
subpart F of this part.

[[Page 51221]]

(b) Follow Table 1 of this section for exhaust emission standards.
You may use the averaging, banking, and trading provisions of subpart H
of this part to show compliance with these standards. Table 1 also
shows the maximum value you may specify for a Family Emission Limit, as
follows:

Table 1 of Sec. 1051.101.--Exhaust Emission Standards for Snowmobiles (g/kW-hr)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emission standards Maximum allowable family
--------------------------------- emission limits
Phase--Model year -------------------------------
HC CO HC CO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phase 1--2007-2009............................. 100 275 150 400
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phase 2--2010 and later........................ 75 200 150 400
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(c) You may also follow the voluntary standards in Table 2 of this
section while measuring emissions with the test procedures in subpart F
of this part. If you certify snowmobiles under this paragraph (c), you
must meet the emission standards and all testing and reporting
requirements. Table 2 follows:

Table 2 of Sec. 1051.101.--Voluntary Exhaust Emission Standards for
Snowmobiles (g/kW-hr)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emission standards
Model year -------------------------
HC CO
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002-2009..................................... 75 200
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 and later................................ 45 120
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(d) Apply the exhaust emission standards in this section for
snowmobiles using all fuels. You must meet the numerical emission
standards for hydrocarbons in this section based on the following types
of hydrocarbon emissions for snowmobiles powered by the following
fuels:
(1) Gasoline- and LPG-fueled snowmobiles: THC emissions.
(2) Natural gas-fueled snowmobiles: NMHC emissions.
(3) Alcohol-fueled snowmobiles: THCE emissions.
(e) You must show in your certification application that your
snowmobiles meet emission standards over their full useful life. The
minimum useful life is 300 hours of operation or five years, whichever
comes first. Specify a longer useful life under either of two
conditions:
(1) If you design, advertise, or market your snowmobile to operate
longer than the minimum useful life (your recommended time until
rebuild may indicate a longer design life).
(2) If your basic mechanical warranty is longer than the minimum
useful life.
(f) Refer to Sec. 1051.240 to apply deterioration factors.

Sec. 1051.102 What are the exhaust emission standards for off-highway
motorcycles?

(a) Apply the exhaust emission standards in this section by model
year while measuring emissions with off-highway motorcycle test
procedures in subpart F of this part.
(b) Follow Table 1 of this section for exhaust emission standards.
You may use the averaging, banking, and trading provisions of subpart H
of this part to show compliance with these HC+NO_X standards.
The phase-in percentages in the following table specify the percentage
of your production that must comply with the emission standards for
those model years:

Table 1 of Sec. 1051.102.--Exhaust Emission Standards for Off-Highway Motorcycles (g/km)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emission standards Maximum
-------------------------------- allowable
family
Model year--phase-in emission
HC+NO_X CO limits
---------------
HC+NO_X
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2006--50%....................................................... 2.0 25.0 20.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2007 and later--100%............................................ 2.0 25.0 20.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(c) You may also follow the voluntary standards in Table 2 of this
section while measuring emissions with the test procedures in subpart F
of this part. If you certify off-highway motorcycles under this
paragraph (c), you must meet the emission standards and all testing and
reporting requirements. Table 2 follows:

Table 2 of Sec. 1051.102.--Voluntary Exhaust Emission Standards for Off-
Highway Motorcycles (g/km)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emission standards
Model year ---------------------------
HC+NO_X CO
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 and later.............................. 0.8 15
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 51222]]

Specify a longer useful life under either of two conditions:
(1) If you design, advertise, or market your snowmobile to operate
longer than the minimum useful life (your recommended time until
rebuild may indicate a longer design life).
(2) If your basic mechanical warranty is longer than the minimum
useful life.
(f) Refer to Sec. 1051.240 to apply deterioration factors.

Sec. 1051.102 What are the exhaust emission standards for allterrain
vehicles (ATVs)?

(a) Apply the exhaust emission standards in this section by model
year while measuring emissions with ATV test procedures in subpart F of
this part.
(b) Follow Table 1 of this section for exhaust emission standards.
You may use the averaging, banking, and trading provisions of subpart H
of this part to show compliance with these HC+NO_X standards.
Table 1 also shows the maximum value you may specify for a Family
Emission Limit.
(1) The phase-in percentages in the table specify the percentage of
your production that must comply with the emission standards for those
model years.
(2) In the 2009 model year, you must produce the specified minimum
percentage of Phase 2 vehicles, while certifying any remaining vehilces
to Phase 1 standards.
(3) Table 1 follows:

Table 1 of Sec. 1051.103.--Exhaust Emission Standards for ATVs (g/km)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emission standards Maximum
-------------------------- allowable
family
Phase Model year Phase-in emission
(percent) HC+NO_X CO limits
------------
HC+NO_X
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phase 1............................. 2006.................. 50 2.0 25.0 20.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
2007 and 2008......... 100 2.0 25.0 20.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
2009.................. 50 2.0 25.0 20.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phase 2............................. 2009.................. 50 1.0 25.0 2.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
2010 and later........ 100 1.0 25.0 2.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(c) You may also follow the voluntary standards in Table 2 of this
section while measuring emissions with the test procedures in subpart F
of this part. If you certify ATVs under this paragraph (c), you must
meet the emission standards and all testing and reporting requirements.
Table 2 follows:

Table 2 of Sec. 1051.103.--Voluntary Exhaust Emission Standards for
ATVs (g/km)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emission standards
Model year ---------------------------
HC+NO_X CO
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 and later.............................. 0.8 12
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(d) Apply the exhaust emission standards in this section for ATVs
using all fuels. You must meet the numerical emission standards for
hydrocarbons in this section based on the following types of
hydrocarbon emissions for ATVs powered by the following fuels:
(1) Gasoline- and LPG-fueled ATVs: THC emissions.
(2) Natural gas-fueled ATVs: NMHC emissions.
(3) Alcohol-fueled ATVs: THCE emissions.
(e) You must show in your certification application that your ATVs
meet emission standards over their full useful life. The minimum useful
life is 30,000 km or five years, whichever comes first. Specify a
longer useful life under either of two conditions:
(1) If you design, advertise, or market your ATV to operate longer
than the minimum useful life (your recommended time until rebuild may
indicate a longer design life).
(2) If your basic mechanical warranty is longer than the minimum
useful life.
(f) Refer to Sec. 1051.240 to apply deterioration factors.

Sec. 1051.115 What other requirements must my vehicles meet?

Your vehicles must meet the following requirements:
(a) Closed crankcase. Design and produce your vehicles so they
release no crankcase emissions into the atmosphere.
(b) Emission sampling capability. Produce all your vehicles to
allow sampling of exhaust emissions in the field. This sampling
requires either exhaust ports downstream of any aftertreatment devices
or the ability to extend the exhaust pipe by 20 cm. This is necessary
to minimize any diluting effect from ambient air at the end of the
exhaust pipe.
(c) Adjustable parameters. If your vehicles have adjustable
parameters, make sure they meet all the requirements of this part for
any adjustment in the physically available range.
(1) We do not consider an operating parameter adjustable if you
permanently seal it or if ordinary tools cannot readily access it.
(2) We may require you to adjust the engine to any specification
within the adjustable range during certification testing, production-
line testing, selective enforcement auditing, or in-use testing.
(d) Other adjustments. This provision applies if an experienced
mechanic can change your engine's air-fuel ratio in less than one hour
with a few parts whose total cost is under $50 (in 2001 dollars). An
example is carburetor jets. In this case, your vehicle must meet all
the requirements of this part for any air/fuel ratio within the
adjustable range described in paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
(1) In your application for certification, specify the adjustable
range of air/fuel ratios you expect to occur in use. You may specify it
in terms of engine parts (such as the carburetor jet's size). This
adjustable range must include all air/fuel ratios between the lean
limit and the rich limit, unless you can show that some air/fuel ratios
will not occur in use.
(i) The lean limit is the air/fuel ratio that produces the highest
engine power output (averaged over the test cycle).
(ii) The rich limit is the richest of the following air/fuel
ratios:

[[Page 51223]]

(A) The air/fuel ratio when you produce it.
(B) The air/fuel ratio when you do durability testing.
(C) The richest air-fuel ratio that you recommend to your
customers.
(2) We may require you to adjust the engine to any specification
within the adjustable range during certification testing, production-
line testing, selective enforcement auditing, or in-use testing.
(e) Prohibited controls. You may not design engines with an
emission-control system that emits any noxious or toxic substance that
the engine would not emit during operation in the absence of such a
system, except as specifically permitted by regulation.
(f) Defeat devices. You may not equip your vehicles with a defeat
device. A defeat device is an auxiliary emission-control device or
other control feature that reduces the effectiveness of emission
controls under conditions you may reasonably expect the vehicle to
encounter during normal operation and use. This does not apply to
auxiliary emission-control devices you identify in your certification
application if any of the following is true:
(1) The conditions of concern were substantially included in your
prescribed duty cycles.
(2) You show your design is necessary to prevent catastrophic
vehicle damage or accidents.
(3) The reduced effectiveness applies only to starting the engine.
(g) Noise standards. See 40 CFR chapter I, subchapter G, to
determine if your vehicle must meet noise emission standards.

Sec. 1051.120 What warranty requirements apply to me?

(a) You must warrant to the ultimate buyer that the new vehicle
meets two conditions:
(1) You have designed, built, and equipped it to meet the
requirements of this part.
(2) It is free from defects in materials and workmanship that may
keep it from meeting these requirements.
(b) Your emission-related warranty must be valid for at least 50
percent of the vehicle's useful life in kilometers (or hours) of
operation or at least three years, whichever comes first. You may offer
a warranty more generous than we require. This warranty may not be
shorter than any published or negotiated warranty you offer for the
vehicle or any of its components. If a vehicle has no tamper-proof
odometer (or hour meter), we base warranty periods in this paragraph
(b) only on the vehicle's age (in years).
(c) Your emission-related warranty must cover components whose
failure would increase a vehicle's emissions, including electronic
controls, fuel injection, exhaust-gas recirculation, aftertreatment, or
any other system you develop to control emissions. In general, we
consider replacing or repairing other components to be the owner's
responsibility.
(d) You may exclude from your warranty a component named in
paragraph (c) of this section, if it meets two conditions:
(1) It was in general use on similar vehicles before January 1,
2000.
(2) Its failure would clearly degrade the vehicle's performance
enough that the operator would need to repair or replace it.
(e) You may limit your emission-related warranty's validity to
properly maintained vehicles, as described in Sec. 1068.115 of this
chapter.
(f) If you make an aftermarket part, you may--but do not have to--
certify that using the part will still allow vehicles to meet emission
standards, as described in Sec. 85.2114 of this chapter.

Sec. 1051.125 What maintenance instructions must I give to buyers?

Give the ultimate buyer of each new vehicle written instructions
for properly maintaining and using the vehicle, including the emission-
control system. The maintenance instructions also apply to service
accumulation on your test vehicles or engines, as described in 40 CFR
part 1065, subpart E.
(a) Critical emission-related maintenance. You may schedule
critical maintenance on particular devices if you meet the following
conditions:
(1) You may ask us to approve maintenance on air-injection, fuel-
system, or ignition components, aftertreatment devices, exhaust gas
recirculation systems, crankcase ventilation valves, or oxygen sensors
only if it meets two criteria:
(i) Operators are reasonably likely to do the maintenance you call
for.
(ii) Vehicles need the maintenance to meet emission standards.
(2) We will accept scheduled maintenance as reasonably likely to
occur in use if you satisfy any of four conditions:
(i) You present data showing that, if a lack of maintenance
increases emissions, it also unacceptably degrades the vehicle's
performance.
(ii) You present survey data showing that 80 percent of vehicles in
the field get the maintenance you specify at the recommended intervals.
(iii) You provide the maintenance free of charge and clearly say so
in maintenance instructions for the customer.
(iv) You otherwise show us that the maintenance is reasonably
likely to be done at the recommended intervals.
(b) Minimum maintenance intervals. You may not schedule emission-
related maintenance within the minimum useful life period for
aftertreatment devices, fuel injectors, sensors, electronic control
units, and turbochargers.
(c) Noncritical emission-related maintenance. For engine parts not
listed in paragraph (a) or (b) of this section, you may recommend any
additional amount of inspection or maintenance. But you must state
clearly that these steps are not necessary to keep the emission-related
warranty valid. Also, do not take these inspection or maintenance steps
during service accumulation on your test vehicles or engines.
(d) Source of parts and repairs. Print clearly on the first page of
your written maintenance instructions that any repair shop or person
may maintain, replace, or repair emission-control devices and systems.
Make sure your instructions require no component or service identified
by brand, trade, or corporate name. Also, do not directly or indirectly
distinguish between service by companies with which you have a
commercial relationship and service by independent repair shops or the
owner. You may disregard the requirements in this paragraph (d) if you
do one of two things:
(1) Provide a component or service without charge under the
purchase agreement.
(2) Get us to waive this prohibition in the public's interest by
convincing us the vehicle will work properly only with the identified
component or service.

Sec. 1051.130 What installation instructions must I give to vehicle
manufacturers?

(a) If you sell an engine for someone else to install in a
recreational vehicle, give the buyer of the vehicle written
instructions for installing it consistent with the requirements of this
part. Make sure these instructions have the following information:
(1) Include the heading: ``Emission-related installation
instructions.''
(2) State: ``Failing to follow these instructions when installing a
certified engine in a recreational vehicle violates federal law (40 CFR
1068.105(b)), subject to fines or other penalties as described in the
Clean Air Act.''.
(3) Describe any other instructions needed to install an exhaust

[[Page 51224]]

aftertreatment device consistent with your application for
certification.
(4) Describe any limits on the range of applications needed to
ensure that the engine operates consistently with your application for
certification. For example, if your engines are certified only to the
snowmobile standards, tell vehicle manufacturers not to install the
engines in other vehicles.
(5) Describe any other instructions to make sure the installed
engine will operate according to any design specifications you describe
in your application for certification.
(6) State: ``If you obscure the engine's emission label, you must
attach a duplicate label to your vehicle, as described in 40 CFR
1068.105.''.
(b) You do not need installation instructions for engines you
install in your own vehicle.

Sec. 1051.135 How must I label and identify the vehicles and engines I
produce?

(a) Assign each production engine a unique identification number
and permanently and legibly affix or engrave it on the engine.
(b) At the time of manufacture, add a permanent label identifying
each engine. To meet labeling requirements, do four things:
(1) Attach the label in one piece so it is not removable without
being destroyed or defaced.
(2) Design and produce it to be durable and readable for the
engine's entire life.
(3) Secure it to a part of the engine needed for normal operation
and not normally requiring replacement.
(4) Write it in block letters in English.
(c) On your engine label, do 13 things:
(1) Include the heading ``EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION.''
(2) Include your full corporate name and trademark.
(3) State: ``THIS VEHICLE IS CERTIFIED TO OPERATE ON [specify
operating fuel or fuels].''.
(4) Identify the emission-control system; your identifiers must use
names and abbreviations consistent with SAE J1930, which we incorporate
by reference (see Sec. 1051.810).
(5) List all requirements for fuel and lubricants.
(6) State the date of manufacture [DAY (optional), MONTH, and
YEAR]; if you stamp it on the engine and print it in the owner's
manual, you may omit this information from the label.
(7) State: ``THIS VEHICLE MEETS U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY REGULATIONS FOR [MODEL YEAR]
[SNOWMOBILES or OFF-ROAD
MOTORCYCLES or ATVS].''.
(8) Include EPA's standardized designation for the engine family.
(9) State the engine's displacement (in liters) and rated power.
(10) State the engine's useful life (see Sec. 1051.100(h).
(11) List specifications and adjustments for engine tuneups; show
the proper position for the transmission during tuneup and state which
accessories should be operating.
(12) Describe other information on proper maintenance and use.
(13) Identify the emission standards or Family Emission Limits to
which you have certified the engine.
(d) Some of your engines may need more information on the label. If
you produce an engine or vehicle that we exempt from the requirements
of this part, see 40 CFR part 1068, subparts C and D, for more label
information.
(e) Some engines may not have enough space for a label with all the
required information. In this case, you may omit the information
required in paragraphs (c)(3), (c)(4), (c)(5), and (c)(12) of this
section if you print it in the owner's manual instead.
(f) If you are unable to meet these labeling requirements, you may
ask us to modify them consistent with the intent of this section.
(g) If you obscure the engine label while installing the engine in
the vehicle, you must place a duplicate label on the vehicle. If
someone else installs the engine in a vehicle, give them duplicate
labels if they ask for them (see 40 CFR 1068.105).

