This is the generic class for (a) originating or emitting
a coded set of discrete signals or (b) translating one code into
another code wherein the information signal content remains the
same but the formats may differ. For classification herein, at
least one of the codes must be a set of pulses or digits and electrical
in nature.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
Excluded from this class is analog to analog conversion. See
References to Other Classes, below, for examples of other classes
containing this subject matter.
Included in this class (341) is subject matter relating to codes,
per se, such as Morse codes, grey codes. Excluded from this class
are coded records and coded record readers . See References to Other
Classes, below,
Combinations of an optically encoded shaft wheel and a photocell
absent any signal processing circuitry are classified elsewhere.
See References to Other Classes, below.
Code converters which may be utilized in pulse or digital
communication systems, Class 375, are classified in this class (341).
A. The combination of the subject matter of this class (341)
and another art environment is generally classified with the art
device where the environment is significant by virtue of the claimed
relationship. For example:
Coding and decoding for cryptography
Coding and decoding for error detection or correction
Code transmitters specific to telemetry.
Data compression and expansion
Microwave devices.
Radiowave beacons.
Radar generation, conversion or systems
B. Pulse generation or conversion which is not unique to
communications are classified in the appropriate classes. For example:
Pulse demodulation, per se.
Pulse generation.
Pulse modulation, per se
Pulse wave conversion systems; i.e., sine wave to pulse wave
See References to Other Classes, below, for appropriate class
references.
This class is structured into 14 main divisions. See Subclass
References to the Current Class, below.
SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS
Telegraphy,
subclass 2 for teles:graphic code changers, subclass 26.1
for telegraph printing page translators, and subclass 71 for code transformers
in automatic telegraph repeaters.
Registers,
subclass 429 for electromechanical means to translate the code
sensed from a coded record into a different code; subclasses 487+ for
coded records and subclasses 435+ for coded record readers.
Radiant Energy,
subclass 231 for optical or photocell systems having a light
valve which is actuated by a shaft encoder or angle indicator absent
any signal processing circuitry, subclass 271 for invisible radiant
energy coded record readers, subclasses 555+ for coded
record controlled photocell circuits and subclasses 566+ for
coded record reading optical or pre-photocell systems; appropriate
subclasses for Microwave devices.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems,
subclasses 50+ for signal discriminating or comparing by amplitude,
subclasses 100+ for miscellaneous signal conversion or
generation, i.e., sine wave to pulse wave, and subclasses 1+ for
signal discriminating by various parameters; subclasses 291+ for
Pulse generation.
Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 5.1 through 5.92for intelligence comparison for controlling in
a selective communication system, subclass 825.56 for selective
systems with encoding of data, subclasses 870.01-870.44 for telemetering
code transmitters, and subclass 870.21 for telemetry with analog
to digital conversion.
Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems
and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation),
subclass 185 for scan conversion in a radar system; subclasses
385+ for radiowave beacons.
Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual
Display Systems,
subclasses 156+ for visual display systems with selective electrical control
including specified input means and subclasses 418-475 for computer
graphics processing.
Television,
subclasses 441 through 459for television signal format conversion, subclasses 469-496
for television signal formatting, and subclasses 384.1-440.1 for
analog television bandwidth compression or expansion.
Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval,
subclass 32 for analog to or from digital conversion combined
with magnetic dynamic recording or reproduction, and subclasses
40+ for dynamic magnetic recording of digital signals in
specified codes or formats.
Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems
and Devices,
subclass 66 for analog and digital compatible acoustic wave
systems and subclass 74 for format conversion in an acoustic wave
system.
Pulse or Digital Communications,
subclasses 240.01 through 240.29for digital television bandwidth reduction systems
and subclasses 242-254 for pulse code modulation of an input analog
signal.
Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift
Registers: Circuits and Systems,
subclass 42 for analog to digital or digital to analog conversion
of the input or output of such systems.
Telephonic Communications,
subclass 281 for conversion between dial pulse and tone signals in
a telephone switching system, subclass 289 for a translator in a
telephone switching system, subclass 339 for signal conversion in
telephone repeaters and subclass 353 for conversion of signal form
in telephony.
Cryptography, appropriate subclasses for electrical cryptos:graphic
devices, particularly encoding or decoding for cryptos:graphic purposes,
which is excluded from this class (341).
Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and
Devices,
subclasses 29 through 35for time or bandwidth compression or expansion of
an audio signal which may involve analog to or from digital conversion
and subclasses 36 through 53 for speech analysis and/or
synthesis which may involve analog to or from digital conversion.
Amusement Devices: Games,
subclasses 1+ , particularly subclasses 36+, for a code
generator or conversion device either combined with a game or particularly
adapted to serve as an input device for an electronic game.
Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications,
subclasses 83 through 85for input means for generic data processing control
systems and subclasses 245-264 for robot control.
Data Processing: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics,
Language Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression,
subclasses 500+ for differential encoding of audio signals.
Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating,
subclasses 1+ for hybrid computer systems having analog to digital
or digital to analog conversion and subclasses 131+ for input
means for digital data processors or computers.
Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems:
Multiple Computer or Process Coordinating, appropriate subclassesfor data transfer among a plurality of spatially
distributed computers or digital data processing systems.
Error Detection/Correction and Fault
Detection/Recovery,
subclasses 752 through 798for conversion of digital data into error detecting or
correcting codes, subclass 810 for error/fault detection
techniques for a multilevel code and subclass 823 for error detection
by transmission of data and its complement.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having a spatial variation of a parameter
on an object to form a digital pattern carrier (e.g., movable code
disk), and a pattern reading device providing a digital output.
(1)
Note. Data conversion combined with structural detail of
another art device is classifiable with the art device.
(2)
Note. A record reader reads a selected one of plural recorded
patterns, while a digital pattern reader can only read one pattern.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter having a plurality of digital pattern carriers
each producing an output signal portion representing a different
integral power of the base or radix (denominational order) of the
digital representation or an element of a combination code.
(1)
Note. Included herein are plural code disks with gearing
to cause different motion from a common motive power source.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the pattern is characterized by a
mathematical function such that an encoded signal does not vary
in direct proportion to the input being encoded.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter having structure to produce a signal in accordance
with the position of an object on a predetermined surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter in which the digital pattern carrier and
the pattern reading device have bidirectional motion therebetween,
and includes circuitry or structure to distinguish the direction
of such movement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter having structure or circuitry to positively
ascertain which one of two adjacent pattern portions is being read
when close to a boundary between two pattern portions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter where the digital pattern carrier has two
patterns, one of which is the complement of the other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter where the digital pattern has a plurality
of separate tracks such that the digital output signal obtained
is composed of several signal parts usually each representing a
denominational order of the digital representation or an element
of a combination code.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter where the digital pattern is such that it
produces a signal (pulse) on a single terminal for each predetermined
incremental change of an input.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter where a beam of electrons is moved relative
to a pattern in order to convert an analog signal to a digital signal.
Radiant Energy,
subclass 231 for a photocell shaft encoder, subclass 271 for
invisible radiant energy coded record readers, subclasses 555+ for coded
record controlled photocell circuits and subclasses 566+ for
coded record reading optical or prephotocell systems absent any
signal processing circuitry.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Subject matter which includes an elongated optically transparent
structure to carry light between the pattern carrier and a pattern
reading device or light source.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter where the digital pattern on the carrier
is a spatial variation of a magnetic, or electrostatic field, or
permeability thereof to such a field, and the pattern reading device includes
a device responsive to such a field.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter having a code member with projections for
actuating a force operated switch according to a code to be generated.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having a control element which an operator
physically contacts to control the transmission or generation of
a coded set of pulses.
Amusement Devices: Games,
subclasses 1+ , particularly subclasses 36+, for a code
generator or conversion device either combined with a game or particularly
adapted to serve as an input device for an electronic game.
Communications: Electrical,
subclass 825.19 for selective communications or remote control
equipment for a handicapped user, and subclass 407 for an electrical
tactile signalling device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Subject matter including an array of manually actuated control
elements, each of which is indicative of a code value (i.e., digits).
Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers,
subclasses 1+ for a multiple circuit control arrangement, such as
a keyboard, absent circuitry to generate or transmit a code.
Registers,
subclasses 7+ for a cash register having a keyboard; subclasses 54,
55 for a voting machine, having a keyboard; subclasses 59-61 for
a mechanical register, having a keyboard; subclass 145 for a mechanical keyboard;
subclasses 430+ for a record controlled device, having
a keyboard.
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Subject matter wherein each control element may represent
a plurality of code values and includes structure to provide an
indication of the code value of each element.
