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S-1
An orally bioavailable fluoropyrimidine antagonist composed of tegafur combined with two modulators of 5-flurouracil (5-FU) activity, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) and potassium oxonate, in a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1. Tegafur is a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil, an antimetabolite that inhibits thymidylate synthase, DNA synthesis and cell division, and competes with uridine triphosphate, thus inhibiting RNA and protein synthesis. CDHP is a reversible inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), the liver enzyme responsible for rapid catabolism of 5-FU into inactive metabolites. Potassium oxonate preferentially localizes in the gut and inhibits the enzyme orotate phosphoribosyl-transferase (OPRT), thereby decreasing activation of 5-FU in the gut and activated 5-FU-related gastrointestinal toxicity. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

S-3304
An orally-agent agent with potential antineoplastic activity. S-3304 inhibits matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), thereby inducing extracellular matrix degradation, and inhibiting angiogenesis, tumor growth and invasion, and metastasis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

S-adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate p-toluene-sulfonate
The disulfate salt of the stable p-toluene-sulfonate complex of s-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) with chemopreventive activity. SAMe disulfate p-toluene-sulfonate undergoes hydrolytic conversion to its active compound SAMe within cells. Although the mechanism of action is largely unknown, SAMe attenuates experimental liver damage and prevents experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. In addition, SAMe may reduce mitochondrial cytochrome C release, caspase 3 activation, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, and attenuate okadaic acid-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. SAMe is an essential compound in cellular transmethylation reactions and a precursor of polyamine and glutathione synthesis in the liver; SAMe deficiency is associated with chronic liver disease-associated decreases in the activity of methionine adenosyltransferase 1A (MAT1A), the enzyme that catalyzes the production of SAMe as the first step in methionine catabolism. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

S-CKD602
A sterically stabilized, pegylated liposomal formulation containing CKD602, a semi-synthetic analogue of campthotecin with potential antitumor activity. CKD602 inhibits the action of topoisomerase I, an enzyme that produces reversible single-strand breaks in DNA during DNA replication. CDK602 stabilizes the topoisomerase I and DNA complex, resulting in the inhibition of religation of DNA breaks, inhibition of DNA replication, and apoptotic cell death. The polyethylene glycol coating of S-CKD602 allows for greater plasma circulation time, thus enhancing the concentration of CKD602 at the tumor site. Encapsulation of CKD602 preserves the active lactone form, resulting in an increased cytotoxic effect of CKD602. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

sabarubicin
A disaccharide analogue of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin. Sabarubicin intercalates into DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair and RNA and protein synthesis. This agent also induces apoptosis through a p53-independent mechanism. Sabarubicin is less cardiotoxic than doxorubicin. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

safingol
A saturated derivative of sphingosine. As an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), safingol competitively binds to the regulatory phorbol-binding domain of PKC, a kinase involved in tumorigenesis. This agent has been shown to act synergistically with other chemotherapeutic agents and may potentiate chemotherapy drug-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Salagen
(Other name for: pilocarpine hydrochloride)

salinosporamide A
A naturally-occurring salinosporamide, isolated from the marine actinomycete Salinospora tropica, with potential antineoplastic activity. Salinosporamide A irreversibly binds to and inhibits the 20S catalytic core subunit of the proteasome by covalently modifying its active site threonine residues; inhibition of ubiquitin-proteasome mediated proteolysis results in an accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins, which may result in the disruption of cellular processes, cell cycle arrest, the induction of apoptosis, and the inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis. This agent more may more potent and selective than the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

salirasib
A salicylic acid derivative with potential antineoplastic activity. Salirasib dislodges all Ras isoforms from their membrane-anchoring sites, thereby preventing activation of RAS signaling cascades that mediated cell proliferation, differentiation, and senescence. RAS signaling is believed to be abnormally activated in one-third of human cancers, including cancers of the pancreas, colon, lung and breast. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

salmonella VNP20009
A genetically stable Salmonella typhimurium strain, attenuated by chromosomal deletion of the purI and msbB genes, with tumor-targeting activity. In rodent models, salmonella VNP20009 has been shown to selectively accumulate and grow in a variety of tumor types, inhibiting the growth of primary and metastatic tumors. This agent may be genetically engineered to contain trangenes that express therapeutic agents or cell surface tumor-associated antigen-specific antibodies, such as CEA-specific antibodies, which may improve its tumor targeting and therapeutic potential. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Salvia officinalis extract tablet
An oral tablet containing an extract of the plant Salvia officinalis (common sage) with reported antihydrotic, antibiotic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, astringent, antispasmodic, estrogenic, and hypoglycemic properties. The primary biologically active component of common sage appears to be its essential oil which contains mainly cineol, borneol, and alpha- and beta-thujone. In addition, sage leaf contains numerous other substances including tannic acid; resins with oleic, ursonic, and ursolic acids; bitter substances with cornsole and cornsolic acid; fumaric, chlorogenic, caffeic and nicotinic acids; nicotinamide; flavones; flavone glycosides; and estrogenic substances. However, the mechanism(s) of action of common sage in the treatment of various disorders is unclear. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

samarium Sm 153 lexidronam pentasodium
The pentasodium salt of samarium Sm 135 lexidronam, a therapeutic agent consisting of a medium energy beta- and gamma-emitting radioisotope, samarium Sm 135, and a teraphosphonate chelator, ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonic acid (EDTMP). The chelator moiety of samarium Sm 153 lexidronam associates with hydroxyapatite crystals concentrated in areas of bone turnover, thereby selectively delivering samarium Sm 153-mediated cytotoxic radiation to osteoblastic bone metastases. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Sandimmune
(Other name for: cyclosporine)