Sec. 1051.145 What provisions apply only for a limited time?

Apply the following provisions instead of others in this part for
the periods and circumstances specified in this section.
(a) Provisions for small-volume manufacturers. Special provisions
apply to you if you are a small-volume manufacturer subject to the
requirements of this part.
(1) You may delay complying with otherwise applicable emission
standards (and other requirements) for two model years.
(2) If you are a small-volume manufacturer of snowmobiles, at least
50 percent of the models you produce must meet emission standards in
the first two years they apply, as described in paragraph (a)(1) of
this section.
(3) Your vehicles for model years before 2011 may be exempt from
the requirements and prohibitions of this part if you meet four
criteria:
(i) Produce your vehicles by installing engines covered by a valid
certificate of conformity under 40 CFR part 90 that shows the engines
meet standards for Class II engines for each engine's model year.
(ii) Do not change the engine in a way that we could reasonably
expect to increase its exhaust emissions.
(iii) Make sure the engine meets all applicable requirements from
40 CFR part 90. This applies to engine manufacturers, vehicle
manufacturers who use these engines, and all other persons as if these
engines were not used in recreational vehicles.
(iv) Make sure that fewer than 50 percent of the engine model's
total sales, from all companies, are used in recreational vehicles
regulated under this part.
(b) Optional emission standards for Phase 1 ATVs. To meet Phase 1
ATV standards, you may apply the exhaust emission standards by model
year in paragraph (b)(1) of this section while measuring emissions
using the engine-based test procedures in 40 CFR part 1065 instead of
the chassis-based test procedures in 40 CFR part 86.
(1) Follow Table 1 of this section for exhaust emission standards,
while meeting all the other requirements of Sec. 1051.103. You may use
emission credits to show compliance with these standards (see subpart H
of this part). You may not exchange emission credits with engine
families meeting the standards in Sec. 1051.103. You may also not
exchange credits between engine families certified above 225 cc and
engine families certified below 225 cc.
(i) The phase-in percentages in the table specify the percentage of
your production that must comply with the emission standards for those
model years.
(ii) In the 2009 model year, you may produce fewer vehicles meeting
Phase 1 standards if they are instead certified to Phase 2 standards.
(iii) Table 1 follows:

[[Page 51225]]

Table 1 of Sec. 1051.145.--Optional Exhaust Emission Standards for Phase 1 ATVs (g/kW-hr)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emission standards Maximum
-------------------------- allowable
family
Engine displacement Model year Phase-in emission
(percent) HC+NO_X CO limits
------------
HC+NO_X
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
225 cc.............................. 2006.................. 50 16.1 400 32.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
2007 and 2008......... 100 16.1 400 32.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
2009.................. 50 16.1 400 32.2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
³225 cc................... 2006.................. 50 13.4 400 26.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
2007 and 2008......... 100 13.4 400 26.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
2009.................. 50 13.4 400 26.8
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(2) Measure emissions by testing the engine on a dynamometer with
the steady-state duty cycle described in Table 2 of this section.
(i) During idle mode, hold the speed within your specifications,
keep the throttle fully closed, and keep engine torque under 5 percent
of the peak torque value at maximum test speed.
(ii) For the full-load operating mode, operate the engine at its
maximum fueling rate.
(iii) See part 1065 of this chapter for detailed specifications of
tolerances and calculations.
(iv) Table 2 follows:

Table 2 of Sec. 1051.145.--6-Mode Duty Cycle for Recreational Engines
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimum
Engine time in Weighting
Mode No. speed Torque mode factors
(minutes)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1........................................................... 85 100 5.0 0.09
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2........................................................... 85 75 5.0 0.20
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3........................................................... 85 50 5.0 0.29
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4........................................................... 85 25 5.0 0.30
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5........................................................... 85 10 5.0 0.07
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6........................................................... Idle 0 5.0 0.05
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(c) For model years before 2011, if you are a small-volume
manufacturer, your vehicles may be exempt from the requirements and
prohibitions of this part if you meet all the following criteria:
(1) You must produce them by installing engines covered by a valid
certificate of conformity under 40 CFR part 90 showing that the engines
meet the standards for Class II engines for each engine's model year.
(2) You must not make any changes to the engine that we could
reasonably expect to increase its exhaust emissions.
(3) You must make sure the engine meets all the requirements from
40 CFR part 90 that apply. The requirements and restrictions of 40 CFR
part 90 apply to anyone manufacturing these engines, anyone
manufacturing vehicles that use these engines, and all other persons in
the same manner as if these engines were not used in recreational
vehicles.
(4) You must make sure that fewer than 50 percent of the engine
model's total sales, from all companies, are used in recreational
vehicles.

Subpart C--Certifying Engine Families

Sec. 1051.201 What are the general requirements for submitting a
certification application?

(a) Send us an application for a certificate of conformity for each
engine family. Each application is valid for only one model year.
(b) The application must not include false or incomplete statements
or information (see Sec. 1051.250).
(c) We may choose to ask you to send us less information than we
specify in this subpart, but this would not change your recordkeeping
requirements.
(d) Use good engineering judgment for all decisions related to your
application (see Sec. 1068.5 of this chapter).
(e) An authorized representative of your company must approve and
sign the application.

Sec. 1051.205 How must I prepare my application?

In your application, you must do all the following things:
(a) Describe the engine family's specifications and other basic
parameters of the vehicle design. List the types of fuel you intend to
use to certify the engine family (for example, gasoline, liquefied
petroleum gas, methanol, or natural gas).
(b) Explain how the emission-control system operates. Describe in
detail all the system's components, auxiliary emission-control devices,
and all fuel-system components you will install on

[[Page 51226]]

any production or test vehicle or engine. Explain why any auxiliary
emission-control devices are not defeat devices (see Sec. 1051.115(f)).
Do not include detailed calibrations for components unless we ask for
them.
(c) Describe the vehicles or engines you selected for testing and
the reasons for selecting them.
(d) Describe any special or alternate test procedures you used (see
Sec. 1051.501).
(e) Identify the duty cycle and the number of engine operating
hours used to stabilize emission levels. Describe any scheduled
maintenance you did.
(f) List the specifications of the test fuel to show that it falls
within the required ranges we specify in 40 CFR part 1065, subpart C.
(g) Identify the engine family's useful life.
(h) Propose maintenance and use instructions for the ultimate buyer
of each new vehicle (see Sec. 1051.125).
(i) Propose emission-related installation instructions if you sell
engines for someone else to install in a vehicle (see Sec. 1051.130).
(j) Propose an emission-control label.
(k) Present emission data for HC, NO_X (where
applicable), and CO on a test vehicle or engine to show your vehicles
meet the emission standards we specify in subpart B of this part. Show
these figures before and after applying deterioration factors for each
vehicle or engine. Include test data for each type of fuel on which you
intend for vehicles in the engine family to operate (for example,
gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas, methanol, or natural gas).
(l) Report all test results, including those from invalid tests or
from any nonstandard tests (such as measurements based on exhaust
concentrations in parts per million).
(m) Identify the engine family's deterioration factors and describe
how you developed them. Present any emission test data you used for
this.
(n) Describe all adjustable operating parameters and other
adjustments (see Sec. 1051.115(c) and (d)), including the following:
(1) The nominal or recommended setting and the associated
production tolerances.
(2) The intended physically adjustable range.
(3) The limits or stops used to establish adjustable ranges.
(4) Production tolerances of the limits or stops used to establish
each physically adjustable range.
(5) Where applicable, information showing that someone cannot
readily modify the engines to operate outside the physically adjustable
range.
(6) The air/fuel ratios specified in Sec. 1051.115(d).
(o) State that you operated your test vehicles or engines according
to the specified procedures and test parameters using the fuels
described in the application to show you meet the requirements of this
part.
(p) State unconditionally that all the vehicles (and/or engines) in
the engine family comply with the requirements of this part, other
referenced parts, and the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.)
(q) Include estimates of vehicle production.
(r) Add other information to help us evaluate your application if
we ask for it.

Sec. 1051.210 May I get preliminary approval before I complete my
application?

If you send us information before you finish the application, we
will review it and make any appropriate determinations listed in
Sec. 1051.215(b) within 90 days of your request. If we need to ask you
for further information, we will extend the 90-day period by the number
of days we wait for your response.

Sec. 1051.215 What happens after I complete my application?

(a) If any of the information in your application changes after you
submit it, amend it as described in Sec. 1051.225.
(b) We may decide that we cannot approve your application unless
you revise it.
(1) If you inappropriately use the provisions of Sec. 1051.230(c)
or (d) to define a broader or narrower engine family, we will require
you to redefine your engine family.
(2) If we determine your selected useful life for the engine family
is too short, we will require you to lengthen it (see Sec. 1051.101(e),
Sec. 1051.102(e), or Sec. 1051.103(e)).
(3) If we determine your deterioration factors are not appropriate,
we will require you to revise them (see Sec. 1051.240(c)).
(4) If your proposed label is inconsistent with Sec. 1051.135, we
will require you to change it (and tell you how, if possible).
(5) If you require or recommend maintenance and use instructions
inconsistent with Sec. 1051.125, we will require you to change them.
(6) If we find any other problem with your application, we will
tell you how to correct it.
(c) If we determine your application is complete and shows you meet
all the requirements, we will issue a certificate of conformity for
your engine family for that model year. If we deny the application, we
will explain why in writing. You may then ask us to hold a hearing to
reconsider our decision (see Sec. 1051.820).

Sec. 1051.220 How do I amend the maintenance instructions in my
application?

Send the Designated Officer a request to amend your application for
certification for an engine family if you want to change the
maintenance instructions in a way that could affect emissions. In your
request, describe the proposed changes to the maintenance instructions.
Unless we disapprove it, you may distribute the new maintenance
instructions to your customers 30 days after we receive your request.
We may also approve a shorter time or waive this requirement.

Sec. 1051.225 How do I amend my application to include new or modified
vehicles?

(a) You must amend your application for certification before you
take either of the following actions:
(1) Add a vehicle to a certificate of conformity.
(2) Make a design change for a certified engine family that may
affect emissions or an emission-related part over the vehicle's
lifetime.
(b) Send the Designated Officer a request to amend the application
for certification for an engine family. In your request, do all of the
following:
(1) Describe the vehicle model or configuration you are adding or
changing.
(2) Include engineering evaluations or reasons why the original
test vehicle or engine is or is not still appropriate.
(3) If the original test vehicle or engine for the engine family is
not appropriate to show compliance for the new or modified vehicle,
include new test data showing that the new or modified vehicle meets
the requirements of this part.
(c) You may start producing the new or modified vehicle anytime
after you send us your request.
(d) You must give us test data within 30 days if we ask for more
testing, or stop producing the vehicle if you are not able do this.
(e) If we determine that the certificate of conformity would not
cover your new or modified vehicle, we will send you a written
explanation of our decision. In this case, you may no longer produce
these vehicles, though you may ask for a hearing for us to reconsider
our decision (see Sec. 1051.820).

Sec. 1051.230 How do I select engine families?

(a) Divide your product line into families of vehicles that you
expect to

[[Page 51227]]

have similar emission characteristics. Your engine family is limited to
a single model year.
(b) Group vehicles in the same engine family if they are identical
in all of the following aspects:
(1) The combustion cycle.
(2) The cooling system (water-cooled vs. air-cooled).
(3) The number and arrangement of cylinders.
(4) The number, location, volume, and composition of catalytic
converters.
(5) Method of air aspiration.
(6) Bore and stroke.
(7) Configuration of the combustion chamber.
(8) Location of intake and exhaust valves or ports.
(c) In some cases you may subdivide a group of vehicles that is
identical under paragraph (b) of this section into different engine
families. To do so, you must show you expect emission characteristics
to be different during the useful life or that any of the following
engine characteristics are different:
(1) Method of actuating intake and exhaust timing (poppet valve,
reed valve, rotary valve, etc.).
(2) Sizes of intake and exhaust valves or ports.
(3) Type of fuel.
(4) Configuration of the fuel system.
(5) Exhaust system.
(d) In some cases, you may include different engines in the same
engine family, even though they are not identical with respect to the
things listed in paragraph (b) of this section.
(1) If you show that different engines have similar emission
characteristics during the useful life, we may approve grouping them in
the same engine family.
(2) If you are a small-volume manufacturer, you may group engines
from any vehicles subject to the same emission standards into a single
engine family. This does not change any of the requirements of this
part for showing that an engine family meets emission standards.
(e) If you cannot define engine families by the method in this
section, we will define them based on features related to emission
characteristics.

Sec. 1051.235 How does testing fit with my application for a
certificate of conformity?

This section describes how to test vehicles or engines in your
effort to apply for a certificate of conformity.
(a) Test your vehicles or engines using the procedures and
equipment specified in subpart F of this part.
(b) Select from each engine family a test vehicle or engine for
each fuel type with a configuration you believe is most likely to
exceed the emission standards. Using good engineering judgment,
consider the emission levels of all exhaust constituents over the full
useful life of the vehicle.
(c) You may submit emission data for equivalent engine families
from previous years instead of doing new tests, but only if the data
shows that the test vehicle or engine would meet all the requirements
for the latest vehicle or engine models. We may require you to do new
emission testing if we believe the latest vehicle or engine models
could be substantially different from the previously tested vehicle or
engine.
(d) We may choose to measure emissions from any of your test
vehicles or engines.
(1) If we do this, you must provide the test vehicle or engine at
the location we select. We may decide to do the testing at your plant
or any other facility. If we choose to do the testing at your plant,
you must schedule it as soon as possible and make available the
instruments and equipment we need.
(2) If we measure emissions on one of your test vehicles or
engines, the results of that testing become the official data for the
vehicle or engine. Unless we later invalidate this data, we may decide
not to consider your data in determining if your engine family meets
the emission standards.
(3) Before we test one of your vehicles or engines, we may set its
adjustable parameters to any point within the physically adjustable
ranges (see Sec. 1051.115(c)) we may also adjust the air/fuel ratio
within the adjustable range specified in Sec. 1051.115(d).
(4) Calibrate the test vehicle or engine within the production
tolerances shown on the engine label for anything we do not consider an
adjustable parameter (see Sec. 1051.205(m)).
(e) If you are a small-volume manufacturer, you may certify by
design on the basis of existing emission data from comparable vehicles,
in accordance with good engineering judgment. In those cases, you are
not required to test your vehicles.

Sec. 1051.240 How do I determine if my engine family complies with
emission standards?

(a) Your engine family complies with the numerical emission
standards in subpart B of this part if all emission-data vehicles
representing that family have test results showing emission levels at
or below the standards.
(b) Your engine family does not comply if any emission-data vehicle
representing that family has test results showing emission levels above
the standards for any pollutant.
(c) To compare emission levels from the emission-data vehicle with
the emission standards, apply deterioration factors (to three decimal
places) to the measured emission levels. The deterioration factor is a
number that shows the relationship between exhaust emissions at the end
of useful life and at the low-hour test point. Section 1051.520
specifies how to test your vehicle to develop deterioration factors
that estimate the change in emissions over your vehicle's full useful
life. Small-volume manufacturers may use assigned deterioration factors
established by EPA. Apply the deterioration factors as follows:
(1) For vehicles that use aftertreatment technology, such as
catalytic converters, the deterioration factor is the ratio of exhaust
emissions at the end of useful life to exhaust emissions at the low-
hour test point. Adjust the official emission results for each tested
vehicle at the selected test point by multiplying the measured
emissions by the deterioration factor. If the factor is less than one,
use one.
(2) For vehicles that do not use aftertreatment technology, the
deterioration factor is the difference between exhaust emissions at the
end of useful life and exhaust emissions at the low-hour test point.
Adjust the official emission results for each tested vehicle at the
selected test point by adding the factor to the measured emissions. If
the factor is less than zero, use zero.
(d) After adjusting the emission levels for deterioration, round
them to the same number of decimal places as the standard. Compare the
rounded emission levels to the emission standard for each test vehicle.

