Control of Air Pollution From Motor Vehicles and New Motor
Vehicle Engines; Increase of the Vehicle Mass for 3-Wheeled Motorcycles
[Proposed Rules]
[Page 30291-30296]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr03jn97-26]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 86
[FRL-5833-8]
Control of Air Pollution From Motor Vehicles and New Motor
Vehicle Engines; Increase of the Vehicle Mass for 3-Wheeled Motorcycles
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: Today's action proposes to change the regulatory definition of
a motorcycle to include 3-wheeled vehicles weighing up to 1749 pounds
effective for 1997 and later model year motorcycles for which emission
standards are in place.
The action proposed today is anticipated to create no detrimental
health effects, and will therefore retain the health benefits derived
from the current motorcycle regulations in effect.
DATES: Comments must be received on or before August 4, 1997 or 30 days
after the date of the public hearing, if one is held. If a public
hearing is requested, EPA will conduct a public hearing on this Notice
of Proposed Rulemaking on July 3, 1997 at 10:00 AM at the Courtyard by
Marriott, 3205 Boardwalk, Ann Arbor, Michigan. To request a hearing,
notify the person listed in the ``For Further Information Contact''
section within 15 days after the publication date of this action. If a
request is received by this time, a public hearing will be held.
Contact the person listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT
section to find out if a hearing will be held. Further information on
the public hearing can be found in Supplementary Information, Section
V.B., Public Hearing.
ADDRESSES: Materials relevant to this Rulemaking are contained in
Docket No.
[[Page 30292]]
A-96-49. The docket is located at the Air Docket section, 401 M Street
SW., Washington, DC 20460, and may be viewed in room M-1500 between
8:00 a.m. and 5:30 p.m., Monday through Friday. The telephone number is
(202) 260-7548 and the facsimile number is (202) 260-4400. A reasonable
fee may be charged by EPA for copying docket material.
All written comments must be identified with the appropriate docket
number (Docket No. A-96-49) and must be submitted in duplicate to the
address listed above, with a complimentary copy to Frank Lamitola at
the address listed below.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Frank Lamitola, Vehicle Programs and
Compliance Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2565
Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105. Telephone (313) 668-4479.
Email LAMITOLA.FRANK@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV. Fax (313) 741-7869.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Regulated Entities
Entities potentially regulated by this action are motorcycle and
motor vehicle manufacturers. Tabulated entities include the following:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Examples of regulated
Category entities
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Industry.................................. Motorcycle
manufacturers.
Manufacturers of 3-
wheeled vehicles.
Importers of
motorcycles.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a
guide for readers regarding entities likely to be regulated by this
action. This table lists the types of entities that EPA is now aware
could potentially be regulated by this action. Other types of entities
not listed in the table could also be regulated. To determine whether
your facility is regulated by this action, you should carefully examine
the criteria contained in section 86.402 of title 40 of the Code of
Federal Regulations, as modified by today's action. If you have
questions regarding the applicability of this action to a particular
entity, consult the person listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION CONTACT section.
Electronic Availability
Electronic copies of the preamble and the regulatory text of this
proposed rulemaking are available via the EPA internet web site. This
service is free of charge, except for any cost you already incur for
internet connectivity. The official Federal Register version is made
available on the day of publication on the primary EPA web site listed
below. The EPA Office of Mobile Sources also publishes these notices on
the secondary web site listed below:
EPA internet web site http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-AIR/ (either
select desired date or use Search feature)
OMS web site http://www.epa.gov/OMSWWW/ (look in ``What's New'' or
under the specific rulemaking topic)
Please note that due to differences between the software used to
develop the document and the software into which the document may be
downloaded, changes in format, page length, etc. may occur.