(1)
Note. Included herein are overlays and movable legend exhibitors,
and electrical legend indicators.
(2)
Note. A plural legend which is always on a key such as a
shifted character indication which legend does not change is not
in this subclass.
Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual
Display Systems,
subclasses 173+ for selective displays with overlying touch panels wherein
the selective display may define a keyboard.
Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery, appropriate subclasses for error detection or correction
in an electrical device of general utility.
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Subject matter having a detail of a device which sequentially
senses the state of the plural control elements.
Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 815+ for a visual indicator; subclasses 384.1+ for
an audible signal; subclasses 407.1+ for an electrical
tactile indicator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Subject matter wherein the keys are specifically adapted
for generating a code corresponding to a design or a pictorial language
symbol representative of an idea or object rather than a word or
sound.
(1)
Note. Such a symbol code is often produced by operation of
a key combination rather than single key.
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Subject matter in which the duration of or between pulses,
or the order of diverse types of pulses, is varied.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes pulse permutation devices.
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Subject matter in which the meaning of the pulse code is
determined solely by the number of pulses transmitted.
(1)
Note. The type of code found in this subclass is known in
the art as the numerical pulse type.
(2)
Note. The pulses may, but need not, be identical.
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Subject matter in which the operation of a control element
is sensed by a magnetic field responsive sensor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Subject matter in which the operation of a control element
is sensed by a sensor responsive to an applied mechanical force.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising means whereby a system of digital
signals representing information is changed to a different system
of digital signals representing the same information.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting digital signals to or from
other digital signals wherein the coding is automatically modified
during the coding process.
Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,
subclasses 426.02 through 426.11for transmission of facsimile data combined with
adaptive or predictive encoding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting digital signals, where certain
types of wave forms are used to represent zeros and ones, to other
digital signals where different wave forms are used to represent
zeros and ones.
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter where specific pulse widths are used to represent
the signal states of the digital signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter where different specific frequencies are
used to represent the signal states of the digital signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting digitally encoded signals
to other digitally encoded signals by substituting one combination
of bits for another combination of bits.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting to or from digital signals
in which each bit of one of the digital signals can be one of three
or more signal states.
(1)
Note. This subclass is not intended to include subject matter
where one of the states of the digital signals is used only for
framing or synchronizing purposes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Subject matter for converting digital signals where each
bit may have one of two stable states to or from digital signals
where each bit may have one of three stable states.
(1)
Note. This subclass is not intended to include subject matter
where the third state of the digital signals is used only for framing
or synchronizing purposes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. for converting digital signals to or from other digital
signals wherein the coding is arranged to minimize the direct current
component present in the converted signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting to or from codes where the
number of successive ones or zeros occurring in the code is constrained
not to exceed a predetermined limit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting to or from codes comprising
more than one shorter data words so that they can be handled by
a machine component designed for longer data words.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for changing the number of bits per unit
of time during which the bits comprising a digital signal are presented.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting between digital signals where
each digit of a number expressed in a system having a base of ten
is individually coded as a number having a base of two, and digital
signals where each digit of a decimal number is represented by a "one" in
an appropriate one of ten bit positions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting digital signals to or from
other digital signals by counting the number of zeros and or ones
in the signal and substituting a digital indication of that count
in place of the actual bits (e.g., run length codes).
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting digital signals to or from
other digital signals wherein the number of discrete pulses is representative
of the coded information.
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Subject matter for converting coded digital signals to or
from other coded digital signals representing the same information,
where the various code words are generated based on the probability
of character or symbol occurrence.
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Subject matter where each character is represented by one
or more bits which may have two different lengths, the particular
code assigned to each character being in accordance with the coding
system known as Morse code.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting digital signals to or from
other digital signals wherein the words are not all of the same
bit length.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting digital signals to or from
a digital signal waveform wherein the signal levels do not return
to zero between successive bit periods.
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter for converting digital signals encoded so
that the signal returns to zero between successive bits to digital
signals wherein the signal does not return to zero between successive
bits or vice versa.
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter for converting digital signals to or from
other digital signals wherein a one is encoded as a transition from
a high to a low level during the middle of a bit cell and a zero is
encoded as a transition from a low to a high level during the middle
of a bit cell or where a zero is encoded as a transition from a
high to a low level during the middle of a bit cell and a one is
encoded as a transition from a low to a high level during the middle
of a bit cell.