Sec. 1051.245 What records must I keep and make available to EPA?

[[Page 51228]]

(iii) All maintenance (including modifications, parts changes, and
other service) and the dates and reasons for the maintenance.
(iv) All your emission tests, including documentation on routine
and standard tests, as specified in part 1065 of this chapter, and the
date and purpose of each test.
(v) All tests to diagnose engine or emission-control performance,
giving the date and time of each and the reasons for the test.
(vi) Any other significant events.
(b) Keep data from routine emission tests (such as test cell
temperatures and relative humidity readings) for one year after we
issue the associated certificate of conformity. Keep all other
information specified in paragraph (a) of this section for eight years
after we issue your certificate.
(c) Store these records in any format and on any media, as long as
you can promptly send us organized, written records in English if we
ask for them.
(d) Send us copies of any maintenance instructions or explanations
if we ask for them.

Sec. 1051.250 When may EPA deny, revoke, or void my certificate of
conformity?

(a) We may deny your application for certification if your
emission-data vehicles fail to comply with emission standards or other
requirements. Our decision may be based on any information available to
us. If we deny your application, we will explain why in writing.
(b) In addition, we may deny your application or revoke your
certificate if you do any of the following:
(1) Refuse to comply with any testing or reporting requirements.
(2) Submit false or incomplete information (paragraph (d) of this
section applies if this is fraudulent).
(3) Render inaccurate any test data.
(4) Deny us from completing authorized activities despite our
presenting a warrant or court order (see Sec. 1068.20 of this chapter).
(5) Produce vehicle or engines for importation into the United
States at a location where local law prohibits us from carrying out
authorized activities.
(c) We may void your certificate if you do not keep the records we
require or do not give us information when we ask for it.
(d) We may void your certificate if we find that you committed
fraud to get it. This means intentionally submitting false or
incomplete information.
(e) If we deny your application or revoke or void your certificate,
you may ask for a hearing (see Sec. 1051.820). Any such hearing will be
limited to substantial and factual issues.

Subpart D--Testing Production-Line Engines

Sec. 1051.301 When must I test my production-line vehicles or engines?

(a) If you certify vehicles to the standards of this part, you must
test them as described in this subpart. If your vehicle is certified to
g/kW-hr standards, then test the engine; otherwise, test the vehicle.
The provisions of this subpart do not apply to small-volume
manufacturers.
(b) We may suspend or revoke your certificate of conformity for
certain engine families if your production-line vehicles or engines do
not meet emission standards or you do not fulfill your obligations
under this subpart (see Secs. 1051.325 and 1051.340).
(c) The requirements of this part do not affect our ability to do
selective enforcement audits, as described in part 1068 of this
chapter.
(d) You may ask to use an alternate program for testing production-
line vehicles or engines. In your request, you must show us that the
alternate program gives equal assurance that your products meet the
requirements of this part. If we approve your alternate program, we may
waive some or all of this part's requirements.
(e) If you certify an engine family with carryover emission data,
as described in Sec. 1051.235(c), and these equivalent engine families
consistently meet the emission standards with production-line testing
over the preceding two-year period, you may ask for a reduced testing
rate for further production-line testing for that family. The minimum
testing rate is one vehicle or engine per engine family. If we reduce
your testing rate, we may limit our approval to a single model year.
(f) We may ask you to make a reasonable number of production-line
vehicles or engines available for a reasonable time so we can test or
inspect them for compliance with the requirements of this part.

Sec. 1051.305 How must I prepare and test my production-line vehicles
or engines?

(a) Test procedures. Test your production-line vehicles or engines
using the applicable testing procedures in subpart F of this part to
show you meet the emission standards in subpart B of this part.
(b) Modifying a test vehicle or engine. Once a vehicle or engine is
selected for testing (see Sec. 1051.310), you may adjust, repair,
prepare, or modify it or check its emissions only if one of the
following is true:
(1) You document the need for doing so in your procedures for
assembling and inspecting all your production vehicles or engines and
make the action routine for all the vehicles or engines in the engine
family.
(2) This subpart otherwise specifically allows your action.
(3) We approve your action in advance.
(c) Malfunction. If a vehicle or engine malfunction prevents
further emission testing, ask us to approve your decision to either
repair it or delete it from the test sequence.
(d) Setting adjustable parameters. Before any test, we may adjust
or require you to adjust any adjustable parameter to any setting within
its physically adjustable range.
(1) We may adjust idle speed outside the physically adjustable
range as needed until the vehicle or engine has stabilized emission
levels (see paragraph (e) of this section). We may ask you for
information needed to establish an alternate minimum idle speed.
(2) We may make or specify adjustments within the physically
adjustable range by considering their effect on emission levels, as
well as how likely it is someone will make such an adjustment with in-
use vehicles.
(e) Stabilizing emission levels. Before you test production-line
vehicles or engines, you may operate the vehicle or engine to stabilize
the emission levels. Using good engineering judgment, operate your
vehicles or engines in a way that represents the way they will be used.
You may operate each vehicle or engine for no more than the greater of
two periods:
(1) 50 hours.
(2) The number of hours you operated your emission-data vehicle for
certifying the engine family (see 40 CFR part 1065, subpart E).
(f) Damage during shipment. If shipping a vehicle or engine to a
remote facility for production-line testing makes necessary an
adjustment or repair, you must wait until after the after the initial
emission test to do this work. We may waive this requirement if the
test would be impossible or unsafe, or if it would permanently damage
the vehicle or engine. Report to us, in your written report under
Sec. 1051.345, all adjustments or repairs you make on test vehicles or
engines before each test.
(g) Retesting after invalid tests. You may retest a vehicle or
engine if you determine an emission test is invalid. Explain in your
written report reasons for invalidating any test and the emission
results from all tests. If you retest a vehicle or engine and, within
ten days after testing, ask to substitute results of the new tests for
the original

[[Page 51229]]

ones, we will answer within ten days after we receive your information.

Sec. 1051.310 How must I select vehicles or engines for production-
line testing?

(a) Use test results from two vehicles or engines for each engine
family to calculate the required sample size for the model year. Update
this calculation with each test.
(1) For engine families with projected annual sales of at least
1600, the test periods are consecutive quarters (3 months).
(2) For engine families with projected annual sales below 1600, the
test period is the whole model year.
(b) Early in each test period, randomly select and test an engine
from the end of the assembly line for each engine family.
(1) In the first test period for newly certified engines, randomly
select and test one more engine. Then, calculate the required sample
size for the test period as described in paragraph (c) of this section.
(2) In later test periods or for engine families relying on
previously submitted test data, combine the new test result with the
last test result from the previous test period. Then, calculate the
required sample size for the new test period as described in paragraph
(c) of this section.
(c) Calculate the required sample size for each engine family.
Separately calculate this figure for HC, NO_X (or
HC+NO_X), and CO. The required sample size is the greater of
these calculated values. Use the following equation:
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED] TP05OC01.005

Where:

(1) Determine the 95% confidence coefficient, t₉₅, from
the following table:

(2) Calculate the standard deviation, s, for the test
sample using the following formula:
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED] TP05OC01.006

Where:

X_i = Emission test result for an individual vehicle or
engine.
n = The number of tests completed in an engine family.

(d) Use final deteriorated test results to calculate the variables
in the equations in paragraph (c) of this section (see
Sec. 1051.315(a)).
(e) After each new test, recalculate the required sample size using
the updated mean values, standard deviations, and the appropriate 95%
confidence coefficient.
(f) Distribute the remaining vehicle or engine tests evenly
throughout the rest of the test period. You may need to adjust your
schedule for selecting vehicles or engines if the required sample size
changes. Continue to randomly select vehicles or engines from each
engine family; this may involve testing vehicles or engines that
operate on different fuels.
(g) Continue testing any engine family for which the sample mean,
x, is greater than the emission standard. This applies if the sample
mean for either HC, NO_X (or HC+NO_X) or for CO is
greater than the emission standard. Continue testing until one of the
following things happens:
(1) The sample size, n, for an engine family is greater than the
required sample size, N, and the sample mean, x, is less than or equal
to the emission standard.
(2) The engine family does not comply according to Sec. 1051.325.
(3) You test 30 vehicles or engines from the engine family.
(4) You test one percent of your projected annual U.S.-directed
production volume for the engine family.
(h) You may elect to test more randomly chosen vehicles or engines
than we require. Include these vehicles or engines in the sample size
calculations.

Sec. 1051.315 How do I know when my engine family does not comply?

(a) Calculate your test results. Round them to the number of
decimal places in the emission standard expressed to one more decimal
place.
(1) Initial and final test results. Calculate and round the test
results for each vehicle or engine. If you do several tests on a
vehicle or engine, calculate the initial test results, then add them
together and divide by the number of tests and round for the final test
results on that vehicle or engine.
(2) Final deteriorated test results. Apply the deterioration factor
for the engine family to the final test results (see Sec. 1051.240(c)).

[[Page 51230]]

(b) Construct the following CumSum Equation for each engine family
(for HC, NO_X (or HC+NO_X), and CO emissions):

C_i = C_i-1 + X_i - (STD + F)

Where:

(c) Use final deteriorated test results to calculate the variables
in the equation in paragraph (b) of this section (see
Sec. 1051.315(a)).
(d) After each new test, recalculate the CumSum statistic.
(e) If you test more than the required number of vehicles or
engines, include the results from these additional tests in the CumSum
Equation.
(f) After each test, compare the current CumSum statistic,
C_i, to the recalculated Action Limit, H, defined as H = 5.0
x s.
(g) If the CumSum statistic exceeds the Action Limit in two
consecutive tests, the engine family does not comply with the
requirements of this part. Tell us within ten working days if this
happens.
(h) If you amend the application for certification for an engine
family (see Sec. 1051.225), do not change any previous calculations of
sample size or CumSum statistics for the model year.

Sec. 1051.320 What happens if one of my production-line vehicles or
engines fails to meet emission standards?

(a) If you have a production-line vehicle or engine with final
deteriorated test results exceeding one or more emission standards (see
Sec. 1051.315(a)), the certificate of conformity is automatically
suspended for that failing vehicle or engine. You must take the
following actions before your certificate of conformity can cover that
vehicle or engine:
(1) Correct the problem and retest the vehicle or engine to show it
complies with all emission standards.
(2) Include in your written report a description of the test
results and the remedy for each vehicle or engine (see Sec. 1051.345).
(b) You may at any time ask for a hearing to determine whether the
tests and sampling methods were proper (see Sec. 1051.820).

Sec. 1051.325 What happens if an engine family does not comply?

(a) We may suspend your certificate of conformity for an engine
family if it fails to comply under Sec. 1051.315. The suspension may
apply to all facilities producing vehicles or engines from an engine
family, even if you find noncompliant vehicles or engines only at one
facility.
(b) We will tell you in writing if we suspend your certificate in
whole or in part. We will not suspend a certificate until at least 15
days after the engine family became noncompliant. The suspension is
effective when you receive our notice.
(c) Up to 15 days after we suspend the certificate for an engine
family, you may ask for a hearing to determine whether the tests and
sampling methods were proper (see Sec. 1051.820). If we agree before a
hearing that we used erroneous information in deciding to suspend the
certificate, we will reinstate the certificate.

Sec. 1051.330 May I sell vehicles from an engine family with a
suspended certificate of conformity?

You may sell vehicles that you produce after we suspend the engine
family's certificate of conformity under Sec. 1048.315 only if one of
the following occurs:
(a) You test each vehicle or engine you produce and show it
complies with emission standards that apply.
(b) We conditionally reinstate the certificate for the engine
family. We may do so if you agree to recall all the affected vehicles
and remedy any noncompliance at no expense to the owner if later
testing shows that the engine family still does not comply.

Sec. 1051.335 How do I ask EPA to reinstate my suspended certificate?

Sec. 1051.340 When may EPA revoke my certificate under this subpart
and how may I sell these vehicles again?

(a) We may revoke your certificate for an engine family in the
following cases:
(1) You do not meet the reporting requirements.
(2) Your engine family fails to meet emission standards and your
proposed remedy to address a suspended certificate under Sec. 1051.325
is inadequate to solve the problem or requires you to change the
vehicle's design or emission-control system.
(b) To sell vehicles from an engine family with a revoked
certificate of conformity, you must modify the engine family and then
show it complies with the requirements of this part.
(1) If we determine your proposed design change may not control
emissions for the vehicle's full useful life, we will tell you within
five working days after receiving your report. In this case we will
decide whether production-line testing will be enough for us to
evaluate the change or whether you need to do more testing.
(2) Unless we require more testing, you may show compliance by
testing production-line vehicles or engines as described in this
subpart.
(3) We will issue a new or updated certificate of conformity when
you have met these requirements.

Sec. 1051.345 What production-line testing records must I send to EPA?

(a) Within 30 calendar days of the end of each calendar quarter,
send us a report with the following information:
(1) Describe any facility used to test production-line vehicles or
engines and state its location.
(2) State the total U.S.-directed production volume and number of
tests for each engine family.
(3) Describe how you randomly selected vehicles or engines.
(4) Describe your test vehicles or engines, including the engine
family's identification and the vehicle's model year, build date, model
number, identification number, and number of hours of operation before
testing for each test vehicle or engine.
(5) Identify where you accumulated hours of operation on the
vehicles or engines and describe the procedure and schedule you used.
(6) Provide the test number; the date, time and duration of
testing; test procedure; initial test results before and after
rounding; final test results; and final deteriorated test results for
all tests. Provide the emission results for all measured pollutants.
Include information for both valid and invalid tests and the reason for
any invalidation.
(7) Describe completely and justify any nonroutine adjustment,
modification, repair, preparation, maintenance, or test for the test
vehicle or engine if you did not report it separately under this
subpart. Include the results of any emission measurements, regardless
of the procedure or type of vehicle.
(8) Provide the CumSum analysis required in Sec. 1051.315 for each
engine family.
(9) Report on each failed vehicle or engine as described in
Sec. 1051.320.

[[Page 51231]]

(10) State the date the calendar quarter ended for each engine
family.
(b) We may ask you to add information to your written report, so we
can determine whether your new vehicles conform with the requirements
of this subpart.
(c) An authorized representative of your company must sign the
following statement:

We submit this report under Sections 208 and 213 of the Clean
Air Act. Our production-line testing conformed completely with the
requirements of 40 CFR part 1051. We have not changed production
processes or quality-control procedures for the engine family in a
way that might affect the emission control from production vehicles
(or engines). All the information in this report is true and
accurate, to the best of my knowledge. I know of the penalties for
violating the Clean Air Act and the regulations. (Authorized Company
Representative)

Sec. 1051.350 What records must I keep?