Table of Contents
I. Introduction and Background
II. Requirements of the Proposed Rule
III. Discussion of Issues
A. Impact on Automotive Industry
B. Revision to Test Procedures
IV. Cost Effectiveness
V. Public Participation
A. Comments and the Public Docket
B. Public Hearing
VI. Administrative Requirements
A. Executive Order 12866
B. Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements
C. Impact on Small Entities
D. Unfunded Mandates Act
I. Introduction and Background
Section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act authorizes EPA to promulgate
emission standards for motor vehicles, including motorcycles. Section
202 (a)(3)(E) of the Act requires that EPA, when setting emission
standards for motorcycles, ``consider the need to achieve equivalency
of emission reductions between motorcycles and other motor vehicles to
the maximum extent practicable.'' EPA has promulgated emission
standards and accompanying regulations controlling emissions from new
motorcycles. See 42 FR 1122 (January 5, 1977). These regulations
included the definition of ``motorcycle.'' EPA originally proposed a
definition of ``motorcycle'' which would have included any 3-wheeled
vehicle ``which is not a passenger car or passenger car derivative''
regardless of weight. 1 Adverse public comment was received
stating that some small 3-wheeled vehicles share characteristics of a
passenger car as well as a motorcycle and therefore much confusion
would arise as to whether that vehicle should be regulated as a
passenger car or a motorcycle. EPA agreed with these comments, and
revised its definition of motorcycle in the final rule to be any 2-
wheeled vehicle or any 3-wheeled vehicle with a curb mass less than or
equal to 680 kilograms (1499 pounds). Any 3-wheeled vehicle over that
weight would be classified and regulated as a passenger car. The weight
was chosen because it was typical of the weight of 3-wheeled motor
vehicles available on the market at that time, and did not approach the
weight of light duty vehicles of the time.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ On October 22, 1975, a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM)
was published in the Federal Register (40 FR 49496) for the control
of exhaust and crankcase emissions from new motorcycles. In the
NPRM, ``motorcycle'' was proposed to be defined as ``any motor
vehicle designed to operate on not more than three wheels (including
any tricycle arrangement) in contact with the ground which is not a
passenger car or passenger car derivative.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In 1995, EPA was informed by a manufacturer of 3-wheeled vehicles
that a competitor was allegedly selling vehicles over the weight limit,
and that the manufacturer also wished to produce heavier 3-wheeled
vehicles. The market for 3-wheeled vehicles, according to the
manufacturer, was demanding more amenities which added weight, such as
air conditioning, power windows, etc. EPA was requested to consider
raising the weight limit to accommodate the market demand. EPA's
primary concern with such a change is that there is not much room for
increase before there would be overlap between motorcycles and light
duty vehicles. Raising the weight limit significantly could result in
allowing a 3-wheeled vehicle to pollute much more than a car when it
could weigh as much as a car, have all the amenities of a car, and be
used much in the same way as a car. This would not be in keeping with
the CAA mandate to consider the need to achieve equivalency of emission
reductions between motorcycles and other motor vehicles to the maximum
extent practicable. EPA believes it is appropriate to propose raising
the weight limit to 1749 pounds because it is still low enough to
preclude creating a new market for 3-wheeled vehicles being built as
passenger cars.2 The 1749 pound limit is about 60 pounds
lower than the lowest weight passenger car being sold in the U.S. today
and is substantially lower than the average weight of about 2900 pounds
for the sub-compact class of cars sold in the U.S.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\2\ Currently, 3-wheeled vehicles are primarily used in special
applications, such as police use, postal service, and recreation-
type use.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
EPA acknowledges that market-driven changes can occur in the
automotive
[[Page 30293]]
industry, and that it should accommodate such changes to the extent
practicable, providing that emission and health benefits are not
compromised. It is EPA's opinion that the number of 3-wheeled vehicles
affected by this action (i.e., falling between 1499 pounds and 1749
pounds) is going to be very small. Currently, EPA is aware of only two
companies certifying 3-wheeled vehicles (Cushman and Westward
Industries, Inc.), with a combined annual 3-wheeled vehicle production
of less than 1000 units. Furthermore, these affected vehicles are
substantially similar to and likely to be used much in the same way as
those 3-wheeled vehicles previously regulated as motorcycles.
Therefore, EPA believes that increasing the weight limit for 3-wheeled
vehicles by 250 pounds will not compromise air quality or health
benefits based on the current market for these vehicles. The health
benefits currently achieved by the motorcycle emission standards are
anticipated to remain, and not be adversely impacted by raising the
weight limit of 3-wheeled vehicles. EPA requests comments about the
potential for the weight increase to substantially increase the number
of such vehicles being sold in the U.S., or the manner in which they
are used.
II. Requirements of the Proposed Rule
EPA is proposing to increase the weight limit for 3-wheeled
motorcycles from 1,499 pounds (680 Kg) to 1,749 pounds (793 Kg). EPA is
also amending the motorcycle testing procedures to account for the
increase in weight.