Sandoglobulin
(Other name for: therapeutic immune globulin)

Sandostatin Lar Depot
(Other name for: octreotide acetate)

SangCya
(Other name for: cyclosporine)

sapacitabine
An orally bioavailable pyrimidine analogue prodrug with potential antineoplastic activity. Sapacitabine is hydrolyzed by amidases to the deoxycytosine analogue CNDAC (2'-Cyano-2'-deoxyarabinofuranosylcytosine), which is then phosphorylated into the active triphosphate form. As an analogue of deoxycytidine triphosphate, CNDAC triphosphate incorporates into DNA strands during replication, resulting in single-stranded DNA breaks during polymerization due to beta-elimination during the fidelity checkpoint process; cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase and apoptosis ensue. The unmetabolized prodrug may exhibit antineoplastic activity as well. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

saponin-cholesterol-phospholipid adjuvant
An adjuvant comprised of saponin, derived from the bark of Quillaia saponaria Molina, cholesterol and phospholipid with antigen-delivery and immunostimulatory activities. This saponin-based adjuvant in combination with various antigens, including those for human papilloma virus (HPV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and the human cancer antigen NY-ESO-1, may result in potent antibody, CD4+ T-helper-cell, and CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell responses against the targeted antigen. In addition, this agent may reduce the amount of antigen necessary to induce an efficient immune response in the host. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

saquinavir mesylate
The mesylate salt form of saquinavir, a synthetic peptidomimetic substrate with antiviral property. Saquinavir selectively binds to and inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease, an aspartic protease that cleaves viral gag and gag-pol polyprotein (precursors for viral proteases, reverse transcriptase, and integrase). Inhibition of HIV-1 protease prevents functional viral proteins to be cleaved from the viral polyprotein precursor and results in the release of immature, noninfectious virions. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Sarasar
(Other name for: lonafarnib)

SarCNU
An alkylating chloroethylnitrosourea with antineoplastic activity. Selectively accumulating in some tumor cells, SarCNU forms covalent linkages with nucleophilic centers in DNA, causing depurination, base pair miscoding, strand scission, and DNA-DNA cross-linking, which may result in cytotoxicity. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

sargramostim
A recombinant therapeutic agent which is chemically identical to or similar to endogenous human GM-CSF. Binding to specific cell surface receptors, sargramostim modulates the proliferation and differentiation of a variety of hematopoietic progenitor cells with some specificity towards stimulation of leukocyte production and may reverse treatment-induced neutropenias. This agent also promotes antigen presentation, up-regulates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and increases interleukin-2-mediated lymphokine-activated killer cell function; it may also augment host antitumoral immunity. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

sargramostim plasmid DNA hepatocellular carcinoma vaccine adjuvant
A vaccine adjuvant consisting of a plasmid DNA encoding sargramostim (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor). Upon administration, expressed sargramostim may stimulate a cytotoxic T cell response enhancing the host immune response to a concomitantly administered hepatocellular carcinoma vaccine. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

sargramostim plasmid DNA melanoma vaccine adjuvant
A vaccine adjuvant consisting of a plasmid DNA encoding sargramostim (a granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor). Upon administration, expressed sargramostim may stimulate a cytotoxic T cell response enhancing the host immune response to a concomitantly administered melanoma vaccine. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

sargramostim plasmid DNA pancreatic tumor cell vaccine
A whole cell vaccine comprised of irradiated allogenic pancreatic tumor cells transfected with a plasmid DNA encoding human sargramostim (GM-CSF). Vaccination results in expression of GM-CSF, which induces proliferation and differentiation hematopoietic lineage cells as well as stimulating macrophage and dendritic cell functions in antigen presentation and antitumor cell-mediated immunity. Furthermore, administration of this pancreatic tumor cell vaccine may elicit a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against similar host tumor cells, resulting in decreased tumor growth. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

satraplatin
An orally administered third generation platinum compound with potential antineoplastic activity. Satraplatin forms highly reactive, charged, platinum complexes which bind to nucleophilic groups in DNA, inducing intrastrand and interstrand DNA cross-links, as well as DNA-protein cross-links. These cross-links result in cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Satric
(Other name for: metronidazole)

SB-743921
A synthetic small molecule with potential antineoplastic properties. SB-743921 selectively inhibits kinesin spindle protein (KSP), an important protein involved in the early stages of mitosis that is expressed in proliferating cells. Inhibition of KSP results in inhibition of mitotic spindle assembly and interrupts cell division, thereby causing cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

SB-AS02B adjuvant
A proprietary oil-in-water emulsion specifically designed for combining protein preparations used in vaccines. SB-AS02B adjuvant contains monophosphoryl lipid A and QS21, a saponin extracted from the South American tree Quillaja saponaria Molina. This agent may be used for formulating cancer-specific vaccine preparations such as those containing MAGE-3 melanoma protein. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