(a) Organize and maintain your records as described in this
section. We may review your records at any time, so it is important to
keep required information readily available.
(b) Keep paper records of your production-line testing for one full
year after you complete all the testing required for an engine family
in a model year. You may use any additional storage formats or media if
you like.
(c) Keep a copy of the written reports described in Sec. 1051.345.
(d) Keep the following additional records:
(1) A description of all test equipment for each test cell that you
can use to test production-line vehicles or engines.
(2) The names of supervisors involved in each test.
(3) The name of anyone who authorizes adjusting, repairing,
preparing, or modifying a test vehicle or engine and the names of all
supervisors who oversee this work.
(4) If you shipped the vehicle or engine for testing, the date you
shipped it, the associated storage or port facility, and the date the
vehicle or engine arrived at the testing facility.
(5) Any records related to your production-line tests that are not
in the written report.
(6) A brief description of any significant events during testing
not otherwise described in the written report or in this section.
(e) If we ask, you must give us projected or actual production
figures for an engine family. We may ask you to divide your production
figures by power rating, displacement, fuel type, or assembly plant (if
you produce vehicles or engines at more than one plant).
(f) Keep a list of vehicle or engine identification numbers for all
the vehicles or engines you produce under each certificate of
conformity. Give us this list within 30 days if we ask for it.
(g) We may ask you to keep or send other information necessary to
implement this subpart.

Subpart E--Testing In-Use Engines

Sec. 1051.401 What provisions apply for in-use testing of my vehicles
or engines?

We may conduct in-use testing of any vehicle or engine subject to
the standards of this part. If we determine that a substantial number
of vehicles or engines do not comply with the regulations of this part
throughout their full useful life, we may order the manufacturer to
conduct a recall as specified in 40 CFR part 1068.

Subpart F--Test Procedures

Sec. 1051.501 What procedures must I use to test my vehicles or
engines?

(a) For snowmobiles, use the equipment and procedures for spark-
ignition engines in part 1065 of this chapter to show your snowmobiles
meet the duty-cycle emission standards in Sec. 1051.101. Measure HC,
NO_X, CO, and CO₂ emissions using the dilute
sampling procedures in part 1065 of this chapter. Use the duty cycle in
Sec. 1051.505.
(b) For motorcycles and ATVs, use the equipment, procedures, and
duty cycle in 40 CFR part 86, subpart F, to show your vehicles meet the
exhaust emission standards in Sec. 1051.102 or Sec. 1051.103. Measure
HC, NO_X, CO, and CO₂. If you certify ATVs using
the interim testing provisions of Sec. 1051.145, use the equipment,
procedures, and duty cycle described or referenced in that section.
Motorcycles and ATVs with engine displacement at or below 169 cc must
use the driving schedule in paragraph (c) of Appendix I to part 86. All
others must use the driving schedule in paragraph (b) of Appendix I to
part 86.
(c) Use the fuels and lubricants specified in 40 CFR part 1065,
subpart C, for all the testing and service accumulation we require in
this part.
(d) You may use special or alternate procedures, as described in
Sec. 1065.10 of this chapter.
(e) We may reject data you generate using alternate procedures if
later testing with the procedures in part 1065 of this chapter shows
contradictory emission data.

Sec. 1051.505 What special provisions apply for testing snowmobiles?

Use the following special provisions for testing snowmobiles:
(a) Measure emissions by testing the engine on a dynamometer with
the steady-state duty cycle described in Table 1 of this section.
(b) During idle mode, operate the engine with the following
parameters:
(1) Hold the speed within your specifications.
(2) Keep the throttle fully closed.
(3) Keep engine torque under 5 percent of the peak torque value at
maximum test speed.
(c) For the full-load operating mode, operate the engine at its
maximum fueling rate.
(d) Keep the test engine's intake air between -15 deg. C and -
5 deg. C (5 deg. F and 23 deg. F). Ambient temperatures during testing
must be between -15 deg. C and 30 deg. C (5 deg. F and 86 deg. F).
(e) See part 1065 of this chapter for detailed specifications of
tolerances and calculations.
(f) Table 1 follows:

Table 1 of Sec. 1051.501.--5-mode Duty Cycle for Snowmobiles
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimum
Engine time in Weighting
Mode No. speed Torque mode factors
(minutes)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1........................................................... 100 100 5.0 0.12
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 51232]]

2........................................................... 85 51 5.0 0.27
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3........................................................... 75 33 5.0 0.25
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4........................................................... 65 19 5.0 0.31
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5........................................................... Idle 0 5.0 0.05
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec. 1051.520 How do I perform durability testing?

This section applies for durability testing to determine
deterioration factors. A small-volume manufacturer may omit durability
testing if it uses our assigned deterioration factors that we establish
based on our projection of the likely deterioration in the performance
of specific emission controls.
(a) Calculate your deterioration factor by testing a vehicles or
engine that is representative of your engine family at a low-hour test
point and the end of its useful life. You may also test at intermediate
points.
(b) Operate the vehicle or engine over a representative duty cycle
for a period at least as long as the useful life (in hours or
kilometers). You may operate the vehicle or engine continuously.
(c) You may only perform the scheduled emission-related maintenance
specified in Sec. 1051.125. You may not perform any unscheduled
maintenance during durability testing unless we approve it in advance.
(d) Use a linear least-squares fit of your test data for each
pollutant to calculate your deterioration factor.

Subpart G--Compliance Provisions

Sec. 1051.601 What compliance provisions apply to these vehicles?

Engine and vehicle manufacturers, as well as owners, operators, and
rebuilders of these vehicles, and all other persons, must observe the
requirements and prohibitions in part 1068 of this chapter. The
compliance provisions in this subpart apply only to the vehicles we
regulate in this part.

Sec. 1051.605 What are the provisions for exempting vehicles from the
requirements of this part if they use engines you have certified under
the motor-vehicle program or the Large Spark-ignition (SI) program?

(a) This section applies to you if you are the manufacturer of the
engine. See Sec. 1051.610 if you are not the engine manufacturer.
(b) The only requirements or prohibitions from this part that apply
to a vehicle that is exempt under this section are in this section and
Sec. 1051.610.
(c) If you meet all the following criteria regarding your new
vehicle, you are exempt under this section:
(1) You must produce it using an engine covered by a valid
certificate of conformity under 40 CFR part 86 or part 1048.
(2) You must not make any changes to the certified engine that we
could reasonably expect to increase its exhaust or evaporative
emissions. For example, if you make any of the following changes to one
of these engines, you do not qualify for this exemption:
(i) Change any fuel system or evaporative system parameters from
the certified configuration (this does not apply to refueling emission
controls).
(ii) Change any other emission-related components.
(iii) Modify or design the engine cooling system so that
temperatures or heat rejection rates are outside the original engine's
specified ranges.
(3) You must make sure the engine still has the label we require
under 40 CFR part 86 or part 1048.
(4) You must make sure that fewer than 50 percent of the engine
model's total sales, from all companies, are used in recreational
vehicles.
(d) If you produce both the engine and vehicle under this
exemption, you must do all of the following to keep the exemption
valid:
(1) Make sure the original emission label is intact.
(2) Add a permanent supplemental label to the engine in a position
where it will remain clearly visible after installation in the vehicle.
In your engine label, do the following:
(i) Include the heading: ``Recreational Vehicle Emission Control
Information''.
(ii) Include your full corporate name and trademark.
(iii) State: ``THIS ENGINE WAS ADAPTED FOR RECREATIONAL USE WITHOUT
AFFECTING ITS EMISSION CONTROLS.''.
(iv) State the date you finished installing (month and year).
(3) Make the original and supplemental labels readily visible after
the engine is installed in the vehicle or, if vehicle obscures the
engine's labels, make sure the vehicle manufacturer attaches duplicate
labels, as described in Sec. 1068.105 of this chapter.
(4) Send the Designated Officer a signed letter by the end of each
calendar year (or less often if we tell you) with all the following
information:
(i) Identify your full corporate name, address, and telephone
number.
(ii) List the models you expect to produce under this exemption in
the coming year.
(iii) State: ``We produce each listed model for recreational
application without making any changes that could increase its
certified emission levels, as described in 40 CFR 1051.605.''.
(e) If your vehicles do not meet the criteria listed in paragraph
(c) of this section, they will be subject to the standards and
prohibitions of this part. Producing these vehicles without a valid
exemption or certificate of conformity would violate the prohibitions
in Sec. 1068.100 of this chapter.
(f) If we request it, you must send us emission test data on the
applicable recreational duty cycle(s) (see Secs. 1051.505 and
1051.510). You may include the data in your application for
certification or in your letter requesting the exemption.
(g) Vehicles exempted under this section are subject to all the
requirements affecting engines and vehicles under 40 CFR part 86 or
part 1048, as applicable. The requirements and restrictions of 40 CFR
part 86 or 1048 apply to anyone manufacturing these engines, anyone
manufacturing vehicles that use these engines, and all other persons in
the same manner as if these engines were used in a motor vehicle or
other nonrecreational application.

[[Page 51233]]

Sec. 1051.610 What are the provisions for producing recreational
vehicles with engines already certified under the motor-vehicle program
or the Large SI program?

(a) You may produce a recreational vehicle using a motor vehicle
engine, or a Large SI engine if you meet three criteria:
(1) The engine or vehicle is certified to 40 CFR part 86 or part
1048.
(2) The engine is not adjusted outside the manufacturer's
specifications.
(3) The engine or vehicle is not modified in any way that may
affect its emission control. This applies to exhaust and evaporative
emission controls, but not refueling emission controls.
(b) This section does not apply if you manufacture the engine
yourself; see Sec. 1051.605.

Sec. 1051.615 What are the special provisions for certifying small
recreational engines?

(a) If an off-highway motorcycle or ATV has an engine with total
displacement of 70 cc or less, you may choose for these engines to meet
the Phase 1 emission standards from 40 CFR part 90 that apply to Class
I nonhandheld engines instead of the requirements of this part. In this
case, all the requirements and prohibitions of 40 CFR part 90 relevant
to Class I engines meeting Phase 1 standards apply to these engines and
vehicles, with the following additional provisions:
(1) If you qualify as a small-volume manufacturer under this part,
emission standards apply beginning with the 2008 model year. Otherwise,
emission standards apply beginning with the 2006 model year.
(2) If you qualify as a small-volume manufacturer under this part,
the provisions of Sec. 1068.241 of this chapter apply to these engines.
(3) The provisions of Sec. 1068.240 of this chapter apply to these
engines.
(b) If you do not certify the engines under 40 CFR part 90, then
all the requirements and prohibitions of this part apply to these
engines and vehicles.
(c) Once emission standards apply, producing these engines or
vehicles without a valid exemption or certificate of conformity under
this part or part 90 of this chapter would violate the prohibitions in
Sec. 1068.101 of this chapter.

Sec. 1051.620 When may a manufacturer introduce into commerce an
uncertified recreational vehicle to be used for competition?

(a) You may introduce into commerce a new recreational vehicle that
is to be used for competition if we grant you an exemption under this
section.
(b) We will exempt vehicles that we determine will be used solely
for competition. The basis of our determinations are described in
paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) and (c) of this section.
(1) Off-highway motorcycles. Motorcycles that are marketed and
labeled as only for competitive use and which meet at least four of the
criteria listed in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (v) of this section are
considered to be used solely for competition, except in cases where
other information is available that indicates that they are not used
solely for competition. The following features are indicative of
motorcycles used solely for competition:
(i) The absence of a headlight or other lights.
(ii) The absence of a spark arrestor.
(iii) The absence of manufacturer warranty.
(iv) Suspension travel greater than 10 inches.
(v) Engine displacement greater than 50 cc.
(2) Snowmobiles and ATVs. Snowmobiles and ATVs meeting all of the
following criteria are considered to be used solely for competition,
except in cases where other information is available that indicates
that they are not used solely for competition:
(i) The vehicle or vehicle may not be sold in any public
dealership.
(ii) Sale of the vehicle must be limited to professional racers or
other qualified racers.
(iii) The vehicle must have performance characteristics that are
substantially superior to noncompetitive models.
(c) Vehicles not meeting the applicable criteria listed in
paragraph (b) of this section will be exempted only in cases where the
manufacturer has clear and convincing evidence that the vehicles for
which the exemption is being sought will be used solely for
competition.
(d) You must permanently label vehicles exempted under this section
to clearly indicate that they are to be used only for competition.
Failure to properly label a vehicle will void the exemption for that
vehicle.
(e) If we request it, you must provide us any information we need
to determine whether the vehicles are used solely for competition.

Sec. 1051.625 What special provisions apply to unique snowmobile
designs?

(a) We may permit you to produce up to 300 snowmobiles per year
that are certified to less stringent emission standards than those in
Sec. 1051.101, as long as you meet all the conditions and requirements
in this section.
(b) To be eligible for these alternate standards, you must be a
small-volume manufacturer.
(c) To apply for alternate standards under this section, send the
Designated Officer a written request. In your request, do two things:
(1) Show that the snowmobile has unique design, calibration, or
operating characteristics that make it atypical and infeasible or
highly impractical to meet the emission standards in Sec. 1051.101,
considering technology, cost, and other factors.
(2) Identify the level of compliance you can achieve, including a
description of available emission-control technologies and any
constraints that may prevent more effective use of these technologies.
(d) You must give us other relevant information if we ask for it.
(e) An authorized representative of your company must sign the
request and include the statement: ``All the information in this
request is true and accurate, to the best of my knowledge.''
(f) Send your request for this extension at least nine months
before the relevant deadline. If different deadlines apply to companies
that are not small-volume manufacturers, do not send your request
before the regulations in question apply to the other manufacturers.
(g) If we approve your request, we will set alternate standards for
your qualifying snowmobiles. These standards will not be above 400 g/
kW-hr for CO or 150 g/kW-hr for HC.
(h) You may produce these snowmobiles to meet the alternate
standards we establish under this section as long as you continue to
produce them at the same or lower emission levels.
(i) Do not include snowmobiles you produce under this section in
any averaging, banking, or trading calculations under Subpart H of this
part.
(j) You must meet all the requirements of this part, except as
noted in this section.

Subpart H--Averaging, Banking, and Trading for Certification

Sec. 1051.701 General provisions.

(a) You may average, bank, and trade emission credits for
certification as described in this subpart to meet the average
standards of this part. To do this you must show that your average
emission levels are below the applicable standards in subpart B of this
part, or that you have sufficient credits to offset a credit deficit
for the model year (as calculated in Sec. 1051.720).

[[Page 51234]]

(b) There are separate averaging, banking, and trading programs for
snowmobiles, ATVs, and off-highway motorcycles. You may not exchange
credits from engine families of one type of these vehicles with those
from engine families of another type. You may also not exchange credits
with other families of the same type if you use different measurement
procedures for the different engine families (for example, ATVs
certified to chassis-based vs. engine-based standards).
(c) The definitions of Subpart I of this part apply to this
subpart. The following definitions also apply:
(1) Average standard means the standard that applies on average to
all your vehicle under this part.
(2) Broker means any entity that facilitates a trade between a
buyer and seller.
(3) Buyer means the entity that receives credits as a result of
trade or transfer.
(4) Reserved credits means credits generated but not yet verified
by EPA in the end of year report review.
(5) Seller means the entity that provides credits during a trade or
transfer.
(d) Do not include any exported vehicles in the certification
averaging, banking, and trading program. Include only vehicles
certified under this part.

Sec. 1051.705 How do I average emission levels?

(a) As specified in subpart B of this part, certify each vehicle to
a family emission limit (FEL).
(b) Calculate a preliminary average emission level according to
Sec. 1051.720 using projected production volumes for your application
for certification.
(c) After the end of your model year, calculate a final average
emission level according to Sec. 1051.720 for each type of recreational
vehicle or engine you manufacture or import. Use actual production
volumes.
(d) If your preliminary average emission level is below the
allowable average standard, see Sec. 1051.710 for information about
generating and banking emission credits. These credits will be
considered reserved until verified by EPA during the end of year report
review.

Sec. 1051.710 How do I generate and bank emission credits?