III. Discussion of Issues
A. Impact on automotive industry
The Agency believes that today's proposal will not create a new
market for 3-wheeled vehicles that are similar to automobiles but can
be certified as motorcycles, primarily because the weight increase
being proposed is small, the sales volume of these vehicles is small,
and the additional weight is not overlapping with weights of light duty
passenger cars. However, the Agency has some concerns that the proposed
weight increase may create the possibility that smaller 4-wheeled
vehicles could be converted into 3-wheeled passenger vehicles for the
purposes of circumventing light duty vehicle emissions standards, and
requests comments on this issue. If, during the comment period, new
information comes to light about additional 3-wheeled vehicles being
introduced into the U.S. market as a result of the increased weight
limit, EPA may reconsider or revise this proposal.
B. Revisions to test procedures.
The original test procedures for motorcycles included a table to
determine the road load force and inertia weight used for dynamometer
testing. This table included values for loaded vehicle mass of up to
760 Kg. With today's proposal, the table has been expanded to included
values for loaded vehicle mass up to 870 Kg. To arrive at the values
added to this table, EPA extrapolated the data from the existing table.
An option exists in the current regulations which allows the
manufacturer to perform an actual vehicle road load measurement as
outlined under 40 CFR 86 Sec. 529(c), which EPA is not proposing to
change.
IV. Cost Effectiveness
No added costs will be incurred by the manufacturers of 3-wheeled
vehicles as a result of this proposal. The proposed weight change will
allow manufacturers to produce heavier 3-wheeled vehicles, presumably
allowing them to add options which will make the vehicles more
marketable.
Based on EPA's current knowledge about the size of the affected
market, the ramifications on emissions are likely to be very small. By
increasing the weight limit, 3-wheeled vehicles weighing between 1499
and 1749 pounds will now be permitted to comply with motorcycle
standards, rather than the light duty vehicles standards, which are
significantly more stringent. (It should be noted that to date, no 3-
wheeled vehicles have been certified to light duty vehicle standards.)
EPA requests comments on the potential impact of the proposal on future
production of 3-wheeled vehicles.
V. Public Participation
A. Comments and the Public Docket
EPA requests comments on all aspects of this proposed Rulemaking.
Commenters are especially encouraged to give suggestions for changing
any aspects of the proposal. All comments, with the exception of
proprietary information should be addressed to the EPA Air Docket
Section, Docket No. A-96-49 (see ADDRESSES).
Commenters who wish to submit proprietary information for
consideration should clearly separate such information from other
comments by (1) labeling proprietary information ``Confidential
Business Information'' and (2) sending proprietary information directly
to the contact person listed (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT) and
not to the public docket. This will help insure that proprietary
information is not inadvertently placed in the docket. If a commenter
wants EPA to use a submission labeled as confidential business
information as part of the basis for the final rule, then a
nonconfidential version of the document, which summarizes the key data
or information, should be sent to the docket.
Information covered by a claim of confidentiality will be disclosed
by EPA only to the extent allowed and by the procedures set forth in 40
CFR Part 2. If no claim of confidentiality accompanies the submission
when it is received by EPA, the submission may be made available to the
public without notifying the commenters.
B. Public Hearing
EPA will conduct a public hearing if one is requested, as discussed
in the DATES section above. Anyone wishing to present testimony about
this proposal at the public hearing should, if possible, notify the
contact person (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT) at least seven
days prior to the day of the hearing. The contact person should be
given an estimate of the time required for the presentation of
testimony and notification of any need for audio/visual equipment.
Testimony will be scheduled on a first come, first served basis. A
sign-up sheet will be available at the registration table the morning
of the hearing for scheduling those who have not notified the contact
earlier. This testimony will be scheduled on a first come, first served
basis to follow the previously scheduled testimony.
EPA requests that approximately 50 copies of the statement or
material to be presented be brought to the hearing for distribution to
the audience. In addition, EPA would find it helpful to receive an
advanced copy of any statement or material to be presented at the
hearing at least one week before the scheduled hearing date. This is to
give EPA staff adequate time to review such material before the
hearing. Such advanced copies should be submitted to the contact person
listed.
The official records of the hearing will be kept open for 30 days
following the hearing to allow submission of rebuttal and supplementary
testimony. All such submittals should be directed to the Air Docket
Section, Docket No. A-96-49 (see ADDRESSES). The hearing will be
conducted informally, and technical rules of evidence will not apply. A
written transcript of the hearing will be placed in the above docket
for review. Anyone desiring to purchase a copy of the transcript should
make individual arrangements with the court reporter recording the
proceedings.