SB-AS15 adjuvant
A vaccine adjuvant containing CpG 7909, monophosphoryl lipid, and QS-21 with potential antineoplastic and immunostimulatory activities. CpG 7909 is a synthetic 24-mer oligonucleotide containing 3 CpG motifs that selectively targets Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), thereby activating dendritic and B cells and stimulating cytotoxic T cell and antibody responses against tumor cells bearing tumor antigens. Monophosphoryl lipid is a detoxified derivative of lipid A, a component of Salmonella minnesota lipopolysaccharide (LPS); this agent may enhance humoral and cellular responses to various antigens. QS-21 is a purified, naturally occurring saponin derived from the South American tree Quillaja saponaria Molina and exhibits various immunostimulatory activities. Combinations of monophosphoryl lipid and QS-21 may be synergistic in inducing humoral and cellular immune responses. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Sclerosol Intrapleural Aerosol
(Other name for: talc)

Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine
A naturally occurring organoselenium compound found in many plants, including garlic, onions, and broccoli, with potential antioxidant and chemopreventive activities. Se-Methyl-seleno-L-cysteine (MSC) is an amino acid analogue of cysteine in which a methylselenium moiety replaces the sulphur atom of cysteine. This agent acts as an antioxidant when incorporated into glutathione peroxidase and has been shown to exhibit potent chemopreventive activity in animal models. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

sedoxantrone trihydrochloride
The trihydrochloride salt of the anthrapyrazole antineoplastic antibiotic sedoxantrone with potential antineoplastic activity. Sedoxantrone intercalates into DNA and interacts with topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair and RNA and protein synthesis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

selective androgen receptor modulator GTx-024
A non-steroidal agent with anabolic activity. Selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) GTx-024 is designed to work like testosterone, thus promoting and/or maintaining libido, fertility, prostate growth, and muscle growth and strength. Mimicking testosterone's action, this agent may increase lean body mass, thereby ameliorating muscle wasting in the hypermetabolic state of cancer cachexia. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

selective androgen receptor modulator MDV3100
An orally bioavailable, organic, non-steroidal small molecule targeting the androgen receptor (AR) with potential antineoplastic activity. Through a mechanism that is reported to be different from other approved AR antagonists, selective androgen receptor modulator MDV3100 inhibits the activity of prostate cancer cell ARs, which may result in a reduction in prostate cancer cell proliferation and, correspondingly, a reduction in the serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level. AR over-expression in prostate cancer represents a key mechanism associated with prostate cancer hormone resistance. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

selenium
A nonmetallic chemical element found in trace amounts in human body. Selenium primarily occurs in vivo as selenocompounds, mostly selenoproteins such as glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase (enzymes responsible for detoxification). Alone or in combination with Vitamin E, selenocompounds act as antioxidants. These agents scavenge free radicals; prevent blood clots by inhibiting platelet aggregation; strengthen the immune system; and have been shown, in some instances, to inhibit chromosomal damage and mutations. Exhibiting chemopreventive activity, selenocompounds also inhibit the induction of protein kinase C. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

semaxanib
A quinolone derivative with potential antineoplastic activity. Semaxanib reversibly inhibits ATP binding to the tyrosine kinase domain of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), which may inhibit VEGF-stimulated endothelial cell migration and proliferation and reduce the tumor microvasculature. This agent also inhibits the phosphorylation of the stem cell factor receptor tyrosine kinase c-kit, often expressed in acute myelogenous leukemia cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

semustine
A methylated derivative of carmustine with antineoplastic activity. As an alkylating agent, semustine forms covalent linkages with nucleophilic centers in DNA, causing depurination, base-pair miscoding, strand scission, and DNA-DNA cross-linking, which may result in cytotoxicity. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Seneca Valley virus-001
A native, replication-competent oncolytic picornavirus with potential antineoplastic activity. Administered systemically, Seneca Valley virus-001 (SVV-001) specifically targets and infects tumor cells with neuroendocrine characteristics. Upon infection, this agent replicates intracellularly, resulting in tumor cell lysis and reduced tumor cell proliferation. The selective tropism of virus replication may involve receptor-mediated internalization. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

senna extract
An extract made from the dried leaflets on the pods of Cassia angustifolia or Cassia acutifolia with cathartic activity. Dimeric glycosides in dried senna extract are converted to the active monoanthrones by bacterial action in the colon. Through direct effects on enterocytes, enteric neurons, and muscle, monoanthrones produce giant migrating colonic contractions in addition to water and electrolyte secretion. As do other stimulant laxatives, monoanthrones may induce a limited low-grade inflammation in the colon through activation of prostaglandin/cyclic AMP and nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathways and perhaps inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Sensorcaine-MPF
(Other name for: bupivacaine hydrochloride)

Septra
(Other name for: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)

serine protease inhibitor WX-671
An orally bioavailable, 3-amidinophenylalanine-derived, second generation serine protease inhibitor prodrug targeting the human urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) system with potential antineoplastic and antimetastatic activities. After oral administration, serine protease inhibitor WX-671 is converted to the active Nα-(2,4,6-triisopropylphenylsulfonyl)-3-amidino-(L)-phenyla lanine-4-ethoxycarbonylpiperazide (WX-UK1), which inhibits several serine proteases, particularly uPA; inhibition of uPA may result in the inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. uPA is a serine protease involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix and tumor cell migration and proliferation. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

serine/threonine kinase inhibitor XL418
A selective, orally active small molecule, targeting protein kinase B (PKB or AKT) and ribosomal protein S6 Kinase (p70S6K), with potential antineoplastic activity. XL418 inhibits the activities of PKB and p70S6K, both acting downstream of phosphoinosotide-3 kinase (PI3K). These kinases are often upregulated in a variety of cancers. Inhibition of PKB by this agent will induce apoptosis, while inhibition of p70S6K will result in the inhibition of translation within tumor cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Seromycin
(Other name for: D-cycloserine)