(a) If your average emission level is below the average standard,
you may calculate credits according to Sec. 1051.720.
(b) You may generate credits if you are a certifying manufacturer.
(c) You may bank unused emission credits, but only after the end of
the calendar year and after we have reviewed your end-of-year reports.
Credits you generate do not expire.
(d) During the calendar year and before you send in your end-of-
year report, you may consider reserved any credits you originally
designate for banking during certification. You may redesignate these
credits for trading or transfer in your end-of-year report, but they
are not valid to demonstrate compliance until verified.
(e) You may use for averaging or trading any credits you declared
for banking from the previous calendar year that we have not reviewed.
But, we may revoke these credits later--following our review of your
end-of-year report or audit actions. For example, this could occur if
we find that credits are based on erroneous calculations; or that
emission levels are misrepresented, unsubstantiated, or derived
incorrectly in the certification process.

Sec. 1051.715 How do I trade emission credits?

(a) You may trade only banked emission credits, not reserved
credits.
(b) You may trade banked credits to any certifying manufacturer.
(c) If a negative credit balance results from a credit trade, both
buyers and sellers are liable, except in cases involving fraud. We may
void the certificates of all emission families participating in a
negative trade.
(1) If you buy credits but have not caused the negative credit
balance, you must only supply more credits equivalent to the amount of
invalid credits you used.
(2) If you caused the credit shortfall, you may be subject to the
requirements of Sec. 1051.730(b)(6).

Sec. 1051.720 How do I calculate my average emission level or emission
credits?

(a) Calculate your average emission level for each type of
recreational vehicle or engine for each model year according to the
following equation and round it to the nearest tenth of a g/km or g/kW-
hr. Use consistent units throughout the calculation.
(1) Calculate the average emission level as:
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED] TP05OC01.007

Where:

FEL_i = The FEL to which the engine family is certified.
UL_i = The useful life of the engine family.
Production_i = The number of vehicles in the engine family.

(2) Use production projections for initial certification, and
actual production volumes to determine compliance at the end of the
model year.
(b) If your average emission level is below the average standard,
calculate credits available for banking according to the following
equation and round them to the nearest tenth of a gram:
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED] TP05OC01.008

(c) If your average emission level is above the average standard,
calculate your preliminary credit deficit according to the following
equation, rounding to the nearest tenth of a gram:
[GRAPHIC]
[TIFF OMITTED] TP05OC01.009

[[Page 51235]]

Sec. 1051.725 What information must I retain?

(a) Maintain and keep five types of properly organized and indexed
records for each group and for each emission family:
(1) Model year and EPA emission family.
(2) FEL.
(3) Useful life.
(4) Projected production volume for the model year.
(5) Actual production volume for the model year.
(b) Keep paper records of this information for three years from the
due date for the end-of-year report. You may use any additional storage
formats or media if you like.
(c) Follow Sec. 1051.730 to send us the information you must keep.
(d) We may ask you to keep or send other information necessary to
implement this subpart.

Sec. 1051.730 What information must I report?

(a) Include the following information in your applications for
certification:
(1) A statement that, to the best of your belief, you will not have
a negative credit balance for any type of recreational vehicle or
engine when all credits are calculated. This means that if you believe
that your average emission level will be above the standard (i.e., that
you will have a deficit for the model year), you must have banked
credits (or project to have traded credits) to offset the deficit.
(2) Detailed calculations of projected emission credits (zero,
positive, or negative) based on production projections.
(i) If you project a credit deficit, state the source of credits
needed to offset the credit deficit.
(ii) If you project credits, state whether you will reserve them
for banking or transfer them.
(b) At the end of each model year, send an end-of-year report.
(1) Make sure your report includes three things:
(i) Calculate in detail your average emission level and any
emission credits (zero, positive, or negative) based on actual
production volumes.
(ii) If your average emission level is above the allowable average
standard, state the source of credits needed to offset the credit
deficit.
(iii) If your average emission level is below the allowable average
standard, state whether you will reserve the credits for banking or
transfer them.
(2) Base your production volumes on the point of first retail sale.
This point is called the final product-purchase location.
(3) Send end-of-year reports to the Designated Officer within 120
days of the end of the model year. If you send reports later, you are
violating the Clean Air Act.
(4) If you generate credits for banking and you do not send your
end-of-year reports within 120 days after the end of the model year,
you may not use or trade the credits until we receive and review your
reports. You may not use projected credits pending our review.
(5) You may correct errors discovered in your end-of-year report,
including errors in calculating credits according to the following
table:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
If . . . And if . . . Then we . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) Our review discovers an the discovery occurs restore the credits
error in your end-of-year within 180 days of for your use.
report that increases your receipt.
credit balance.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) You discover an error the discovery occurs restore the credits
in your report that within 180 days of for your use.
increases your credit receipt.
balance.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) We or you discover an the discovery occurs do not restore the
error in your report that more than 180 days credits for your
increases your credit after receipt. use.
balance.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iv) We discover an error in at any time after reduce your credit
your report that reduces your receipt. balance.
your credit balance.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(6) If our review of a your end-of year-report shows a negative
balance, you may buy credits to bring your credit balance to zero. But
you must buy 1.1 credits for each 1.0 credit needed. If enough credits
are not available to bring your credit balance to zero, we may void the
certificates for all families certified to standards above the
allowable average.
(c) Within 90 days of any credit trade or transfer, you must send
the Designated Officer a report of the trade or transfer that includes
three types of information:
(1) The corporate names of the buyer, seller, and any brokers.
(2) Information about the credits that depends on whether you trade
or transfer them.
(i) For trades, describe the banked credits being traded.
(ii) For transfers, calculate the credits in detail and identify
the source or use of the credits.
(3) Copies of contracts related to credit trading or transfer from
the buyer, seller, and broker, as applicable.
(d) Include in each report a statement certifying the accuracy and
authenticity of its contents.
(e) We may void a certificate of conformity for any emission family
if you do not keep the records this section requires or give us the
information when we ask for it.

Subpart I--Definitions and Other Reference Information

Sec. 1051.801 What definitions apply to this part?

[[Page 51236]]

transportation. This includes both land-based and amphibious vehicles.
Auxiliary emission-control device means any element of design that
senses temperature, engine rpm, motive speed, transmission gear,
atmospheric pressure, manifold pressure or vacuum, or any other
parameter to activate, modulate, delay, or deactivate the operation of
any part of the emission-control system. This also includes any other
feature that causes in-use emissions to be higher than those measured
under test conditions, except as we allow under this part.
Broker means any entity that facilitates a trade of emission
credits between a buyer and seller.
Calibration means the set of specifications and tolerances specific
to a particular design, version, or application of a component or
assembly capable of functionally describing its operation over its
working range.
Certification means obtaining a certificate of conformity for an
engine family that complies with the emission standards and
requirements in this part.
Compression-ignition means relating to a type of reciprocating,
internal-combustion engine that is not a spark-ignition engine.
Crankcase emissions means airborne substances emitted to the
atmosphere from any part of the engine crankcase's ventilation or
lubrication systems. The crankcase is the housing for the crankshaft
and other related internal parts.
Designated Officer means the Manager, Engine Compliance Programs
Group (6403-J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania
Ave., Washington, DC 20460.
Emission-control system means any device, system, or element of
design that controls or reduces the regulated emissions from a vehicle.
Emission-data vehicle means a vehicle or engine that is tested for
certification.
Emission-related maintenance means maintenance that substantially
affects emissions or is likely to substantially affect emissions
deterioration.
Engine family means a group of vehicles with similar emission
characteristics, as specified in Sec. 1051.230.
Fuel system means all components involved in transporting,
metering, and mixing the fuel from the fuel tank to the combustion
chamber(s), including the fuel tank, fuel tank cap, fuel pump, fuel
filters, fuel lines, carburetor or fuel-injection components, and all
fuel-system vents.
Good engineering judgment has the meaning we give it in Sec. 1068.5
of this chapter.
Hydrocarbon (HC) means the hydrocarbon group on which the emission
standards are based for each fuel type. For gasoline- and LPG-fueled
engines, HC means total hydrocarbon (THC). For natural gas-fueled
engines, HC means nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC). For alcohol-fueled
engines, HC means total hydrocarbon equivalent (THCE).
Identification number means a unique specification (for example,
model number/serial number combination) that allows someone to
distinguish a particular vehicle or engine from other similar vehicle
or engines.
Manufacturer has the meaning given in section 216(1) of the Act. In
general, this term includes any person who manufactures a vehicle or
engine for sale in the United States or otherwise introduces a new
vehicle or engine into commerce in the United States. This includes
importers.
Maximum test torque means the torque output observed with the
maximum fueling rate possible at a given speed.
Model year means one of the following things:
(1) For freshly manufactured vehicles or engines (see definition of
``new'' paragraph (1)), model year means one of the following:
(i) Calendar year.
(ii) Your annual new model production period if it is different
than the calendar year. This must include January 1 of the calendar
year for which the model year is named. It may not begin before January
2 of the previous calendar year and it must end by December 31 of the
named calendar year.
(2) For a vehicle or engine that is converted to a nonroad vehicle
or engine after being placed into service in a motor vehicle, model
year means the calendar year in which the vehicle or engine was
originally produced (see definition of ``new'' paragraph (2)).
(3) For a nonroad vehicle excluded under Sec. 1051.5 that is later
converted to operate in an application that is not excluded, model year
means the calendar year in which the vehicle was originally produced
(see definition of ``new'' paragraph (3)).
(4) For engines that are not freshly manufactured but are installed
in new nonroad vehicle, model year means the calendar year in which the
engine is installed in the new nonroad vehicle (see definition of
``new'' paragraph (4)).
(5) For a vehicle or engine modified by an importer (not the
original manufacturer) who has a certificate of conformity for the
imported vehicle or engine (see definition of ``new'' paragraph (5)),
model year means one of the following:
(i) The calendar year in which the importer finishes modifying and
labeling the vehicle or engine.
(ii) Your annual production period for producing vehicles or
engines if it is different than the calendar year; follow the
guidelines in paragraph (1)(ii) of this definition.
(6) For a vehicle or engine you import that does not meet the
criteria in paragraphs (1) through (5) of the definition of ``new''
model year means the calendar year in which the manufacturer completed
the original assembly of the vehicle or engine. In general, this
applies to used equipment that you import without conversion or major
modification.
Motor vehicle has the meaning we give in Sec. 85.1703(a) of this
chapter. In general, motor vehicle means a self-propelled vehicle that
can transport one or more people or any material, but does not include
any of the following:
(1) Vehicles having a maximum ground speed over level, paved
surfaces no higher than 40 km per hour (25 miles per hour).
(2) Vehicles that lack features usually needed for safe, practical
use on streets or highways--for example, safety features required by
law, a reverse gear (except for motorcycles), or a differential.
(3) Vehicles whose operation on streets or highways would be
unsafe, impractical, or highly unlikely. Examples are vehicles with
tracks instead of wheels, very large size, or features associated with
military vehicles, such as armor or weaponry.
New means relating to any of the following vehicles or engines:
(1) A freshly manufactured engine or vehicle for which the ultimate
buyer has never received the equitable or legal title. The vehicle or
engine is no longer new when the ultimate buyer receives this title or
the product is placed into service, whichever comes first.
(2) An engine originally manufactured as a motor vehicle engine
that is later intended to be used in a piece of nonroad equipment. The
engine is no longer new when it is placed into nonroad service.
(3) A nonroad engine that has been previously placed into service
in an application we exclude under Sec. 1051.5, where that engine is
installed in a piece of equipment for which these exclusions do not
apply. The engine is no longer new when it is placed into nonroad
service.

[[Page 51237]]

(4) An engine not covered by paragraphs (1) through (3) of this
definition that is intended to be installed in new nonroad equipment.
The engine is no longer new when the ultimate buyer receives a title
for the equipment or the product is placed into service, whichever
comes first.
(5) An imported nonroad vehicle or engine covered by a certificate
of conformity issued under this part, where someone other than the
original manufacturer modifies the vehicle or engine after its initial
assembly and holds the certificate. The vehicle or engine is no longer
new when it is placed into nonroad service.
(6) An imported nonroad vehicle or engine that is not covered by a
certificate of conformity issued under this part at the time of
importation.
New nonroad equipment means either of the following things:
(1) A nonroad vehicle or other piece of equipment for which the
ultimate buyer has never received the equitable or legal title. The
product is no longer new when the ultimate buyer receives this title or
the product is placed into service, whichever comes first.
(2) An imported nonroad piece of equipment with a vehicle or engine
not covered by a certificate of conformity issued under this part at
the time of importation and manufactured after the date for applying
the requirements of this part.
Noncompliant vehicle or engine means a vehicle or engine that was
originally covered by a certificate of conformity, but is not in the
certified configuration or otherwise does not comply with the
conditions of the certificate.
Nonconforming vehicle or engine means a vehicle or engine not
covered by a certificate of conformity that would otherwise be subject
to emission standards.
Nonmethane hydrocarbon means the difference between the emitted
mass of total hydrocarbons and the emitted mass of methane.
Nonroad means relating to nonroad vehicle or engines.
Nonroad engine has the meaning given in Sec. 1068.25 of this
chapter. In general this means all internal- combustion engines except
motor vehicle engines, stationary engines, or engines used solely for
competition. This part only applies to nonroad engines that are used in
snowmobiles, off-highway motorcycles, and ATVs (see Sec. 1051.5).
Off-highway motorcycle means a two-wheeled vehicle with a nonroad
engine and a seat (excluding marine vessels and aircraft). Note:
highway motorcycles are regulated under 40 CFR part 86.
Oxides of nitrogen means nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide
(NO₂). Oxides of nitrogen are expressed quantitatively as if
the NO were in the form of NO₂ (assume a molecular weight
for oxides of nitrogen equivalent to that of NO₂).
Phase 1 means relating to Phase 1 standards of Sec. 1051.101 or
Sec. 1051.103.
Phase 2 means relating to Phase 2 standards of Sec. 1051.101 or
Sec. 1051.103.
Physically adjustable range means the entire range over which an
engine parameter can be adjusted, except as modified by
Sec. 1051.115(c).
Placed into service means used for its intended purpose.
Recreational means, for purposes of this part, relating to
snowmobiles, all-terrain vehicles, and off-highway motorcycles we
regulate under this part. Note that 40 CFR part 90 applies to other
recreational vehicles.
Revoke means to discontinue the certificate for an engine family.
If we revoke a certificate, you must apply for a new certificate before
continuing to produce the affected vehicles or engines. This does not
apply to vehicles or engines you no longer possess.
Round means to round numbers according to ASTM E29-93a, which is
incorporated by reference (see Sec. 1051.810), unless otherwise
specified.
Scheduled maintenance means adjusting, repairing, removing,
disassembling, cleaning, or replacing components or systems that is
periodically needed to keep a part from failing or malfunctioning. It
also may mean actions you expect are necessary to correct an overt
indication of failure or malfunction for which periodic maintenance is
not appropriate.
Small-volume manufacturer means:
(1) For motorcycles and ATVs, a manufacturer with U.S.-directed
production of fewer than 5,000 off-road motorcycles and ATVs (combined
number) in 2001. For manufacturers owned by a parent company, the limit
applies to the production of the parent company and all of its
subsidiaries.
(2) For snowmobiles, a manufacturer with annual U.S. directed
production of fewer than 300 snowmobiles in 2001. For manufacturers
owned by a parent company, the limit applies to the production of the
parent company and all of its subsidiaries.
Snowmobile means a vehicle designed to operate outdoors only over
snow-covered ground, with a maximum width of 1.5 meters or less.
Spark-ignition means relating to a type of engine with a spark plug
(or other sparking device) and with operating characteristics
significantly similar to the theoretical Otto combustion cycle. Spark-
ignition engines usually use a throttle to regulate intake air flow to
control power during normal operation.
Stoichiometry means the proportion of a mixture of air and fuel
such that the fuel is fully oxidized with no remaining oxygen. For
example, stoichiometric combustion in gasoline engines typically occurs
at an air-fuel mass ratio of about 14.7.
Suspend means to temporarily discontinue the certificate for an
engine family. If we suspend a certificate, you may not sell vehicles
or engines from that engine family unless we reinstate the certificate
or approve a new one.
Test sample means the collection of vehicles or engines selected
from the population of an engine family for emission testing.
Test vehicle or engine means a vehicle or engine in a test sample.
Total hydrocarbon means the combined mass organic compounds
measured by our total hydrocarbon test procedure, expressed as a
hydrocarbon with a hydrogen-to-carbon mass ratio of 1.85:1.
Total hydrocarbon equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass
contributions of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons, alcohols and aldehydes,
or other organic compounds that are measured separately as contained in
a gas sample, expressed as petroleum-fueled engine hydrocarbons. The
hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the equivalent hydrocarbon is 1.85:1.
Ultimate buyer means ultimate purchaser.
Ultimate purchaser means, with respect to any new vehicle or
engine, the first person who in good faith purchases such vehicle or
engine for purposes other than resale.
United States means the States, the District of Columbia, the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the Trust
Territory of the Pacific Islands.
U.S.-directed production means the number of vehicle units, subject
to the requirements of this part, produced by a manufacturer (and/or
imported) for which the manufacturer has a reasonable assurance that
sale was or will be made to ultimate buyers in the Unites States.
Useful life means the period during which the vehicle is designed
to properly function in terms of reliability and fuel consumption,
without being remanufactured, specified as a number of hours of
operation or calendar years.