[[Page 30294]]
VI. Administrative Requirements
A. Executive Order 12866
Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), the
Agency must determine whether the regulatory action is ``significant''
and therefore subject to OMB review and the requirements of the
Executive Order. The Order defines ``significant regulatory action'' as
one that is likely to result in a rule that may:
(1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more or
adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the
economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public
health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or
communities;
(2) Create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an
action taken or planned by another agency;
(3) Materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants,
user fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of recipients
thereof; or,
(4) Raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal
mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in
the Executive Order.
It has been determined that this rule is not a ``significant
regulatory action'' under the terms of Executive Order 12866 and is
therefore not subject to OMB review.
B. Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements
This regulation does not impose any new information collection
requirements and results in no change to the currently approved
collection. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has approved the
information collection requirements contained in this rule under the
provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. and
has assigned OMB control number 2060-0104.
Burden means the total time, effort, or financial resources
expended by persons to generate, maintain, retain, or disclose or
provide information to or for a Federal agency. This includes the time
needed to review instructions; develop, acquire, install, and utilize
technology and systems for the purposes of collecting, validating, and
verifying information, processing and maintaining information, and
disclosing and providing information; adjust the existing ways to
comply with any previously applicable instructions and requirements;
train personnel to be able to respond to a collection of information;
search data sources; complete and review the collection of information;
and transmit or otherwise disclose the information.
An Agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required
to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a
currently valid OMB control number.
The OMB control numbers for EPA's regulations are listed in 40 CFR
Part 9 and 48 CFR Chapter 15.
C. Impact on Small Entities
EPA has determined that it is not necessary to prepare a draft
regulatory flexibility analysis in connection with this proposed rule.
This rule will not have a significant adverse economic impact because
it will increase the weight limit on these vehicles, thereby allowing
the manufacturers of three-wheeled vehicles to produce these vehicles
within the weight limit of 1749 pounds (793 Kg). This weight increase
will allow manufacturers of vehicles near the existing limit of 1499
pounds (680 Kg) to provide more options on those vehicles and thus
share the existing market with competing entities fairly. EPA has
identified only two manufacturers currently manufacturing such
vehicles. Therefore, the Administrator certifies that this regulation
does not have a significant impact on a substantial number of small
entities.
D. Unfunded Mandates Act
Under section 202 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
(``Unfunded Mandates Act''), signed into law on March 22, 1995, EPA
must prepare a budgetary impact statement to accompany any proposed or
final rule that includes a Federal mandate that may result in estimated
costs to State, local, or tribal governments in the aggregate; or to
the private sector, or $100 million or more. Under Section 205, EPA
must select the most cost effective and least burdensome alternative
that achieves the objectives of the rule and is consistent with
statutory requirements. Section 203 requires EPA to establish a plan
for informing and advising any small governments that may be
significantly or uniquely impacted by the rule.
EPA has determined that the final approval action promulgated today
does not include a Federal mandate that may result in estimated costs
of $100 million or more to either State, local, or tribal governments
in the aggregate, or to the private sector.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 86
Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,
Motor vehicle pollution.
Dated: May 23, 1997.
Carol M. Browner,
Administrator.
For the reasons set out in the preamble, part 86 of title 40 of the
Code of Federal Regulations is amended as follows:
PART 86--CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM NEW AND IN-USE MOTOR
VEHICLES AND NEW AND IN-USE MOTOR VEHICLE ENGINES: CERTIFICATION
AND TEST PROCEDURES
1. The authority citation for Part 86 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
Subpart E--Emission Regulations for 1978 and Later New Motorcycles,
General Provisions--[Amended]
2. A new section 86.402-97 is added to read as follows:
Sec. 86.402-97 Definitions.
The definitions of 86.402-78 remain effective. The definition in
this section is effective beginning with the 1997 model year.
Motorcycle means any motor vehicle with a headlight, taillight, and
stoplight and having: Two wheels, or Three wheels and a curb mass less
than or equal to 793 kilograms (1749 pounds).
3. Paragraph (d) of Sec. 86.406-78 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 86.406-78 Introduction, structure of subpart, further
information.
* * * * *
(d) Manufacturers who are considering an application should
contact: Director, Vehicle Programs and Compliance Division,
Environmental Protection Agency, 2565 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, Michigan
48105 and state whether he/she plans to certify for total sales of
greater than or less than 10,000 vehicles for the applicable model
year.