Serophene
(Other name for: clomiphene citrate)

sertraline hydrochloride
The hydrochloride salt of sertraline, a synthetic derivative of naphthalenamine with anti-serotoninergic and anti-depressant properties. Sertraline appears to selectively inhibit the neuronal uptake of serotonin, raising serotonin levels in the CNS. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

sevoflurane
A fluorinated isopropyl ether with general anesthetic property. Although the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, sevoflurane may act by interfering with the release and re-uptake of neurotransmitters at post-synaptic terminals, and/or alter ionic conductance following receptor activation by a neurotransmitter. Sevoflurane may also interact directly with lipid matrix of neuronal membranes, thereby affecting gating properties of ion channels. In addition, this agent may activate gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors hyperpolarizing cell membranes. This results in a general anesthetic effect, a decrease in myocardial contractility and mean arterial pressure as well as an increased respiratory rate. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

shark cartilage
A nutritional supplement gleaned from the exoskeleton of the shark. Shark cartilage inhibits metalloproteinases (MMPs) and possesses antiangiogenic and antimetastatic properties. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

shark cartilage extract AE-941
A multifunctional antiangiogenic agent derived from shark cartilage with potential antineoplastic activity. Shark cartilage extract AE-941 competitively inhibits the binding of pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to its cell receptor, thereby inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation. This agent also inhibits matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), stimulates tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and activates caspase-mediated apoptotic pathways in endothelial cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

sialyl Lewisª-keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate vaccine
A vaccine consisting of the oligosaccharide antigen sialyl Lewisª (CA19-9) conjugated to the nonspecific immunomodulator keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, sialyl Lewisª-keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate vaccine may induce production of IgG and IgM antibodies as well as trigger an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against tumor cells expressing the sialyl Lewisª antigen. Sialyl Lewisª is a blood group antigen and a tumor-associated antigen associated with epithelial cancers such as breast cancer and various digestive cancers. Sialyl Lewisª serves as a ligand for the cytokine-inducible cell adhesion molecule (CAM) E-selectin, an endothelial cell-specific type I transmembrane surface protein, thus facilitating hematogenous metastasis by mediating the adhesion of circulating cancer cells to vascular endothelium. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Sigosix
(Other name for: recombinant interleukin-6)

sildenafil citrate
The citrate salt of a pyrazolopyrimidinone derivative structurally related to zaprinast. Sildenafil selectively inhibits cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific type 5 phosphodiesterase, resulting in vasodilation in the corpus cavernosum of the penis and penile erection. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

silicon phthalocyanine 4
A synthetic photosensitizer agent containing a large macrocyclic ring chelated with silicon. Silicon phthalocyanine 4 localizes primarily in mitochondrial cytosolic membranes and, after photoexcitation, forms reactive oxygen species that induce apoptosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Silybin-Phytosome
(Other name for: phosphatidylcholine-bound silybin)

silymarin
A mixture of flavonolignans isolated from the milk thistle plant Silybum marianum. Silymarin may act as an antioxidant, protecting hepatic cells from chemotherapy-related free radical damage. This agent may also promote the growth of new hepatic cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Simulect
(Other name for: basiliximab)

simvastatin
A lipid-lowering agent derived synthetically from a fermentation product of the fungus Aspergillus terreus. Hydrolyzed in vivo to an active metabolite, simvastatin competitively inhibits hepatic hydroxymethyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, a key step in cholesterol synthesis. This agent lowers plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein levels, and modulates immune responses by suppressing MHC II (major histocompatibility complex II) on interferon gamma-stimulated, antigen-presenting cells such as human vascular endothelial cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Singulair
(Other name for: montelukast sodium)

siplizumab
A monoclonal immunoglobulin G1 antibody with potential antineoplastic activity. Siplizumab binds to CD2, a specific receptor found in T cells and NK cells, thereby triggering a host immune response that results in lysis of CD2+ cells, selective suppression of the immune system, and control of activated T cell growth. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

sipuleucel-T
A cell-based vaccine composed of autologous antigen-presenting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (enriched for a dendritic cell fraction) that have been exposed to a recombinant protein consisting of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) fused to prostatic-acid phosphatase (PAP), a protein expressed by prostate cancer cells. Upon administration, the vaccine may stimulate an antitumor T-cell response against tumor cells expressing PAP. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

siRNA-expressing SV40 vector
A simian virus 40 (SV40)-based shuttle vector, encoding small interfering RNA (siRNA), with potential antineoplastic activity. The expression of siRNA in target tumor cells transfected with an siRNA-expressing SV40 vector may result in siRNA-mediated silencing of target oncogenes and, so, the inhibition of tumor cell growth and the induction of tumor cell death. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

sirolimus
A natural macrocyclic lactone produced by the bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus, with immunosuppressant properties. In cells, sirolimus binds to the immunophilin FK Binding Protein-12 (FKBP-12) to generate an immunosuppressive complex that binds to and inhibits the activation of the mammalian Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR), a key regulatory kinase. This results in inhibition of T lymphocyte activation and proliferation that occurs in response to antigenic and cytokine (IL-2, IL-4, and IL-15) stimulation and inhibition of antibody production. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