[[Page 51238]]

It is the period during which a new vehicle is required to comply with
all applicable emission standards.
Void means to invalidate a certificate or an exemption. If we void
a certificate, all the vehicles produced under that engine family for
that model year are considered noncompliant, and you are liable for
each vehicle produced under the certificate and may face civil or
criminal penalties or both. If we void an exemption, all the vehicles
produced under that exemption are considered uncertified (or
nonconforming), and you are liable for each vehicle produced under the
exemption and may face civil or criminal penalties or both. You may not
produce any additional vehicles using the voided exemption.

Sec. 1051.805 What symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations does this part
use?

The following symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations apply to this
part:

deg.C degrees Celsius.
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials.
ATV all-terrain vehicle.
cc cubic centimeters.
CO carbon monoxide.
CO₂ carbon dioxide.
EPA Environmental Protection Agency.
g/kW-hr grams per kilowatt-hour.
LPG liquefied petroleum gas.
m meters.
mm Hg millimeters of mercury.
NMHC nonmethane hydrocarbons.
NO_X oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO₂).
rpm revolutions per minute.
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers.
SI spark-ignition.
THC total hydrocarbon.
THCE total hydrocarbon equivalent.
U.S.C. United States Code.

Sec. 1051.810 What materials does this part reference?

We have incorporated by reference the documents listed in this
section. The Director of the Federal Register approved the
incorporation by reference as prescribed in 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR
part 51. Anyone may inspect copies at U.S. EPA, OAR, Air and Radiation
Docket and Information Center, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460
or Office of the Federal Register, 800 N. Capitol St., NW., 7th Floor,
Suite 700, Washington, DC.
(a) ASTM material. Table 1 of Sec. 1051.810 lists material from the
American Society for Testing and Materials that we have incorporated by
reference. The first column lists the number and name of the material.
The second column lists the sections of this part where we reference
it. The second column is for information only and may not include all
locations. Anyone may receive copies of these materials from American
Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA
19103. Table 1 follows:

Table 1 of Sec. 1051.810.--ASTM Materials
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document No. and name Part 1051 reference
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ASTM E29-93a, Standard Practice for Using 1051.240, 1051.315,
Significant Digits in Test Data to 1051.345, 1051.410,
Determine Conformance with Specifications. 1051.415.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(b) ISO material. [Reserved]

Sec. 1051.815 How should I request EPA to keep my information
confidential?

(a) Clearly show what you consider confidential by marking,
circling, bracketing, stamping, or some other method. We will store
your confidential information as described in 40 CFR part 2. Also, we
will disclose it only as specified in 40 CFR part 2.
(b) If you send us a second copy without the confidential
information, we will assume it contains nothing confidential whenever
we need to release information from it.
(c) If you send us information without claiming it is confidential,
we may make it available to the public without further notice to you,
as described in Sec. 2.204 of this chapter.

Sec. 1051.820 How do I request a public hearing?

PART 1065--TEST PROCEDURES AND EQUIPMENT

Subpart A--Applicability and General Provisions
Sec.
1065.1 Applicability.
1065.5 Overview of test procedures.
1065.10 Other test procedures.
1065.15 Engine testing.
1065.20 Limits for test conditions.
Subpart B--Equipment and Analyzers
1065.101 Overview. [Reserved]
1065.105 Dynamometer and engine equipment specifications.
1065.110 Exhaust gas sampling system; spark-ignition (SI) engines.
1065.115 Exhaust gas sampling system; compression-ignition (CI)
engines. [Reserved]
1065.120 Analyzers (overview/general response characteristics).
1065.125 Hydrocarbon analyzers.
1065.130 NO_X analyzers.
1065.135 CO and CO₂ analyzers.
1065.140 Smoke meters. [Reserved]
1065.145 Flow meters.
Subpart C--Test Fuels and Analytical Gases
1065.201 General requirements for test fuels.
1065.205 Test fuel specifications for distillate diesel fuel.
[Reserved]
1065.210 Test fuel specifications for gasoline.
1065.215 Test fuel specifications for natural gas.
1065.220 Test fuel specifications for liquefied petroleum gas.
1065.240 Lubricating oils.
1065.250 Analytical gases.
Subpart D--Analyzer and Equipment Calibrations
1065.301 Overview.
1065.305 Torque calibration.
Subpart E--Engine Preparation and Service Accumulation
1065.405 Preparing and servicing a test engine.
1065.410 Service limits for stabilized test engines.
1065.420 Durability demonstration.
Subpart F--Running an Emission Test
1065.500 Overview of the engine dynamometer test procedures.
1065.510 Engine mapping procedures.
1065.515 Transient test cycle generation.
1065.520 Engine starting, restarting, and shutdown.
1065.525 Engine dynamometer test run.
1065.530 Test cycle validation criteria.
Subpart G--Data Analysis and Calculations
1065.601 Overview.
1065.605 Required records.
1065.610 Bag sample analysis.
1065.615 Bag sample calculations.
Subpart H--Particulate Measurements [Reserved]
Subpart I--Testing With Oxygenated Fuels [Reserved]
Subpart J--Field Testing
1065.901 Applicability.
1065.905 General provisions.
1065.910 Measurement accuracy and precision.
1065.915 Equipment specifications for SI engines.

[[Page 51239]]

1065.920 Equipment setup and test run for SI engines.
1065.925 Calculations.
1065.930 Specifications for mass air flow sensors.
1065.935 Specifications for THC analyzers.
1065.940 Specifications for NO_X and air/fuel sensors.
1065.945 Specifications for CO analyzers.
1065.950 Specifications for speed and torque measurement.
Subpart K--Definitions and Other Reference Information
1065.1000 Definitions.
1065.1005 Symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations.
1065.1010 Reference materials.
1065.1015 Confidential information.

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671(q).

Subpart A--Applicability and General Provisions

Sec. 1065.1 Applicability.

(a) This part describes the procedures that apply to testing that
we require for the following engines or for equipment using the
following engines:
(1) Large nonroad spark-ignition engines we regulate under 40 CFR
part 1048.
(2) Snowmobiles, all-terrain vehicles, and off-highway motorcycles
we regulate under 40 CFR part 1051.
(b) This part does not apply to any of the following engine or
vehicle categories:
(1) Light-duty highway vehicles (see 40 CFR part 86).
(2) Heavy-duty highway Otto-cycle engines (see 40 CFR part 86).
(3) Heavy-duty highway diesel engines (see 40 CFR part 86).
(4) Aircraft engines (see 40 CFR part 87).
(5) Locomotive engines (see 40 CFR part 92).
(6) Land-based nonroad diesel engines (see 40 CFR part 89).
(7) General marine engines (see 40 CFR parts 89 and 94).
(8) Marine outboard and personal watercraft engines (see 40 CFR
part 91).
(9) Small nonroad spark-ignition engines (see 40 CFR part 90).
(c) This part is addressed to you as an engine manufacturer, but it
applies equally to anyone who does testing for you, and to us when we
conduct testing to determine if you comply with the applicable emission
standards.
(d) Follow the provisions of the standard-setting part if they are
different than any of the provisions in this part.
(e) For equipment subject to this part and regulated under
equipment-based standards, interpret the term ``engine'' in this part
to include equipment (see 40 CFR 1068.25).

Sec. 1065.5 Overview of test procedures.

(a) Some of the provisions of this part do not apply to all types
of engines. For example, measurement of particulate matter is not
generally required for spark-ignition engines. See the standard-setting
part to determine which provisions in this part may not apply. Before
using the procedures in this part, you should see the standard-setting
part to answer at least the following questions:
(1) How should I warm up the test engine before measuring
emissions? Do I need to measure cold-start emissions during this warm-
up segment of the duty cycle?
(2) Do I need to measure emissions while the hot-stabilized engine
operates over a transient schedule?
(3) Which speed and load points should I include for the steady-
state segment of the duty cycle?
(4) Which exhaust constituents do I need to measure?
(5) Are there applicable emission standards that affect the limits
on engine operation and ambient conditions?
(6) Do emission standards apply to field testing under normal
operation?
(7) Does testing require full-flow dilute sampling? Is raw sampling
acceptable? Is partial-flow dilute sampling acceptable?
(8) Do any unique specifications apply for test fuels?
(9) What maintenance steps may I plan to do before or between tests
on an emission-data engine?
(10) Are there any unique requirements related to stabilizing
emission levels on a new engine?
(11) Are there any unique requirements related to testing
conditions, such as ambient temperatures or pressures?
(b) The following table shows how this part divides testing
specifications into subparts:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subpart . . . This subpart describes . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subpart A.............................. General provisions for test
procedures.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subpart B.............................. Equipment for performing tests.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subpart C.............................. Fuels and analytical gases for
performing the tests.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subpart D.............................. How to calibrate test
equipment.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subpart E.............................. How to prepare engines for
testing, including service
accumulation.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subpart F.............................. How to do an emission test.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subpart G.............................. How to calculate emission
levels from measured data.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subpart H.............................. How to measure particulate
emissions.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subpart I.............................. How to measure emissions from
engines fueled with an
oxygenated fuel such as
methanol or ethanol.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subpart J.............................. How to do field testing of in-
use vehicles and equipment.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subpart K.............................. Definitions, abbreviations, and
other reference information
that applies to emission
testing.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec. 1065.10 Other test procedures.

(a) Your testing. These test procedures apply for all testing that
you do to show compliance with emission standards, with a few
exceptions listed in this section.
(b) Our testing. These test procedures generally apply for testing
that we do to determine if your engines comply with applicable emission
standards. We may conduct other testing as allowed by the Act.
(c) Exceptions. You may be allowed or required to use test
procedures other than those specified in this part in the following
cases:
(1) The test procedures in this part are intended to produce
emission measurements equivalent to those that would result from
measuring emissions during in-use operation using the same engine
configuration installed in a piece of equipment. If good engineering
judgment indicates that use of the procedures in this part for an
engine would result in measurements that are not representative of in-
use operation of that engine, you must notify us. If we determine that
using these procedures would result in measurements that are
significantly unrepresentative and that changes to the procedures will
result in more representative measurements that do not decrease the
stringency of emission standards, we will specify changes to the
procedures. In your notification to us, you should recommend specific
changes you think are necessary.
(2) You may ask to use emission data collected using other test
procedures, such as those of the California Air Resources Board or the
International Organization for Standardization. We will allow this only
if you show us that these data are equivalent to data collected using
our test procedures.

[[Page 51240]]

(3) You may ask to use alternate procedures that produce
measurements equivalent to those obtained using the specified
procedures. In this case, send us a written request showing that your
alternate procedures are equivalent to the test procedures of this
part. If you prove to us that the procedures are equivalent, we will
allow you to use them. You may not use alternate procedures until we
approve them. (Note: We may issue broad approval to all manufacturers
for a specific change in the test procedures that allows you to use the
alternate procedure without additional approval.)
(4) You may ask to use special test procedures if your engine
cannot be tested using the specified test procedures (for example, it
is incapable of operating on the specified transient cycle). In this
case, send us a written request showing that you cannot satisfactorily
test your engines using the test procedures of this part. We will allow
you to use special test procedures if we determine that they would
produce emission measurements that are representative of those that
would result from measuring emissions during in-use operation. You may
not use special procedures until we approve them.
(5) Other parts in this chapter (i.e., the parts that define
emission standards for your engines) may contain other specifications
for test procedures that apply for your engines. In cases where it is
not possible to comply with both the test procedures in those parts and
the test procedures in this part, you must comply with the test
procedures specified in the standard-setting part. Those other parts
may also allow you to deviate from the test procedures of this part for
other reasons.

Sec. 1065.15 Engine testing.

(a) This part describes the procedures for performing exhaust
emission tests on engines that must meet emission standards.
(b) Testing generally consists of engine operation on a laboratory
dynamometer over a prescribed sequence. (Subpart J of this part
contains provisions for in-use testing of engines installed in vehicles
or equipment.) You need to sample and analyze the exhaust gases
generated during engine operation to determine the concentration of the
regulated pollutants.
(c) Concentrations are converted into units of grams of pollutant
per kilowatt-hour (g/kW-hr) for comparison with the emission standards
that apply.

Sec. 1065.20 Limits for test conditions.

(a) Unless specified elsewhere in this chapter, you may conduct
tests to determine compliance with duty-cycle emission standards at
ambient temperatures from 20 deg. C (68 deg. F) to 30 deg. C (86 deg.
F), ambient pressures from 600 mm Hg to 775 mm Hg, and at any ambient
humidity level.
(b) Testing conducted to determine compliance with not-to-exceed
standards may be conducted at ambient conditions specified in the
standard-setting part.
(c) For laboratory engine testing, you may heat and/or dehumidify
the dilution air before it enters the CVS.
(d) For laboratory engine testing, if the barometric pressure
observed during the generation of the maximum torque curve changes by
more than 25 mm Hg from the value measured at the beginning of the map,
you must remap the engine. To have a valid test, the average barometric
pressure observed during the exhaust emission test must be within 25 mm
Hg of the average observed during the maximum torque curve generation.

Subpart B--Equipment and Analyzers

Sec. 1065.101 Overview. [Reserved]

Sec. 1065.105 Dynamometer and engine equipment specifications.

(a) The engine dynamometer system must be capable of controlling
engine torque and rpm simultaneously over the applicable test cycle(s).
The system should be capable of following the torque and rpm schedules
within the accuracy requirements specified in Sec. 1065.530;
dynamometers that are not capable of meeting the accuracy requirements
specified in Sec. 1065.530 may be used only with advance approval. For
transient testing, engine torque and rpm command set points must be
issued at 5 Hz or greater (10 Hz recommended) during the tests.
Feedback engine torque and rpm must be recorded at least once every
second during the test. In addition to these general requirements, for
all testing, the engine or dynamometer readout signals for speed and
torque must meet the following accuracy specifications:
(1) Engine speed readout must be accurate to within 2
percent of the absolute standard value. A 60-tooth (or greater) wheel
in combination with a common mode rejection frequency counter is
considered an absolute standard for engine or dynamometer speed.
(2) Engine flywheel torque readout must be accurate to either
within ±3 percent of the NIST true value torque (as defined
in Sec. 1065.305), or the following accuracies:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Engine flywheel torque readout
If the full-scale torque value is . . . must be within . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
T £ 550 ft-lbs............... ±2.5 ft-lbs of NIST
true value.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
550 T £ 1050 ft-lbs......... ±5.0 ft-lbs of NIST
true value.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
T > 1050 ft-lbs........................ ±10.0 ft-lbs of NIST
true value.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

(3) Option: You may use internal dynamometer signals (i.e.,
armature current, etc.) for torque measurement, as long as you can show
that the engine flywheel torque during the test cycle conforms to the
accuracy specifications in paragraph (b)(2) of this section. Your
measurement system must include compensation for increased or decreased
flywheel torque due to the armature inertia during accelerations and
decelerations in the test cycle.
(b) To verify that the test engine has followed the test cycle
correctly, you must collect the dynamometer or engine readout signals
for speed and torque in a manner that allows a statistical correlation
between the actual engine performance and the test cycle (see
Sec. 1065.530). Normally this collection process would involve
conversion of analog dynamometer or engine signals into digital values
for storage in a computer. You must perform the conversion of
dynamometer or engine values (computer or other) that are used to
evaluate the validity of engine performance in relation to the test
cycle while meeting the following criteria:
(1) Speed values used for cycle evaluation are accurate to within 2
percent of the dynamometer or engine speed readout value.
(2) Engine flywheel torque values used for cycle evaluation are
accurate to

[[Page 51241]]

within 2 percent of the dynamometer or engine flywheel torque readout
value.
(c) Option: For some systems it may be more convenient to combine
the tolerances in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section. You may do
this if you use the root mean square method (RMS). The RMS values would
then refer to accuracy in relationship to absolute standard or to NIST
true values.
(1) Speed values used for cycle evaluation must be accurate to
within ±2.8 percent of the absolute standard values, as
defined in paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
(2) Engine flywheel torque values used for cycle evaluation must be
accurate to within ±3.6 percent of NIST true values, as
determined in Sec. 1065.305.