Subpart F--Emission Regulations for 1978 and Later New Motorcycles;
Test Procedures--[Amended]
4. Paragraph (c) of Sec. 86.518-78 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 86.518-78 Dynamometer calibration.
* * * * *
(c) The performance check consists of conducting a dynamometer
coastdown at one or more inertia-horsepower settings and comparing the
coastdown time to the table in Figure F97-9 of Sec. 86.529-97. If the
coastdown time is outside the tolerance, a new calibration is required.
5. A new Sec. 86.529-97 is added to read as follows:
[[Page 30295]]
Sec. 86.529-97 Road load force and inertia weight determination.
(a) Road load as a function of speed is given by the following
equation:
F = A + CV2
The values for coefficients A and C and the test inertia are given in
Figure F97-9. Velocity V is in km/h and force (F) is in newtons. The
forces given by this equation shall be simulated to the best ability of
the equipment being used.
(b) The inertia given in Figure F97-9 shall be used. Motorcycles
with loaded vehicle mass outside these limits shall be tested at an
equivalent inertial mass and road load force specified by the
Administrator.
Figure F97-9
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Force coefficients 70 to 60 km/h coastdown
---------------------- calibration times
--------------------------------
Equivalent Force at Allowable tolerance
Loaded vehicle mass (kg) inertial C (nt/(km/ 65 km/h Target ---------------------
mass (kg) A (nt) h)2) (nt) time Longest Shortest
(sec) time time
(sec) (sec)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
95-105............................ 100 0.0 .0224 94.8 2.95 3.1 2.8
106-115........................... 110 0.82 .0227 96.8 3.18 3.3 3.0
116-125........................... 120 1.70 .0230 98.8 3.39 3.6 3.2
126-135........................... 130 2.57 .0233 100.9 3.60 3.8 3.4
136-145........................... 140 3.44 .0235 102.9 3.80 4.0 3.6
146-155........................... 150 4.32 .0238 104.9 3.99 4.2 3.8
156-165........................... 160 5.19 .0241 107.0 4.10 4.4 4.0
166-175........................... 170 6.06 .0244 109.0 4.36 4.6 4.2
176-185........................... 180 6.94 .0246 111.0 4.53 4.7 4.3
186-195........................... 190 7.81 .0249 113.1 4.69 4.9 4.5
196-205........................... 200 8.69 .0252 115.1 4.85 5.1 4.6
206-215........................... 210 9.56 .0255 117.1 5.00 5.2 4.8
216-225........................... 220 10.43 .0257 119.2 5.15 5.4 4.9
226-235........................... 230 11.31 .0260 121.2 5.30 5.5 5.1
236-245........................... 240 12.18 .0263 123.2 5.43 5.7 5.2
246-255........................... 250 13.06 .0266 125.3 5.57 5.8 5.4
256-265........................... 260 13.93 .0268 127.3 5.70 5.9 5.5
266-275........................... 270 14.80 .0271 129.3 5.82 6.1 5.6
276-285........................... 280 15.68 .0274 131.4 5.95 6.2 5.7
286-295........................... 290 16.55 .0277 133.4 6.06 6.3 5.8
296-305........................... 300 17.43 .0279 135.4 6.18 6.4 6.0
306-315........................... 310 18.30 .0282 137.5 6.29 6.5 6.1
316-325........................... 320 19.17 .0285 139.5 6.40 6.6 6.2
326-335........................... 330 20.05 .0288 141.6 6.50 6.7 6.3
336-345........................... 340 20.92 .0290 143.6 6.60 6.8 6.4
346-355........................... 350 21.80 .0293 145.6 6.70 6.9 6.5
356-365........................... 360 22.67 .0296 147.7 6.80 7.0 6.6
366-375........................... 370 23.54 .0299 149.7 6.89 7.1 6.7
376-385........................... 380 24.42 .0301 151.7 6.98 7.2 6.8
386-395........................... 390 25.29 .0304 153.8 7.07 7.3 6.9
396-405........................... 400 26.17 .0307 155.8 7.16 7.4 6.9
406-415........................... 410 27.04 .0310 157.8 7.24 7.5 7.0
416-425........................... 420 27.91 .0312 159.9 7.33 7.6 7.1
426-435........................... 430 28.79 .0315 161.9 7.41 7.6 7.2
436-445........................... 440 29.66 .0317 163.7 7.49 7.7 7.3