SJG-136
A pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimer with potential antineoplastic activity. SJG-136 binds to the minor groove of DNA and induces interstrand cross-links between two N-2 guanine positions, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and transcription. With a preference for binding to purine-GATC-pyrimidine sequences, SJG-136 adducts do not appear to be subject to p53-mediated DNA excision repair mechanisms. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Sk-Dexamethasone
(Other name for: dexamethasone)

SK-Diphenhydramine
(Other name for: diphenhydramine hydrochloride)

SK-Furosemide
(Other name for: furosemide)

Sk-Prednisone
(Other name for: prednisone)

SK-Probenecid
(Other name for: probenecid)

Slo-Phyllin
(Other name for: theophylline)

SN-38-loaded polymeric micelles NK012
A formulation consisting of polymeric micelles loaded with the irinotecan metabolite SN-38 with potential antineoplastic activity. SN-38-loaded polymeric micelles NK012 is an SN-38-releasing nanodevice constructed by covalently attaching SN-38 to the block copolymer PEG-PGlu, followed by self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers in an aqueous milieu. SN-38 (7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin), a biological active metabolite of the prodrug irinotecan (CPT-11), binds to and inhibits topoisomerase I by stabilizing the cleavable complex between topoisomerase I and DNA, resulting in DNA breaks, inhibition of DNA replication, and apoptosis. SN-38 has been reported to exhibit up to 1,000-fold more cytotoxic activity against various cancer cells in vitro than irinotecan. This formulation increases the water-solubility of SN-38 and allows the delivery of higher doses of SN-38 than those achievable with SN-38 alone. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

soblidotin
A dolastatin-10 derivative. Soblidotin inhibits tubulin polymerization, resulting in cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

sodium borocaptate
A boron-carrying compound. After parenteral administration, borocaptate sodium accumulates preferentially in tumor cells. When exposed to neutron irradiation, borocaptate absorbs neutrons and self-destructs releasing short-range alpha radiation and 'recoil' lithium in tumor cells, resulting in alpha radiation-induced tumor cell death. This highly selective, localized radiotargeting of tumor cells, known as boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), spares adjacent normal tissues. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

sodium citrate
The sodium salt of citrate with alkalinizing activity. Upon absorption, sodium citrate dissociates into sodium cations and citrate anions; organic citrate ions are metabolized to bicarbonate ions, resulting in an increase in the plasma bicarbonate concentration, the buffering of excess hydrogen ion, the raising of blood pH, and potentially the reversal of acidosis. In addition, increases in free sodium load due to sodium citrate administration may increase intravascular blood volume, facilitating the excretion of bicarbonate compounds and an anti-urolithic effect. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

sodium dichloroacetate
The sodium salt of dichloroacetic acid with potential antineoplastic activity. Dichloroacetate ion inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, resulting in the inhibition of glycolysis and a decrease in lactate production. This agent may stimulate apoptosis in cancer cells by restoring normal mitochondrial-induced apoptotic signaling. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

sodium fluoride
An inorganic salt of fluoride used topically or in municipal water fluoridation systems to prevent dental caries. Fluoride appears to bind to calcium ions in the hydroxyapatite of surface tooth enamel, preventing corrosion of tooth enamel by acids. This agent may also inhibit acid production by commensal oral bacteria. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

sodium hyaluronate topical hydrogel
A proprietary topical gel formulation containing sodium hyaluronate with wound repair and skin mositurizing properties. Upon application, sodium hyaluronate topical hydrogel adheres to injured tissues, hydrates skin, and provides protection from further chemical or mechanical irritation. Hyaluronate, a non-sulfated glucosaminoglycan, is a chief component of the extracellular matrix in connective, epithelial, and neural tissues and contributes significantly to cell proliferation and migration. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

sodium phenylbutyrate
The sodium salt of phenylbutyrate, a derivative of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate, with potential antineoplastic activity. Phenylbutyrate reversibly inhibits class I and II histone deacetylases (HDACs), which may result in a global increase in gene expression, decreased cellular proliferation, increased cell differentiation, and the induction of apoptosis in susceptible tumor cell populations. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

sodium salicylate
The sodium salt of salicylic acid. As a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), sodium salicylate irreversibly acetylates cyclooxygenases I and II, thereby inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis and associated inflammation and pain. This agent may also activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), thereby inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

sodium stibogluconate
Pentavalent antimony (Sb) in differential complex formation with gluconic acid with leishmanicidal and potential antineoplastic activities. The Sb moiety of sodium stibogluconate (SSG) may inhibit protein tyrosine phophorylases (PTPases) by covalently modifying sulfhydryl groups in PTPase cysteine residues, resulting in specific inactivation of SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatases-1 and -2 (SHP-1 and SHP-2), PTPases which negatively regulate interferon (IFN) signaling; enhancement of IFN-induced Stat1 tyrosine phosphorylation; and induction of cellular protein tyrosine phosphorylation. SSG in combination with IFN-alpha may synergize to overcome tumor cell resistance to IFN-alpha-mediated apoptosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Sodothiol
(Other name for: sodium thiosulfate)

Solaraze
(Other name for: diclofenac sodium gel)

Solatene
(Other name for: beta carotene)

Solu-Medrol
(Other name for: methylprednisolone)