Sec. 1065.110 Exhaust gas sampling system; spark-ignition (SI)
engines.

(a) General. The exhaust gas sampling system described in this
section is designed to measure the true mass of gaseous emissions in
the exhaust of SI engines. Additional requirements apply for engines
that use oxygenated fuels. In the CVS concept of measuring mass
emissions, you must measure the total volume of the mixture of exhaust
and dilution air and collect a continuously proportioned volume of
sample for analysis. Determine the mass emissions from the sample
concentration and total flow over the test period.
(b) Critical flow venturi. The operation of the Critical Flow
Venturi Constant-Volume Sampler (CFV-CVS) (see Figure B110-1) is based
upon the principles of fluid dynamics associated with critical flow.
The CFV system is commonly called a constant-volume system (CVS) even
though the flow varies. It would be more proper to call the critical
flow venturi (CFV) system a constant-proportion sampling system, since
proportional sampling throughout temperature excursions is maintained
by use of a small CFV in the sample lines. The variable mixture flow
rate is maintained at choked flow, which is inversely proportional to
the square root of the gas temperature, and is computed continuously.
Since the pressure and temperature are the same at all venturi inlets,
the sample volume is proportional to the total volume.
(c) Configuration variations. Since various configurations can
produce equivalent results, you need not conform exactly to the
drawings in this subpart. You may use additional components such as
instruments, valves, solenoids, pumps and switches to provide
additional information and coordinate the functions of the component
systems. You may exclude other components such as snubbers, which are
not needed to maintain accuracy on some systems, if you exclude them
based upon good engineering judgment.
(d) CFV component description. The CFV sample system shown in
Figure B110-1 consists of a dilution air filter (optional) and mixing
assembly, cyclone particulate separator (optional), unheated sampling
venturies for the bag sample, critical flow venturi, and associated
valves, pressure and temperature sensors. With the exception of the
hydrocarbon sampling system for two-stroke engines, the temperature of
the sample lines must be more than 3 deg. C above the maximum dew point
of the mixture and less than 121 deg. C; it is recommended that you
maintain them at 113 ± 8 deg. C. For the hydrocarbon
sampling system with two-stroke engines, the temperature of the sample
lines must be more than 3 deg. C above the maximum dew point of the
mixture (water and/or HC) and less than 200 deg.C; it is recommended
that you maintain them at 190 ± 8 deg. C). The CFV sample
system must conform to the following requirements:
(1) Do not artificially lower exhaust system backpressure by the
CVS or dilution air inlet system. Make the measurements to verify this
in the raw exhaust immediately upstream of the inlet to the CVS. This
verification requires the continuous measurement and comparison of raw
exhaust static pressure observed during a transient cycle, both with
and without the operating CVS. Static pressure measured with the
operating CVS system must remain within ±5 inches of water
(1.2 kPa) of the static pressure measured without connection to the
CVS, at identical moments in the test cycle. (We will use sampling
systems capable of maintaining the static pressure to within
±1 inch of water (0.25 kPa) if a written request shows that
this closer tolerance is necessary.) This requirement serves as a
design specification for the CVS/dilution air inlet system, and should
be performed as often as good engineering practice dictates (for
example, after installation of an uncharacterized CVS, addition of an
unknown inlet restriction on the dilution air, etc.).
(2) The temperature measuring system (sensors and readout) must
have an accuracy and precision of ±3.4 deg. F
(±1.9 deg. C). The temperature measuring system used in a
CVS without a heat exchanger must have a response time of 1.50 seconds
to 62.5 percent of a temperature change (as measured in hot silicone
oil). There is no response time requirement for a CVS equipped with a
heat exchanger.
(3) The pressure measuring system (sensors and readout) must have
an accuracy and precision of ±3 mm Hg (0.4 kPa).
(4) The flow capacity of the CVS must be large enough to eliminate
water condensation in the system. You may dehumidify the dilution air
before it enters the CVS. Heating is also allowed under the following
conditions:
(i) The air (or air plus exhaust gas) temperature does not exceed
250 deg. F (121 deg. C).
(ii) Calculation of the CVS flow rate necessary to prevent water
condensation is based on the lowest temperature encountered in the CVS
prior to sampling. (It is recommended that the CVS system be insulated
when heated dilution air is used.)
(iii) The dilution ratio is sufficiently high to prevent
condensation in bag samples as they cool to room temperature.
(5) Sample collection bags for dilution air and exhaust samples
must be big enough to allow unimpeded sample flow.
(e) EFC-CFV component description. The EFC-CFV sample system is
identical to the CFV system described in paragraph (b) of this section,
with the addition of electronic flow controllers, metering valves, and
separate flow meters to totalize sample flow volumes (optional). The
EFC sample system must conform to the following requirements:
(1) All of the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section.
(2) The ratio of sample flow to CVS flow must not vary by more
±5 percent from the setpoint of the test.
(3) The sample flow totalizers must meet the accuracy
specifications of Sec. 1065.145. You may obtain total sample flow
volumes from the flow controllers, with advance approval from us, as
long as you can show that they meet the accuracy specifications of
Sec. 1065.145.
(f) Component description, PDP-CFV. The PDP-CFV sample system is
identical to the CFV system described in paragraph (b) of this section
with the following changes and additional requirements:
(1) A heat exchanger is required.
(2) You must use positive displacement pumps for the CVS flow and
for the sampling system flows.
(3) The gas mixture temperature, measured at a point immediately
ahead of the positive displacement pump and after the heat exchanger,
must be maintained within ±10 deg. F (±5.6 deg.
C) of the average operating temperature observed during the test. (The
average operating temperature may be estimated from the average
operating temperature from similar tests.) The temperature

[[Page 51242]]

measuring system (sensors and readout) must have an accuracy and
precision of ±3.4 deg. F (1.9 deg. C). There is no response
time requirement for a CVS equipped with a heat exchanger.

Sec. 1065.115 Exhaust gas sampling system; compression-ignition (CI)
engines. [Reserved]

Sec. 1065.120 Analyzers (overview/general response characteristics).

(a) General. The specifications for analyzers and analytical
equipment are described in the following sections and subparts:
(1) The analyzers for measuring hydrocarbon, NO_X, CO,
and CO₂ emission concentrations are specified in
Sec. 1065.125 through Sec. 1065.135 of this chapter.
(2) The analytical equipment for measuring particulate emissions is
specified in Subpart H of this part.
(3) The analytical equipment for measuring emissions of oxygenated
compounds (for example, methanol) is specified in Subpart I of this
part.
(4) The analytical equipment for measuring in-use emissions is
specified in Subpart J of this part.
(b) Response time. Analyzers must have the following response
characteristics:
(1) For steady-state testing and transient testing with bag sample
analysis, the analyzer must reach at least 90 percent of its final
response within 5.0 seconds after any step change to the input
concentration greater than or equal to 80 percent of full scale.
(2) For transient testing with continuous measurement, the analyzer
must reach at least 90 percent of its final response within 1.0 second
after any step change to the input concentration greater than or equal
to 80 percent of full scale.
(c) Precision and noise. (1) The precision of the analyzers must be
no worse than ±1 percent of full-scale concentration for
each range used above 155 ppm (or ppmC), or ±2 percent for
each range used below 155 ppm (or ppmC). For the purpose of this
paragraph, precision is defined as 2.5 times the standard deviation(s)
of 10 repetitive responses to a given calibration or span gas.
(2) The analyzer peak-to-peak response to zero and calibration or
span gases over any 10-second period shall not exceed 2 percent of
full/scale chart deflection on all ranges used.
(d) Drift. (1) The zero-response drift during a 1-hour period shall
be less than 2 percent of full-scale chart deflection on the lowest
range used. The zero-response is defined as the mean response including
noise to a zero-gas during a 30-second time interval.
(2) The span drift during a 1-hour period shall be less than 2
percent of full-scale chart deflection on the lowest range used. The
analyzer span is defined as the difference between the span-response
and the zero-response. The span-response is defined as the mean
response including noise to a span gas during a 30-second time
interval.
(e) Calibration. Calibration procedures for analyzers are specified
in subpart D of this part.

Sec. 1065.125 Hydrocarbon analyzers.

This section describes the requirements for flame ionization
detectors (FIDs).
(a) Fuel the FID with a mixture of hydrogen in helium, and
calibrate it using propane.
(b) You do not need to heat the FID for four-stroke SI engines.
Heated FIDs are required for two-stroke SI engines. If you use a heated
FID, you must keep the temperature below 200 deg. C.
(c) An overflow sampling system is required for heated continuous
FIDs. (An overflow system is one in which excess zero gas or span gas
spills out of the probe when zero or span checks of the analyzer are
made.)
(d) Premixing the FID fuel and burner air is not allowed.
(e) The FID must meet the applicable accuracy and precision
specifications of ISO 8178, which is incorporated by reference (see
Sec. 1065.1010).

Sec. 1065.130 NO_X analyzers.

This section describes the requirements for chemiluminescent
detectors (CLD).
(a) The CLD must meet the applicable accuracy and precision
specifications of ISO 8178, which is incorporated by reference (see
Sec. 1065.1010).
(b) The NO to NO₂ converter must have an efficiency of
at least 90 percent.
(c) Heated CLDs are not required for SI engine testing.
(d) An overflow sampling system is required for continuous CLDs.
(An overflow system is one in which excess zero gas or span gas spills
out of the probe when zero or span checks of the analyzer are made.)

Sec. 1065.135 CO and CO₂ analyzers.

This section describes the requirements for non-dispersive infrared
absorption detectors (NDIR).
(a) The NDIR must meet the applicable accuracy and precision
specifications of ISO 8178, which is incorporated by reference (see
Sec. 1065.1010).
(b) The NDIR must meet the applicable quench and interference
requirements of ISO 8178, which is incorporated by reference (see
Sec. 1065.1010).

Sec. 1065.140 Smoke meters. [Reserved]

Sec. 1065.145 Flow meters.

(a) Flow meters must have accuracy and precision of ±2
percent of point or better, and be traceable to NIST standards.
(b) Flow measurements may be corrected for temperature and/or
pressure, provided the temperature and pressure measurements have
accuracy and precision of ±2 percent of point or better
(absolute).

Subpart C--Test Fuels and Analytical Gases

Sec. 1065.201 General requirements for test fuels.

(a) For all emission tests, use test fuels meeting the
specifications in this subpart, unless the standard-setting part gives
other directions. For any service accumulation on a test engine, if we
do not specify a fuel, use the specified test fuel or a fuel typical of
what you would expect the engine to use in service.
(b) We may require you to test the engine with each type of fuel it
can use (for example, gasoline and natural gas).
(c) If you will produce engines that can run on a type of fuel (or
mixture of fuels) we do not specify in this subpart, we will allow you
to do testing with fuel that represents commercially available fuels of
that type. However, we must approve your fuel's specifications before
you may use it for emission testing.
(d) You may use a test fuel other than those we specify in this
subpart if you do all of the following:
(1) Show that it is commercially available.
(2) Show that your engines will use only the designated fuel in
service.
(3) Show that operating the engines on the fuel we specify would
increase emissions or decrease durability.
(4) Get our written approval before you start testing.
(e) The test fuel specifications rely on standards established by
the American Society for Testing and Methods, which have been
incorporated by reference in Sec. 1065.1010.

Sec. 1065.205 Test fuel specifications for distillate diesel fuel.
[Reserved]

Sec. 1065.210 Test fuel specifications for gasoline.

Gasoline test fuel must meet the specifications in Table 1 of
Sec. 1065.210, as follows:

[[Page 51243]]

Table 1 of Sec. 1065.210.--Gasoline Test Fuel Specifications
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Item Procedure Value
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Distillation Range:
1. Initial boiling point, ASTM D 86-97 23.9-35.0\2\
deg.C.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. 10% point, deg.C......... ASTM D 86-97 48.9-57.2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. 50% point, deg.C......... ASTM D 86-97 93.3-110.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. 90% point, deg.C......... ASTM D 86-97 148.9-162.8
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. End point, deg.C......... ASTM D 86-97 212.8
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hydrocarbon composition:
1. Olefins, volume %......... ASTM D 1319-98 10 maximum.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Aromatics, volume %....... ASTM D 1319-98 35 minimum.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Saturates................. ASTM D 1319-98 Remainder.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lead (organic), g/liter.......... ASTM D 3237 0.013 maximum.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phosphorous, g/liter............. ASTM D 3231 0.005 maximum.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sulfur, weight %................. ASTM D 1266 0.08 maximum.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Volatility (Reid Vapor Pressure), ASTM D 3231 60.0 to 63.4 \1\ \2\
kPa.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ For testing unrelated to evaporative emissions, the specified range is 55.2 to 63.4 kPa.
\2\ For testing at altitudes above 1219 m, the specified volatility range is 52 to 55 kPa and the specified
initial boiling point range is 23.9 deg. to 40.6 deg. C.

Sec. 1065.215 Test fuel specifications for natural gas.

(a) Natural gas test fuel must meet the specifications in Table 1
of Sec. 1065.215, as follows:

Table 1 of Sec. 1065.215.--Natural Gas Test Fuel Specifications
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Item Procedure Value (mole percent)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Methane....................... ASTM D 1945 89.0 minimum.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Ethane........................ ASTM D 1945 4.5 maximum.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. C3 and higher................. ASTM D 1945 2.3 maximum.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. C6 and higher................. ASTM D 1945 0.2 maximum.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Oxygen........................ ASTM D 1945 0.6 maximum.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Inert gases (sum of CO₂ and ASTM D 1945 4.0 maximum.
N₂).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(b) At ambient conditions, the fuel must have a distinctive odor
detectable down to a concentration in air of not over one-fifth of the
lower flammability limit.

Sec. 1065.220 Test fuel specifications for liquefied petroleum gas.

(a) Liquefied petroleum gas test fuel must meet the specifications
in Table 1 of Sec. 1065.220, as follows:

Table 1 of Sec. 1065.220.--Liquefied Petroleum Gas Test Fuel Specifications
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Item Procedure Value
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Propane............................. ASTM D 2163.............. 85.0 vol. percent minimum.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Vapor pressure at 38 deg. C......... ASTM D 1267 or 2598 1.... 14 bar maximum.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Volatility residue (evaporated ASTM D 1837.............. -38 deg. C maximum.
temp., 35 deg. C).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Butanes............................. ASTM D 2163.............. 5.0 vol. percent maximum.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Butenes............................. ASTM D 2163.............. 2.0 vol. percent maximum.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Pentenes and heavier................ ASTM D 2163.............. 0.5 vol. percent maximum.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 51244]]

7. Propene............................. ASTM D 2163.............. 10.0 vol. percent maximum.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. Residual matter (residue on evap. of ASTM D 2158.............. 0.05 ml maximum pass.2
100 ml oil stain observ.).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. Corrosion, copper strip............. ASTM D 1838.............. No. 1 maximum.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. Sulfur............................. ASTM D 2784.............. 80 ppm maximum.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. Moisture content................... ASTM D 2713.............. Pass.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 If these two test methods yield different results, use the results from ASTM D-1267.
2 The test fuel must not yield a persistent oil ring when 0.3 ml of solvent residue mixture is added to a filter
paper, in 0.1 ml increments and examined in daylight after 2 minutes (see ASTM D-2158).