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter for converting digital signals to or from
other digital signals wherein there is a transition at the beginning
of every bit cell and (a) a one is no second transition and a zero
is a second transition half a bit period later, or (b) a one is
a second transition half a bit period later and a zero is no second
transition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter for converting digital signals to or from
other digital signals wherein a one is encoded as a transition in
the middle of a bit cell and a zero is encoded as a transition at
the start of the bit cell except there is no transition after a
one.
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter where data is represented by a code where
zeros are represented by a 01 during each bit cell and ones are
represented by 11 or 00 alternately during each bit cell, Also called
binary coded alternate mark inversion.
(1)
Note. See U.S. Patent No. 4,325,053 for an example.
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter for converting digital signals to or from
other digital signals where a one is a transition at the end of
a bit period and a zero is a transition at the center of a bit period,
except when a zero follows a one, in which case there is no transition
in the bit period.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting digital signals to or from
other digital signals such that the information represented by the
latter digital signals are a nonlinear function of the information
represented by the former digital signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting digital signals to or from
other digital signals wherein each signal is determined as the result
of a difference or comparison between the current value of the signal
and prior values of the signal.
Data Processing: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics,
Language Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression,
subclasses 500+ for differential encoding of audio signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter where the output signal is a series of one
bit words representing the difference between the current input
signal and the integral value of all prior input signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter where the code converter contains apparatus
which is operator changeable to modify the conversion process.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter where interconnections of switches have a
divergent branching arrangement with each preceding switch output
connected to a plurality of succeeding switches or vice versa.
For example:
(1)
Note. The switches may comprise any type of switch which
is suitable for switching electric current.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting to or from codes wherein the
relative weighing assigned to each bit of the code word is equal
to the sum of the weights of the adjacent two bits of lesser significance.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting to or from a data format wherein
each data word as presented contains bits from more than one code
word.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting digital signals to or from
other digital signals wherein single words are encoded using two
or more different codes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting digital signals to or from
other digital signals where the coding involves two or more different
bases.
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Subject matter for converting from digital signals representing
numbers coded in a system having a base of two to digital signals
where each digit of these numbers is individually coded in a system
having a base of two.
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Subject matter for converting from digital signals where
each digit of a number having a base of ten is encoded using a base
of two to digital signals where the number as a whole is coded in
a system having a base of two.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter where the conversion is accomplished by a
code generator which is allowed to operate until it generates the
new code equivalent of the old code word sought to be converted.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting digital signals to a form
wherein signals representing data which are not essential to the
desired information are eliminated.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter comprising converters which convert digital
signals in one code to digital signals in another code and also
convert the latter digital signals back to the first digital signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting digital signals to or from
other digital signals which are encoded so that numerals as well
as letters of the alphabet and special symbols may be represented.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter for converting digital signals to or from
other digital signals which are coded in Baudot code.
(1)
Note. Baudot code is a code having five bit positions. Two
of the thirty-two possible codes are reserved for a "LETTERS" and "FIGURES" shift
command. If the "LETTERS" shift command is actuated
the remaining thirty codes are used to indicate letters and machine commands.
If the "FIGURES" shift command is actuated the
same thirty codes are used to indicate numbers, punctuation marks
and machine commands.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter for converting digital signals to or from
other digital signals which are coded in Hollerith code.
(1)
Note. Hollerith code is used on IBM punched cards where each
character on the card is represented by holes in a vertical column.
There are eighty vertical columns each having twelve possible hole
positions. In accordance with the Hollerith code characters are
represented one, two, or three holes in particular positions in
the vertical columns.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting digital signals to or from
other digital signals which are derivable from a specified number
by subtracting it from a second specified number.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter with means inherent in the converter for
sensing when the converter is producing an incorrect result and/or
correcting the result.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting digital signals of one set
word length to signals of another set word length.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting digital signals to or from
other digital signals encoded in a format so that in going from
any particular numerical value to an immediately adjacent numerical
value a constant number of bit positions change state.
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter for converting from a unit distance code
as shown in the chart below to a code where numbers are expressed
in a system having a base of two.