446-455........................... 450 30.54 .0318 164.9 7.61 7.8 7.4
456-465........................... 460 31.41 .0319 166.0 7.73 8.0 7.5
466-475........................... 470 32.28 .0319 167.1 7.84 8.1 7.6
476-485........................... 480 33.16 .0320 168.3 7.95 8.2 7.7
486-495........................... 490 34.03 .0320 169.4 8.06 8.3 7.8
496-505........................... 500 34.90 .0321 170.5 8.17 8.4 7.9
506-515........................... 510 35.78 .0322 171.7 8.28 8.5 8.0
516-525........................... 520 36.65 .0322 172.8 8.39 8.6 8.2
526-535........................... 530 37.53 .0323 173.9 8.49 8.7 8.3
536-545........................... 540 38.40 .0323 175.1 8.60 8.8 8.4
546-555........................... 550 39.27 .0324 176.2 8.70 9.0 8.5
556-565........................... 560 40.15 .0325 177.3 8.80 9.1 8.6
566-575........................... 570 41.02 .0325 178.5 8.90 9.2 8.7
576-585........................... 580 41.90 .0326 179.6 9.00 9.3 8.8
586-595........................... 590 42.77 .0327 180.8 9.10 9.4 8.9
596-605........................... 600 43.64 .0327 181.9 9.19 9.5 8.9
606-615........................... 610 44.52 .0328 183.0 9.29 9.5 9.0
616-625........................... 620 45.39 .0328 184.2 9.38 9.6 9.1
626-635........................... 630 46.27 .0329 185.3 9.47 9.7 9.2
636-645........................... 640 47.14 .0330 186.4 9.56 9.8 9.3
646-655........................... 650 48.01 .0330 187.6 9.65 9.9 9.4
656-665........................... 660 48.89 .0331 188.7 9.74 10.0 9.5
666-675........................... 670 49.76 .0332 189.8 9.83 10.1 9.6
676-685........................... 680 50.64 .0332 191.0 9.92 10.2 9.7
[[Page 30296]]
686-695........................... 690 51.51 .0333 192.1 10.01 10.3 9.8
696-705........................... 700 52.38 .0333 193.2 10.09 10.4 9.8
706-715........................... 710 53.26 .0334 194.4 10.17 10.4 9.9
716-725........................... 720 54.13 .0335 195.5 10.26 10.5 10.0
726-735........................... 730 55.01 .0335 196.6 10.34 10.6 10.1
736-745........................... 740 55.88 .0336 197.8 10.42 10.7 10.2
746-755........................... 750 56.75 .0336 198.9 10.50 10.8 10.2
756-765........................... 760 57.63 .0337 200.1 10.58 10.9 10.3
766-775........................... 770 58.50 .0338 201.2 10.66 10.9 10.3
776-785........................... 780 59.38 .0338 203.3 10.74 11.0 10.4
786-795........................... 790 60.25 .0339 204.5 10.82 11.1 10.5
796-805........................... 800 61.12 .0339 205.6 10.91 11.2 10.6
806-815........................... 810 62.00 .0340 206.7 10.99 11.3 10.7
816-825........................... 820 62.87 .0341 207.9 11.07 11.4 10.8
826-835........................... 830 63.75 .0341 209.0 11.15 11.5 10.8
836-845........................... 840 64.62 .0342 210.1 11.24 11.5 10.9
846-855........................... 850 65.49 .0343 211.3 11.32 11.6 11.0
856-865........................... 860 66.37 .0343 212.4 11.40 11.7 11.1
866-873........................... 870 67.24 .0344 213.5 11.48 11.8 11.2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(c) The dynamometer shall be adjusted to reproduce the specified
road load as determined by the most recent calibration. Alternatively,
the actual vehicle road load can be measured and duplicated:
(1) Make at least 5 replicate coastdowns in each direction from 70
to 60 km/h on a smooth, level track under balanced wind conditions. The
driver must have a mass of 80 10 kg and be in the normal
driving position. Record the coastdown time.
(2) Average the coastdown times. Adjust the dynamometer load so
that the coastdown time is duplicated with the vehicle and driver on
the dynamometer.
(3) Alternate procedures may be used if approved in advance by the
Administrator.
[FR Doc. 97-14441 Filed 6-2-97; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
![[logo] US EPA](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20090510205414im_/http://www.epa.gov/epafiles/images/logo_epaseal.gif){kind=logo}