Somophyllin-T
(Other name for: theophylline)

sorafenib tosylate
The tosylate salt of sorafenib, a synthetic compound targeting growth signaling and angiogenesis. Sorafenib blocks the enzyme RAF kinase, a critical component of the RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway that controls cell division and proliferation; in addition, sorafenib inhibits the VEGFR-2/PDGFR-beta signaling cascade, thereby blocking tumor angiogenesis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Soriatane
(Other name for: acitretin)

soy isoflavones
A dietary supplement isolated from soybeans containing phytoestrogen isoflavones. Although the mechanism of action is unclear, soy isoflavones mimic estrogen action mediated through estrogen receptors. In addition, this agent also modulates estrogen metabolism. As a result, soy isoflavones have been shown to reduce tumor cell proliferation and induce tumor cell apoptosis, as well as to be able to regulate hormone balance and reduce the risks of breast cancer, heart disease, and osteoporosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

soy protein isolate
A dietary protein isolated from soybeans that contains isoflavone phytoestrogens. Soy protein isolate has been shown to reduce tumor incidence and growth in some animal studies, possibly by modulating estrogen metabolism, reducing tumor cell proliferation, and inducing tumor cell apoptosis. Soy protein isolate may also inhibit endothelial cell proliferation. Isoflavone phytoestrogens display mild estrogen-like activities which may regulate hormone balance and reduce the risks of breast cancer, heart disease, and osteoporosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

spirogermanium
A synthetic organometallic compound containing the element germanium with possible antineoplastic activity. Spirogermanium exhibits significant toxicity, particularly neurotoxicity. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

spiromustine
A bifunctional nitrogen alkylating agent with antineoplastic activity and lipophilic properties. Containing a lipophilic hydantoin group that serves as a carrier to cross the blood brain barrier, spiromustine forms covalent linkages with nucleophilic centers in DNA, causing depurination, base-pair miscoding, strand scission, and DNA-DNA cross-linking, which may result in cytotoxicity. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

spironolactone
A synthetic 17-spironolactone corticosteroid with potassium-sparing diuretic, antihypertensive, and antiandrogen activities. Spironolactone competitively inhibits adrenocortical hormone aldosterone activity in the distal renal tubules, myocardium, and vasculature. This agent may inhibit the pathophysiologic effects of aldosterone produced in excess by various types of malignant and benign tumors. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

spiroplatin
A synthetic derivative of cyclohexane sulfatoplatinum with antineoplastic properties. Spiroplatin induces DNA cross-links, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and RNA and protein synthesis. Similar to other platinum compounds, this agent has been shown to be mutagenic and carcinogenic. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Sporanox
(Other name for: itraconazole)

Sprycel
(Other name for: dasatinib)

SR31747A
A synthetic peripheral sigma receptor ligand with immunomodulatory and potential antitumor activities. Although the exact mechanism by which SR31747A exerts its antitumor effects has not been fully established, SR31747A binds to and inhibits the sigma1 receptor (SR31747A-binding protein-1 or SR-BP1), human sterol isomerase (emopamil-binding protein) and the sigma2 receptor, which may result in a reduction in tumor cell proliferation and tumor cell apoptosis. In addition, this agent inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines. Upregulated in various cancers, the sigma1 and sigma2 receptors and human sterol isomerase are proteins that are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and survival. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Src kinase inhibitor KX2-391
An orally bioavailable small molecule Src kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Unlike other Src kinase inhibitors which bind to the ATP-binding site, Src kinase inhibitor KX2-391 specifically binds to the peptide substrate binding site of Src kinase; inhibition of kinase activity may result in the inhibition of primary tumor growth and the suppression of metastasis. Src tyrosine kinases are upregulated in many tumor cells and play important roles in tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

SS1(dsFv)-PE38 immunotoxin
A recombinant immunotoxin consisting of the single chain anti-mesothelin monoclonal antibody SS1(dsFv) linked to Pseudomonas exotoxin PE-38. The monoclonal antibody moiety of the agent binds to cells that express mesothelin, a cell surface glycoprotein which may be overexpressed in ovarian cancer, mesotheliomas, and some squamous cell carcinomas; after internalization, the exotoxin moiety inactivates eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2, thereby disrupting tumor cell protein synthesis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

St. John's wort
An herbal extract prepared from the plant Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) with photodynamic, antineoplastic, and antidepressant activities. Hypericin, one of the active compounds found in Hypericum perforatum, is a photosensitizer that, when exposed to a particular wavelength and intensity of light, may induce tumor cell apoptosis. Another compound, hyperforin, induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in certain tumor cell lines. Hypericum perforatum preparations may also stimulate the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes and P-glycoprotein drug transporters, resulting in increased metabolism and decreased efficacy of various chemotherapeutic agents and other drugs. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

standardized freeze-dried table grape powder
A standardized freeze-dried preparation of dessicated table grapes containing polyphenols (including flavanols, anthocyanins, flavonols, and stilbenes such as resveratrol) and other unidentified compounds with antioxidant activity. Standardized freeze-dried table grape powder increases serum antioxidant activity and reduces the macrophage-mediated oxidation and uptake of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). This agent has been shown to inhibit genes linked to the development of sporadic colorectal cancer and may exhibit chemopreventive activity for other human cancers. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