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter for converting from a code where numbers
are expressed in a system having a base of two to a unit distance
code where decimal values are assigned as shown in the chart below
for the first 15 words.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting digital signals to or from
other digital signals which are arranged in codes designed to activate
particular devices for displaying the value of the coded signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting digital signals wherein the
bits of each word are presented one bit at a time in sequence to
digital signals where all bits of a word are presented simultaneously.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting digital signals where all
bits of a word are presented simultaneously to digital signals wherein
the bits of each word are presented one bit at a time in sequence.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting digital signals to or from
other digital signals which have a given number of bit positions
(M) and where, in each of the code words, the same number of bit
positions (N) contain a one.
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter for converting digital signals from one "N" out
of "M" code to another "N" out
of "M" code where the values of N and/or M
are different.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting digital signals which represent
a number in a system having a base of two to signals where each
digit of a number expressed in a system having a base ten is represented
by a "one" in an appropriate one of the ten bit
positions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting digital signals, where each
digit of a number expressed in a system having a base of ten is
represented by a "one" in an appropriate one of
the ten bit positions, to digital signals which represent the number
in a system having a base two.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting words coded according to a
first system to words coded according to a second system by selecting
from storage the word in the second system corresponding to the
word in the first system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for converting coded digital signals representing
letters to or from other coded digital signals representing the
same letters where, the various code words are generated based on
the statistical likelihood of character or symbol occurrence.
Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,
subclass 126 for converting an input signal, subclasses 179+ for
statistical measurements, and subclass 198 for converting measurement
value from one measuring unit to another measuring unit.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter where the converter is capable of operating
either as an analog to digital converter or as a digital to analog
converter.
(1)
Note. The analog to digital and digital to analog conversions
can occur sequentially or simultaneously.
(2)
Note. Reversible converters are typically nonlinear.
Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,
subclass 126 for converting an input signal, subclasses 179+ for
statistical measurements, and subclass 198 for converting measurement
value from one measuring unit to another measuring unit.
ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERSION FOLLOWED BY DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERSION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter where an analog to digital conversion is
followed by a digital to analog conversion.
(1)
Note. There usually is a signal processing such that the
output analog signal differs from the input signal in some parameter
(e.g., delay, bandwidth).
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the analog quantity converted is
the phase or the time of phase change of a signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter including a motorlike device having a stator
and a rotor which transforms an angular-position input into variable
phase output or vice versa, or a simulation thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter comprising two or more distinct and related
conversions one of which has an output comprising the more significant
bits of the digital signal and the other of which has an output
comprising the less significant bits of the digital signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter where there is a comparison between the desired
position of an object and its actual position as measured and there
is a control means which responds to the difference in these positions
and attempts to minimize this difference.
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter comprising means, inherent in the converter,
for automatically correcting for undesired changes in the parameters
controlling converter operation and means for determining or manually
correcting or setting the operating conditions of the converter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter for converting from an angular position of
a resolver or synchro rotor relative to a reference position to
a digital signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter for converting from a digital input to analog
values which represent the angular position of a resolver or synchro
rotor relative to a reference position.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising means, inherent in a converter,
for automatically correcting for undesired changes in the parameters
controlling converter operation or means for determining and manually
correcting or setting the operating conditions of the converter.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising means for evaluation of a converter"s
output for known input values, followed by adjustments for obtaining
a desired input-output relation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Subject matter wherein auxiliary circuits are provided by
means of which the converter is altered to be within specifications.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter where the value of the input to the converter
is determined only at discrete time intervals and the value so determined
is kept constant during the conversion.
(1)
Note. The sample and hold operation is often intermediate
to a conversion to a time interval.
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Subject matter where the time intervals between the determinations
of the value of the input to the converter are not constant.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein analog information represented by
the amplitude of an electrical signal, which signal can have an
infinite number of values within a given range is converted to or
from a coded digital signal representing the same information.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter where the analog signal has appreciable amplitude
in both directions from a reference level.