(b) At ambient conditions, the fuel must have a distinctive odor
detectable down to a concentration in air of not over one-fifth of the
lower flammability limit.

Sec. 1065.240 Lubricating oils.

Lubricating oils that you use to comply with this part must be
commercially available and representative of the oil that will be used
with your in-use engines.

Sec. 1065.250 Analytical gases.

Analytical gases that you use to comply with this part must meet
the accuracy and purity specifications of this section. You must record
the expiration date specified by the gas supplier and may not use any
gas after the expiration date.
(a) Pure gases. Use the ``pure gases'' in Table 1 of Sec. 1065.250,
as follows:

Table 1 of Sec. 1065.250--Pure Gas Concentrations
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maximum contaminant concentrations
----------------------------------------------------------------
Gas type Organic Carbon Carbon Nitric oxide Oxygen content
carbon monoxide dioxide (NO)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Purified Nitrogen............ 1 ppmC........ 1 ppm......... 400 ppm....... 0.1 ppm....... NA
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Purified Oxygen.............. NA............ NA............ NA............ NA............ 99.5-100.0%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Purified Synthetic Air, or 1 ppmC........ 1 ppm......... 400 ppm....... 0.1 ppm....... 18-21%
Zero-Grade Air.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(b) FID Fuel. For the flame ionization detector, use a hydrogen-
helium mixture as the fuel. The mixture must contain 40 2
percent hydrogen, and may contain no more than 1 ppmC of organic carbon
or 400 ppm of CO₂.
(c) Calibration and span gases. The following provisions apply to
calibration and span gases:
(1) Use the following gas mixtures for calibrating and spanning
your analytical instruments:
(i) Propane in purified synthetic air;
(ii) CO in purified nitrogen;
(iii) NO and NO₂ in purified nitrogen (the amount of
NO₂ contained in this calibration gas must not exceed 5
percent of the NO content);
(iv) Oxygen in purified nitrogen;
(v) CO₂ in purified nitrogen;
(vi) Methane in purified synthetic air.
(2) The calibration gases in paragraph (c)(1) of this section must
be traceable to within one percent of NIST gas standards, or other gas
standards we have approved. Span gases in paragraph (c)(1) of this
section must be accurate to within two percent of true concentration,
where true concentration refers to NIST gas standards, or other gas
standards we have approved. All concentrations of calibration gas shall
be given on a volume basis (volume percent or volume ppm).
(3) You may use gases for species other than those listed in
paragraph (c)(1) of this section (such as methanol in air gases used
for response factor determination), as long as they meet the following
criteria:
(i) They are traceable to within ±>2 percent of NIST gas
standards, or other standards we have approved.
(ii) They remain within ±2 percent of the labeled
concentration. Demonstrate this by using a quarterly measurement
procedure with a precision of ±2 percent (two standard
deviations), or other method that we approve. Your measurement
procedure may incorporate multiple measurements. If the true
concentration of the gas changes by more than two percent, but less
than ten percent, you may relabel the gas with the new concentration.
(4) You may generate calibration and span gases using precision
blending devices (gas dividers) to dilute gases with purified nitrogen
or with purified synthetic air. The accuracy of the mixing device must
be such that the concentration of the blended calibration gases is
accurate to within ±1.5 percent. This accuracy implies that
primary gases used for blending must be known to an accuracy of at
least ±1 percent, traceable to NIST gas standards, or other
gas standards we have approved. For each calibration incorporating a
blending device, verify the blending accuracy between 15 and 50 percent
of full scale. You may optionally check the blending device with an
instrument that is linear by nature (for example, using NO gas with a
CLD). Adjust the span value of the instrument with the span gas
directly connected to the instrument. Check the blending device at the
used settings to ensure that the difference between nominal values and
measured concentrations at each point stays within ±0.5
percent of the nominal value.
(d) Oxygen interference gases. Oxygen interference check gases are
mixtures of oxygen, nitrogen, and propane. The

[[Page 51245]]

oxygen concentration must be between 20 and 22 percent, and the propane
concentration must be between 50 and 90 percent of the maximum value in
the most typically used FID range. Independently measure the
concentration of total hydrocarbons plus impurities by chromatographic
analysis or by dynamic blending.

Subpart D--Analyzer and Equipment Calibrations

Sec. 1065.301 Overview.

Calibrate all analyzers and equipment at least annually. The actual
frequency must be consistent with good engineering judgment. We may
establish other guidelines as appropriate. Perform the calibrations
according to the specifications of one of the following sources:
(a) The recommendations of the manufacturer of the analyzers or
equipment.
(b) 40 CFR part 86, subpart N.

Sec. 1065.305 Torque calibration.

Two techniques are allowed for torque calibration. Alternate
techniques may be used if shown to yield equivalent accuracies. The
NIST ``true value'' torque is defined as the torque calculated by
taking the product of an NIST traceable weight or force and a
sufficiently accurate horizontal lever arm distance, corrected for the
hanging torque of the lever arm.
(a) The lever-arm dead-weight technique involves the placement of
known weights at a known horizontal distance from the center of
rotation of the torque measuring device. The equipment required is:
(1) Calibration weights. A minimum of six calibration weights for
each range of torque measuring device used are required. The weights
must be approximately equally spaced and each must be traceable to NIST
weights. Laboratories located in foreign countries may certify
calibration weights to local government bureau standards. Certification
of weight by state government Bureau of Weights and Measures is
acceptable. Effects of changes in gravitational constant at the test
site may be accounted for if desired.
(2) Lever arm. A lever arm with a minimum length of 24 inches is
required. The horizontal distance from the centerline of the engine
torque measurement device to the point of weight application shall be
accurate to within ±0.10 inches. The arm must be balanced,
or the hanging torque of the arm must be known to within
±0.1 ft-lbs.
(b) The transfer technique involves the calibration of a master
load cell (i.e., dynamometer case load cell). This calibration can be
done with known calibration weights at known horizontal distances, or
by using a hydraulically actuated precalibrated master load cell. This
calibration is then transferred to the flywheel torque measuring
device. The technique involves the following steps:
(1) A master load cell shall be either precalibrated or be
calibrated per paragraph (a)(1) of this section with known weights
traceable to NIST, and used with the lever arm(s) specified in
paragraph (b)(2) of this section. The dynamometer should be either
running or vibrated during this calibration to minimize static
hysteresis.
(2) A lever arm(s) with a minimum length of 24 inches is (are)
required. The horizontal distances from the centerline of the master
load cell, to the centerline of the dynamometer, and to the point of
weight or force application shall be accurate to within
±0.10 inches. The arm(s) must be balanced or the net hanging
torque of the arm(s) must be known to within ±0.1 ft.-lbs.
(3) Transfer of calibration from the case or master load cell to
the flywheel torque measuring device shall be performed with the
dynamometer operating at a constant speed. The flywheel torque
measurement device readout shall be calibrated to the master load cell
torque readout at a minimum of six loads approximately equally spaced
across the full useful ranges of both measurement devices. (Note that
good engineering practice requires that both devices have approximately
equal useful ranges of torque measurement.) The transfer calibration
shall be performed in a manner such that the accuracy requirements of
Sec. 1065.105(a)(2) for the flywheel torque measurement device readout
be met or exceeded.

Subpart E--Engine Preparation and Service Accumulation

Sec. 1065.405 Preparing and servicing a test engine.

(a) If you are testing an emission-data engine for certification,
make sure you have built it to represent production engines.
(b) Run the test engine, with all emission-control systems
operating, long enough to stabilize emission levels. If you accumulate
50 hours of operation, you may consider emission levels stable without
measurement.
(c) Do not service the test engine before you stabilize emission
levels, unless we approve other maintenance in advance. This
prohibition does not apply with respect to your recommended oil and
filter changes for newly produced engines.
(d) Select engine operation for accumulating operating hours on
your test engines to represent normal in-use engine operation for the
engine family.
(e) If you need more than 50 hours to stabilize emission levels,
record your reasons and the method you use to do this. Give us these
records if we ask for them.

Sec. 1065.410 Service limits for stabilized test engines.

(a) After you stabilize the test engine's emission levels, you may
do scheduled maintenance, other than during emission testing, as
specified in the standard-setting part.
(b) You may not do any unscheduled maintenance to the test engine
or its emission-control system or fuel system without our advance
approval. Unscheduled maintenance includes any adjustment, repair,
removal, disassembly, cleaning, or replacement of the test engine.
(1) We may approve unscheduled maintenance if all of the following
occur:
(i) You determine that a part failure or system malfunction (or the
associated repair) does not make the engine unrepresentative of
production engines in the field and does not require anyone to access
the combustion chamber.
(ii) Something clearly malfunctions (such as persistent misfire,
engine stall, overheating, fluid leakage, or loss of oil pressure) and
needs maintenance or repair.
(iii) You give us a chance to verify the extent of the malfunction
through audible or visual signals before you do the maintenance.
(2) If we determine that a part's failure or a system's malfunction
(or the associated repair) has made the engine unrepresentative of
production engines, you may no longer use it as a test engine.
(3) You may not do unscheduled maintenance based on emission
measurements from the test engine.
(4) Unless we approve beforehand, you may use equipment,
instruments, or tools to identify bad engine components only if you
specify they should be used for scheduled maintenance on production
engines. In this case, you must also make them available at dealerships
and other service outlets.
(c) If you do maintenance that might affect emissions, you must
completely test systems for emissions before and after the maintenance
unless we waive this requirement.
(d) If your test engine has a major mechanical failure that
requires you to

[[Page 51246]]

take the engine apart, you may no longer use it as a test engine.

Sec. 1065.420 Durability demonstration.

Where durability testing is required by the standard-setting part,
you must perform the service accumulation in a manner representative of
the manner in which the engine is expected to be operated in use.
However, you may accumulate service hours using an accelerated schedule
(e.g., using continuous operation). The following specifications also
apply:
(a) Maintenance. (1) You may perform scheduled maintenance that you
recommend to operators, but only if it is consistent with any
applicable allowable maintenance restrictions of the standard-setting
part.
(2) You may performed additional maintenance only if we approve it
in advance, as specified in Sec. 1065.410(b).
(3) If your test engine has a major mechanical failure that
requires you to take the engine apart, you may no longer use it as a
test engine.
(b) Emission measurements. (1) Emission testing to determine
deterioration factors must be consistent with good engineering judgment
and must be spaced evenly throughout the durability period.
(2) Emission tests must be performed according to the provisions of
this part and the applicable provisions of the standard-setting part.

Subpart F--Running an Emission Test

Sec. 1065.500 Overview of the engine dynamometer test procedures.

(a) The engine dynamometer test procedure measures the brake-
specific emissions of hydrocarbons (total and nonmethane, as
applicable), carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen. To perform this
test procedure, you first dilute exhaust emissions with ambient air and
collect a continuous proportional sample for analysis, then analyze the
composite samples (either in bags after the test or continuously during
the test). The general test procedure consists of a test cycle made of
one or more segments; check the standard-setting part for specific
cycles. The segments are:
(1) Either a cold-start cycle (where emissions are measured) or a
warm-up cycle (where emissions are not measured).
(2) A hot-start transient test (some test cycles may omit engine
starting from the ``hot-start'' cycle).
(3) A steady-state test.
(b) Power is measured using the torque and rpm feedback signals
from the dynamometer. This produces a brake kilowatt-hour value that
leads to a calculation of brake-specific emissions (see Subpart G of
this part).
(c) Prepare engines for testing according to the following
provisions:
(1) When you test an engine or operate it for service accumulation,
you need to use the complete engine, with all emission-control devices
installed and functioning.
(2) For air-cooled engines, the fan must be installed.
(3) You may install additional accessories (for example, oil
cooler, alternators, air compressors, etc.) or simulate their loading
if they are typical of in-use operation. This loading must be applied
during all testing operations, including mapping.
(4) The engine may be equipped with a production-type starter.
(5) Cool the engine in a way that will maintain the engine
operating temperatures (for example, temperatures of intake air, oil,
water, etc.) at approximately the same temperatures as would occur
during normal operation. You may use auxiliary fans to maintain engine
cooling during operation on the dynamometer. You may use rust
inhibitors and lubrication additives, up to the levels recommended by
the additive manufacturer. You may also use antifreeze mixtures and
other coolants typical of those approved for use by the manufacturer.
(6) Use representative exhaust systems and air intake systems. Make
sure that the exhaust restriction is between 80 and 100 percent of the
recommended maximum specified exhaust restriction, and that the air
inlet restriction is between that of a clean filter and the maximum
restriction specification. The manufacturer is liable for emission
compliance from the minimum in-use restrictions to the maximum
restrictions specified by the manufacturer for that particular engine.

Sec. 1065.510 Engine mapping procedures.

(a) Power map. Perform an engine power map with the engine mounted
on the dynamometer. Use the torque curve resulting from the mapping to
convert the normalized torque values in the engine cycle to actual
torque values for the test cycle. The minimum speed range is from the
warm no-load idle speed to 105 percent of the maximum test speed.
Since, the maximum test speed is determined from the power map, it may
be necessary to perform a preliminary power map to determine the full
mapping range. You may perform a preliminary power map during engine
warmup. To map the engine, do the following things in sequence:
(1) Warm up the engine so oil and water temperatures vary by less
than 2 percent for 2 minutes.
(2) Operate the engine at the warm no-load idle speed.
(3) Fully open the throttle.
(4) While maintaining wide-open throttle and full-load, maintain
minimum engine speed for at least 15 seconds. Record the average torque
during the last 5 seconds.
(5) In 100±20 rpm increments, determine the maximum
torque curve for the full speed range. Hold each test point for 15
seconds, and record the average torque over the last 5 seconds.
(6) Fit all data points recorded with a cubic spline, Akima, or
other technique we approve in advance. The resultant curve must be
accurate to within ±1.0 ft-lbs of all recorded engine
torques.
(b) Power map with continual rpm sweep. In place of paragraphs
(a)(1) through (a)(4) of this section, you may do a a continual sweep
of rpm. While operating at wide-open throttle, increase the engine
speed at an average rate of 8±1 rpm/sec over the full speed
range. Record speed and torque points at a rate of at least one point
per second. Connect all points generated under this approach by linear
interpolation.
(c) Alternate mapping. If you believe the above mapping techniques
are unsafe or unrepresentative for any given engine or engine family,
you may use alternate mapping techniques. These alternate techniques
must satisfy the intent of the specified mapping procedures to
determine the maximum available torque at all engine speeds that occur
during the test cycles. Report deviations from the mapping techniques
specified in this section for reasons of safety or representativeness.
In no case, however, may you use descending continual sweeps of rpm for
governed or turbocharged engines.
(d) Replicate tests. You need not map an engine before each and
every test. Remap an engine before a test in any of the following
situations:
(1) An unreasonable amount of time has passed since the last map,
as determined by good engineering judgment.
(2) The barometric pressure prior to the start of the cold-cycle
test has changed more than 1 in. Hg from the average barometric
pressure observed during the map.
(3) The engine has undergone physical changes or recalibration that
might affect engine performance.

Sec. 1065.515 Transient test cycle generation.

(a) Denormalizing test cycles. The applicable test cycles are
contained in the standard-setting parts. These cycles

[[Continued on page 51247]]

Notices For
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994

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