staphylococcus aureus protein A
A protein that resides in the microbial wall of staphylococcus aureus and interferes with opsonization by binding to the Fc portion of immunoglobulin. The protein has a deleterious effect on the epithelial cells that line the respiratory tract, and plays a role in the induction of pneumonia. Protein A also initiates polymorphonuclear cell migration into airway passages via TNFR1 activation. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Statex SR
(Other name for: morphine sulfate)

stavudine
A synthetic nucleoside, analog of didehydro-3-deoxythymidine with potent antiretroviral activity. In vivo, stavudine is phosphorylated by cellular kinases to the active metabolite stavudine triphosphate; this metabolite inhibits the activity of HIV reverse transcriptase both by competing with the natural substrate deoxythymidine triphosphate and by incorporation into viral DNA causing a termination of DNA chain elongation (due to the lack the essential 3'-OH group). Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Stelazine
(Other name for: trifluoperazine hydrochloride)

STEPA
(Other name for: thiotepa)

Sterapred
(Other name for: prednisone)

Steritalc
(Other name for: talc)

Stilboestrol
(Other name for: diethylstilbestrol)

Stimuvax
(Other name for: BLP25 liposome vaccine)

Stoxil
(Other name for: idoxuridine)

Strattera
(Other name for: atomoxetine hydrochloride)

streptavidin
An extracellular protein that has four high affinity binding sites for biotin. Streptavidin is widely utilized in fluorescence microscopy applications due to the ease with which a conjugate fluorescent moiety can be coupled to the protein. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

streptonigrin
An aminoquinone antineoplastic antibiotic isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces flocculus. Streptonigrin complexes with DNA and topoisomerase II, resulting in DNA cleavage and inhibition of DNA replication and RNA synthesis. This agent also acts as a reverse transcriptase inhibitor and causes free radical-mediated cellular damage. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

streptozocin
A methylnitrosourea antineoplastic antibiotic isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces achromogenes. Streptozocin alkylates DNA, forming inter-strand DNA cross-links and inhibiting DNA synthesis. Due to its glucose moiety, this agent is readily taken up by pancreatic beta cells, inducing diabetes mellitus at high concentrations. Unlike other nitrosoureas, streptozocin causes little myelosuppression. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Stromagen
(Other name for: autologous expanded mesenchymal stem cells OTI-010)

strontium chloride Sr 89
The chloride salt of a radioactive isotope of strontium. Strontium chloride Sr 89 is taken up and incorporated preferentially in metastatic lesions in bone where it emits cytotoxic beta radiation, resulting in an inhibition and/or reduction of tumor growth and so tumor-related bone pain. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

SU014813
An orally-active, tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor with potential antitumor activity. SU014813 binds to and inhibits the phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) alpha and beta, c-Kit and Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt-3). This leads to an inhibition of cellular proliferation and angiogenesis and an induction of apoptosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

SU6668
An orally bioavailable receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. SU6668 binds to and inhibits the autophosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), thereby inhibiting angiogenesis and cell proliferation. SU6668 also inhibits the phosphorylation of the stem cell factor receptor tyrosine kinase c-kit, often expressed in acute myelogenous leukemia cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Sublimaze
(Other name for: fentanyl citrate)

sufentanil citrate
The citrate salt form of sufentanil, a synthetic congener of fentanyl and related to the phenylpieridines, with analgesic property. Sufentanil citrate binds to and activates the mu-opioid receptor, thereby producing analgesia, respiratory depression, miosis, reduced gastrointestinal motility, and euphoria. In addition, this agent has a more rapid onset of action and shorter duration of action compared to fentanyl. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Sufortan
(Other name for: penicillamine)

sulindac
A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug with potential antineoplastic activity. Converted in vivo to an active metabolite, sulindac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), blocks cyclic guanosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase (cGMP-PDE), an enzyme that inhibits the normal apoptosis signal pathway; this inhibition permits the apoptotic signal pathway to proceed unopposed, resulting in apoptotic cell death. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

sulofenur
A diarylsulfonylurea with potential antineoplastic activity. Sulofenur's antineoplastic mechanism of action is unknown. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Summicort
(Other name for: methylprednisolone)

sunitinib malate
The orally bioavailable malate salt of an indolinone-based tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Sunitinib blocks the tyrosine kinase activities of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), platelet-derived growth factor receptor b (PDGFRb), and c-kit, thereby inhibiting angiogenesis and cell proliferation. This agent also inhibits the phosphorylation of Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), another receptor tyrosine kinase expressed by some leukemic cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Suprane
(Other name for: desflurane)

Suprax
(Other name for: cefixime)

suramin
A polysulphonated naphthylurea with potential antineoplastic activity. Suramin blocks the binding of various growth factors, including insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), to their receptors, thereby inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation and migration. This agent also inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)- and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced angiogenesis; retroviral reverse transcriptase; uncoupling of G-proteins from receptors; topoisomerases; cellular folate transport; and steroidogenesis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

survivin antigen
A tumor-associated antigen. Vaccination with survivin antigen may result in a cytotoxic T-cell response against survivin antigen-expressing tumor cells, resulting in decreased tumor cell proliferation and tumor cell death. Overexpressed in many tumors, endogenous survivin inhibits tumor cell apoptosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