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter where the input analog signal is integrated
for a fixed time interval following which there is a linear return
of the integrated signal to a reference level by means of an applied
signal; the order of application of the two signals may be reversed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter where the input analog signal is integrated
for a fixed time interval following which there is a nonlinear return
of the integrated signal to a reference level by means of applied
plural signals or by changing the frequency of a clock signal which
is being counted.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter where each of two signal levels is assigned
a specific numerical value and any analog value between these two
levels is represented by the relative number of occurrences of pulses
at each of the two levels.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter where, from a system having a quantizing
interval corresponding to a nominally n-bit system, one obtains
a system having an n+1 or greater bit system due to the
application of an oscillating or periodic signal to the input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter including means whereby the maximum or minimum
point of the analog signal waveform is detected.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter wherein there are used special transistors
other than ordinary transistors or wherein solid state devices are
used to perform special functions they do not commonly perform.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous solid-state
device circuits and systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Subject matter having a complementary transistor pair merged
on the same substrate as an integrated circuit device, incorporating
a vertical, inverse mode NPN (PNP) transistor, which can have isolated
multicollector regions, and a PNP (NPN) lateral transistor, which
serves as a current injector to inject charge current directly into
the NPN (PNP) transistor base.
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Subject matter having a circuit with parallel elements wherein
the current flowing through one element exactly reflects that flowing
in the other element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Subject matter using a semiconductor device in which the
resistance between two terminals, the source and the drain, is switched
by a voltage applied to the third terminal, the gate, and the said
resistance is determined by device geometry.
Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), appropriate subclasses, including
subclasses 213 through 413for field effect devices.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter wherein the analog to or from digital conversion
is achieved using devices which generate, detect or transmit light
(e.g., photoelectric cells, photomultipliers, Kerr cells, light
relays, electroluminescent devices, etc.).
Radiant Energy,
subclasses 555+ for coded record controlled photocell circuits
and subclasses 566+ for coded record reading optical or
prephotocell systems absent any signal processing circuitry.
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter comprising automatic means particularly adapted
for increasing the range of signal amplitudes which can be handled
by the converter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter wherein nonlinear code conversion is used
to provide an output which varies in direct proportion to the input.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter where a single converter is used to convert
signals received on different inputs representing distinct data
in time division multiplex or where a converter produces a plurality of
different distinct simultaneous outputs representing differing independent
data.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter where there is a comparison between the desired
position of an object and its actual position and there is a control
means which responds to the difference in these positions and attempts
to minimize this difference.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter wherein the analog signal which is to be
encoded or decoded depends on the difference between a given analog
signal and the analog signal previously encoded or decoded.
704, Data Processing: Speech Signal Processing,
Linguistics, Language Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression,
subclasses 500+ for differential encoding of audio signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter wherein information represented by a coded
digital signal is converted to a form wherein the information is
contained in the amplitude of an electrical signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter comprising two or more distinct but related
conversions one of which responds to the more significant bits of
the digital signal and the other of which responds to the less significant
bits of the digital signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter where the conversion occurs as a series of
sequential conversions made in serially connected stages the output
of a given stage being dependent on the results of the preceding
stage.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter wherein a series of digital signals is converted
to a series of discrete analog values, these values being a particular
mathematical function of the input digital signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter where interconnections of switches have a
divergent branching arrangement with each preceding switch output
connected to a plurality of succeeding switches or vice versa.
For example:
(1)
Note. The switches may comprise any type of switch which
is suitable for switching electric current.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter wherein particular magnetic components or
components used at very low temperatures near absolute zero form
an essential part of a digital to analog conversion.
(1)
Note. Excluded from this subclass are ordinary transformers
used in power supplies or for signal coupling or inductances use
for filtering or decoupling.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter where there is a digital to analog converter
using devices or circuits through which there is a sequential transfer
of electric charges.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter where the analog output of the converter
represents a change in position of an object or a force applied
to an object.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter wherein the input digital signal is converted
to intermediate signals which are a measure of a time interval or
a series of intervals representative of the input digital signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter where the conversion utilizes a network comprising
a series of impedances each of which has a value such that the current through
it is representative of the value of a particular bit position of
the digital input signal and a summing circuit for adding the currents flowing
through the impedances to develop a signal representative of the
digital input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter where the conversion utilizes an impedance
network (typically an R\2R ladder network) having a number
of nodes equal to the number of bits in the digital signal, each node
being selectively fed with equal currents in response to the digital
signals and thereby outputting an electrical signal representative
of the digital input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter wherein analog information represented by
a parameter of an electrical signal, which signal can have an infinite
number of values within a given range, is converted to a coded digital
signal representing the same information.
(1)
Note. Examples of a parameter of a signal are amplitude or
frequency.
Data Processing: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics,
Language Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression,
subclasses 200+ , 500+, and 503+ for audio and
speech-to-digital conversion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter comprising two or more distinct but related
conversions one of which produces the more significant bits of the
digital signal and the other of which produces the less significant
bits of the digital signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter wherein the input analog signal is converted
to a signal the frequency of which is proportional to the value
of the input signal or is converted to a pulse signal the number
of pulses of which is proportional to the value of the input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter in which the analog input signal is compared
with one or more nonvarying analog reference values.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Subject matter where an analog value is simultaneously compared
with a number of different reference values.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter where an encoder, in which an input analog
signal is compared with a plurality of reference values, has an
output which depends on the largest reference value which the input
signal is greater than.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Subject matter where the conversion occurs as a result of
sequential comparisons made in serially connected stages and during
which the particular analog value being converted is not changed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Subject matter where the conversion occurs as a result of
sequential comparisons made in serially connected stages and during
which the particular analog value being converted is changed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Subject matter wherein the analog signal is compared with
a fixed reference signal and, depending on their relative magnitudes,
either the analog signal itself or the difference between the analog
signal and the reference signal is amplified and fed back for comparison with
the same reference value.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Subject matter having one comparator and a counter.
(1)
Note. This subclass will include many successive approximation
types of analog to digital converters as well as tracking types
of analog to digital converters employing reversible counters.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter where the analog input signal is converted
to a signal where the analog value is represented by some time interval
and the latter signal is digitized or coded by counting during said
interval.
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter wherein the input analog signal is integrated
for a fixed time interval following which there is a linear return
of the integrated signal to the datum level by means of an applied
reference signal; the order of application of the two signals may
be reversed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter wherein the input analog signal is integrated
for a fixed time interval following which there is a nonlinear return
to the datum level by means of applied plural reference signals
or by changing the frequency of a clock signal which is being counted.
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter where the input analog signal is compared
with a linearly increasing signal.
(1)
Note. The latter includes a stepped waveform produced by
a digital to analog converter responsive to a counter driven to
produce sawtooth or triangular waveforms.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter wherein particular magnetic components or
components used at very low temperatures near absolute zero form
an essential part of an analog to digital conversion.
(1)
Note. Excluded from this subclass are ordinary transformers
used in power supplies or for signal coupling or inductances used
for filtering or decoupling.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter where there is an analog to digital converter
using devices or circuits through which there is a sequential transfer
of electric charges.
This subclass is indented under subclass 173. Subject matter including a visual indication of the contents
of the pulse code at the point of code origination.
This subclass is indented under subclass 173. Subject matter in which the transmitter produces a signal
specifically described for control of a remotely located device.
(1)
Note. Some remote control aspect of the transmitter must
be mentioned.
(2)
Note. A remote control transmitter specific to a particular
art device is classified with the art device.
Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 5.61 through 5.63and 5.64 for a wireless transceiver and a wireless
transmitter in a coded record authorization control .
This subclass is indented under subclass 173. Subject matter which generates coded pulses of different
frequencies and in which the code is represented by the pulse frequency.
This subclass is indented under subclass 173. Subject matter in which the duration of or between pulses,
or the order of diverse types of pulses, is varied.
(1)
Note. Pulse permutation devices are classified in this and
indented subclasses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Subject matter in which the code consists of a set of a
fixed number of pulses and in which the meaning of the pulse code
is determined by the presence or absence of a pulse.
(1)
Note. The well-known Baudot code is an example of the codes
in this subclass.
Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery, appropriate subclasses for error detection or correction
in an electrical device of general utility.
This subclass is indented under subclass 173. Subject matter in which the meaning of the pulse code is
determined solely by the number of pulses transmitted.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Subject matter having plural pulse code generating stages
cooperating to produce components of a pulse code output.
(1)
Note. Such devices often include a pulse generating source
for each component of a combined or denominational code output.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Subject matter wherein a portion of a signal current conducting
path includes an ion or electron beam path through a gas, vapor
or vacuum.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Subject matter wherein different pulse codes are actuated
by serially connected code generators in which an actuated code
generator further actuates successively connected generators for
a composite output.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Subject matter in which a pulse code controlling device
permits passage of pulses from a pulse source to generate a pulse
code output.
This subclass is indented under subclass 173. Subject matter including a detail of a signal current conducting
device having a current conducting path which includes an electron
or ion path through a gas, vapor or vacuum.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter for converting the instantaneous amplitude
of an input signal to the nearest of a fixed number of discreet
amplitude levels.
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