survivin inhibitor YM155
A small-molecule proapoptotic agent with potential antineoplastic activity. Survivin inhibitor YM155 selectively inhibits survivin expression in tumor cells, resulting in inhibition of survivin antiapoptotic activity (via the extrinsic or intrinsic apoptotic pathways) and tumor cell apoptosis. Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) gene family, is expressed during embryonal development and is absent in most normal, terminally differentiated tissues; upregulated in a variety of human cancers, its expression in tumors is associated with a more aggressive phenotype, shorter survival times, and a decreased response to chemotherapy. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

survivin Sur1M2 peptide vaccine
A modified recombinant nonapeptide (LMLGEFLKL) derived from the anti-apoptosis protein survivin with potential immunopotentiating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, survivin Sur1M2 peptide vaccine may elicit humoral and cellular immune responses against survivin-expressing cancers, resulting in decreased tumor cell proliferation and tumor cell death. The survivin protein inhibits caspase activation and apoptosis; it is undetectable in normal adult tissues but is expressed by several human cancers including lung, colon, breast, pancreas, and prostate cancer as well as hematopoietic malignancies and skin cancers. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Sustiva
(Other name for: efavirenz)

Sutent
(Other name for: sunitinib malate)

Syk kinase inhibitor R935788
An orally available Syk kinase inhibitor with potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating activities. Syk kinase inhibitor R935788 inhibits Syk kinase-mediated IgG Fc gamma receptor signaling, resulting in inhibition of the activation of mast cells, macrophages, and B-cells and related inflammatory responses and tissue damage. Syk kinase, widely expressed in hematopoietic cells, is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that is involved in coupling activated immunoreceptors to signal downstream events that mediate diverse cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation, and phagocytosis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Symadine
(Other name for: amantadine hydrochloride)

Symbicort
(Other name for: budesonide/formoterol fumarate dihydrate inhalation aerosol)

Symmetrel
(Other name for: amantadine hydrochloride)

Synestrin
(Other name for: diethylstilbestrol)

Synovir
(Other name for: thalidomide)

synthetic brain tumor peptides-pulsed autologous dendritic cell vaccine
A cell-based cancer vaccine composed of autologous dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with synthetic brain tumor peptides with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, synthetic brain tumor peptides-pulsed autologous dendritic cell vaccine may stimulate anti-tumoral cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)l and antibody responses against glioma tumor cells, resulting in glioma tumor cell lysis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

synthetic breast cancer peptides-tetanus toxoid-Montanide ISA-51 vaccine
A cancer vaccine comprised of multiple synthetic breast cancer peptides and the adjuvant tetanus toxoid helper peptide emulsified in the adjuvant Montanide ISA-51 with immunopotentiation activity. Vaccination with this cancer vaccine may elicit a specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response against breast cancer cells. Synthetic breast cancer peptides may stimulate the immune response against cells that produce breast cancer markers such as erbB2 (HER2/neu) while tetanus toxoid helper peptide binds to class II MHC molecules as a nonspecific vaccine helper epitope, resulting in a long-term immunopotentiation by increasing the helper T-cell response. Montanide ISA-51, also known as incomplete Freund's adjuvant or IFA, is a stabilized water-in-oil emulsion adjuvant containing mineral oil with mannide oleate added as a surfactant that non-specifically stimulates cell-mediated immune responses to antigens. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

synthetic human corticotropin-releasing factor
A synthetic therapeutic agent which is chemically identical to or similar to the endogenous human corticotropin-releasing factor (hCRF). Synthesized in the hypothalamus, hCRF stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). In cerebral edema, hCRF acts by impeding the flow of fluid from blood vessels into brain tissue, thereby decreasing edema and stabilizing intracranial pressure. This agent possesses anti-edema properties independent of adrenal gland function. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

synthetic human papillomavirus 16 E6 peptide
A synthetic peptide sequence of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 oncoprotein E6. The E6 oncoprotein is implicated in the tumorigenesis of cervical carcinoma. Vaccination with HPV 16 E6 peptide may stimulate the host immune system to mount a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against cells expressing the E6 oncoprotein, resulting in tumor cell lysis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

synthetic melanoma-associated antigens vaccine
A cancer vaccine containing synthetic epitope peptides derived from melanoma tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), including melanoma-melanocyte antigen gp100(280-288), melanoma-associated antigen tyrosinase(1-9), and melanoma-associated antigen melan-A(27-35). Upon administration, synthetic melanoma-associated antigens vaccine may stimulate a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte immune response against melanoma cells that express TAAs which share epitopes with the vaccine epitope peptides, resulting in tumor cell lysis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

synthetic peptide-based erythropoiesis stimulating agent
A synthetic, non-recombinant, pegylated, peptidic erythropoiesis stimulating agent. Synthetic peptide-based erythropoiesis stimulating agent binds to and activates the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor on erythroid progenitor cells, thereby inducing their proliferation and differentiation into mature erythrocytes. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

synthetic peptides E-PRA and E-PSM vaccine
A cancer vaccine consisting of E-PRA and E-PSM, two synthetic peptide analogs of PRAME (PReferential Antigen MElanoma) and PSMA (Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen), with potential immunostimulating activity. Upon direct administration into lymph nodes, synthetic peptides E-PRA and E-PSM vaccine may sitmulate a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against PRAME- and PSMA-expressing tumor cells. PRAME and PSMA are tumor-associated antigens upregulated and expressed on the cell surfaces of certain tumor cell types. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Synthoestrin
(Other name for: diethylstilbestrol)

Synthroid
(Other name for: levothyroxine sodium)

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